56% 149,028 21% 298,348,000 96% 56% 547,000 33%

56% 149,028 33% 128,322,270 88% 56% 347,000 35% 498,322,000 82% 56% 147,000 33% 1,742,060 23% 16% 679,0248 33% 498,322,000 96% 56% 547,000 33% 498,322,000 82% 2,742,060 23%

56% 149,028 33% 498,322,000 96% 56% 547,000 33% 498,322,000 82% 56% 147,000 33% 1,742,060 23%

56% 149,028 21% 298,348,000 96% 56% 547,000 33% 498,322,000 82% 56% 147,000 33% 1,742,060 23%

56% 149,028 33% 498,322,000 96% 56% 547,000 33% 498,322,000 82% 56% 147,000 33% 1,742,060 23% 56% 149,028 33% 498,322,000 96% 56% 547,000 33% 498,322,000 82% 56% 147,000 33% 1,742,060 23%

88% 56% 347,000 35% 498,322,000 82% 56% 147,000 33% 1,742,060 23%

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 1

The State of Israel...................................................................................................................2

Key Figures...............................................................................................................................4

Climate...................................................................................................................6

Population................................................................................................................................ 7

Vital Statistics (Live Births, Deaths, Marriages, Divorces)......................................8

Immigration...................................................................................................................9

Households and Families.................................................................................................10

Health ......................................................................................................................................12

Society...................................................................................................................13

Welfare..............................................................................................................................14

Education...................................................................................................................15

Culture, Entertainment and Sport............................................................................16

Crime and Justice...............................................................................................................17

Labour...................................................................................................................18

Wages...................................................................................................................19

Prices...................................................................................................................20

General Government........................................................................................................21

National Accounts..............................................................................................................22

International Accounts, Imports and Exports.........................................................23

Agriculture...................................................................................................................24

Manufacturing, Commerce and Services..................................................................25

Construction, Electricity and Water............................................................................26

Tourism and Hotels...........................................................................................................27

Transport.......................................................................................................................28

Science and Technology.................................................................................................29

Environment............................................................................................................30

Obtaining Statistical Information and Purchasing Publications.......................31

CONTENTS

1

The Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] is pleased to present the public with the booklet “Israel in Figures”, which includes a broad range of data related to Israeli demography, society, and economy. The booklet provides a brief summary of data on Israel.The data presented here are updated to 2015, unless otherwise stated. Some of the figures are rounded.For more comprehensive information about the country, including detailed definitions and explanations related to a broad range of topics, please refer to the CBS website (www.cbs.gov.il), and to other CBS products that deal specifically with the topic in question.My sincere thanks to all of the CBS staff who contributed to this booklet. Prof. Danny Pfeffermann The National Statistician

Jerusalem 2017

INTRODUCTIONABOUT THE CBSThe CBS was established several months after the establishment of the State of Israel, and is an independent unit affiliated with the Prime Minister’s Office.The CBS was established as a direct continuation of the activities of the statistics departments of

the British Mandate government, and the activities of the Jewish Agency for Israel, which operated during the Mandate period.The Central Bureau of Statistics is headed by the National Statistician, who is also the director of the CBS.The professional and scientific work of the CBS is supported by the Public Advisory Council for Statistics.The CBS operates according to the Statistics Ordinance (new version) 1972. The Statistics Ordinance delineates the functions of the CBS, its mode of operation, the obligation of the public to provide information to the CBS, the obligation of the CBS to keep the information confidential, and the obligation of the CBS to publish the results of its work.The mission of the CBS is to provide updated, high quality and independent statistical information to a wide variety of users in Israel and abroad.The target audience of the CBS includes the Knesset, the government, local authorities, international organizations, research institutions, businesses, the media, students, and the general public. The Principles Guiding the Work of the CBS

Acts by legal authority to collect and disseminate official data on the society and economy of Israel.

Is sovereign and independent. Leads the national statistical system. Provides information that addresses the needs of a wide variety of users. Seeks to broaden the use of statistical data. Produces statistical information while scrupulously ensuring its high quality. Works towards continuously improving the quality of data and the

processes of data production. Works towards the enrichment of the organization’s human capital, and

towards the continuous improvement of its organizational and technological infrastructure.

Works towards reducing the public’s response burden, and achieving the cooperation of data providers.

Adheres to the principles of protecting the confidentiality of the data collected.

The right information - at the right tim

e!

VISION OF THE CBS

2

Declaration of Independence: 14 May 1948.

State emblem:The official emblem of the State of Israel is the Menorah – a candelabrum, whose shape is derived from the sage plant (Moria). In certain species of the plant, the leaves branch out in a way that resembles the candelabrum that stood in the Holy Temple in ancient Jerusalem. The Menora appearing in the state emblem is similar to the one carved on the Arch of Titus in Rome. It is flanked by two olive branches that symbolize Israel’s longing for peace.

Official languages: Hebrew, Arabic.

Currency: The Israeli currency is the New Israeli Sheqel (NIS), which is divided into 100 agorot (as of January 1986).

Capital city: Jerusalem.

The Proclamation of Independence (selected excerpts):“…The State of Israel will be open for Jewish immigration and for the Ingathering of the Exiles; it will foster the development of the country for the benefit of all its inhabitants; it will be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel; it will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex; it will guarantee freedom of religion, conscience, language, education and culture; it will safeguard the Holy Places of all religions… We extend our hand to all neighbouring states and their peoples in an offer of peace and good neighbourliness, and appeal to them to establish bonds of cooperation and mutual help with the sovereign Jewish people settled in its own land…”

Governing system: Democratic - parliamentary.

The legislative branch is the Knesset (the Parliament of the State of Israel). It is located in Jerusalem, and has 120 members. The present Knesset is the 20th in number, and the elections for this Knesset were held on 17 March 2015.The Knesset has parliamentary sovereignty, and enacts legislation on every issue.

The executive branch includes the government and government ministries.

The judiciary includes the system of courts: the Supreme Court, the District Court, Magistrates Court, Court for Local Affairs, Religious Court, Traffic Court, Labour Court, Juvenile Court, etc.

President: The Knesset elects the President every seven years, and his main duties are representational. The first President: Dr. Chaim Weizmann, sworn into office on 16 February 1949.The incumbent President: Reuven "Rubi" Rivlin, the tenth president of Israel, sworn into office on 24 July 2014.The Prime Minister: The first Prime Minister was David Ben-Gurion. The first government was established on 8 March 1949.The incumbent Prime Minister: Binyamin Netanyahu, has been in office since 31 March 2009.Local authorities: Municipalities, local councils, and regional councils. These authorities have governmental and administrative powers in their areas of jurisdiction, and are responsible for provision of services to their constituencies.

THE STATE OF ISRAEL

Prickly sage

3

THE STATE OF ISRAEL (CONTINUED)

Location: The State of Israel is located on the southwest tip of the Asian continent, on the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The State of Israel lies at a latitude between 29° and the 33° north of the Equator.

Area: 22,072 sq. km. (as of 1967 including East Jerusalem and as of 1982 including the Golan Heights ).

Land area: 21,643 sq. km. Area of lakes: 429 sq. km. (Sea of Galilee – 164 sq. km., the Dead Sea - 265 sq. km.)Land border: Total length of border: 857 km.Coastline: Length of Mediterranean Sea Coast 194 km. Length of Red Sea Coast about 12 km.

Lowest point: The Dead Sea - 429 m. below sea level.Highest point: Mount Hermon - 2,224 m.The only river in Israel: The Jordan River, approximately 250 km.Main streams: Alexander, Habesor, Hayarqon, Haqishon, Hadera, Kziv, Lakhish, Shiqma, Soreq, and Tanninim.Natural resources: Raw materials for construction of buildings and roads: gravel and

stone, sand, kurkar, clay, limestone, gypsum, and tuff. Raw materials for manufacturing: potash, bromine, magnesium, salt, phosphates, sand, clay, and limestone. Energy sources: natural gas, oil shales.

State of Israel,by District

Jerusalem District

Northern District

Haifa District

Central District

Tel Aviv District

Southern District

State of Israel,by District

Jerusalem District

Northern District

Haifa District

Central District

Tel Aviv District

Southern District

Area, Population and Population Density, by District, End of 2015District Area (sq. km.) Population(1) Population density

(persons per sq. km. of land)(2)

Total 21,643(3) 8,463,400 373.2

Jerusalem 3.0% 12.5% 1,620.3

Northern 20.7% 16.3% 308.6

Haifa 4.0% 11.6% 1,133.2

Central 6.0% 24.5% 1,600.8

Tel Aviv 0.8% 16.2% 7,957.9

Southern 65.5% 14.4% 85.8

(1) 4.6% of the total population lives in Israeli localities in the Judea and Samaria Area.(2) Excluding Israeli localities in the Judea and Samaria Area.(3) Not including area of lakes.

Urban Localities (100,000 residents and more), End of 2015

Name of locality

Number of residents

1 Jerusalem 865,700

2 Tel Aviv-Yafo 432,900

3 Haifa 278,900

4 Rishon LeZiyyon 244,000

5 Petah Tiqwa 231,000

6 Ashdod 220,200

7 Netanya 207,900

8 Be’er Sheva 203,600

9 Holon 188,800

10 Bene Beraq 182,800

11 Ramat Gan 152,600

12 Rehovot 132,700

13 Ashqelon 130,700

14 Bat Yam 128,900

15 Bet Shemesh 103,900

4

Crime and JusticeJudges in the Supreme Court 15Judges in district courts 193Judges in magistrates’ courts 428Judges in labour tribunals 63Judges in Rabbinical courts 97

Licenced lawyers 60,132

Israel police (list of employees) 28,624Prison wardens (list of employees) 8,810Files opened by the police 341,778

Population

Population - Total (end of year) 8,463,400

Males 4,195,200

Females 4,268,200

Selected age groups

0-14 28.3%

65+ 11.1%

Percentage of annual population growth

2.0%

Percentage of natural increase out of the total

80.2%

Urban population 91.2%

Vital Statistics

Crude marriage rate (2014) 6.2

Median marriage age(1st marriage) - grooms (2014)

27.3

Median marriage age (1st marriage) - brides (2014)

24.5

Live births 178,723

Crude birth rate 21.3

Total fertility rate 3.09

Deaths 44,457

Crude mortality rate 5.3

Infant mortality rate 3.1

Life expectancy – males 80.1

Life expectancy – females 84.1

2015, unless otherwise stated

HouseholdsNo. of households 2,411,700

Average no. of persons per household

3.32

One-person households 18.2%

FamiliesNumber of families 1,958,100

Average no. of persons per family 3.72

Standard of Living2014

Total monthly consumption expenditure per household (NIS)

15,053

Total 100.0%Food 16.2%Housing 24.5%Dwelling and household maintenance 9.6%Furniture and household equipment 3.9%Clothing and footwear 3.3%Health 5.9%Education, culture and entertainment 12.1%Transport and communications 19.8%Miscellaneous goods and services 4.7%Gross monthly money income per household (NIS)

18,329

Total 100.0%From work 77.4%From capital 4.3%From pension and provident funds 7.1%From allowances and assistance 11.1%Ownership of durable goods per household

Percentage of all households

Air conditioner 86.6%Clothes dryer 40.9%Computer 81.3%Internet subscription 72.1%Dishwasher 39.5%Freezer 22.4%Two cars or more 23.9%

Health Beds in hospitals 44,715

Thereof: Beds for general care 15,487

Beds per 1,000 residents 5.3

Thereof: Percentage of beds for general care

1.8

Hospitalization days 15,228,300

Thereof: General hospitalization days 5,274,500

Hospitalization days per 1,000 residents 1,817

Thereof: Rate of general hospitalization

629

Physicians (up to age 65)(1) 26,029

Physicians (up to age 65) per 1,000 residents(1)

3.08

(1) Licensed physicians (even those not practicing medicine).

EducationStudents – total 2,580,206Total 100.0%Pre-primary education(1) 20.0%Primary education 38.2%Secondary education (lower and upper) 26.8%Schools for apprentices under the supervision of the Ministry of Economy and Industry

0.5%

Non-academic post-secondary institutions 2.4%Academic colleges 3.8%Colleges of education 1.4%Universities 5.1%The Open University 1.8%Teaching staff – total(2) 160,565Pre-primary education (kindergarten teachers in formal education)(1)

16,404

Primary education 79,514Lower secondary education 33,492Upper secondary education 46,492

(1) Children in institutions supervised by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Economy and Industry.(2) A teacher who teaches at more than one level is counted separately at each level, but only once in the total.

