5DYQDQMH]RG SDGNLY V RGREQLGUX çEL

Ravnanje z odpadki v sodobni družbi

dr.sc. Renato Šarc

Montanuniversitaet Leoben,

Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management

9. Konferenca Komunalnega Gospodarstva, Podčetrtek, 20.09.2019.

Start: 01.04.2017 (4 years)

Total costs: € 4,880,000

K-Project ReWaste4.0 started

ReWaste4.0 investigates and develops new methods, technologies and concepts!

RIL-dijagram za dinamičku vizualizaciju

Tehničko-tehnološki razvoj sustava

Ekonomski i ekološki optimum

Zaključak

3 teme…

64

55

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14 15

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Spaljivanje /energetska oporaba

Odlaganje

Recikliranje

Razvoj obrade otpada u EU od 1995. do 2016.

- 40%

+ 29%

+ 13%

60 mil. t ! 5 @ Sarc

65 mil. t !

110 mil. t !

Prikaz razvoja i povezanosti pomoću

„ternarnog RIL-dijagrama“

Spaljivanje/ Energetska oporaba

„ternarni dijagram“

Svaka država je pozicionirana

EU prosjek (2016.):

24% odlaganje

27% spaljivanje/e.o.

46% recikliranje

„Cilj EU“ (2035.)

65%

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20 @ Sarc

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24 @ Sarc

EU: 1990.-2035.

Povezani razvoj

1990.

2010. 2005.

2000.

1995.

2016.


„Cilj EU“ (2035.)

65%

EU

25 @ Sarc

2016 20082006

2004

20011998

1995

2016

2010

2005

2000

1995

„Države oporabitelji“

26 @ Sarc

Novi paket:

Jedinstvena

metoda za

izračun stope

reciklaže!

Primarna selekcija i sortiranje KO nisu „recikliranje“!

20162015

2013

2010

2006

Pozitivan trend i u HR


„Cilj EU“ (2035./40.)

65%

Trenutni cilj HR (2020.)

50%

27 @ Sarc

21% u 2016. Eurostat, 2018

HAOP, 2018. „…Time je stopa oporabe komunalnog otpada u 2017. godini iznosila 24%, što je za 3% više nego u 2016. godini. Stopa recikliranja komunalnog otpada iznosila je također 24% što je još uvijek niže od ciljanog udjela za 2020. godinu koji sukladno čl.55. ZOGO iznosi 50%. …„

Dinamičan razvoj i odličan primjer = Slovenija

28 @ Sarc Spaljivanje/ Energetska oporaba

Tehničko-tehnološki razvoj

sustava gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom

Pomberger & Sarc, 2017./2018.

29 @ Sarc

30 @ Sarc

MUNICIPAL WASTE

Waste DUMP

1. Level of waste treatment

Informal collection

31 @ Sarc

MUNICIPAL WASTE

LANDFILL

Informal collection


32 @ Sarc

MUNICIPAL

WASTE LANDFILL

SEPARATE COLLECTION

metal paper glass plastics

Organised wm or

Informal sector

…

MUNICIPAL

WASTE LANDFILL

„recyclables“

metal paper glass plastics

Organised wm

…

Sorting plant

alternative

Residues and

„Recyclables“


33 @ Sarc

INCINERATION (MSWI)

MSWI = Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator

LANDFILL

direct Recycling in industry

Bio-Waste Secondary Raw

Materials

Product (Compost,

Biogas,

Biodiesel)

Residues

MUNICIPAL

WASTE

SEPARATE COLLECTION

Sorting plant

Recycling In industry

biological treatment

Separate Collection & Recycling

+ MSWI


34 @ Sarc

INCINERATION (MSWI)

Construction material



Materials

Product (Compost,

Biogas,

Biodiesel)

Residues

MUNICIPAL

WASTE

SEPARATE COLLECTION

Sorting plant



MP-TREATMENT for RECOVERY

Re

sid

ue

s

Combustion

Residues (Ashes, Slags)

Mechanical

treatment

plant


Metals

(Fe, NON-Fe)

LANDFILL

MSWI = Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator


Separate Collection & Recycling

+ MSWI + Slag Recycling

35 @ Sarc

SEPARATION Plant (MP/MB-Treatment)

MP TREATMENT

SRF-Recovery

BIOLOGICAL Treatment (MB)

Co-INCINERATION WtE-Plants

LANDFILL Residues

Coarse, lightweight

fraction Fine, heavyweight fraction

Metals

(Fe, NON-Fe)

MP = Mechanical-Physical MB = Mechanical-Biological SRF = Solid Recovered Fuel WtE = Waste to Energy



Materials

Product (Compost,

Biogas,

Biodiesel)

Residues

MUNICIPAL

WASTE

SEPARATE COLLECTION

Sorting plant



MBT

Co-Incineration

Mechanical

treatment

plant


6. Level of waste treatment Separate Collection &

Recycling + Mechanical Treatment

+ Biological Treatment + SRF

36 @ Sarc


MP TREATMENT

SRF-Recovery



LANDFILL Residues

Coarse, lightweight


Metals

(Fe, NON-Fe)



