Ha

nd

-arm

Vib

rati

on

V

ibra

tio

n w

hit

e f

ing

ers

H

an

d a

rm v

ibra

tio

n s

yn

dro

me

C

au

se a

nd

Eff

ect

s

H

AV

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

& C

on

tro

l

S

tan

da

rds,

lim

its

an

d c

rite

ria

fo

r h

an

d-a

rm

vib

rati

on

H

an

d-t

oo

l v

ibra

tio

n m

ea

sure

me

nts

.

1

Occupational Vib

ration -

A S

hort

His

tory

18

39

-Pneum

atic t

ools

were

fir

st

used in F

rench m

ines

18

62

-Pri

mary

Raynaud's

Phenom

enon (

Raynaud's

D

isease)

identified.

19

11

-Pro

fessor

Lori

ga fir

st

descri

bed v

ascula

r spasm

in

the h

ands o

f It

alian m

iners

usin

g p

neum

atic t

ools

.

19

18

-Alice H

am

ilto

n s

tudie

d m

iners

usin

g d

rills in

lim

esto

ne q

uarr

ies d

escri

bin

g s

pastic a

naem

ia o

f th

e

hands.

19

30

-40

s-

Cases o

f w

hite f

inger

were

identified s

tudie

s in

fett

lers

, ri

vete

rs,

boot

and s

hoe industr

y w

ork

ers

and u

sers

of ele

ctr

ical pow

ere

d r

ota

ting t

ools

19

50

s-

Researc

h lin

ks s

igns a

nd s

ym

pto

ms in n

erv

es,

bones,

join

ts a

nd m

uscle

s w

ith v

ibra

ting t

ools

.

19

68

-69

-Aft

er

12-1

4 y

ears

of continuous c

hain

saw

use

wid

espre

ad c

om

pla

ints

of

VW

F in o

pera

tors

. 1

97

5-

Scale

for

assessin

g t

he e

xte

nt

of vascula

r in

jury

associa

ted w

ith v

ibra

tion w

hite f

inger

published b

y

Taylo

r-Pelm

ear

2

19

85

-VW

F b

ecom

es a

pre

scri

bed d

isease for

Industr

ial

Inju

ries D

isable

ment

Benefit

purp

oses

19

87

-Sto

ckholm

scale

for

assessm

ent

of

VW

F p

ublished.

Sta

ndard

for

measure

ment

of

vib

ration p

ublished in B

S

6842.

19

88

U

K H

SE r

esearc

h o

n e

xposure

to H

AV in a

num

ber

of

industr

ies in G

reat

Bri

tain

published.

19

89

-EC M

achin

ery

Dir

ective a

dopte

d;

inclu

des r

equir

em

ents

on H

AV.

19

92

U

K H

SE p

roduce g

uid

ance o

n V

WF in F

oundri

es

19

94

U

K H

SE p

ublish g

eneri

c g

uid

ance o

n H

AV

19

97

U

K H

SE p

ublish a

book o

f vib

ration-r

eduction c

ase

stu

die

s.

30

Sep

tem

ber 1

99

7U

K H

igh C

ourt

aw

ard

s

127,0

00

com

pensation for

VW

F t

o 7

min

ers

, 12,5

00 m

ore

cases in

the p

ipeline

20

02

-D

irective 2

002/4

4/E

C o

n t

he m

inim

um

health a

nd s

afe

ty

requir

em

ents

regard

ing t

he e

xpo-s

ure

of

work

ers

to t

he

risks a

risin

g fro

m p

hysic

al agents

(vib

ration)

was p

ublished

in t

he O

ffic

ial Jo

urn

al of th

e E

uro

pean C

om

munitie

s.

Mem

ber

Sta

tes h

ave 3

Years

fro

m 6

July

2002 t

o im

ple

-m

ent

the D

irective.

2

00

6-

Intr

oduction o

f N

ew

Iri

sh R

egula

tions t

o im

ple

ment

the

Physic

al Agents

(Vib

ration)

Dir

ective 2

002/4

4/E

C.

3

Wh

at

is V

ibra

tio

n?

4

Freq

uen

cy

A

mp

litu

de

A

ccele

rati

on

Vib

ration

is

mot

ion

caus

ed

by

forc

es

applied o

nto

stru

ctur

es a

nd

mac

hines

.