CultureCommercial movie theaters (incl. cinematheques) 50Tickets sold 16,125,081

2014Visits to museums 6,702,125 Thereof: Jerusalem District 2,331,733 Tel Aviv District 1,906,860 Haifa District 862,581Books and booklets published 8,867

KEY FIGURES

5

2015, unless otherwise stated

National AccountsGross Domestic Product (percentage of change compared with previous year)

2.5

Gross Domestic Product - in international prices - (Purchasing Power Parities - PPP) - billions of $

300.3

Gross Domestic Product per capita - in international prices – (Purchasing Power Parities - PPP) - thousands of $

35.8

Fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1Government consumption (% of GDP) 22.3Government liabilities (% of GDP) 62.6

International AccountsCurrent account (% of GDP) 4.6Current account excl. direct defence imports (% of GDP)

5.6

Israel’s external liabilities (millions of $)

284,869

Israel’s external assets (millions of $)

353,410

Imports of goods and services (millions of $)

82,970

Exports of goods and services (millions of $) 91,976

EnergyFinal consumption of electricity (Million Kilowatt Hour) 55,143

Prices(% change compared with previous year)

Consumer Price Index -1.0Price Index of Inputs in Residential Building 0.9Price Index of Manufacturing Output -7.1

ConstructionArea of building completed (sq. m.) 11,550,000Area of building begun (sq. m.) 12,230,000No. of dwellings – building completed 43,670No. of dwellings – building begun 50,330Construction and widening of roads - completed (km.) (2014)

556

Construction and widening of roads - begun (km.) (2014)

463

AgricultureAgricultural area (thousand dunams) 3,060

Total agricultural output (NIS billion) 29.5

Manufacturing; Mining and Quarrying (% change compared with previous year)

Manufacturing; Mining and quarrying – grand total

2.3

Mining and quarrying – total -0.1Manufacturing – total 2.5Food products 1.4Beverages and tobacco products 2.3Textiles 0.5Wearing apparel -1.2Manufacture and processing of leather and related products

4.9

Weed, cork and straw products, except furniture

6.2

Paper and paper products 13.0Printing and reproduction of recorded media

-1.0

Refined petroleum products, chemicals and chemical products

1.7

Pharmaceutical products, including homeopathic preparations

19.0

Rubber and plastics products -0.4Other non-metallic mineral products 5.1Basic metals -0.6Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

1.0

Computers, electronic and optical products -5.5Electrical equipment 3.3Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 1.6Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers -4.5Other transport equipment 8.1Furniture 4.7Other manufacturing -0.7Repair and installation of machinery and equipment

1.2

TransportLicenced to drive 4,019,565Kilometers traveled – millions of kilometers a year

54,820

Private vehicles 2,583,175Trucks and commercial vehicles 322,561Buses 18,788Railway: Passengers 52,811,238 Freight (tons) 7,501,048Air transport: passengers 15,717,300Movement of Aircrafts 106,237Road Accidents(1)

Road accidents with casualties 12,122Casualties in road accidents 22,164 Thereof: killed 322

(1) Excluding the Judea and Samaria Area.

Tourism and Tourist HotelsDepartures of Israelis 5,891,100Returns of Israelis 5,852,200Visitor arrivals 3,108,600Tourist hotels 374Rooms in tourist hotels 50,607Person-nights in tourist hotels 21,686,200Tourist person-nights as a percentage of all person-nights

38%

Room occupancy 61%

KEY FIGURES (CONTINUED)

EnvironmentSolid household and commercial waste (millions of tons)

5.1

Emissions of greenhouse gases(millions of tons, in CO2 equivalent) (2014)

76

Average salinity in Coastal Aquifer (mg cl/l) 227Average salinity in the Sea of Galilee (mg cl/l) 271Recycling of solid waste in local authorities 20%

Labour and Wages Population aged 15+ - Total 6,000,100

Labour force 3,845,700

Labour force, out of total aged 15+ 64.1%

Males 69.3%

Females 59.1%Employed persons out of total aged 15+

60.7%

Unemployed persons out of total Labour force

5.3%

Average wage per employee job (NIS) 9,576

Communications (2014)Households with internet subscription 72.1%

Households with at least one mobile phone

96.1%

6

Israel is on a “climatic crossroad”, which is a transitional area between a temperate and arid climate.The southern and eastern areas of Israel are characterized by an arid climate, while the other areas are characterized by a Mediterranean climate.Due to this climatic formation, there is high variability in the amount of precipitation from year to year, and in the different areas of the country. The source of data on the climate of Israel is the Meteorological Service.

Precipitation

Multi-annual average (1981-2010) 2014/2015 rain-year

Station Precipitation (mm)

No. of rain-days per year (with more than 1

mm. per day)

Precipitation (mm)

No. of rain-days per year (with more than 1

mm. per day)Jerusalem (Center) 537 43 649 43

Tel Aviv (Kiryat Shaul) 583 45 663 47

Haifa (Port) 539 48 725 53

Zefat (Har Kena'an) 671 55 695 59

Be’er Sheva (Negev Institute) 195 27 249 27

Elat 22 4 9 3

The largest amount of rain in the 2014/15 rain-year was recorded at Bet Jann - 1,018 mm.The smallest amount of rain in the 2014/15 rain-year was recorded in Elat - 9 mm.

Temperatures (°C)Multi-annual average

1995 – 2009 1981-2000

StationMonthly average min/max daily temperature No. of days per year

with temperatureJanuary JulyMinimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Above 30° Below 10°

Jerusalem (Center) 6.9 12.8 20.2 30.0 44 116Tel Aviv (Western coast) 10.2 17.6 24.2 29.9 41 52Haifa (Technion) 9.5 15.5 22.6 28.5 87 67Zefat (Har Kena'an) 5.1 10.2 19.9 30.7 51 146Beer-Sheva (Negev Institute) 7.1 17.7 21.3 34.7 126 102Elat 10.4 21.3 27.3 40.4 202 44

The highest temperature recorded in 2015: 49.3°C in Gilgal (2 August 2015).The lowest temperature recorded in 2015: -14.2°C in Merom Golan (10 January 2015).

CLIMATEDid you know?The highest temperature ever recorded in Israel was 54°C. This temperature was recorded in Tirat Zvi on 21 June 1942.The lowest temperature ever recorded in Israel was -14.2°C. This temperature was recorded in Merom Golan on 10 January 2015.

Volume of precipitation: The total amount of rain that fell during every rain year in the area of the State of Israel (excluding Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Area) in billions of cubic meters. A substantial portion of the precipitation evaporates or flows into the sea, and only a small amount reaches the ground water and upper aquifers.

אקלים

02468

1012

1989

/90

1994

/95

1999

/00

2004

/05

2009

/10

2014

/15Bill

ions

of c

ubic

met

ers

Rain year (1 August to 31 July)

Volume of Precipitation

6

PrecipitationMulti-annual averages

1981-2010

Amount ofprecipitation in mm

1-100

101-250

251-450

451-650

651-850

851-1,100

1,101-1,400

The map includes information on theJudea and Samaria Area as well.Source of data layer: Israel Meteorological Service.

PrecipitationMulti-annual averages

1981-2010

Amount ofprecipitation in mm

1-100

101-250

251-450

451-650

651-850

851-1,100

1,101-1,400

The map includes information on theJudea and Samaria Area as well.Source of data layer: Israel Meteorological Service.

7

On 31 December 2015, the population of Israel numbered about 8.5 million inhabitants. The population of Israel comprises the following groups: Jews and others 79.2% Total 100.0% Jews 94.5% Non-Arab Christians 0.5% Not classified by religion 5.0%

Arabs 20.8% Total 100.0% Moslems 84.7% Arab-Christians 7.4% Druze 7.8%The population data are based on the last population Census (2008), and on records of vital statistics in the Population Register (births, deaths, changes of address, marriages, divorces, etc.).Population growth derives from natural increase (births less deaths) and from the migration balance (immigration less emigration).The share of immigration in population growth has changed over the years. The large waves of immigration were between 1948 and 1951 (about 688,000 immigrants), and in the 1990s (about one million immigrants).

Did you know?44% of all Jews in the world live in Israel. About 11% of the Israeli population (about 938,900 persons) are 65 and older. 56% of them are women. POPULATION

Population of Israel, End of 2015

Total Jews and others ArabsTotal Thereof: Jews

Population - Total(1) 8,463,400 6,705,600 6,334,500 1,757,800 Males 4,195,200 3,306,400 3,136,600 888,800 Females 4,268,200 3,399,200 3,198,000 869,000Percentage of annual population growth 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.2

Percentage of population aged 0-18 34.6 32.4 32.9 42.9Percentage of population aged 19-64 54.3 54.8 54.1 52.7Percentage of population aged 65+ 11.1 12.8 13.0 4.4Percentage of urban population(localities with 2,000 residents and more) 91.2 90.3 90.0 94.5

Percentage of population:Jerusalem District 12.5 10.8 11.1 19.1Northern District 16.3 9.5 9.4 42.1Haifa District 11.6 10.9 10.6 14.3Central District 24.5 28.4 28.7 9.6Tel Aviv District 16.2 20.1 20.1 1.1Southern District 14.4 14.6 14.1 13.7

(1) 4.6% of the total population resides in Israeli localities in the Judea and Samaria Area.

אוכלוסייה

0

20

40

60

80

100

1948-1960

1961-1971

1972-1982

1983-1989

1990-1995

1996-2000

2001-2008

2009-2011

2012 2013 2014 2015

Per

cent

ages

Sources of Population Growth

Natural increase Migration balance

0

20

40

60

80

100

1955 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2025 2035

Per

cent

ages

Population Projections, by Age

0-14 15-64 +65

7

אוכלוסייה

0

20

40

60

80

100

1948-1960

1961-1971

1972-1982

1983-1989

1990-1995

1996-2000

2001-2008

2009-2011

2012 2013 2014 2015

Per

cent

ages

Sources of Population Growth

Natural increase Migration balance

0

20

40

60

80

100

1955 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2025 2035

Per

cent

ages

Population Projections, by Age

0-14 15-64 +65

7

Population Density, by Natural Regions

2015


2015

0.0-99.9

100.0-249.9

250.0-499.9

500.0-999.9

1,000.0-2,999.9

3,000.0-5,999.9

6,000.0-10,999.9

Persons per sq. Km


2015

0.0-99.9

100.0-249.9

250.0-499.9

500.0-999.9

1,000.0-2,999.9

3,000.0-5,999.9

6,000.0-10,999.9

Persons per sq. Km

8

Vital statistics include births, deaths, marriages, and divorces. The data are obtained from forms that the various authorities are required by law to fill out for the purpose of updating the Population Register (notification of live birth, notification of death, marriage certificate, or divorce certificate).

Total Jews and others Arabs(1)

Total Thereof: Jews

Live births (in 2015) 178,723 137,707 132,220 41,016

Crude birth rate (births per 1,000 persons in the average population)

21.3 20.7 21.1 23.6

Total fertility rate (average number of children a woman is expected to bear during her lifetime)

3.09 3.04 3.13 3.13

Deaths (in 2015) 44,457 39,365 37,793 5,092

Crude mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 persons in the average population)

5.3 5.9 6.0 2.9

Infant mortality rate(infant mortality per 1,000 live births)

3.1 2.1 2.1 6.4

Life expectancy at birth (in 2015)Males 80.1 80.7 80.9 76.9

Females 84.1 84.5 84.5 81.1

Couples who married (in 2014) 50,797 . . 36,900 11,878

Crude marriage rate (marriages per 1,000 persons in the average population)

6.2 . . 6.0 8.3

Median marriage age (1st marriage)

Males 27.3 . . 27.7 25.9

Females 24.5 . . 25.7 21.3

Couples who divorced (in 2014) 14,430 . . 11,435 2,101

Crude divorce rate (divorces per 1,000 persons in the average population)

1.8 . . 1.9 1.5

. . Unknown data.(1) The data on marriage and divorce relate to Moslems only.

