• Home

  • Documents

  • 7 Positive Emotions Broaden the Scope of Attention - Branigan
22
Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires Barbara L. Fredrickson and Christine Branigan University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA The broaden-and-build theory Fredrickson, 1998, 2001) hypothesises that positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Two experiments with 104 college students tested these hypotheses. In each, partici- pants viewed a film that elicited a) amusement, b) contentment, c) neutrality, d) anger, or e) anxiety. Scope of attention was assessed using a global-local visual processing task Experiment 1) and thought-action repertoires were assessed using a Twenty Statements Test Experiment 2). Compared to a neutral state, positive emotions broadened the scope of attention in Experiment 1 and thought-action repertoires in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, negative emotions, relative to a neutral state, narrowed thought-action repertoires. Implications for promoting emotional well-being and physical health are discussed. Emotions are short-lived experiences that produce coordinated changes in people's thoughts, actions, and physiological responses. Several emotion the- orists have explained these coordinated changes with the construct of specific action tendencies Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 1991; Levenson, 1994). During emotions, this reasoning holds, specific action tendencies infuse both mind and body, simultaneously narrowing individuals' action urges e.g., flight in fear, attack in anger) while mobilising appropriate bodily support for those specific actions e.g., increased blood flow to large muscles in fear). Specific action tendencies are also invoked to explain the evolutionary adaptive value of emotions: The specific action urges called forth during emotions are said to represent those actions that best ensured our ancestors' survival in life-or-death situations Tooby & Cosmides, 1990). Correspondence should be addressed to Barbara L. Fredrickson, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 525 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA; e-mail: [email protected]. Fredrickson's research on positive emotions is supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health MH53971 and MH59615), a Rackham Faculty Grant, and Fellowship from the University of Michigan, and by an award from the John Templeton Foundation and the American Psychological Association 2000 Templeton Positive Psychology Prize). # 2005 Psychology Press Ltd http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/pp/02699931.html DOI:10.1080/02699930441000238 COGNITION AND EMOTION 2005, 19 3), 313±332

7 Positive Emotions Broaden the Scope of Attention - Branigan

  • Upload
    nbc4me

  • View
    221

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Positive Psychology

Citation preview

  • C40 !

    !"# ! $ ! %&!# % ' ! ( !! "% $# C40 ## C40 # C40 C40 C40 & )! $ %

    "

    !

    C40*&!# ! %

    % )# C40*&!# #! !"# ! $ *&!# ! *&!# ( *&!# " # " % ! (#! $ !## % !

    *# " &! !

    !!+ ! ! )" #

    " &! % $

    C40, -. / . " ' 0

    #

    !$ $ #

    # % "+ C40 $ $

    % #

    !!! !! $ !$

    C40 $% # $ )!$

    " &! " !" " $

    #1 !$ $ #

    ! + "" $

    C40 2 #

    !

    0!# $ 3

    4" $ 5 66 * 4" 7" 7 7 5( ' 4)7. #1

    $8#

    + !" #

    !! $# 9 ( $

    5 : C405:6; %! $#

    4" $ 5 % $# ? #! 7#

    3 7

    C40 #! 3" 3 3/

    6 3 3

    !1@@%%%$@,@!!@-;# 0A(1@-;'';

    A>9((A9 790 *5A(A9

    6 C40; ;;B;;

  • 7 # #

    %

    !$ &

    !" # , # C40

    , -. / % " C40 . 2

    . 2 " &

    %

    C

    #! " %

    #! !" # A

    $ $ !" # C40 $ " , "

    # " !$ !$ C40

    2 " 7

    !" # $

    " $ # " C40" *# 2

    & # " !! !$

    % " 1 ($ !$

    $ !" # ! ! $

    # " &!

    ($ !" # % " #

    # $ $

    !# !! !$ % D 0 !"

    # " "" !" "D + C40

    $ !" #

    $# $ $ !" " #

    #! (

    #!#1 C # " # %

    "+ ## ! $ !$

    C40 $ # !" # "

    + ## ! !#! # ! %

    $

    ! C40 ! &! "

    .