5

Ho

w V

ibra

tio

n C

an

Aff

ect

us?

6

Vib

rati

on

Exp

osu

re

Co

nta

ct w

ith

Vib

rati

ng

Ma

chin

e:

Se

gm

en

tal

Vib

rati

on

Se

gm

en

t o

f b

od

y

such

as

ha

nd

-

tra

nsm

itte

d v

ibra

tio

n (

kno

wn

as

ha

nd

-arm

vib

rati

on

or

HA

V)

7

Ha

nd

-Arm

Vib

rati

on

8

Ch

ain

Sa

w,

Ch

ipp

ing

Ha

mm

er,

Gri

nd

er,

Jig

saw

..

9

Imp

act

Dri

ll,

Gra

ss C

utt

er,

Hig

h S

pe

ed

Cu

t.

10

EF

FE

CT

S O

F V

IBR

AT

ION

S

eg

me

nta

l Vib

rati

on

Ex

po

sure

-Vib

ration

tra

nsmitte

d t

o a

spec

ific

part

of

the

bod

y, i.e

. th

e han

d, ar

m,

or leg

.-

Cau

sed b

y th

e us

e of

vib

rating

han

d-

held t

ools.

-Vib

ration

which is

tran

smitte

d f

rom

the

tool t

o th

e han

ds

and a

rms

of t

he

pers

on h

olding

the

tool a

nd t

his is

calle

d H

and-Arm

Vib

ration

(HAV)

11

WH

AT

IS

HA

V?

HA

V is

vib

rati

on

tra

nsm

itte

d f

rom

wo

rk p

roce

sse

s in

to w

ork

ers

h

an

ds

an

d a

rms.

It

can

be

ca

use

d b

y o

pe

rati

ng

ha

nd

-he

ld p

ow

er

too

ls s

uch

as

roa

d

bre

ake

rs,

ha

nd

-gu

ide

d e

qu

ipm

en

t su

ch a

s la

wn

m

ow

ers

, or

by

ho

ldin

g m

ate

ria

ls b

ein

g p

roce

sse

d

by

ma

chin

es

such

as

pe

de

sta

l gri

nd

ers

.

WH

EN

IS

IT

HA

ZA

RD

OU

S?

Re

gu

lar

an

d f

req

ue

nt

exp

osu

re t

o h

igh

le

vels

of

vib

rati

on

ca

n l

ea

d t

o p

erm

an

en

t in

jury

. T

his

is

mo

st li

kely

wh

en

co

nta

ct w

ith

a v

ibra

tin

g t

oo

l or

pro

cess

is a

re

gu

lar

pa

rt o

f a

pe

rso

ns

jo

b.

12

WH

ICH

JO

BS

AN

D I

ND

US

TR

IES

AR

E M

OS

T L

IKE

LY T

O B

E

AF

FE

CT

ED

BY

HA

V?

Job

s re

qu

irin

g r

eg

ula

r a

nd

fre

qu

en

t u

se o

f vi

bra

tin

g t

oo

ls

an

d e

qu

ipm

en

t a

re f

ou

nd

in a

wid

e r

an

ge

of

ind

ust

rie

s, f

or

exa

mp

le:

B

uil

din

g a

nd

ma

inte

na

nce

of

roa

ds

an

d r

ail

wa

ys

C

on

cre

te p

rod

uct

s

C

on

stru

ctio

n

Fo

rest

ry

Fo

un

dri

es

H

ea

vy

en

gin

ee

rin

g

M

ine

s a

nd

qu

arr

ies

P

late

an

d s

he

et

me

tal f

ab

rica

tio

n;

P

ub

lic

serv

ice

s

P

ub

lic

uti

liti

es

13

W

HA

T S

OR

T O

F T

OO

LS A

ND

EQ

UIP

ME

NT

CA

N C

AU

SE

VIB

RA

TIO

N I

NJU

RY

?