VITAL STATISTICS

LIVE BIRTHS, DEATHS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, MARRIAGES AND DIVORCES

תנועה טבעית

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Yea

rs o

f life

Life Expectancy at Birth,by Sex

Females Males

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Chi

ldre

n pe

r wom

an

Total Fertility Rate

8

9

IMMIGRATION TO ISRAEL

From the establishment of the State of Israel to the end of 2015, about 3.2 million immigrants arrived in Israel. Of those, one-third were born in Asia-Africa, and two-thirds were born in Europe-America (incl. Oceanea).

About 57% of the immigrants from Europe-America were born in the former USSR.

In 2015, about 27,900 immigrants arrived in Israel (approximately 47% were aged 15-44). In 2015, about 52% of the immigrants were women.

IMMIGRATIONImmigrants, by Country of Birth

1948-2015Country of birth

Total - absolute numbers 3,177,644

- percentages 100.0%Thereof:Former USSR 39.6Romania 8.7Morocco 8.6Poland 5.5Iraq 4.1United States 3.2Ethiopia 2.8Iran 2.4Turkey 2.0

ISRAELIS WHO STAYED ABROAD CONTINUOUSLY FOR A YEAR OR MOREIn 2014, about 15,700 Israelis went abroad and stayed there continuously for over a year. Of those, about 8,300 were born abroad.In 2014, about 8,900 Israelis returned from abroad after a continuous stay of over a year.The migration balance of Israelis who departed and returned in 2014 was negative, and amounted to about 6,800 Israelis.The migration balance rate of Israelis was about 0.8 Israelis per 1,000 residents.

WORK MIGRATIONIn 2015, 42,600 foreign workers with a work visa entered Israel, and 38,200 left the country. Most of the foreign workers arrived from Thailand, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, the Philippines and India. The data were obtained from the file of arrivals and departures at the Ministry of Interior.

Did you know?About 40% of all immigrants in 1948-2015 were born in the

former USSR.

Arrivals and Departures of Persons with a Work Visa, by Selected Countries of Citizenship

Arrived Departed

2014 2015 2014 2015

Absolute numbers 38,200 42,605 34,300 38,600

Thereof:

Percentages

Thailand 19.4 16.0 19.8 18.4

Philippines 14.9 15.7 16.3 14.8

Former USSR 19.4 21.8 17.2 19.2

India 13.1 12.9 9.6 10.1

China 6.3 6.1 7.9 6.7

Nepal 3.4 2.6 5.0 4.1Sri Lanka 6.0 5.4 5.5 5.2

עלייה

0

20

40

60

80

100

1980 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2015

Per

cent

ages

Immigrants, by Year of Immigration and Last Continent of Residence

Asia-Africa Europe-America and Oceania

9

10

Household: One person or a group of persons living together in one dwelling on a permanent basis most of the week, who have a common expense budget for food.

A household may include persons who are not a family.

Family household: A household that contains at least one family.

Non-family household: Includes one person only or a group of persons who are not a family.

Family: A family is defined as two persons or more who share the same household and are usually related to one another as husband and wife, as an unmarried couple, or as a parent and child. The most common type of family is a couple with children (about 63%).

Today, the structure of households and families is more diverse than in the past, as a result of changing demographic, social, and economic trends in society.

The structure of the households and families is influenced by a variety of factors, some of which are presented below:

In recent years, more young people have been delaying marriage. Some live alone or with a roommate, and others cohabit with their partners.

Age at marriage and age at birth of first child have risen, as have divorce rates. Consequently, there has been an increase in the number of single-parent families.

Increased life expectancy has led to a rise in the proportion of elderly persons in the population, many of whom live alone.

The number of households in 2015 was 2,411,700, and the average household size was 3.32 persons.

79% of the households had at least one employed person.

2,016,000 households had at least one person of working age – between age 15 and retirement age. Of those households, 91% were households with employed persons.

In 84.8% of the single-parent households (with children aged 0-17), there was at least one employed person.

Source of the data: Labour Force Survey.

HOUSEHOLDS & FAMILIES

Households, by Type of Household, 2015Total 2,411,700

Total - percentages 100.0

Family households 79.9

One family 75.2

One family with others 2.4

Two or more families 2.3

Non-family households 20.1

Thereof: One-person households 18.2

Families, by Type of Family, 2015

Total 1,985,100

Total - percentages 100.0

Thereof:

Couple without children 24.1

Couple with children 62.9

Youngest child aged: up to 17 49.0

Youngest child aged: 18+ 13.9

Single parent 12.3

Youngest child aged: up to 17 5.9

Youngest child aged: 18+ 6.4

Did you know?About 8% of children up to age 17 live with a single parent.

משקי בית ומשפחה

020406080

100

Total 1 2 3 4 5 +6

Per

cent

ages

Households with Children Aged 0-17, by Labour Force Characteristics of

Household Members and Number of Children in Household

2015

Households without employed personsHouseholds with employed persons

0 1 2 3 4

MexicoTurkey

IsraelSouth Korea

SlovakiaPolandIreland

Chile(1)New Zealand

PortugalIceland

AustraliaUnited States

SpainCanada

JapanSlovenia

LuxembourgGreece

BelgiumUnited Kingdom

ItalyHungary

Czech RepublicNorway

NetherlandsFranceEstoniaAustria

SwitzerlandFinland

DenmarkSweden

Germany

Average number of persons per household

Average Number of Persons per Householdin Selected OECD* Countries

2014

* Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development.(1) Data for 2009.Source: Eurostat.

10


020406080

100

Total 1 2 3 4 5 +6

Per

cent

ages



2015


0 1 2 3 4

MexicoTurkey

IsraelSouth Korea


Chile(1)New Zealand

PortugalIceland


SpainCanada

JapanSlovenia

LuxembourgGreece


ItalyHungary



SwitzerlandFinland

DenmarkSweden

Germany



2014


10


020406080

100

Total 1 2 3 4 5 +6

Per

cent

ages



2015


0 1 2 3 4

MexicoTurkey

IsraelSouth Korea


Chile(1)New Zealand

PortugalIceland


SpainCanada

JapanSlovenia

LuxembourgGreece


ItalyHungary



SwitzerlandFinland

DenmarkSweden

Germany



2014


10

11

STANDARD OF LIVINGStandard of living is measured on the basis of the current Household Expenditure Survey, conducted among the overall population of Israel. The Household Expenditure Survey measures the total expenditures of households on goods and services, ownership of durable goods, ownership of dwellings, and total income. The income of households is measured out of all sources of income: work, allowances, subsidies, pension, and capital. The Household Expenditure Survey is the basis for determining the weights for the basket of the Consumer Price Index, as well as the basis for measuring poverty in Israel. The survey is a boundless source of information that can be used in formulating social and economic policies in Israel as well as in academic research and research in the business sector.

HOUSEHOLDS & FAMILIES (CONTINUED)

Housing Conditions, by Quintiles of Net Income Per Standard Person, 2014

QuintilesTotal Top Fourth Third Second Bottom

Living in owned dwellings

Percent living in owned dwelling 67.3 82.3 75.8 70.6 63.5 44.1

No. of residential rooms in dwelling 4.2 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.4

Average no. of persons in household 3.5 2.8 3.3 3.4 3.8 5.1

Living in rented dwellings

Percent living in rented dwelling 27.4 14.6 19.2 24.8 30.3 48.2

No. of residential rooms in dwelling 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9

Average no. of persons in household 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.9

משקי בית, רמת חיים

Food13.1%

Vegetables and fruit

3.1%Housing24.5%

Dwelling and household

maintenance9.6%

Furniture and

household equipment

3.9%

Clothing and footwear

3.3%

Health5.9%

Education, culture and

enter-tainment12.1%

Transport and commu-

nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%

Consumption Expenditure of Households2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Per

cent

ages

The Share of Selected Consumption Groups in Household Expenditures

Transport and communicationsFood (incl. vegetables and fruit)Clothing and footwear

Food13.1%


3.1%Housing24.5%


maintenance9.6%

Furniture and household equipment

3.9%


3.3%

Health5.9%


enter-tainment12.1%


nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%


0

20

40

60

80

100

One person One adultwith children

Two adultswithoutchildren

Two adultswith children

Per

cent

ages

Ownership of Durable Goods,by Type of Household

2014

Cable or satellitetelevision subscriptionAt least one cell phone

At least one car

Computer

Internet subscription

Child - aged 0-17Adult - 18 and older

05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,000

Bottom Second Third Fourth Top

NIS

Quintiles

Monthly Income in Quintiles of Households, by Net Money Income per Standard Person

2014

Net money income per householdGross money income per household

11


Food13.1%


3.1%Housing24.5%


maintenance9.6%

Furniture and

household equipment

3.9%


3.3%

Health5.9%


enter-tainment12.1%


nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%


0

5

10

15

20

25

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Per

cent

ages



Food13.1%


3.1%Housing24.5%


maintenance9.6%


3.9%


3.3%

Health5.9%


enter-tainment12.1%


nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%


0

20

40

60

80

100




Per

cent

ages


2014


At least one car

Computer



05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,000


NIS

Quintiles


2014


11


Food13.1%


3.1%Housing24.5%


maintenance9.6%

Furniture and

household equipment

3.9%


3.3%

Health5.9%


enter-tainment12.1%


nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%


0

5

10

15

20

2519

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

14

Per

cent

ages



Food13.1%


3.1%Housing24.5%


maintenance9.6%


3.9%


3.3%

Health5.9%


enter-tainment12.1%


nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%


0

20

40

60

80

100




Per

cent

ages


2014


At least one car

Computer



05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,000


NIS

Quintiles


2014


11


Food13.1%


3.1%Housing24.5%


maintenance9.6%

Furniture and

household equipment

3.9%


3.3%

Health5.9%


enter-tainment12.1%


nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%


0

5

10

15

20

25

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Per

cent

ages



Food13.1%


3.1%Housing24.5%


maintenance9.6%


3.9%


3.3%

Health5.9%


enter-tainment12.1%


nications19.8%

Miscel-laneous

goods and services

4.7%


0

20

40

60

80

100




Per

cent

ages


2014


At least one car

Computer



05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,000


NIS

Quintiles


2014


11

12

In January 1995 the State Health Insurance Law took effect. On the basis of this law, the state is responsible for providing health insurance to all residents which includes a uniform basket of health services that the sick funds are obligated to provide to their clients. In addition, the law mandates a basket of medications that every resident of Israel is entitled to receive. The law enables everyone, including elderly and chronically ill persons, to transfer membership between the sick funds.Citizens of Israel pay a progressive health tax to the National Insurance Institute, according to income. Responsibility for provision of services is divided among the sick funds and the Ministry of Health.

Health services include: public clinics and preventive medicine, hospitals and research, dental care, private physicians and government administration.

HEALTHDid you know?

The first sick fund in Israel was established by the Histadrut in 1912.

The national expenditure on health in 2015 was about NIS 87.4 billion, by operating sector:

32.3% sick funds57.5% market producers (including all general

hospitals in the economy)5.7% government, local authorities, the National Insurance

Institute and national institutions4.5% private non-profit institutions.

The rate of hospitalization days in general care declined by 39% from the mid-1970s to 2013. In psychiatric care, the rate of hospitalization days declined by 83%, and in long-term care and rehabilitation, the rate of hospitalization days increased by a factor of 2.6 during that period.The main causes of death in 2014 were malignant neoplasms (25.9% of all deaths), heart diseases (14.9%), cerebrovascular disease (5.6%), Diabetes mellitus (5.6%), respiratory infections (5.6%), and deaths due to external causes (not related to disease) (4.2%). From the mid-1970s to 2013, the age-standardized mortality rates from heart disease and cerebrovascular disease dropped by 80%, and from malignant neoplasms by approximately 17%.AIDS cases: At the end of 2015, 615 AIDS patients lived in Israel.Persons diagnosed with HIV: By the end of 2015, 7,279 HIV carriers were identified in Israel.