    C % ! $ " # %

    !" % !$

    ! $ !" # % !"

    " ! $

    " $ ! C40

    3" ( !! ## !" # #

    EE ++ ! # " # EE ++

    C40

    # !" #F # F

    ! ! # ! !# "

    " % ! " C40$ $% $# " 7

    $ !#

    !$ (

    # " ! %

    EE" $ ##

    !++ C40 ! ;;

    !"# $# %$#&$#

  • # ! C40 !

    . 2 )# . 0 )% 2

    C40 $! !! %. 7 9# 7

    5G 2 :# . ; C40 %

    $ # #!& &" . /# 2

    = .

  • % $ ! $ " % C40

    $ ! $ ( 2

    0# ' ( " % &!

    !" $$ ! !$ $ " !

    $ " ! C40G 2 ( ; ( # (

    !" $$ ! EE $& "

    " #++ C40( ! $$

    !# " ! !$ &

    % " !$#

    C407 ( 2 7 (+ % !$

    !" # ! ! !"

    " !" $$ *" # $

    # $$ $ !" $$F $& "

    F# !

    H $

    # $

    0 * C406 !! "

    F! & $F% !

    $ # !! #

    $ $ C40 !! # !

    + # ! $ . $ "% 0 2

    '. (

  • ! C40 0 2 = 0 2

    '

    7 $

    % # !" #

    ! $ "

    "1

    5

    $ &!# !!!

    )!$ #! $ #

    $# %

    #!

    ! C

    % % %

    ! $ $%

    % !"

    $

    !

    # !

    ! % H # "

    C40 # % !

    $

    $ # $ C409" ! C40 # #!

    &!# $$ $ !! #

    $ $$ % !!# # !! %"

    ! $ #! !! #

    ! &! , # !" $$ !!#

    " % ! !" #

    *"!+ ,""#! %"$# /

  • "0

    7 &

    % !

    !

    C40 # $ !

    !" $ ( !

    %F"

    F

    !" # % $

    " !! =

    " # " # D

    &!# ! ! ( # %

    &!# #! $# ! %

    !" #

    % 1 ## # %

    %

    " # % 1 & * #

    #!

    *&!# % $

    ! $ "

    !

    *&!#

    % $ ! !

    % )# A !# !

    "

    %

    !" # C40## # %

    C40 ! "

    !

    %

    ! $ C40 ##

    ! C % !

    "

    %

    " # C40 & % C40 !

    "

    !

    % % ! $

    C40 % ## !

    1*,#! $# 2

    ,

    3! % ' " C40--J %#

    ! * " & $

    !! % &!# A$ % *!

    7# C40-'J %# ; % # C40

  • " "! $# ! " &!# #!

    % ! %

    !" #1 EE3++

    C40 # - % ! $ ! % %## ,#!

    !# ## EE9++ C40 # ;; % $ #

    # %# % !# #

    % ! %

    " #1

    EEC

    ++ C40 # ' % ! $ #

    ! $ 7#

    !

    !#

    EE$$++ C40 # 6 % ! # #

    !# & $ 7 $ ! "

    1 EE)++ C40 # ;; % #

    ! $

    ! ! " #

    ! $ %

    #

    "

    !

    ! $# G# 3# C40 (

    # #

    ! $ ! %

    #!

    $ % $ # % B

    # $ # % &! % % #!

    $ % % " C ! # !

    " % $ #!

    $ $%

    # C40 ;B' ! # " !

    % # A % G#+ C40

    $%# ! # $ $ !

    # % # % $ ' #

    - $ # % $ #!

    $ -

    # 3! 7 ! $# % $

    % #!

    $ % # # $ ?#

    $ ! $ $

    # #!

    ( $ ! $+

    $

    # ! $ H # ($ !!

    #!

    $

    # ! $ # C40 7

    $ $

    $ $ #!

    $

    H #

    ! $ H # C40

    # $ $ 3! % "

    $ # ## #!