C

ha

insa

ws

C

on

cre

te b

rea

kers

/ro

ad

dri

lls

H

am

me

r d

rill

s

H

an

d-h

eld

gri

nd

ers

H

an

d-h

eld

sa

nd

ers

P

ed

est

al g

rin

de

rs

P

ow

er

ha

mm

ers

an

d c

his

els

P

ow

ere

d la

wn

mo

we

rs

R

ive

tin

g h

am

me

rs a

nd

bo

lste

rs

S

trim

me

rs/b

rush

cu

tte

rs

14

15

In

du

str

yIn

du

str

yT

yp

e o

f V

ibrati

on

Typ

e o

f V

ibrati

on

Co

mm

on

So

urce o

f V

ibrati

on

Co

mm

on

So

urce o

f V

ibrati

on

Ag

ric

ult

ure

Wh

ole

bod

yTracto

rs

Co

nstr

ucti

on

Wh

ole

bo

dy

Han

d-a

rm

Heavy e

qu

ipm

en

t veh

icle

s

Pn

eu

mati

c t

oo

ls, Jackh

am

mers

Fo

restr

yW

ho

le b

od

y

Han

d-a

rm

Tracto

rs

Ch

ain

saw

s

Fu

rn

itu

re m

an

ufa

ctu

re

Han

d-a

rm

Pn

eu

mati

c c

his

els

Mach

ine t

oo

lsH

an

d-a

rm

Vib

rati

ng

han

d t

oo

ls

Texti

leH

an

d-a

rm

Sew

ing

mach

ines, Lo

om

s

Tran

sp

orta

tio

nW

ho

le b

od

yV

eh

icle

s

Min

ing

Wh

ole

bo

dy

Han

d-a

rm

Veh

icle

op

erati

on

R

ock d

rills

16

Mo

derate

vib

rati

on

gr

inde

rs

sa

nde

rs

jig

sa

ws

Hig

h v

ibrati

on

im

pact

w

ren

che

s

ca

rpet

s

trip

pers

ch

ain

sa

ws

pe

rcu

ssiv

e to

ols

jac

k ha

mm

ers

sc

aler

s

riv

etin

g o

r ch

ippi

ng

ham

mer

s

HE

ALT

H R

ISK

S,

SIG

NS

AN

D S

YM

PT

OM

S

V

asc

ula

r d

iso

rde

rs

Va

rio

us

term

s h

av

e b

ee

n u

sed

to

de

scri

be

vib

rati

on

-in

du

ced

va

scu

lar

dis

ord

ers

:

-Vib

rati

on

-in

du

ced

de

ad

or

wh

ite

fin

ge

r.

-R

ay

na

ud

's s

yn

dro

me

of

occ

up

ati

on

al

ori

gin

.

Init

iall

y a

tta

cks

of

wh

ite

nin

g o

r b

lan

chin

g o

f th

e f

ing

ers

inv

olv

e t

he

tip

s o

f o

ne

or

mo

re f

ing

ers

, b

ut,

wit

h c

on

tin

ue

d

ex

po

sure

to

vib

rati

on

, th

e b

lan

chin

g c

an

ex

ten

d t

o t

he

ba

se

of

the

fin

ge

rs.

17

Se

gm

en

tal

Vib

rati

on

Exp

osu

re

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sy

nd

rom

e (

HA

VS

)

-Vib

ration

-In

duc

ed W

hite

Finge

rs (VW

F)

-Dea

d F

inge

rs o

r Dea

d H

and.

-Ray

naud

's D

isea

se.

-C

arp

al-

Tun

ne

l S

yn

dro

me

(C

TS

).

18

Vib

rati

on

-in

du

ced

Wh

ite

or

De

ad

Fin

ge

r, R

ayn

au

d's

Dis

ea

se

VW

F a

lso

know

n as

"Dea

d F

inge

r" o

r "D

ead

Han

d due

to

poor

blood

sup

ply

in t

he

fing

ers,

ca

used

by

the

prolon

ged u

se o

f vibra

ting

to

ols.

Har

mfu

l hea

lth e

ffec

ts o

f vibra

ting

too

ls a

re

relate

d t

o th

e leng

th o

f time

and t

he

freq

uenc

y of

the

vibra

tion

(how

fas

t th

e to

ol

goes

bac

k an

d f

orth

).

The

long

er a

per

son

uses

a v

ibra

ting

too

l, a

nd

the

fast

er t

he

tool v

ibra

tes,

the

grea

ter

the

risk

of

hea

lth e

ffec

ts.