בריאות

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 +75

Rat

es p

er10

0,00

0 re

side

nts

גיל

New Cases of Malignant Neoplasms, by Sex and Age

2013

Males Females

0

20

40

60

80

100

General care Psychiatriccare

Long-termcare

Per

cent

ages

Bed Occupancy in Hospitals,by Type of Bed

2015

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

NIS

bill

ions

National Expenditure on Healthat 2010 Prices

0369

121518

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Fran

ce

Sw

eden

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Finl

and

Japa

n

Isra

el

Pol

and

Est

onia

Per

cent

age

of G

DP

National Expenditure on Healthin Selected OECD Countries

2014

12

בריאות

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 +75

Rat

es p

er10

0,00

0 re

side

nts

גיל


2013

Males Females

0

20

40

60

80

100


Long-termcare

Per

cent

ages


2015

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

NIS

bill

ions


0369

121518

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Fran

ce

Sw

eden

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Finl

and

Japa

n

Isra

el

Pol

and

Est

onia

Per

cent

age

of G

DP


2014

12

בריאות

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 +75

Rat

es p

er10

0,00

0 re

side

nts

גיל


2013

Males Females

0

20

40

60

80

100


Long-termcare

Perc

enta

ges


2015

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

NIS

billi

ons


0369

121518

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Fran

ce

Swed

en

Can

ada

Uni

ted

King

dom

Finl

and

Japa

n

Isra

el

Pola

nd

Esto

niaPe

rcen

tage

of G

DP


2014

12

בריאות

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 +75

Rat

es p

er10

0,00

0 re

side

nts

גיל


2013

Males Females

0

20

40

60

80

100


Long-termcare

Per

cent

ages


2015

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

NIS

bill

ions


0369

121518

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Fran

ce

Sw

eden

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Finl

and

Japa

n

Isra

el

Pol

and

Est

onia

Per

cent

age

of G

DP


2014

12

13

The Social Survey is a current annual survey, which has been conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics since 2002. The purpose of the survey is to provide up-to-date information on various aspects relating to the de-jure population of Israel, and on the living conditions of that population. The Survey is based on a sample of persons aged 20 and over. The survey questionnaire consists of two parts: The first part is the permanent core, which contains questions on various aspects of life such as health, housing, employment, education, financial situation, use of computers, religion and religiosity, family relationships, leisure, etc.

The second part of the survey is a variable module, which focuses each year on a comprehensive examination of one or two topics. In 2015, the following topics were examined: attitudes toward government services, and civil involvement. Specifically, the survey examined public satisfaction with the functioning of government services – health services, the education system, local authorities, public transportation, and other services. In addition, the survey examined different types of citizen involvement, the extent to which citizens trust public institutions, and the extent to which they feel they are discriminated against.

SOCIETYDid you know?

In 2015, 31% of the population felt they are discriminated against due to gender, age, ethnicity, or religion.

חברה

0102030405060

Very good Good Not sogood

Not goodat all

Per

cent

ages

Self Assessment of Health, by Sex2015

Females Males

Up to 9 hours38.1%

10 hours and more

40.4%

Not per-manent or one-

time17.6%

Unknown3.9%

Volunteer Activity during the 12 Months Preceding the Interview,

by Number of Hours a Month 2015

21% of the total population aged 20 and over engage in volunteer activity.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Feel lonelyoften or

sometimes

Have no oneto turn to at

times of crisis

No contactwith friends

Per

cent

ages

Sense of Loneliness, by Sex2015

Females Males

13

חברה

0102030405060


Not goodat all

Per

cent

ages


Females Males

Up to 9 hours38.1%

10 hours and more

40.4%


time17.6%

Unknown3.9%




0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Feel lonelyoften or

sometimes


times of crisis


Per

cent

ages


Females Males

13

חברה

0102030405060


Not goodat all

Perc

enta

ges


Females Males

Up to 9 hours38.1%

10 hours and more

40.4%


time17.6%

Unknown3.9%




0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Feel lonelyoften or

sometimes


times of crisis


Perc

enta

ges


Females Males

13

חברה

0

10

20

30

40

50

Ultra-Orthodox

Religious Traditional Secular

Perc

enta

ges

Self-Definition of Religiosity among Jews2015

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Very religious Religious Not soreligious

Not religious

Perc

enta

ges

Self-Definition of Religiosity among Arabs2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Educ

atio

nsy

stem

Heal

th s

yste

m

Natio

nal

Insu

ranc

eIn

stitu

te

Polic

e

Publ

ictra

nspo

rtatio

n

Loca

l aut

horit

ies

Wel

fare

serv

ices

Cour

ts

Tax

auth

oritie

s

Popu

latio

n an

dIm

mig

ratio

nAu

thor

ity

Perc

enta

ges

Aged 20 and Over, by the Public Institution or Service They Feel is in Most Urgent Need of Improvement

2015

13

חברה

0

10

20

30

40

50

Ultra-Orthodox


Perc

enta

ges


0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Not religious

Perc

enta

ges


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Educ

atio

nsy

stem

Heal

th s

yste

m

Natio

nal

Insu

ranc

eIn

stitu

te

Polic

e

Publ

ictra

nspo

rtatio

n

Loca

l aut

horit

ies

Wel

fare

serv

ices

Cour

ts

Tax

auth

oritie

s

Popu

latio

n an

dIm

mig

ratio

nAu

thor

ity

Perc

enta

ges


2015

13

חברה

0

10

20

30

40

50

Ultra-Orthodox


Perc

enta

ges


0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Not religious

Perc

enta

ges


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Educ

atio

nsy

stem

Hea

lth s

yste

m

Nat

iona

lIn

sura

nce

Inst

itute

Polic

e

Publ

ictra

nspo

rtatio

n

Loca

l aut

horit

ies

Wel

fare

serv

ices

Cou

rts

Tax

auth

oriti

es

Popu

latio

n an

dIm

mig

ratio

nAu

thor

ity

Perc

enta

ges


2015

13

14

WELFARE SERVICES

The Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services provides most of the services to its target populations through social service departments (welfare bureaus).

Information on persons registered at a department of social services relates to anyone who is registered, whether or not they have been defined as needing those services (clients and non-client family members).

Need of intervention refers to the reason why the individual applied to the social service department.

In 2015, 1,309,235 persons were registered at social service departments. The rate of persons registered at these departments was 154.7 per 1,000 in the population.

In that year, there were 914,578 individuals with a defined need of intervention (registered with a personal need); they comprised 69.9% of all persons registered.

Source of the data: Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services.

WELFARE

Registered at Social Service Departments, 2015 Rate of registeredper 1,000 persons

Percentage of total population (end of 2015)

Registered at social services departments

1,309,235Absolute numbers

154.7100.0%100.0%Total

Sex

142.749.6%45.7%Men

166.450.4%54.3%Women

Population group

136.979.2%70.1%Jews and others

138.074.8%66.8%Thereof: Jews

219.420.8%29.5%Arabs

Marital status (aged 15 and over)

133.355.2%46.5%Married

145.032.1%29.3%Never married

216.07.8%10.7%Divorced

437.64.9%13.5%Widowed

רווחה

Geriatric22%

Poverty, income and em-ployment problems

20%

Dysfunc-tional

parents or children/

adolescents32%

Medical reasons and

disability19%

Other7%

Type of Main Need for Individualswith Defined Need of Intervention

2015

14

15

EDUCATION

Students and Teaching Staff in the Educational System, 2014/15

Students Teaching

staffTotal(1) 2,193,432 160,565

Pre-primary education(kindergarten teachers in formal education)(2)

516,691 16,404

Primary education 985,110 79,514

Lower secondary education 280,728 33,492

Upper secondary education 410,903 46,492(1) A teacher who teaches at more than one level is counted separately at each level, but only once in the total.(2) Children in institutions supervised by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Economy and Industry.

Persons Aged 15 and Over, by Years of Schooling (%), 2015Years of

SchoolingAged 15 and over - total

Women Men

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

0-4 2.8 3.7 1.9

5-8 5.7 5.7 5.6

9-10 9.4 8.4 10.4

11-12 33.8 32.5 35.2

13-15 22.4 23.8 20.9

16 + 26.0 26.0 26.0

Did you know?In 2014/15, 61,400 students were enrolled in short-cycle tertiary education. Most of them studied in courses for practical engineers and technicians (60%), and 31% were enrolled in teacher training programs.

The data are presented by level of education: pre-primary education, primary education, secondary education (lower secondary and upper secondary), short-cycle tertiary education, and higher education.The educational system includes official education, and education that is recognized but not official. According to the State Education Law 1953, the educational system is divided according to types of supervision: State, State-Religious, and Other (which applies mainly to ultra-Orthodox education).

חינוך

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

Pre-primary Primary Secondary Tertiary

Dol

lars

National Expenditure on Education per Pupil,at International Prices and in Terms of PPP

(Purchasing Power Parities)2013

Israel OECD Member Countries

0102030405060708090

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

Rat

es p

er 1

00 e

xam

inee

s

Entitled to a Matriculation Certificate,by Examination Profile

(Hebrew and Arab Education)Hebrew education- academicemphasis

Hebrew education- technologicalemphasis

Arab education -academicemphasis

Arab education -technologicalemphasis

15

חינוך

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

Pre-primary Primary Secondary Tertiary

Dol

lars

National Expenditure on Education per Pupil,at International Prices and in Terms of PPP

(Purchasing Power Parities)2013

Israel OECD Member Countries

0102030405060708090

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

Rat

es p

er 1

00 e

xam

inee

s

Entitled to a Matriculation Certificate,by Examination Profile

(Hebrew and Arab Education)Hebrew education- academicemphasis

Hebrew education- technologicalemphasis

Arab education -academicemphasis

Arab education -technologicalemphasis

15

Recipients of Degrees from Institutions of Higher Education, 2014/15

40,873 Universities(1) – Total100.0%Total

57.8% First degree35.9% Second degree

4.0% Third degree2.3%Diploma

(1) Including Open University. In 2013/14, Ariel University was added.

32,674 Colleges - Total

100.0%Total

24,585Academic colleges – Total

75.2%Total

80.8% First degree

19.2% Second degree

8,089Colleges of education – Total

24.8%Total

77.2% First degree

22.8% Second degree

16

NATIONAL EXPENDITURE ON CULTURE, ENTERTAINMENT AND SPORTThe national expenditure on culture, entertainment and sport includes the value of goods and services supplied by the general government, the business sector, and non-profit institutions.The services include: musical performances, theater, museums, sports and games, radio and television, movie theaters, community centers, gambling (the national lottery and "Sport-Toto"), use of the Internet, etc. The goods include: television sets, cameras, personal computers, books, and the purchase of entertainment and sports products.The national expenditure on culture, entertainment and sport in 2015 was about NIS 53.4 billion, which are 4.6% of the Gross Domestic Product. Households financed 85.8% of the total expenditure. The current per capita expenditure on culture, entertainment and sport in constant prices amounted to NIS 6,114 in 2015, compared with NIS 3,985 in 2000.

CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

STUDENTS IN CULTURAL FIELDSIn the 2014/15 academic year, the most commonly studied subjects in the field of culture were as follows: in universities – General Studies in the Humanities (4,940 students), in academic colleges – Communications (3,249 students), in colleges of education – Bible (2,970 students), and in short-cycle non-academic tertiary education – Architectural Design (4,739 students).

CULTURE, ENTERTAINMENT & SPORT

Did you know? In 2015, 302 full-length films were screened in movie theaters in Israel.

In 2014, 8,867 books and booklets were published in Israel.

תרבות, בידור וספורט

Jerusalem District

9%

Northern District

2%

Haifa District15%

Central District38%

Tel Aviv District29%

Southern District

7%

Tickets Sold at Movie Theaters,by District

2015

16,125,081 tickets were soldat movie theaters in 2015.

Source: The Movie Theater Association and the cinematheques in Israel.

Computers and Internet

17.6%

Radio and television

32.3%

Cinema and photography

3.1%

Music and performing

arts8.3%

Sports and games19.5%

Nature and environment

6.8%

Visual arts1.4%

Literature7.5%

Cultural heritage

0.8%

Gambling2.7%

Monthly Expenditure on Culture, Entertainment and Sports per Household

2014

The monthly expenditure on culture, entertainment and sport amounted to NIS 637 per household.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

NIS

billi

on

National Expenditure on Culture, Entertainment and Sports,

at 2010 Prices

16


Jerusalem District

9%

Northern District

2%

Haifa District15%

Central District38%


Southern District

7%


2015




17.6%


32.3%


3.1%


arts8.3%



6.8%

Visual arts1.4%

Literature7.5%

Cultural heritage

0.8%

Gambling2.7%


2014


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

NIS

billi

on


at 2010 Prices

16


Jerusalem District

9%

Northern District

2%

Haifa District15%

Central District38%


Southern District

7%


2015




17.6%


32.3%


3.1%


arts8.3%



6.8%

Visual arts1.4%

Literature7.5%

Cultural heritage

0.8%

Gambling2.7%


2014


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

NIS

billi

on


at 2010 Prices

16


Jerusalem District35%

Northern District11%

Haifa District13%

Central District

8%


Southern District

5%

Visits to Museums, by District2014

About 6.7 million visits to museums in 2014.Excluding Yad Vashem (recognised museum)

and two unrecognised museums.