    $ % #!

    $ #

    $ =! ! % C40

    7 B % !

    $# :

    $ % ! $

    % % $ % %

    *"!+ ,""#! %"$# 4

  • ! $ C400 2 ' ( $

    # ! %

    $ C40! K '

    " $ ## ! %

    #$ ! % )# C40). G

    2 53 6' ? $ "% $# ! )

    !! % % % #

    $ % "% $# 9& % ! % $#

    !$ $ $# 1

    ## # $ %

    !

    # %

    C40 % !" !

    # % $ " "" ! !

    #

    ! %

    % $% %1 EE( %

    LLLL++ # $ # !! #! % %

    !

    $# :

    !

    C &!

    $ !!+ %

    ! C "% H" H %

    !

    $ ! $ " # &"

    " " 1

    @ !@ C40 / $$ ! %@

    % C40 #% $

    # % # !! &

    @!

    C40 ! %# @ C40 % !

    $%

    @#

    C40

    ! $

    ! C40 ! % # @ " $ ,#!

    C40 # ## "

    # $ % !

    C40 # $ C40 " # ! # $ !

    ! " !" $ C40 $

    # ( # % ''J !! %

    # !! $ " " $ "

    # $ # !!

    3! % " A " %

    #$ # % # !" $#

    !! % < $ C40M # $ $ 6 " #

    %

    ! % $# ! #

    7 ! % #

    *&!# !! % $ $#

    %

    "

    !

    EE)# ?# ++

    25 !"# $# %$#&$#

  • &!# ! ! # #!

    %

    % % % % ##

    #!

    3! % #

    "% $ $" $#

    ! $ % ## #! 9&

    #! *# =! # % $ % "%

    $# !

    7$ 6 # *&!# =#

    # $ !

    ! $# *&!# % *&!#

    !! "% # $# % 7$ "%

    $# !

    !! 6 # #! )

    EE(# ++ 7 $ 6 # 9& !!

    #! *# =! # % $ % "%

    $# !

    C $ $# $# ! ," &!

    $! # C !

    !

    % !

    % " C $ & $$

    A #! !# #!

    $ " # C40 K

    ; *! 7# C40 K )# H / !"

    $# $$

    $# $" $# ! $ ," &!

    % !!+ ! *# =! #

    ! # # # $ $# !

    *&!# (! $ $# $#

    # &! !%

    #!

    $# 3 # ## ! 9

    # # C

    #

    $$ # $ & C40 $$

    & % $$ C

    % # 5"

    # # ! $ # % H C40<

    ! % ! / $ # $

    ) $# # # ! % / $ # #

    $# # *# $$ &

    *"!+ ,""#! %"$# 2

  • $%6 , )

    $

    % & ' (

    7##

    5 <

    5 6;; 6< -

  • 7

    !! # % '- C40* K -6 C

    $ ! $$ 6 79AN7 C40#>! )& * # $$ $ $# ! % $ $$ $C40' - K '; K ' ! #

    $ # >! ! $ # % % !"

    # $# !F3 9F!

    7 ! $# % !" # $# #

    $ $# C40 K

    $ % " ! $$ $#

    C40 K K 6

    > #

    *"!+ ,""#! %"$# 2

  • ;

    7

    !! # ! / &

    # $ # #! ) % - C40* K 6; C

    $ ! $$ ! / 6 79AN7 C40#>! )& * # $$ $ $# ! % $ $$ $C40' - K '' K ; ; ! #

    ! / $ # >! 7 $ *&!# ! $ #

    % % !" # $# !F3 9F

    ! ! 7 ! $#

    % !" # $# # $

    ! $# C40 K - K ;;

    !" $# ! $ $$ # $ # 3

    $# C40 K K 6 # $ 9 ! C40

    K ' K ! / $ % !" #

    $# $$ $# C40 O % !" # $#

    # ! $ !

    % " # $# # C40 K ' O

    !! !# !

    !" #

    ! " !" ! !! $

    !

    " # % !