19

Vib

rati

on

-in

du

ced

Wh

ite

or

De

ad

Fin

ge

r, R

ayn

au

d's

Dis

ea

se.

20

Ne

uro

log

ica

l d

iso

rde

rs

W

ork

ers

ex

po

sed

to

ha

nd

-arm

vib

rati

on

ma

y e

xp

eri

en

ce

tin

gli

ng

an

d n

um

bn

ess

in

th

eir

fin

ge

rs a

nd

ha

nd

s.

Te

mp

ora

ry t

ing

lin

g o

r n

um

bn

ess

du

rin

g o

r so

on

aft

er

use

of

a v

ibra

tin

g h

an

d t

oo

l is

no

t co

nsi

de

red

to

be

VW

F, h

ow

ev

er

tin

gli

ng

an

d n

um

bn

ess

in

th

e f

ing

ers

la

stin

g m

ore

th

an

an

h

ou

r a

fte

r fi

nis

hin

g w

ork

ma

y i

nd

ica

te e

arl

y s

tag

es

of

VW

F.

If

vib

rati

on

ex

po

sure

co

nti

nu

es,

th

ese

sy

mp

tom

s te

nd

to

w

ors

en

. T

he

aff

ect

ed

wo

rke

r ca

n e

xp

eri

en

ce a

co

mp

lete

lo

ss

of

tou

ch s

en

sati

on

an

d m

an

ipu

lati

ve

sk

ill,

wh

ich

ca

n

inte

rfe

re w

ith

wo

rk a

nd

lif

e a

ctiv

ity,

th

us

incr

ea

sin

g t

he

ris

k

for

inju

rie

s d

ue

to

acc

ide

nts

.

21

Mu

scu

losk

ele

tal d

iso

rde

rs

e

xp

osu

re t

o v

ibra

tio

n m

ay

co

mp

lain

of

mu

scu

lar

we

ak

ne

ss,

pa

in i

n t

he

ha

nd

s a

nd

arm

s, a

nd

dim

inis

he

d m

usc

le s

tre

ng

th.

H

ard

en

ing

of

soft

tis

sue

at

the

sit

es

of

ten

do

n a

tta

chm

en

t,

mo

stly

at

the

elb

ow

.

22

WH

AT

IN

JUR

IES

CA

N H

AV

CA

US

E?

Re

gu

lar

exp

osu

re t

o H

AV

ca

n c

au

se a

ra

ng

e o

f p

erm

an

en

t

inju

rie

s to

ha

nd

s a

nd

arm

s in

clu

din

g d

am

ag

e t

o t

he

:

B

loo

d c

ircu

lato

ry s

yste

m (

e.g

. vi

bra

tio

n w

hit

e f

ing

er)

S

en

sory

ne

rve

s

M

usc

les

B

on

es

Jo

ints

23

Han

d A

rm

Vib

rati

on

Han

d A

rm

Vib

rati

on

Cau

ses &

Eff

ects

Cau

ses &

Eff

ects

Sym

pto

ms?

Tingling

and n

umbne

ss in

the

fing

ers.

A los

s of

fee

ling

in t

he

fing

ers.

Lo

ss o

f st

reng

th in

the

han

ds.

Pa

infu

l an

d d

isab

ling

disor

der

s of

the

blood

ves

sels, ne

rves

, jo

ints

and

mus

cles

of

the

han

ds

and a

rms.

The

fing

ers

turn

ing

white

(only

in t

he

tips

at

firs

t) a

nd b

ecom

ing

red a

nd

painfu

l on

rec

over

y.