16

17

The general government expenditure on public order was about 3.9% of the total expenditure in 2014, compared with 3.4% in 2000. The expenditure includes maintenance of internal order, law courts, police, fire protection, prisons, rehabilitation of criminals, etc.

There were 669 judges serving in Israeli courts in 2015.

There were 60,132 lawyers in Israel in 2015.

Of those, 3,252 were newly authorized to practice law.

In 1960, there were 2,303 lawyers in Israel.

There were 28,624 police officers in the Israel Police Force list of employees in 2015. The proportion of police officers was about 342 per 100,000 persons in the population.

There were 8,810 prison wardens in the Prison Service list of employees. Their proportion was about 147 per 100,000 persons in the population.

The criminal statistics are based on crimes reported to the Israel police, and the data on victims of criminal activities are derived from the Social Survey.

In 2015, 341,778 investigation files were opened by the Israel police. The proportion of investigation files per 1,000 persons in population was about 41.

CRIME AND JUSTICE

VICTIMS OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY ׂ(Social Survey 2014)Persons aged 20 and over who were victims of crime, and those who reported the crime to the police.

פשיעה ומשפט

Against the security of the state29.1%

Against public order

18.0%

Against a person's life

1.8%

Bodily harm14.6%

Sexual offences

3.4%

Against morality

4.6%

Against property27.3%

Fraud0.6%

Licencing offences

0.4%

Other0.2%

Juveniles Convicted,by Offence Group

2013

1,907 juveniles were convicted in 2013.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Thou

sand

s

Files Opened by the Police(1)

(1) Each file is counted once in the "Grand Total", even if it appeared in multiple offence groups.

0

10

20

30

40

50

Againstproperty

Againstpublicorder

Bodilyharm

Againstmorality

Againstthe

securityof thestate

Fraud Sexualoffences

Againsta

person'slife

Other

Per

cent

ages

Files Opened by the Police, by Offence Group(1)2015

(1) A file can include multiple offences. In those cases, the file will be counted in more than one offence group. Therefore the percentage of files by offence group is higher than 100%.

17




18.0%


1.8%

Bodily harm14.6%

Sexual offences

3.4%

Against morality

4.6%


Fraud0.6%

Licencing offences

0.4%

Other0.2%


2013


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Thou

sand

s



0

10

20

30

40

50

Againstproperty

Againstpublicorder

Bodilyharm

Againstmorality

Againstthe

securityof thestate


Againsta

person'slife

Other

Per

cent

ages



17




18.0%


1.8%

Bodily harm14.6%

Sexual offences

3.4%

Against morality

4.6%


Fraud0.6%

Licencing offences

0.4%

Other0.2%


2013


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Thousa

nds



0

10

20

30

40

50

Againstproperty

Againstpublicorder

Bodilyharm

Againstmorality

Againstthe

securityof thestate


Againsta

person'slife

Other

Perc

enta

ges



17




33.1%


0.7%

Bodily harm13.0%

Sexual offences

1.4%

Against morality11.3%


Fraud2.6%

Economic offences

1.8%Licencing offences10.3%

Other0.5%

Adults Convicted,by Offence Group

2013

34,853 adults were convicted in 2013.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Breakinginto

dwelling

Theftwithout use

of force

Breakinginto

a car

Cartheft

Thou

sand

s

Persons Aged 20 and Over Who Were Victims of Criminal Activities,

by Type of Offence2014

0

20

40

60

80

100

Breakinginto

dwelling

Theftwithout use

of force

Breakinginto

a car

Cartheft

Per

cent

age

out o

f all

vict

ims

of th

e of

fenc

e

Persons Aged 20 and Over Who Were Victims of Criminal Activities and

Reported to the Police,by Type of Offence

2014

17




33.1%


0.7%

Bodily harm13.0%

Sexual offences

1.4%



Fraud2.6%

Economic offences


Other0.5%


2013


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Breakinginto

dwelling

Theftwithout use

of force

Breakinginto

a car

Cartheft

Thou

sand

s



0

20

40

60

80

100

Breakinginto

dwelling

Theftwithout use

of force

Breakinginto

a car

Cartheft

Per

cent

age

out o

f all

vict

ims

of th

e of

fenc

e



2014

17




33.1%


0.7%

Bodily harm13.0%

Sexual offences

1.4%



Fraud2.6%

Economic offences


Other0.5%


2013


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Breakinginto

dwelling

Theftwithout use

of force

Breakinginto

a car

Cartheft

Thou

sand

s



0

20

40

60

80

100

Breakinginto

dwelling

Theftwithout use

of force

Breakinginto

a car

Cartheft

Per

cent

age

out o

f all

vict

ims

of th

e of

fenc

e



2014

17

18

The Labour Force Survey is a major survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics among households in Israel since 1954. The survey follows the development of the labour force in Israel, its size and characteristics, as well as the extent of unemployment, etc. On the average, about 21,500 persons aged 15 and over are interviewed in the survey every month. The survey population includes permanent residents living in Israel, as well as tourists and temporary residents living in Israel continuously for more than a year.The survey data provide information on the characteristics of the labour force, including data on age, years of schooling, and last type of school attended, as well as data on immigrants of 1990 and after. In addition, the survey is a tool for collection of statistical data on housing conditions, employment mobility, and many other topics.The data refer to 2015.

LABOURDid you know?

Israel ranks highest in the world in the number employed persons in the field of high-tech out of all employed persons. In 2014,

about 10% of all men aged 15-74 were employed in high-tech.

Employed Persons, by Occupation

Occupation Employed persons – Total

Usually employed(1) part time WomenPercentage of total employed persons

Total(2) 3,643,800 22.4 47.1Professionals 374,300 5.3 32.2Academic professionals 910,400 26.4 57.5Practical engineers, technicians, agents and associate professionals 475,600 20.6 55.0Clerical support workers 254,800 24.8 71.4Service and sales workers 675,000 36.6 61.3Skilled workers 516,700 11.1 8.8Elementary occupations 219,900 33.5 42.7

(1) Excl. the population living outside of localities (Bedouins in the South and others) and residents of institutions (permanent samples). (2) Including unknown.

POPULATION AGED 15 AND OVER BY LABOUR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS

Worked full time 35+ hours during the

determinant week

2,398,900

Worked part time1-34 hours during the

determinant week

976,800

Temporarily absent from work

during the determinant week

268,000

Workedduring the

12 months preceding the survey124,900

Did not work during the 12 months preceding the survey

77,000

Status at work:Employees and members of cooperatives – 87.4%

Persons employed by another party in return for daily wages, monthly

salary, piece work, or any other kind of remuneration

Employers – 4.0%Persons employing others for payment

or any other kind of remuneration

Self-employed – 7.9%Persons working in their own business who do not employ others in return for

payment

Members of kibbutzim - 0.6%

Unpaid family members - 0.1%

Population aged 15 and over (permanent population)

6,000,100

In the labour force

3,845,70064.1%

Not in the labour force

2,154,40035.9%

Did not work during the 12 months preceding the survey

1,893,10087.9%

Worked during the 12 months preceding the survey

261,30012.1%

Unemployed 201,900

5.3%Persons who were available to work

but did not work at all during the determinant week (even for one hour) and actively sought work

during the four weeks preceding their enumeration in the survey

Employed persons 3,643,800

94.7%Those who worked for at least one

hour at any job for pay, profit, or any other remuneration during the

determinant week

Length of job search:

1-26 weeks – 74.7%

27-52 weeks – 13.8%

53+ weeks – 11.5%

19

Data on wages in all industries are collected from two main sources: wage indices and income surveys. The data refer to 2015.

Wage indices are based primarily on reports of employers to the National Insurance Institute as well as on other administrative sources such as Malam Systems Ltd. or the Israel Local Authorities Data Processing Center. The reports are obtained every month, and provide data on average wages per employee job.

WAGESEMPLOYEE JOBS OF ISRAELI WORKERS AND FOREIGN WORKERS

Employee JobsThe number of employees (permanent and temporary) on the payroll of

establishments or institutions who worked for at least one day during the surveyed month. (Employees on the payrolls of more than one establishment or institution in

that month were counted as many times as they appeared on the payroll).3,563,800

Israeli workers3,386,100

95%

Foreign workers177,700

5%

Workers from abroad110,100

62%11% in construction

19% in agriculture, forestry and fishing70% other

(2011 Classification)

Workers from the Palestinian Authority67,600

38%59% in construction

20% in agriculture, forestry and fishing21% other

(2011 Classification)

Average wage per employee job

- NIS 9,576

Money Income, by Occupation and SexThe data are from the Household Expenditure Survey. Among other things, the survey provides data on the average income from wages and salaries per employee. Data are collected from all the households in Israel on an ongoing basis.

Percentage of Employee Jobs, by Industry (2011 Classification), 2015 Average

Industry %Total 100

Education 13.9Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles

13.7

Human health and social work activities 11.4Manufacturing 10.2Administration and support service activities 8.5 Professional, scientific and technical activities

6.6

Accommodation and food service activities 6.5Construction 5.1Information and communication 4.9Local administration, public administration and defence; compulsory social security

3.9

Transportation and storage, postal and courier activities

3.8

Financial and insurance activities 3.2Other service activities 3.1Arts, entertainment and recreation 2.0Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1.4Electricity and water supply, sewerage and waste management

0.9

Real estate activities 0.8Mining and quarrying 0.1

שכר

0

5

10

15

20

25

Mini

ng a

nd q

uarry

ing

Info

rmat

ion a

nd c

omm

unica

tions

Elec

tricit

y an

d wa

ter s

uppl

y,se

wera

ge a

nd w

aste

man

agem

ent

Fina

ncia

l and

insu

ranc

e ac

tivitie

s

Loca

l, pub

lic a

nd d

efen

cead

mini

strat

ion

and

socia

l sec

urity

Man

ufac

turin

g

Prof

essio

nal,

scien

tific

and

tech

nical

acti

vitie

s

Tran

spor

tatio

n, s

tora

ge,

posta

l and

cou

rier a

ctivit

ies

Real

esta

te a

ctivit

ies

Cons

truct

ion

Hum

an h

ealth

and

socia

l wor

k ac

tivitie

s

Who

lesale

and

reta

il tra

dean

d re

pair

of m

otor

vehic

les

Educ

ation

Agric

ultur

e, fo

restr

y and

fish

ing

Arts

, ent

erta

inmen

t and

recr

eatio

n

Othe

r ser

vice

activ

ities

Adm

inist

rativ

e an

d su

ppor

tse

rvice

act

ivitie

s

Acco

mm

odat

ion

and

food

serv

ice a

ctivi

ties

NIS

thou

sand

s

Average Wages per Employee Job for Israeli Workers,by Industry (2011 Classification)

Average 2015

0 5 10 15 20

Managers

Professionals

Practical engineers, technicians, agents,and associate professionals

Clerical support workers

Service and sales workers

Skilled workers

Elementary occupations

NIS thousands

Gross Money Income of Employees from Wagesand Salaries, by Occupation and Sex

2014

Total Women Men

19

שכר

0

5

10

15

20

25

Min

ing

and

quar

ryin

g

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

Ele

ctric

ity a

nd w

ater

sup

ply,

sew

erag

e an

d w

aste

man

agem

ent

Fin

anci

al a

nd in

sura

nce

activ

ities

Loca

l, pu

blic

and

def

ence

adm

inis

trat

ion

and

soci

al s

ecur

ity

Man

ufac

turin

g

Pro

fess

iona

l, sc

ient

ific

and

tech

nica

l act

iviti

es

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion,

sto

rage

,po

stal

and

cou

rier

activ

ities

Rea

l est

ate

activ

ities

Con

stru

ctio

n

Hum

an h

ealth

and

soci

al w

ork

activ

ities

Who

lesa

le a

nd r

etai

l tra

dean

d re

pair

of m

otor

veh

icle

s

Edu

catio

n

Agr

icul

ture

, for

estr

y an

d fis

hing

Art

s, e

nter

tain

men

t and

rec

reat

ion

Oth

er s

ervi

ce a

ctiv

ities

Adm

inis

trat

ive

and

supp

ort

serv

ice

activ

ities

Acc

omm

odat

ion

and

food

serv

ice

activ

ities

NIS

thou

sand

s

Average Wages per Employee Job for Israeli Workers,by Industry (2011 Classification)

Average 2015

0 5 10 15 20

Managers

Professionals

Practical engineers, technicians, agents,and associate professionals

Clerical support workers

Service and sales workers

Skilled workers

Elementary occupations

NIS thousands

Gross Money Income of Employees from Wagesand Salaries, by Occupation and Sex

2014

Total Women Men

19

20

The Consumer Price Index measures the monthly change in the cost of a fixed basket of goods and services among households over a base period, which is updated bi-annually. The purpose of the index is to ascertain that the change is only due to a change in prices as reflected during the period of measurement.The index relates to the average level of prices for that month. Prices are collected each day of the month, and the index is published on the 15th of the subsequent month (two weeks after completing the process of collecting prices). That is, the index actually reflects the level of prices of the previous month. The index has many uses, such as linkage for loans, mortgages, bonds, alimony payments, contracts, and financial agreements. The index serves as an indicator for inflation, and as an important tool for determining economic policy. The index can be used to turn a series of monetary data in current terms into a series of data in real terms. Furthermore, the index can be used to analyze the trends of prices in various markets.