    ; A !!+ $ *&!# % #

    ! / #

    2 !"# $# %$#&$#

  • 7 ! $# % " # $# #

    # # ! $#

    C40 K6; K -' " $# ! # $$# $ C

    $# C40 K -' K 6 % $$ $ & $$ !

    $ C40 K K - ! / $ % "! $$ $# O

    C &! $$ $ !!+ ! )

    $" # >! % $ #!

    $# $ # $# C $

    #! !! % "% $# !"

    # $# ! ! # $H @

    "1 3 " ) C40< K -6 K . 9 " ) C40< K

    66' O &

    @! "1 3 " ) C40< K K

    ;. 9 " ) C40< K K ' % "% #

    3 $# ! # $H ! C40< K 6- K

    C40< K K ; " " !" $

    C40< K ; K ; $% !@ C40< K- K ;' (

    # % !" # $# !!+

    ! " $

    # 3 $# !$

    * $$ $ " $# % !

    #! $# % $ !! "

    # $# ! ! $% @1 C

    " ) C40<

    K ; K '. $$ " ) C40< K -' K .

    @#

    1 C

    " ) C40< K ; K . $$ " )C40< K - K ;; %@%1 C

    " ) C40< K K '. $$ " ) C40< K K

  • ! "

    !

    !!

    &! !" # & ! $

    !! &! ! # %

    $

    # " $ 0 + C40'

    !" # ! $ ( *&!#

    ! ! % )# % !!

    &! !" # " # #

    !! &! ! # (#! $$

    &!# % # "

    #!

    !" # $

    !

    # #!

    "

    7 &!# " $ % $ %

    ! $ !" # " $ ##

    % % " $ #

    %

    # !#

    !!+ ## # $ !" ( #

    ! !! ! $ !

    !" # ! $ ) !" #

    ! 7 $$ # $

    %

    ! $ !" # # ## #

    )!! $ % ! % # # *&!#

    "

    !

    !" " "

    # % ! $ " $

    % !

    C400 2 = .

    * 6. (

  • " C40$ ## !$

    $

    % % # C40 % $

    !! $ "

    !

    "

    3 *" ) "

    % ! ! " # $

    & $ #

    #! % #

    C40

    $$" C40& $

    % !$

    % C40 . / . "

    ' % ! % !! $$ %

    % & C40) 6

    7

    % !

    !"

    # ! $ "

    !

    #!

    " !" $$

    " !

    # ! $

    !

    C40 5 2 C #

    #" !

    $$$ C40 5 C 7 2 C ;. C 3 2 )#

    6 & !

    $ ! $ "

    #

    $$$ # # !

    #

    C409"

  • # ! ! ! $ "

    #D 0

    &! !! "

    D 0 ! $ % ##D 0

    $& D C

    ! $ $$D 7 !#

    #! 7 C40 D C

    !% ""D $$ & !"

    # ## #D C $$

    !

    # !" # #D

    0! " H $ %

    !" # ! $ #!

    $ !!+ # % ! !

    % !! % &! &!

    !" #

    ! # $$" %

    " &! C40

    7!% . 2 G

  • ) !" # "

    ! ! !!+

    ! ! " H &!#

    ! ! $ ! % !

    % $#

    1 !

    !" #

    ! $ C !! % " $

    !

    !

    # $ !

    & !" #

    !!+ ## ! !#

    " "!# $ !!+ % "

    "

    # $ C !

    $ ! % # !

    #! % !" #

    $ H !#

    % $1 # % # % !" #

    # " # $

    5! " ?

    ="

    #! " ; A ;

    #!

    7 9 ? 2 3% 3 ) C40 2 G ? C40; *# 1 *$$ $ !" "

    # #! ,# $ # % !2 '-B'

    > 7 2 G 0 C40< &!