24

25

26

Facto

rs t

hat

Facto

rs t

hat

IIn

flu

en

ce t

he

nfl

uen

ce t

he EE

ffect

of

ffect

of

VVib

rati

on

on

th

e

ibrati

on

on

th

e HH

an

dan

d

Ph

ysic

al Facto

rs

Bio

dyn

am

ic F

acto

rs

In

div

idu

al Facto

rs

Accele

rati

on

of

vib

rati

on

Grip

fo

rces -

ho

w h

ard

th

e w

orker g

rasp

s t

he

vib

rati

ng

eq

uip

men

tO

perato

r's

co

ntr

ol o

f to

ol

Freq

uen

cy o

f vib

rati

on

Su

rfa

ce a

rea, lo

cati

on

, an

d m

ass o

f p

arts

of

the h

an

d in

co

nta

ct

wit

h t

he s

ou

rce o

f vib

rati

on

Mach

ine w

ork r

ate

Du

rati

on

of

exp

osu

re e

ach

w

orkd

ay

Hard

ness o

f th

e m

ate

ria

l b

ein

g c

on

tacte

d b

y

the h

an

d-h

eld

to

ols

, fo

r e

xam

ple

meta

l in

g

rin

din

g a

nd

ch

ipp

ing

Skill an

d p

ro

du

cti

vit

y

Years o

f em

plo

ym

en

t in

vo

lvin

g

vib

rati

on

exp

osu

re

Po

sit

ion

of

the h

an

d a

nd

arm

rela

tive t

o t

he

bo

dy

In

div

idu

al su

scep

tib

ilit

y t

o

vib

rati

on

Sta

te o

f to

ol m

ain

ten

an

ce

Textu

re o

f h

an

dle

-so

ft a

nd

co

mp

lian

t versu

s

rig

id m

ate

ria

lS

mo

kin

g a

nd

use o

f d

ru

gs.

Exp

osu

re t

o o

ther p

hysic

al

an

d c

hem

ical ag

en

ts.

Pro

tecti

ve p

racti

ces a

nd

eq

uip

men

t in

clu

din

g g

loves,

bo

ots

, w

ork-r

est

perio

ds.

Med

ical h

isto

ry o

f in

jury t

o f

ing

ers a

nd

han

ds,

parti

cu

larly

fro

stb

ite

Dis

ease o

r p

rio

r in

jury t

o t

he

fin

gers o

r h

an

ds

Averag

e l

ate

nt

perio

ds f

or v

ibrati

on

Averag

e l

ate

nt

perio

ds f

or v

ibrati

on

--in

du

ced

in

du

ced

dis

eases i

n d

iffe

ren

t o

ccu

pati

on

sd

iseases i

n d

iffe

ren

t o

ccu

pati

on

s

Occu

pati

on

Occu

pati

on

Sta

ge o

f V

WF

Sta

ge o

f V

WF

Late

ncy (

years)

Late

ncy (

years)

Foundry

work

er

Foundry

work

er

Tin

gling

Tin

gling

Num

bness

Num

bness

Bla

nchin

gBla

nchin

g

1.8

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

Ship

Yard

work

er

Ship

Yard

work

er

Tin

gling

Tin

gling

Num

bness

Num

bness

Bla

nchin

gBla

nchin

g

9.1

9.1

12.0

12.0

16.8

16.8

Chain

saw

opera

tor

Chain

saw

opera

tor

Num

bness

Num

bness

44

Gri

nder

Gri

nder

Bla

nchin

gBla

nchin

g13.7

13.7

27

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

-C

au

ses

& E

ffe

cts

W

HA

T E

FFE

CT

S D

O T

HE

SE

IN

JUR

IES

HA

VE

ON

PE

OP

LE?

P

ain

ful f

inge

r b

lan

chin

g a

tta

cks

(tri

gge

red

by

cold

or

we

t co

nd

itio

ns)

Lo

ss o

f se

nse

of

tou

ch a

nd

te

mp

era

ture

N

um

bn

ess

an

d t

ing

ling

Lo

ss o

f g

rip

str

en

gth

Lo

ss o

f m

an

ua

l d

ext

eri

ty

U

na

ble

to

wo

rk in

co

ld/w

et

con

dit

ion

s

U

na

ble

to

do

leis

ure

act

ivit

ies

such

as

fish

ing

, go

lf,

swim

min

g

N

ee

d t

o a

void

fu

rth

er

exp

osu

re t

o v

ibra

tio

n,

or

cold

an

d w

et

con

dit

ion

s

H

ave

dif

ficu

lty

ha

nd

ling

to

ols

an

d m

ate

ria

ls a

nd

wit

h t

ask

s re

qu

irin

g f

ine

fin

ger

ma

nip

ula

tio

n

UK

36

,00

0 p

eo

ple

ad

van

ced

sta

ge

, 2

28

,00

0 w

ith

con

dit

ion

28

Ca

rpa

l-Tu

nn

el S

ynd

rom

e (

CT

S)

Ano

ther

hea

lth p

roblem t

hat

linke

d t

o th

e us

e of

smaller

han

d-held v

ibra

ting

too

ls.