The CBS also measures changes in prices over time of various other indices, such as the Price Index of Inputs in Residential Building, the Price Index of Inputs in Construction of Commercial Buildings and Offices, the Price Index of Inputs in Road Construction and Bridging, the Price Index of Output and Input in Agriculture, the Price Index of Input in Buses, the Price Index of Manufacturing Output, and the Price Index for Mining and Quarrying. Once each quarter, the Price Index of Exports in Manufacturing and the Price Index of Service Industries are published as well.

מחירים

-1

0

1

2

3

4

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber c

ompa

red

to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)

Percentage of Change in Consumer Price Index

-0.1

0.1

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Food Fruitsand

vegetables

Housing House-hold

mainte-nance

Furnitureand house-

holdequipment

Clothingand

footwear

Health Education,culture

and enter-tainment

Transportand

commu-nications

Miscel-laneous

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber

com

pare

d to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)

Percentage of Change in Consumer Price Index, by Main Items2015

-5

0

5

10

15

20

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

ein

ann

ual a

vera

ge

Percentage of Change in Prices of Dwellings, Compared to Previous Year

0.00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber c

ompa

red

to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)

Percentage of Change in Index of Inputin Residential Building

20

PRICES

מחירים

-1

0

1

2

3

4

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber c

ompa

red

to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)


-0.1

0.1

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Food Fruitsand

vegetables

Housing House-hold

mainte-nance

Furnitureand house-

holdequipment

Clothingand

footwear


and enter-tainment

Transportand

commu-nications

Miscel-laneous

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber

com

pare

d to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)


-5

0

5

10

15

20

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

ein

ann

ual a

vera

ge


0.00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber c

ompa

red

to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)


20

מחירים

-1

0

1

2

3

4

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber c

ompa

red

to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)


-0.1

0.1

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Food Fruitsand

vegetables

Housing House-hold

mainte-nance

Furnitureand house-

holdequipment

Clothingand

footwear


and enter-tainment

Transportand

commu-nications

Miscel-laneous

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber

com

pare

d to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)


-5

0

5

10

15

2020

04

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

ein

ann

ual a

vera

ge


0.00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

age

of c

hang

e (D

ecem

ber c

ompa

red

to

Dec

embe

r of p

revi

ous

year

)


20

מחירים

-1

0

1

2

3

4

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Perc

enta

ge o

f cha

nge

(Dec

embe

r com

pare

d to

D

ecem

ber o

f pre

viou

s ye

ar)


-0.1

0.1

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Food Fruitsand

vegetables

Housing House-hold

mainte-nance

Furnitureand house-

holdequipment

Clothingand

footwear


and enter-tainment

Transportand

commu-nications

Miscel-laneous

Perc

enta

ge o

f cha

nge

(Dec

embe

r co

mpa

red

to D

ecem

ber o

f pre

viou

s ye

ar)


-5

0

5

10

15

20

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Perc

enta

ge o

f cha

nge

in a

nnua

l ave

rage


0.00

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Perc

enta

ge o

f cha

nge

(Dec

embe

r com

pare

d to

D

ecem

ber o

f pre

viou

s ye

ar)


20

21

The general government includes the government, the National Insurance Institute, local authorities, national institutions (the Jewish Agency for Israel, the World Zionist Organization, the Jewish National Fund, and the United Israel Fund), as well as non-profit institutions whose main expenditures are financed by the government.General government consumption expenditure is equal to the value of its intermediate consumption of goods and services minus sales, compensation of employees, taxes on production, and consumption of fixed capital.In 2015, general government consumption expenditure amounted to approximately NIS 260 billion, which comprised about 22% of the GDP.About 45% of the general government consumption expenditure is allocated for wages. The general government expenditure includes: compensation of employees, taxes on production, purchase of goods and services, transfers in-kind, subsidies, current transfers, interest payments, gross fixed capital formation, and other capital expenditures.That year, the general government expenditure amounted to approximately NIS 454 billion (39% of the GDP). The general government income, which amounted to approximately NIS 436 billion, includes: revenue from taxes, revenue from property, transfer payments from abroad, transfer payments from the private sector, and sales. Receipts from taxes include: income tax; revenue from National Insurance payments; taxes on wages; fees, levies, fines, and various other current taxes; Value Added Tax; taxes on imports; and other indirect taxes.The total general government expenditure less total revenue equals the total deficit/surplus of the general government. In 2015 there was a deficit in the general account of the government sector which amounted to 1.55% of the GDP.

GENERAL GOVERNMENT

מגזר ממשלתי

0306090

120150180

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

bill

ions

General Government Consumption Expenditure,

at 2010 Prices

Civilian Defence

Compensa-tion of

employees25.8%

Taxes on production

1.9%

Purchase of goods and services23.4%

Subsidies1.8%

Current transfers24.1%

Interest payments

7.0%

Gross fixed capital

formation5.4%

Other capital expenditures

2.9%

Social transfers in

kind -purchase of services to households from market producers

7.7%

General Government Expenditure,by Type

2015

Total expenditure - NIS 454 billion

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Italy

Swed

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Ger

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es

Sout

h Ko

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e of

GD

P

Tax Burden in Selected OECD Countries2014

Economic services

6.0%

Interest payments

7.0%

Other (housing, culture, religious affairs,

environ-mental

protection)4.9%

General services

and public order9.1%

Defence15.2%

Education17.4%

Health12.9%

Social protection

27.5%

General Government Expenditure,by Function

2015


21


0306090

120150180

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

bill

ions


at 2010 Prices

Civilian Defence

Compensa-tion of

employees25.8%

Taxes on production

1.9%


Subsidies1.8%


Interest payments

7.0%

Gross fixed capital

formation5.4%


2.9%

Social transfers in


7.7%


2015


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Italy

Swed

en

Ger

man

y

Uni

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King

dom

Isra

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Uni

ted

Stat

es

Sout

h Ko

reaP

erce

ntag

e of

GD

P


Economic services

6.0%

Interest payments

7.0%


environ-mental

protection)4.9%

General services


Defence15.2%

Education17.4%

Health12.9%

Social protection

27.5%


2015


21


0306090

120150180

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

bill

ions


at 2010 Prices

Civilian Defence

Compensa-tion of

employees25.8%

Taxes on production

1.9%


Subsidies1.8%


Interest payments

7.0%

Gross fixed capital

formation5.4%


2.9%

Social transfers in


7.7%


2015


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Italy

Swed

en

Ger

man

y

Uni

ted

King

dom

Isra

el

Turk

ey

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Sout

h Ko

reaP

erce

ntag

e of

GD

P


Economic services

6.0%

Interest payments

7.0%


environ-mental

protection)4.9%

General services


Defence15.2%

Education17.4%

Health12.9%

Social protection

27.5%


2015


21


0306090

120150180

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

bill

ions


at 2010 Prices

Civilian Defence

Compensa-tion of

employees25.8%

Taxes on production

1.9%


Subsidies1.8%


Interest payments

7.0%

Gross fixed capital

formation5.4%


2.9%

Social transfers in


7.7%


2015


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Italy

Swed

en

Ger

man

y

Uni

ted

King

dom

Isra

el

Turk

ey

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Sout

h Ko

reaP

erce

ntag

e of

GD

P


Economic services

6.0%

Interest payments

7.0%


environ-mental

protection)4.9%

General services


Defence15.2%

Education17.4%

Health12.9%

Social protection

27.5%


2015


21

22

National accounts provide a comprehensive and detailed description of the country’s economic activity, the relationships among various economic entities, and Israel’s economic relations with foreign countries.The main indicator of these accounts is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – the net value of goods and services produced by economic units functioning in Israel.This value is equal to the sum of private and general government consumption expenditure and gross domestic capital formation (private and general government) plus net exports (exports less imports) of goods and services.

NATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATIONAL ACCOUNTS, 2015

NIS billions, unless otherwise stated

Gross Domestic Product (in current prices) 1,164 Percent of growth in the GDP compared with previous year

2.5%

Gross Domestic Product per capita (NIS thousands)

138.9

Private consumption expenditure 637General government consumption expenditure

260

Gross domestic capital formation 232Capital formation in economic industries 146Residential building 77Exports of goods and services 358Imports of goods and services 322

Total use of resources 1,486

חשבונות לאומיים

GDP78.3%

Imports21.7%

Composition of Resources2015

Private consump-

tion42.8%

General govern-

ment consump-

tion17.5%

Gross domestic capital

formation15.6%

Exports24.1%

Composition of Uses2015

020406080

100120140

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

thou

sand

s

GDP per Capita and Private Consumption Expenditure per

Capita, at 2010 Prices

GDP per capitaPrivate consumption expenditure per capita

0

10

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30

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a

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gary

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ey

Thou

sand

s of

dol

lars

GDP per Capita in International Prices in Selected OECD Countries (PPP -

Purchasing Power Parities)2015

22


GDP78.3%

Imports21.7%


Private consump-

tion42.8%

General govern-

ment consump-

tion17.5%


formation15.6%

Exports24.1%


020406080

100120140

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

thou

sand

s




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Irela

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22


GDP78.3%

Imports21.7%


Private consump-

tion42.8%

General govern-

ment consump-

tion17.5%


formation15.6%

Exports24.1%


020406080

100120140

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

thou

sand

s




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Irela

nd

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Fran

ce

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n

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el

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22


GDP78.3%

Imports21.7%


Private consump-

tion42.8%

General govern-

ment consump-

tion17.5%


formation15.6%

Exports24.1%


020406080

100120140

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

NIS

thou

sand

s




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Irela

nd

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Fran

ce

Japa

n

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Cze

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lic

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a

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ey

Thou

sand

s of

dol

lars



22


-6-30369

1215

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Per

cent

ages

National Saving by Sector, as a Percentage of the National

Disposable Income

Households and businesses Government Total

22

23

Israel’s balance of payments is a record of all economic transactions carried out between Israel and the rest of the world.The current account of the balance of payments summarizes trade in goods and services, current transfers, and income from work and property. The surplus in the current account amounted to about 13.7 billion dollars in 2015. The financial account presents foreign investments by Israeli residents, as well as investments in Israel by foreign residents.