    $ # $ ,

    "# , % !01 -B;

  • 0 0 0 )% 0 7 2 C N C40 3" # $

    "1 $# , %

    % .0

    'B;

    0 0 2 = 5 7 C40 7& $1 #

    ! $ % * "6

  • ( 7 5 0# G 7 2 9% > 3 C40< 3" $$ $ " !#

    " , %

    % 6" B;

    ( 7 5 ? 5 5 ) 5/ * 2 = > C406 $ $ !" $$

    $ %

    , %

    % 2.

    ';B'-

    ( 7 5 2 5 C40; $ $ !" $$

    #

    ( " B;

    ( 7 5 =/% 7 ) 2 I 5 ? C40 $ $ !" $$

    !# " * ' !! B

  • 3!! ? C40 7 $ !"

    !# $

    !$

    1 7 #D ( * % -

    B

    3! : = 7# * 2 C40 3" # &" $1

    *" $# )! $ " B

    = = 2 G 0 G C40 5 % " ( / , +

    B


Handball's emotions nr3

Handball's emotions nr3

Documents
NEUROBIOLOGIE DES EMOTIONS

NEUROBIOLOGIE DES EMOTIONS

Documents
Motivation and emotions

Motivation and emotions

Education
“Broaden Your Potential” - The National Graduate …ngs.edu/.../01/ASQ-Presentation-Broaden-Your-Potential.pdf“Broaden Your Potential” The Advantages of Higher Education in

“Broaden Your Potential” - The National Graduate …ngs.edu/.../01/ASQ-Presentation-Broaden-Your-Potential.pdf“Broaden Your Potential” The Advantages of Higher Education in

Documents
Dragon Boat Emotions

Dragon Boat Emotions

Documents
Emotions en Musique

Emotions en Musique

Documents
My emotions~

My emotions~

Documents
Liste Des Emotions

Liste Des Emotions

Education
Power point emotions

Power point emotions

Education
Emotions Du Consommateur

Emotions Du Consommateur

Documents
Presentación emotions

Presentación emotions

Documents
Amyris emotions isa15

Amyris emotions isa15

Design
Projeto Emotions

Projeto Emotions

Technology
Measuring Emotions

Measuring Emotions

Lifestyle
Eating 4 Emotions/ Emotions from Eating

Eating 4 Emotions/ Emotions from Eating

Health & Medicine
Emotions and Moods - web.it.nctu.edu.twweb.it.nctu.edu.tw/~uen/courses-2017-Spriing/OB-phd/OB_Chapter4... · Emotions and Moods 4 ... Emotions that have moral implications because

Emotions and Moods - web.it.nctu.edu.twweb.it.nctu.edu.tw/~uen/courses-2017-Spriing/OB-phd/OB_Chapter4... · Emotions and Moods 4 ... Emotions that have moral implications because

Documents
"Laura Branigan Bientôt Vedette de Cinéma" - French magazine "Boys et Girls" (1984)

"Laura Branigan Bientôt Vedette de Cinéma" - French magazine "Boys et Girls" (1984)

Documents
Automotive emotions

Automotive emotions

Automotive
Emotions - Relaxation

Emotions - Relaxation

Documents
Skywalk Emotions 2012

Skywalk Emotions 2012

Documents
11.17.16 vacaciones,progressive,emotions

11.17.16 vacaciones,progressive,emotions

Education
Broaden your horizon - uni-hohenheim.de · FAKULTÄT WIRTSCHAFTS- UND SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN Broaden your horizon DOPPEL-MASTER-PROGRAMME für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler im Rahmen des

Broaden your horizon - uni-hohenheim.de · FAKULTÄT WIRTSCHAFTS- UND SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN Broaden your horizon DOPPEL-MASTER-PROGRAMME für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler im Rahmen des

Documents
Emotions group

Emotions group

Documents
Designing brand emotions

Designing brand emotions

Documents
Les emotions

Les emotions

Education
Skype Emotions

Skype Emotions

Documents
Emotions-expo 2014

Emotions-expo 2014

Documents
Simple Emotions

Simple Emotions

Documents
Physiologie Emotions 2009

Physiologie Emotions 2009

Documents
Brochura Emotions Inside

Brochura Emotions Inside

Documents