Arise

due

to

pres

sure

on

the

med

ian

nerv

es.

The

tiss

ues

arou

nd t

he

med

ian

nerv

e sw

ell an

d

pres

s on

the

nerv

e.

Due

to

repe

titive

mot

ion

of t

he

wrist

or

fing

ers;

using

small vibra

ting

han

d t

ools like

pneu

mat

ic s

crew

drive

rs, co

mpu

ter

keyb

oard

s,

cash

reg

iste

r.

For

cefu

l mot

ion

of t

he

wrist

; us

ing

a wre

nch,

forc

eful g

ripp

ing,

pinch

ing

or f

lexing

with t

he

wrist

ben

t up

war

ds,

dow

nwar

ds,

or

sidew

ays.

29

CA

RPA

L T

UN

NE

L SY

ND

RO

ME

Aff

ecting

the

han

d

and w

rist

. The

carp

al t

unne

l is a

sp

ace

in t

he

wrist

su

rrou

nded

by

wrist

bon

es a

nd b

y a

rigid ligam

ent

that

lin

ks t

he

bon

es

toge

ther

.

30

The m

edia

n ne

rve c

arri

es

sign

als

from

the b

rain

to

cont

rol th

e a

ctio

ns o

f th

e f

inge

rs a

nd h

and. T

he

thum

b, in

dex, m

iddle

and

rin

g fi

ngers

are

und

er

the

cont

rol of

the m

edia

n ne

rve.

31

Sym

pto

ms

Sen

sation

s of

num

bne

ss,

ting

ling

and p

ain

in t

he

fing

ers

.

Wea

knes

s an

d p

ain

in

the

han

d a

nd w

rist

.

This c

ombinat

ion

of

sympt

oms

is c

alled

Car

pal Tun

nel Syn

dro

me.

CTS o

ccur

s in t

he

nerv

es o

f th

e han

ds

no

t th

e mus

cles

..

32

Tre

atm

en

t

Sur

gery

may

be

requ

ired

to

releas

e th

e co

mpr

esse

d

med

ian

nerv

e. T

he

open

relea

se p

roce

dur

e invo

lves

simply

cutt

ing

the

tran

sver

se c

arpa

l lig

amen

t.

33

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

M

an

ag

em

en

t &

Co

ntr

ol

Ris

k M

an

ag

em

en

t P

roce

ss

34

Id

en

tify

Id

en

tify

S

ou

rces

So

urces

Mo

nit

or &

M

on

ito

r &

Evalu

ate

Evalu

ate

Im

ple

men

t Im

ple

men

t C

on

tro

lsC

on

tro

ls

Assess

Assess

Exp

osu

res

Exp

osu

res

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

& C

on

tro

l

Id

en

tify

th

ose

at

risk

fro

m o

ccu

pa

tio

na

l vib

rati

on

A

sse

ss t

he

ris

k i

nv

olv

ed

:

Th

e le

vel,

ty

pe

an

d d

ura

tio

n o

f e

xpo

sure

A

ny

eff

ect

s co

nce

rnin

g t

he

he

alt

h a

nd

sa

fety

of

wo

rke

rs a

t p

art

icu

larl

y

sen

siti

ve r

isk

A

ny

ind

ire

ct e

ffe

cts

fro

m i

nte

ract

ion

s b

etw

ee

n v

ibra

tio

n a

nd

th

e

wo

rkp

lace

/oth

er

wo

rk e

qu

ipm

en

t

In

form

ati

on

pro

vid

ed

by

th

e m

an

ufa

ctu

rers

of

wo

rk e

qu

ipm

en

t

T

he

exi

ste

nce

of

rep

lace

me

nt

eq

uip

me

nt

S

pe

cifi

c w

ork

ing

co

nd

itio

ns

such

as

low

te

mp

era

ture

s

A

pp

rop

ria

te in

form

ati

on

ob

tain

ed

fro

m h

ea

lth

su

rve

illa

nce

P

rev

en

t a

nd

/or

con

tro

l th

e r

isk

35

WH

AT

CA

N I

DO

TO

CO

NT

RO

L T

HE

RIS

K?