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTS, IMPORTS & EXPORTSBALANCE OF PAYMENTS

IMPORTS & EXPORTS

BALANCE OF PAYMENT DATA – GOODS AND SERVICES, 2015

Imports ExportsBillions of dollars Billions of dollars

Goods – Total 59.7 Goods – Total 56.3

Thereof: Thereof:

Defence imports 2.9 Exports of goods to the Palestinian Authority

3.4

Imports of goods from the Palestinian Authority

0.9

Services – Total 23.3 Services – Total 35.7

Thereof: Imports of services from the Palestinian Authority

0.4 Thereof: Exports of services to the Palestinian Authority

0.5

EXPORTS OF SELECTED COMMODITIES (excluding exports to the Palestinian Authority), 2015

% of all exports

Diamonds 27.5Pharmaceutical products 9.9Electronic integrated circuits 8.7Aircraft parts 3.9Chemical products and preparations 3.3Electrical apparatus for line telephony 2.5Tools and equipment for medical sciences 2.3Pesticiedes and herbicides 1.6Mineral or chemical fertilizers 1.5Printing, copying and fax machines 1.3

IMPORTS OF SELECTED COMMODITIES (excluding imports from the Palestinian Authority

and excluding direct defense imports), 2015

% of all imports

Diamonds 11.1

Crude oils 7.3

Passenger vehicles 5.0

Electronic integrated circuits 4.1

Petroleum oils 2.9Electrical apparatus for line telephony 2.7

Pharmaceutical products 2.1

Computers 2.1

Vehicles for transporting good 1.2

Coal 1.2

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, BY SELECTED COMMODITIESExcluding exports/imports to/from the Palestinian Authority, and excluding direct defence imports

חשבונות בין-לאומיים ויבוא יצוא

05

101520253035

Europe Asia Africa America Oceania Unclas-sified

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Imports and Exports of Commodities, by Continent

2015

Imports Exports

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs

The Financial Account in the Balance of Payments

Foreign investments by Israeli residentsInvestments in Israel by foreign residents

02,0004,0006,0008,000

10,00012,00014,00016,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Deficit/Surplus in the Current Account

Con-sumer goods19.1%

Produc-tion

inputs66.6% Invest-

ment assets14.3%

Imports, by Economic Use2015

Total imports - about $62 billion

23


05

101520253035


Bill

ions

of d

olla

rs


2015

Imports Exports

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs



02,0004,0006,0008,000

10,00012,00014,00016,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs



Produc-tion

inputs66.6% Invest-

ment assets14.3%



23


05

101520253035


Bill

ions

of d

olla

rs


2015

Imports Exports

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs



02,0004,0006,0008,000

10,00012,00014,00016,000

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Mill

ions

of d

olla

rs



Produc-tion

inputs66.6% Invest-

ment assets14.3%



23

24

Agriculture includes: Crops, afforestation, gardening, livestock and livestock products.There have been many changes in the agriculture industry over the years. Israeli agriculture is developing in terms of the quantity and quality of produce, as well as in terms of diversification and growth in plant crops and livestock breeding.There has also been a considerable improvement in methods of cultivation: irrigation, greenhouses, and mechanical equipment for processing and harvesting of crops.

Employment in agriculture, 2015: There were about 37,700 employed persons in agriculture. Of those, about 22,100 were employees (based on the Labour Force Survey). The number of employee jobs of foreign workers from the Palestinian Authority was 13,200. The number of employee jobs of workers from abroad was 20,600 (according to employers' reports to the National Insurance Institute).

AGRICULTURE

Did you know?Planted forests comprise 5.2% of the land area in Israel. In 2015, the forest area (under the care of the Jewish National Fund) spanned 1,154,000 dunams.

Agricultural Crop Areas (Thousand Dunams), 2015

Total 3,060Thereof:Field crops 1,273Vegetables, potatoes and melons 799Other plantations 778Citrus 189

חקלאות

Vege-tables,

potatoes and melons

20.2%

Citrus5.4%

Other fruit18.6%

Flowers and garden

plants2.6%

Poultry18.8%

Cattle, sheep and

goats20.2%

Field crops7.9%

Other6.3%

Output (Final Products)2015

Total output - about NIS 29.5 billion

Fertilizers and

manures3.7%

Pesticides4.0%

Packing and

transport3.3%

Fuel, lubricants

and electricity

11.0%

Water9.5%

Chicks, seeds and seedlings

8.4%

Depre-ciation11.9%

Other inputs15.6%

Fodder32.6%

Input (Resources Invested)2015

Total input - about NIS 19.7 billion

0.00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Sugar, sweets, and honey

Cereals (including wheat for bread production)

Fish

Pulses, peanuts and nuts

Beef

Oils and fats

Vegetables, fruit and potatoes

Milk and dairy products

Poultry and turkey

Percentages

Import Dependency Ratio of Israel, by Main Products(1)2014

(1) If the index of dependence on imports exceeds 100%, this means that exports are dependent on imports (usually when a component of a product for export is imported).

24

חקלאות

Vege-tables,

potatoes and melons

20.2%

Citrus5.4%

Other fruit18.6%

Flowers and garden

plants2.6%

Poultry18.8%

Cattle, sheep and

goats20.2%

Field crops7.9%

Other6.3%



Fertilizers and

manures3.7%

Pesticides4.0%

Packing and

transport3.3%

Fuel, lubricants

and electricity

11.0%

Water9.5%


8.4%

Depre-ciation11.9%

Other inputs15.6%

Fodder32.6%



0.00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140



Fish


Beef

Oils and fats



Poultry and turkey

Percentages



24

חקלאות

Vege-tables,

potatoes and melons

20.2%

Citrus5.4%

Other fruit18.6%

Flowers and garden

plants2.6%

Poultry18.8%

Cattle, sheep and

goats20.2%

Field crops7.9%

Other6.3%



Fertilizers and

manures3.7%

Pesticides4.0%

Packing and

transport3.3%

Fuel, lubricants

and electricity

11.0%

Water9.5%


8.4%

Depre-ciation11.9%

Other inputs15.6%

Fodder32.6%



0.00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140



Fish


Beef

Oils and fats



Poultry and turkey

Percentages



24

25

Over the years, the Israeli economy has developed from a small, closed economy to a relatively large, developed economy that uses modern methods and advanced technologies for manufacturing.Manufacturing in Israel has evolved from small establishments that engage primarily in processing of agricultural products and clothing, to high technology production.The Central Bureau of Statistics collects monthly data from a sample of about 2,600 manufacturing establishments. The data are used to prepare current manufacturing indices, which serve as indicators of the development of manufacturing in particular and of the economy in general.In 2015, the Gross Domestic Product of Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying amounted to NIS 123 billion (excluding diamonds) and product per work-hour per employee job amounted to NIS 157.Manufacturing export was NIS 172 billion (42% of the total revenue in manufacturing), and was based mainly on high-tech products.

MANUFACTURING, COMMERCE & SERVICES

Establishments, Jobs and Revenue in Manufacturing (Excluding Mining and Quarrying), by Technological Intensity, 2015

Technological Intensity Establishments Jobs Revenue (NIS Billions)

Total - Absolute numbers 12,805 (1) 362,139 395

- Percentages 100.0 100.0 100.0

High-technology 4.5 26.8 32.1

Medium-high technology 11.5 16.7 16.3

Medium-low technology 33.3 25.0 26.4

Low technology 50.7 31.5 25.2

(1) Including jobs of workers hired through employment agencies.

Establishments and Jobs in Manufacturing, Mining and Quarrying, by District, 2015

DistrictEstablishments Jobs

Absolute numbers Percentages Absolute numbers PercentagesTotal 12,942 367,603 Thereof:

Jerusalem 1,219 9.4 19,019 5.2Northern 2,686 20.8 76,724 20.9Haifa 1,496 11.6 53,914 14.7Central 3,197 24.7 94,115 25.6Tel Aviv 2,995 23.1 59,301 16.1Southern 1,044 8.1 56,771 15.4

Revenue by Industry (2011 Classification), 2015

Industry %Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2.3

Manufacturing, mining and quarrying 22.7

Electricity, water supply, sewerage, and waste management

2.9

Construction 10.4

Wholesale and retail trade 29.4

Transportation and storage, postal and courier activities

4.8

Accommodation and food service activities 2.8

Information and communication 6.6

Financial and insurance activities 1.6

Real estate activities 3.0

Professional, scientific and technical activities 6.4

Administration and support service activities 3.9

Education 0.4

Human health and social work activities 1.7

Arts, entertainment and recreation; other services 1.1

תעשייה, מסחר ושירותים

0

5

10

15

20

25

Hightechnology

Medium-hightechnology

Medium-lowtechnology

Lowtechnology

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Manufacturing Exports and Imports (Gross), by Technological Intensity

(excluding diamonds)(2011 Classification)

2015

Imports Exports

25

26

The construction industry includes building and civil engineering works. Building refers to civilian building in Israel, including building in Israeli localities in the Judea and Samaria Area.Civil engineering works refers to construction of roads, widening and reconstruction of roads, installation of water pipes, installation of drainage pipes (for concentration and disposal of sewage water), canalization (for concentration and disposal of rainwater), and other work (e.g., building sea ports and airports, building bridges, and preparation of agricultural land). Unlike other industries, the construction industry is characterized by sharp fluctuations in the volume of activity. The industry is sensitive to change in overall business activity, and fluctuations in building tend to cause fluctuations in the overall economy.In 2015 the gross domestic capital formation in building amounted to NIS 122.6 billion – 63% of that sum was allocated for residential building, 22% for non-residential building, and 15% for civil engineering projects.Area of construction (2015)Construction completed - 11,550,000 sq. m.Construction begun - 12,230,000 sq. m.Dwellings (2015)Construction completed - 43,670Construction begun - 50,330 Widening of roads and construction of new roads (2014)Completed - 556 km.Begun - 463 km. Employment in Construction in 2015: About 181,200 persons were employed in Construction. Of those, about 141,600 were employees (according to the Labour Force Survey). There were about 39,800 employee jobs of foreign workers from the Palestinian Authority, and about 11,600 employee jobs of foreign workers from abroad (according to employers' reports to the National Insurance Institute).

CONSTRUCTION, ELECTRICITY & WATERCONSTRUCTION

ELECTRICITY & WATERELECTRICITY SUPPLY, 2015

Millions of KWH

Total 60,340

Households 17,606 Trade 17,381 Manufacturing 14,210 Water supply and other uses 5,945 Export 5,197

Source: Israel Electric Corporation Ltd., and private producers of electricity.

WATER CONSUMPTION BY PURPOSE, 2014Million cubic meters

Agricultural 1,122

Domestic and public 754

Industrial 117

בינוי, חשמל ומים

02468

101214

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Rat

e pe

r 1,0

00 re

side

nts

Construction of Dwellings Completed

02468

101214

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Mill

ions

of s

q. m

.

Area of Construction Begun - Residentialand Non-Residential

Non-residential Residential Total

26

בינוי, חשמל ומים

02468

101214

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Rat

e pe

r 1,0

00 re

side

nts

Construction of Dwellings Completed

02468

101214

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

Mill

ions

of s

q. m

.

Area of Construction Begun - Residentialand Non-Residential

Non-residential Residential Total

26

WATER PRODUCTION, 2014Million cubic meters

Total 2,085Mekorot Water Co. - Total 693Wells 464Hamovil water carrier 125Upper water 104Other producers - Total 1,031Wells 337Upper water 241Effluents 453Desalination of sea water 361

Source: The Water Authority.

27

Foreign and domestic tourism have considerable economic, social, and political significance. The development of tourism can be attributed to a number of causes, such as: increased disposable income, increased paid vacation in workplaces, reduction of prices for transportation, increased leisure hours, and changes in habits for spending leisure time.Three main types of tourism can be distinguished: Incoming tourism, Israelis travelling abroad, and domestic tourism.The number of tourist arrivals to Israel and departures of Israelis abroad is a sensitive barometer of Israel’s economic and security situation. In 2015, there were 3,108,600 visitor arrivals to Israel, and 5,891,100 departures of Israelis abroad.

TOURISM AND HOTELS

Did you know?In 2015, 3.1 million Israelis travelled abroad (some of them departed more than once, so that the total number of departures was 5.9 million).Israelis travelling abroad comprise about one-third of the total population of Israel.