Materials

Product (Compost,

Biogas,

Biodiesel)

Residues

MUNICIPAL

WASTE

SEPARATE COLLECTION

Sorting plant



MBT

Co-Incineration

Mechanical

treatment

plant


sta

bili

sation


7. Level of waste treatment Separate Collection &

Recycling +Mechanical Treatment + Biological Stabilisation

+ SRF

37 @ Sarc


MP TREATMENT

SRF-Recovery



LANDFILL Residues

Coarse, lightweight


Metals

(Fe, NON-Fe)



Materials

Product (Compost,

Biogas,

Biodiesel)

Residues

MUNICIPAL

WASTE

SEPARATE COLLECTION

Sorting plant



MBT

Co-Incineration

Mechanical

treatment

plant


sta

bili

satio

n


Recyclables

from MP treatment and SRF –plants to sorting plant

and direct recycling

Mechanical Treatment

+ Biological Stabilisation + SRF


38 @ Sarc


MP TREATMENT

SRF-Recovery



LANDFILL Residues

Coarse, lightweight


Metals

(Fe, NON-Fe)



Materials

Product (Compost,

Biogas,

Biodiesel)

Residues

MUNICIPAL

WASTE

SEPARATE COLLECTION

Sorting plant



MBT

Co-Incineration

Mechanical

treatment

plant


sta

bili

satio

n

INCINERATION (MSWI)

MP-TREATMENT for RECOVERY

Re

sid

ue

s

Combustion

Residues (Ashes,

Slags)

Me

tals

(Fe

, NO

N-

Fe

)

How to reach circular economy

recycling rates?

9. High end - reality - combinations MP = Mechanical-Physical MB = Mechanical-Biological SRF = Solid Recovered Fuel WtE = Waste to Energy

Ekonomski i ekološki optimum

39 @ Sarc

Ekonomski optimum

Ekonomski

optimum

Stopa reciklaže u %

Prihod kroz

supstituciju sirovine

Troš

kovi

i P

rih

od

i u N

J

Trošak

reciklianja

0 100

Kod smanjenja cijena sirovina

smanjuju se optimalna stopa

reciklaže i prednosti reciklaže!

Visoka cijena sirovine

Niska cijena sirovine

40 @ Sarc Pomberger, R. (2016.) Recy & DepoTech 2016.

Ekonomski

optimum

Ekološki optimum

Stopa reciklaže u %

Prihod kroz

supstituciju sirovine

Troš

kovi

i P

rih

od

i u N

J Trošak

reciklianja

Ekološki t rošak

Koliko nam vrijedi viši standard?

Tko će platiti razliku?

0 100

41 @ Sarc

Glavni aspekt između ekonomskog i ekološkog

optimuma

Pomberger, R. (2016.) Recy & DepoTech 2016.

Zaključak – odabrani aspekti

42 @ Sarc

43 @ Sarc

Ravnanje z odpadki v sodobni družbi

System in balance:

1) Acceptance

2) Quantity

3) Capacities

Acceptance (e.g. costs)

Waste

management

in balance

China – from green fence to national sword

Recycling

capacities in EU must be built up!

05.10.2019 45

New modern technologies!

46 Renato Sarc

SMART Waste Factory 4.0

Machine data

„Smart Waste

Factory 4.0“

Characterisation

Quality Sorting

Impurities

Machines

Mixed

Input Quality

Secondary

Raw Materials &

Fuels

Digital cross-linking

Online/ontime waste data and plant control

Cooperation men-machine

W4.0

New markets for regranulates Prognosis 2025

+10 Mio. t/a

more plastic granulates

https://recyclingportal.eu/Archive/47349

We have to bring them back into the products

More co-incineration plants

Less MSW incinerators

But

more

Co-incineration

and

WtE plants in industry

http://www.enages.at/

https://www.aebamsterdam.com/

Substitution of conventional fuels

2013: 72.4%

2014: 75.5%

2015: 76.1%

2016: 78.2%

2017: 80.6%

2018: 81.2%

RDF – total amount 2018:

555,614 t/a Quellen: Mauschitz 2018

VÖZ (2015): Zement trägt Verantwortung Nachhaltigkeitsbericht 2014

SRF: 358,580 t (2018)

Positive Development of Energy Recovery of RDF in Austrian Cement Industry: 1988 - 2018

49 @ Sarc

50 Renato Sarc RDF (ohne SRF)

1988

1990

1992

1996 2000 2002

2004

2006

1998

2008

2010

2012 2014 2016

2017

(mass related % evaluation)

TSR in cement industry and importance of SRF

„SRF“ (2018): 101 kg SRF/tKlinker

68 kg SRF/tZement

6.18 t/Betriebsstunde

Auswertung basiert auf Daten aus

Mauschitz (2019)

2018

Hvala!

dr.sc. Renato Šarc [email protected]

Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Austria) Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

5DYQDQMH]RG SDGNLY V RGREQLGUX çEL