Lo

ok

fo

r a

lte

rna

tiv

e w

ay

s o

f w

ork

ing

wh

ich

eli

min

ate

th

e v

ibra

tin

g e

qu

ipm

en

t a

lto

ge

the

r

M

ake

su

re y

ou

r e

mp

loy

ee

s u

se t

he

mo

st a

pp

rop

ria

te e

qu

ipm

en

t fo

r e

ach

jo

b

M

inim

ise

th

e t

ime

ind

ivid

ua

ls u

se t

he

eq

uip

me

nt

B

rea

k u

p p

eri

od

s o

f co

nti

nu

ou

s e

qu

ipm

en

t u

se b

y in

div

idu

als

D

esi

gn

th

e j

ob

so

th

at

po

or

po

stu

re is

av

oid

ed

.

C

on

stru

ct j

igs

to h

old

ma

teri

als

or

too

ls.

M

ain

tain

to

ols

to

th

e m

an

ufa

ctu

rer

s sp

eci

fica

tio

ns

to a

vo

id w

ors

en

ing

vib

rati

on

fo

r e

xam

ple

:

R

ep

lace

vib

rati

on

mo

un

ts b

efo

re t

he

y a

re w

orn

ou

t;

E

nsu

re r

ota

tin

g p

art

s a

re c

he

cke

d f

or

ba

lan

ce a

nd

re

pla

ce t

he

m i

f n

ece

ssa

ry;

K

ee

p t

oo

ls s

ha

rp.

G

et

ad

vic

e f

rom

yo

ur

tra

de

ass

oci

ati

on

on

be

st p

ract

ice

.

G

et

ad

vic

e f

rom

th

e e

qu

ipm

en

t m

an

ufa

ctu

rer

on

sa

fe u

se o

f th

e e

qu

ipm

en

t.

M

ech

an

ise

or

au

tom

ate

th

e w

ork

or

cha

ng

e t

he

wa

y o

f w

ork

ing

A

sk t

he

ma

nu

fact

ure

r to

ad

d a

nti

-vib

rati

on

mo

un

ts t

o i

sola

te t

he

op

era

tor

fro

m t

he

vib

rati

on

sou

rce

P

rov

ide

to

ol

sup

po

rt t

o t

ake

th

e w

eig

ht

of

the

to

ol

all

ow

ing

th

e o

pe

rato

r to

re

du

ce g

rip

an

d

fee

d f

orc

e

In

tro

du

ce a

pu

rch

asi

ng

po

licy

sp

eci

fyin

g lo

w v

ibra

tio

n p

erf

orm

an

ce f

or

ne

w e

qu

ipm

en

t

36

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

M

an

ag

em

en

t &

Co

ntr

ol

W

ork

ers

ca

n r

ed

uce

th

e r

isk

of

ha

nd

-arm

vib

rati

on

sy

nd

rom

e

(HA

VS

) b

y f

oll

ow

ing

sa

fe w

ork

pra

ctic

es:

E

mp

loy

a m

inim

um

ha

nd

gri

p c

on

sist

en

t w

ith

sa

fe o

pe

rati

on

o

f th

e t

oo

l o

r p

roce

ss.

W

ea

r su

ffic

ien

t cl

oth

ing

, in

clu

din

g g

lov

es,

to

ke

ep

wa

rm.

A

vo

id c

on

tin

uo

us

exp

osu

re b

y t

ak

ing

re

st p

eri

od

s.

R

est

th

e t

oo

l o

n t

he

wo

rk p

iece

wh

en

ev

er

pra

ctic

al.

R

efr

ain

fro

m u

sin

g f

au

lty

to

ols

.

M

ain

tain

pro

pe

rly

sh

arp

en

ed

cu

ttin

g t

oo

ls.