ACCOMMODATION SERVICES, 2015Person-nights in all

accommodation services 27,038,800

100.0%Tourist hotels 80.2%Other hotels 7.5%Rural tourism 7.5%Youth hostels 3.6%Field schools 1.2%

100.0%Israeli person-nights 63.1%Tourist person-nights 36.9%

Tourist HotelsHotels 374

Rooms 50,607

Person-nights in tourist hotels 21,686,200

Tourist person-nights as a percentage of all person-nights

38%

Room occupancy 61%

תיירות ושירותי הארחה

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1949

1952

1955

1958

1961

1964

1967

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

Mill

ions

Visitor Arrivals and Departures of Israelis

Visitor arrivals (tourists and day visitors including cruise passengers)Departures of Israelis

Visiting relatives

26%

Touring and

recre-ation35%

Religious22%

Business and

confer-ences11%

Other6%

Tourists, by Main Purpose of Visit2015

Source: Ministry of Tourism.

0

1

2

3

4

5

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rs

Income from Tourists

27


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1949

1952

1955

1958

1961

1964

1967

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

Mill

ions



Visiting relatives

26%

Touring and

recre-ation35%

Religious22%

Business and

confer-ences11%

Other6%



0

1

2

3

4

5

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rs


27


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1949

1952

1955

1958

1961

1964

1967

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

2015

Mill

ions



Visiting relatives

26%

Touring and

recre-ation35%

Religious22%

Business and

confer-ences11%

Other6%



0

1

2

3

4

5

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rs


27

28

Transport, storage, and communications includes: land transport, sea transport, air transport, transportation services, storage, parking lots, and freight terminals, as well as postal and courier services.In 2015, there were about 19,224 km. of urban, non-urban, and access roads in Israel. About 3.1 million Israeli civilian vehicles traveled approximately 54,820 million kilometers on those roads. About 84% of the vehicles (2.6 million) were private vehicles; 323,000 (10.4%) were trucks (incl. commercial vehicles), 18,788 vehicles were buses (0.6%), and the remaining 167,000 vehicles (5.4%) were minibuses, taxis, special service vehicles, and motorcycles.About 4.0 million licenced drivers drove these vehicles, and caused about 12,122 road accidents with casualties (not including road accidents with casualties in the Judea and Samaria Area). About 22,164 persons were injured in those accidents. Of those, 322 persons were killed. In the Judea and Samaria Area, there were 631 accidents in 2015, with about 1,563 persons injured and 34 persons killed.The total number of fatalities in road accidents since the establishment of the State of Israel (excluding the Judea and Samaria Area) amounted to 27,177.

TRANSPORT

Road Accidents with Casualties,(1) by Type of Accident, 2015

Total – Absolute numbers 12,122

100.0%Collision with moving vehicle 63.5%Hitting a pedestrian 23.3%Collision with a fixed object 4.3%Skidding 2.4%Overturning 2.7%Other 1.6%Collision with parked vehicle 1.0%Running off road 0.7%Injury to passenger in vehicle 0.5%

(1) Investigated by the Israel police (excluding the Judea and Samaria Area).

Motor Vehicles per 1,000 Residents, 2014

Italy 849Austria 751Switzerland 729Spain 710Sweden 614Israel 357

Source: International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD).

Aircraft (International) (2015)Ships (2015)Railways (2015)

Movement of Aircrafts – 106,237Ships that arrived at the port – 5,893Passengers – 52,811,238

Passengers – 15,717,300Passengers – 210,352Freight – 7,501,048 tons

Thereof: In Israeli aircraft – 5,928,500

Freight – 275,226 tons

תחבורה

0

50

100

150

200

250

Urban road Non-urban road

Abs

olut

e nu

mbe

rs

Killed in Road Accidents(1)2015

(1) Excluding the Judea and Samaria Area.

0

100

200

300

400

500

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015R

ate

per 1

,000

resi

dent

s

Vehicles and Drivers

Drivers Vehicles

28

Up to 20,000

Average Daily Traffic Volumeon Selected Road Sections

of Non-Urban Roads,Sunday to Thursday

2015

20,001-100,000

100,001-250,000

Daily AverageIn passenger carequivalent units

Road sectionwithout counting

29

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D)Technological improvements allow for the production of more advanced products, and are essentially the main generator of growth in modern economies. These changes are set in motion by the process of research and development, in which ideas are turned into goods.Israel is a leader among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries in research and development endeavors, as reflected in the ratio of national expenditure on R&D to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Israel, the share of the business sector in the national expenditure on civilian R&D is among the highest in OECD member countries and is conducted mainly in high technology industries and in the Computer and Related Services Division, as well as in the Research and Development Division.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)Information and Communications Technologies are among the fastest growing industries in the past decade. These industries include divisions of manufacturing, services and wholesale trade, whose activities focus on products for processing, broadcasting, and displaying information using electronic communications technology. ICT is characterized by high productivity (in 2015, jobs in those industries, which comprise 6.3% of all jobs in the business sector, yielded 10.6% of the product in that sector). ICT involves intensive research and development activities, and much of the ICT output is channeled toward exports.Israel occupies a leading position in various information technology indicators in comparison to many countries that are members of the OECD.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYDid you know?

In 2015, 19.2% of all exports were from Information and Communications Technologies (ICT).

מדע וטכנולוגיה

0

4

8

12

16

20

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Per

cent

ages

Share of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT),

out of all Industries

ExportsProduct (out of total business sector)Employment

Manufacture of pharmaceutical

products, including

homeopathic preparations

6.0%

Manufacture of measuring,

testing, navigating and

control equipment,

watches and clocks5.9%

Manufacture of communication

equipment4.9%

Manufacture of irradiation,

electromedical, electrothera-peutic and

surgical equipment

2.8%

Manufacture of electrical

equipment, manufacture of machinery and

equipment n.e.c.2.1%

Other7.4%

Computer programming, consultancy and related

activities35.7%

Scientific research and development

35.2%

Research and Development in the Business Sector, by Industry

(2011 Classification)2014

Total business R&D expenditures - NIS 45.1 billion

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Israel SouthKorea

Sweden Japan UnitedStates

OECDAverage

Ireland UnitedKingdom

Greece

Per

cent

ages

Cur

rent

dol

lars

in te

rms

of p

urch

asin

g po

wer

of G

DP

National Expenditure on Civilian Research and Development as a Percentage of the GDP and per Capita in Selected OECD Countries

in Terms of Purchasing Power Parities (PPP)2014

Per capita Percentage of GDP

29


0

4

8

12

16

20

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Per

cent

ages





products, including


6.0%



control equipment,



equipment4.9%



surgical equipment

2.8%




Other7.4%


activities35.7%


35.2%




0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Israel SouthKorea


OECDAverage


Greece

Per

cent

ages

Cur

rent

dol

lars

in te

rms

of p

urch

asin

g po

wer

of G

DP

National Expenditure on Civilian Research and Development as a Percentage of the GDP and per Capita in Selected OECD Countries

in Terms of Purchasing Power Parities (PPP)2014


29


0

4

8

12

16

20

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Perc

enta

ges





products, including


6.0%



control equipment,



equipment4.9%



surgical equipment

2.8%




Other7.4%


activities35.7%


35.2%




0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Israel SouthKorea


OECDAverage


Greece

Perc

enta

ges

Curre

nt d

olla

rs in

term

sof

pur

chas

ing

powe

r of G

DPNational Expenditure on Civilian Research and Development as a

Percentage of the GDP and per Capita in Selected OECD Countries in Terms of Purchasing Power Parities (PPP)

2014


29

30

Environment is affected by the interactions among humans, flora, fauna, and their physical surroundings. Intensive human intervention on earth has changed environmental conditions and caused environmental hazards such as: air pollution, water and ground pollution, damage to biodiversity, and accumulation of toxic waste.

Air pollution is a process in which matter generated by human activity and natural sources penetrates the atmosphere in concentrations that are hazardous to humans and the environment. The main sources of air pollution are: fuel combustion from motor vehicles and industries, as well as industrial processes such as production of cement, and landfills that emit gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter. These sources, among others, cause greenhouse gases to be emitted, which lead to global warming and climate changes.

Israel faces difficult challenges related to the amount and quality of water that is suitable and available for use in agriculture, industry, and households. There are various indices for testing water quality, including concentrations of nitrates, turbidity, and salinity (chlorides). In Israel, the permitted standard of chlorides in drinking water is 600 mg. per liter. By contrast, the standard permitted by the World Health Organization is only 250 mg. per liter. The main water sources in Israel are the Coastal Aquifer, the Mountain Aquifer, and the Sea of Galilee.

Recycling is a process of removing material from the waste flow and using it as raw material or to create new products. This process diminishes the use of natural resources and contributes to saving energy and reducing pollution.

ENVIRONMENTDid you know?In 2015, about 5.1 million tons of domestic and commercial solid waste were collected.

סביבה

0102030405060708090

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

)1(20

08 2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Milli

on to

ns o

f car

bon

diox

ide

(CO

2) Emissions of Greenhouse Gases

Greenhouse gases containing fluorideCarbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide

(1) Since 2008, also includes greenhouse gases containing fluoride.

050

100150200250300350400

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015Con

cent

ratio

n of

chl

orid

es (m

gl) Average Salinity in the Water Sources

Coastal aquifer Mountain aquiferSea of Galilee

Source: The Hydrological Service and the Kinneret Limnological Laboratory.

0100200300400500600700800900

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Thou

sand

tons

Recycled Waste, by Type of Material

Metal Organic materialPaper and newspaper Yard waste and woodPlastic

30

Information Units

Jerusalem: 66 Kanfe Nesharim St., Corner Bachi St. P.O.B. 34525, Jerusalem 9134401 Tel.: 02-659-2666, Fax: 02-652-1340

Tel Aviv-Yafo: 86 Menachem Begin Rd. (Bet Leo Goldberg) 3rd Floor P.O.B. 57207, Tel Aviv 6157101 Tel.: 03-568-1933, Fax: 03-568-1946

Library/Research Rooms

The Central Bureau of Statistics library in Jerusalem is open to the public:Sunday–Thursday from 9:00 to 15:00, Tel. 02-659-2555.The research rooms at the CBS offices in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv-Yafo, and Haifa are available to researchers in accordance with the regulations. Visits are by appointment only.

Contact Information for Persons in CBS Survey Samples

E-mail: [email protected]

Telephone: 1-800-232-233 from 8:00 to 16:00

1-800-210-290 from 8:00 to 21:00 (in the Jerusalem area)

CBS website: www.cbs.gov.il

E-mail: [email protected]

Editing: Keren Yaffe

With the participation of (in alphabetical order):Roi Abudi, Michal Abouganem, Miri Alon, Yosef Andreas, Dvorit Angel-Ze'evi, Yonatan Bar-On, Boaz Ben Aharon, Miri Ben Tulila, Dudi Ben-Naim, Tuly Berlyanchik, Galina Braverman, Nava Brenner, Helen Brusilovsky, Revital Cohen, Nurit Dobrin, Lior Dopaz, Michal Eliav, Carole Feldmann, Batsheva Fishman, Gilat Galimidi, Tania Glaz, Vered Granit, Tova Humphris, Tilda Khait, Evyatar Kirchberg, Tehila Klein, Gershon Kun, Shlomo Nahir, Yael Nuriel, Liat Rachavi-Italiano, Naama Rotem, Chani Shamir, Marina Sheppes, Roman Zilberschlag, Orit Yalon-Shuqrun, Dr. Moshe Yanai, Gil Yasur, Galia Yohay, Nava Ziv-Shaul.

Members of the Statistical Abstract Steering Committee:

Arie Aharon, Yosef Gidanian, Dalit Goldfus, Mirit Hochman-Cohen, Mark Feldman, Dr. Ahmad Hleihel, Avigail Levi, Sigalit Mazeh, Esther Negari, Ari Paltiel, Sari Paz, Eran Ropalidis, Oz Shimony, Tali Tal, Keren Yaffe, Amit Yagur-Kroll.

Translation: Miriam Schneiderman

Diagrams: Emanuel Blanco

Maps: Oren Raz

Graphic Design: Shahar-Shoshana Studio, Scorpio 88 Group

January 2017

OBTAINING STATISTICAL INFORMATION AND PURCHASING PUBLICATIONS

Statistical information, publications, and tailor-made statistical analyses can be obtained by phone, fax or e-mail from the Statistical Information Center (Information Units), Sunday–Thursday from 9:00 to 16:00.The offices are open to the public from 9:00 to 13:00.

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