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KEMEROSOTAN KERAJAAN JOHOR
Disusun Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN
Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:�Sejarah Tingkatan 1 � DBP�Gred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 � Cerdik Publications�Encarta Encyclopedia�Rujukan Internet
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7.3 KEMEROSOTAN KERAJAAN JOHOR
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1. Perang Johor Jambi
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i. Jambi merupakan jajahan takluk Johor
ii. Abad ke 17 � Jambi mula menyaingi Johor dalamperdagangan dan mula cuba membebaskan diridaripada Johor.
iii. Jambi mendapat bantuan dari Belanda.
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iv.Perang Johor- Jambi
a. 1673 � Johor Lama dan Batu Sawar diserangoleh Jambi.
b. Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III berundurdan bersemayam di Pahang � 1677
c. Jajahan takluk Johor yang lain berusahamembebaskan diri dari Johor.
d. Laksamana Tun Abdul Jamil kalahkan Jambidengan bantuan askar upahan Bugis � 1679
d. Beliau dianugerahi gelaran Paduka Raja atasjasa tersebut.
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2. Perebutan Kuasa
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i. Laksamana Tun Abdul Jamil menjadi begituberkuasa;- ambil alih tugas bendahara menjadi pelantikraja.- pemangku raja - 1623- melantik menantunya Sultan Ibrahim Shah menjadi sultan Johor � 1677
- lantik ahli keluarganya menjadiTemenggungLaksamanaSeri Bija DirajaSri Amar Diraja
- melantik Sultan Mahmud Shah II yang baruberusia 10 tahun menjadi sultan � 1685- melantik anaknya iaitu permaisuri Sultan IbrahimShah menjadi pemangku raja.
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ii. Hal ini tidak disenangi oleh Bendahara TunHabib Abdul Majid.
iii. Tun Abdul Jamil meninggal dunia pada tahun 1688.
iv. Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid mendapatsemula kuasa dan beliau telah menyatupadukansemula pembesar Johor.
v. Apabila beliau meninggal dunia, beliau telahdigantikan oleh anaknya � Tun Abdul Jalil sebagaiBendahara Johor.
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3. PEREBUTAN KUASA
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i. Sultan Mahmud Shah seorang sultan yangsombong dan zalim.
ii. Kezaliman baginda menyebabkan bagindadibunuh.
iii. Baginda tidak meninggalkan sebarang waris.
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iv.Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil dilantik menjadisultan yang baru dengan gelaran Sultan AbdulJalil Riayat Shah IV.
v. Baginda memulakan kesultanan Johor darigolongan bendahara.
vi. Raja Kechil Siak tidak berpuas hati tentangperkara ini.
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vii.Raja Kechil mendakwa dia berhak ataskerajaan Johor.
viii. Baginda menyerang Johor dengan bantuanangkatan perang Minangkabau pada tahun 1717.
ix. Orang Laut juga menyokong Raja Kechil atasalasan kesetiaan pada Kesultanan Melayu Melaka.
x. 21 Mac 1718, Raja Kechil menguasai Johor danmengisytiharkan diri sebagai Sultan Abdul JalilRahmat Shah.
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4. Penglibatan Bugis di Johor
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SULAWESI
- sumber: internet
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i. Keturunan Bendahara Abdul Jalil memintabantuan Bugis untuk mendapatkan semula kuasa.
ii. Raja Sulaiman, anak Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat SyahIV membuat pakatan dengan Bugis 5 bersaudara:Daeng PeraniDaeng MenambunDaeng MerewahDaeng ChelakDaeng Kemasi
iii. 1722, Raja Kechil dapat dikalahkan.
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PUSARA DAENG MEREWAH
- Sumber : internet
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iv.Penguasaan Bugis
a. Raja Sulaiman menjadi sultan Johor yang baru.
b. Daeng Merewah atau Kelana Jaya Putera menjadiYamtuan Muda Riau.
c. Daeng Menampok menjadi Raja Tua.
d. Timbul pergeseran antara Melayu Johor denganorang-orang Bugis.
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v. Pergeseran Melayu dan Bugis di Johor
a. Orang Bugis mahukan sultan Johor dilantikmengikut pilihan mereka.
b. Hal ini menimbulkan kemarahan orang Johor.
b. Orang Bugis menggalakkan anak-anak merekaberkahwin dengan kerabat Johor. Zuriat yanglahir memakai nama Raja dipangkal nama merekacth Raja Ali Haji.
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d. Pertelingkahan berlaku antara Melayu
Johor dan Bugis setiap kali pelantikan
sultan baru.
e. Hal ini melemahkan pentadbiran Kerajaan
Johor.
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vi.Langkah yang diambil oleh Melayu Johoruntuk mengatasi pergeseran.
a. Mereka meminta bantuan Belanda untukmengusir Bugis dari Johor.
b. Masalah tetap timbul apabila Bugis kembali keRiau pada tahun 1802.
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c. Pembesar Johor membina kekuatan
mereka sendiri:
- Temenggung bertapak di Pulau
Bulang, menguasai Temasik dan tanah
besar Johor.
- Bendahara bertapak di Pahang
- Sultan bersemayam di Lingga.
d. Bugis terus menguasai Riau.
e. Orang Laut setia pada pembesar Melaka.
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5. PENGARUH SYARIKAT HINDIA TIMURBELANDA
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i. Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda/ Vereenigde oost-indische Compagnie (VOC) bertapak di Betawi padaabad ke 17.
ii. Berdagang di Batu Sawar pada 1602.
iii.VOC bimbang terhadap kuasa Bugis di Johor.
iv.Beberapa pertempuran antara kedua-dua belahpihak berlaku di Teluk Ketapang dan Riau.
v. David Ruhde dilantik menjadi residen Belanda di Riau.
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vi. Hubungan tegang antara VOC dan Bugis
memberi impak kepada Johor.
vii. Belanda yang bertapak di Melaka dan
Betawi sering mencari peluang untuk
menguasai Johor.
viii. Apabila Belanda mendapat Riau,
kedudukan Yamtuan Muda dihapuskan.
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