56

1908 Ehrlich()

(

The prevention or treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances. The term is some times restricted to the treatment of infectious diseases with antibiotics and other drugs or to the control of cancer with antimetabolites and similar drugs.chemotherapy

(chemotherapy agent)

1,4--4--3- 1,4--4--3- (Quinolone Antimicrobial Agents)

-4--3-t1/2761587

123

DNA

1DNA

2

12345678BAAB,112324-34DNA22N5-NH2546-F1DNA2-172F1-703078HClNO2NH2FFCH3>H>OCH3>C2H5>OC2H51,8SSR2

pipemidic acid 3H2O

11N2NOSNP342 1234 a, b, c, d34

8-Ethyl-5,8-dihydro-5-oxo-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid 3H2O8--5--58--2-1-[23-d]-6- 123456abcdef

+NaOH

norfloxacin 2070

1-Ethyl-6-Fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid 1--6--1,4--4--7-1--3-

122mol/L50h69%

,

NC N-

N-

4P76

ciprofloxacin HCl H2O

1--6--14--4--7-1--3- HCl H2O1-Cycloporopyl-6-Fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid monohydrate

-

1. 15--8-25--8-2-4

2. 5-8-74-10

3. 8NC72-4

34 (P450)

(tuberculostatics)

1946 1944

1952-NH-CHS

12200-500

112688-OCH337

isoniazid

4-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide4- 41

111pH7.521

2 pH

3 O2

4N2 Br2I2

12

rifampicin

(Streptomyces mediterranei) ABCDEB BSVSV1--4-SV32

3-[[(4--1-)]]3-[[(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)iminol]methyl]rifamycin123

1- -OH-C=O-NH

II

pH4-6.5

Rifampicin

56

1234

1908Gelmo1932Domagk1935Foerster

1945

204050

2050

1

2

Wood-fieldsPABAL- PABAPABA

PABA folic acid F) DNA

-PABA

PABA

12N>>344

Sulfadiazine

N-2--4-4-Amino-N-2-pyrimidinyl benzensulfonamide

CO2

trimethoprim5-[(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine5-[(3,4,5-)]-2,4-1324521345

- ;- ;

antifungal drugs Fungi300000medical mycolgy270

(Endogenous)

(Exogenous)

Superficial mycoses(Systemic mycoses)

123

1.2.B

Bamphotericin B

BK+

1B 2B

B

BAmBisomeBAbelcetBAmphotecBNS-718

56

123

1. 2.12121NAr3Ar4R1R2R1R2R1

3.

1-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole nitrate1-[2,4---(4-)]HNO321

12C-1C-2NC-1

24-4-

14-Lanosterol 14-demethylase14-P450(Ergosterol)Lanosterol14-,

-(2,4-)--(1H-1,2,4--1-)-1H-1,2,4--1--(2,4-Difluorophenyl)--(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmehyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol2134

56

antiviral agents

Amantadine

48AB

1--D--1H-124--3-1--D-Ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide

ribavirinRNA

zidovudine

AZT

zidovudine 196419721984human immuno-deficiency VirusHIV1987

AIDSHIVHIVHIV

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsNRTIsHIVDNAAZTTP HIVRTRT

acyclovir 2-Amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6H-purin-6-one9-(2-)213456789

acycloviracycloviracyclovirDNADNAacycloviracyclovir

acyclovir

56

antiparasitic drugs 1212

112345

2

[5--1H--2-][5-(Propylthio)-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid methyl ester21345

albendazole52

1234

:114- 24- 38-23

14(quinine)171820

quinine(quinidine)(cinchonine)(cinchonidine)Quinine (3R4S8S9R)(3R4S8S9S) (3R4S8S9S)(3R4S8S9R) quinine quinidine cinchonidine cinchonine 3R,4S,8S,9R 3R,4S,8S,9S 3R,4S,8S,9R 3R,4S,8S,9S

26

24

N4-(7-Chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N1,N1-di ethyl-1,4-pentanediaminediphosphate N1,N1--N4-(7--4-)-14- 2H3PO42134512345678

*

4,714

388-(primaquine)

(artemisinin)1971(Aremisia annua Linn)

C-10(dihydroartemisinin)

(Artemether)(Arteether)-(Artesunat)-

()Artemisinin---1,2,4-5

Artemisinin109RS67

(Pyrimethamine)(Nitroquine)

123

DNA

1. 15--8-25--8-2-4

2. 5-8-74-10

3. 8NC72-4

34 (P450)

(tuberculostatics)

1234

Wood-fieldsPABAL- PABAPABA

1B2 3

antiviral agents

antiparasitic drugs 1212