C

on

sult

a d

oct

or

at

the

fir

st s

ign

of

vib

rati

on

dis

ea

se a

nd

ask

a

bo

ut

the

po

ssib

ilit

y o

f ch

an

gin

g t

o a

jo

b w

ith

less

exp

osu

re

37

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

M

an

ag

em

en

t &

Co

ntr

ol

Em

plo

ye

e I

nfo

rma

tio

n a

nd

Tra

inin

g

P

ote

nti

al

sou

rce

s o

f h

an

d-a

rm v

ibra

tio

n

T

he

he

alt

h e

ffe

cts

of

ha

nd

-arm

vib

rati

on

;

R

isk

fact

ors

(e

.g.

hig

h l

eve

ls o

f vi

bra

tio

n,

da

ily l

en

gth

/re

gu

lari

ty o

f e

xpo

sure

);

H

ow

to

re

cog

nis

e a

nd

re

po

rt s

ign

s o

f in

jury

;

W

ays

to

min

imis

e r

isk,

incl

ud

ing

:

C

ha

nge

s to

wo

rkin

g p

ract

ice

s to

re

du

ce v

ibra

tio

n e

xpo

sure

;

C

orr

ect

se

lect

ion

, u

se a

nd

ma

inte

na

nce

of

eq

uip

me

nt;

H

ow

to

use

to

ols

to

re

du

ce g

rip

fo

rce

, st

rain

etc

;

M

ain

ten

an

ce o

f go

od

blo

od

cir

cula

tio

n a

t w

ork

, e

g b

y ke

ep

ing

wa

rm,

exe

rcis

ing

fin

gers

an

d n

ot

smo

kin

g.

Em

plo

ye

es

sho

uld

als

o h

ave

acc

ess

to

a p

roa

ctiv

e h

ea

lth

su

rve

illa

nce

pro

gra

mm

e.

38

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

M

an

ag

em

en

t &

Co

ntr

ol

Em

plo

ye

es

sho

uld

als

o h

av

e a

cce

ss t

o a

pro

act

ive

he

alt

h s

urv

eil

lan

ce

pro

gra

mm

e.

Re

gu

lar

Em

plo

ye

es

Ch

eck

s:

H

ave

yo

ur

fin

ge

rs g

on

e w

hit

e o

n e

xpo

sure

to

co

ld?

H

ave

yo

u h

ad

an

y t

ing

ling

or

nu

mb

ne

ss i

n y

ou

r fi

ng

ers

aft

er

usi

ng

vib

rati

ng

eq

uip

me

nt?

A

re y

ou

exp

eri

en

cin

g a

ny

pro

ble

ms

wit

h m

usc

les

or

join

ts i

n y

ou

r

ha

nd

s o

r a

rms?

D

o y

ou

ha

ve a

ny

dif

ficu

lty

pic

kin

g u

p s

ma

ll o

bje

cts

such

as

scre

ws

or

na

ils?

Is

it d

iffi

cult

to

te

ll if

so

me

thin

g i

s h

ot

or

cold

to

th

e t

ou

ch?

If t

he

an

swe

r to

an

y o

f th

ese

qu

est

ion

s is

ye

s,

ass

um

e t

ha

t th

ere

is a

ris

k f

rom

HA

V t

o y

ou

r e

mp

loye

es.

You

sh

ou

ld r

efe

r th

e

em

plo

ye

e t

o a

do

cto

r a

nd

ta

ke a

ctio

n t

o r

ed

uce

exp

osu

re.

39

Ha

nd

Arm

Vib

rati

on

M

an

ag

em

en

t &

Co

ntr

ol

Too

l & M

ach

ine

Ma

nu

fact

ure

rs a

re r

eq

uir

ed

by

la

w t

o:

D

esi

gn

an

d c

on

stru

ct e

qu

ipm

en

t w

hic

h w

ill c

au

se t

he

min

imu

m

risk

of

vib

rati

on

inju

ry;

P

rovi

de

yo

u w

ith

wa

rnin

g o

f a

ny

resi

du

al r

isks

fro

m v

ibra

tio

n;

P

rovi

de

yo

u w

ith

info

rma

tio

n o

n v

ibra

tio

n le

vels

;

P

rovi

de

yo

u w

ith

inst

ruct

ion

s o

n h

ow

to

use

th

e e

qu

ipm

en

t to

avo

id r

isks

fro

m v

ibra

tio

n.

Ma

nu

fact

ure

rs

vib

rati

on

da

ta n

ee

ds

care

ful

inte

rpre

tati

on

40

Re

mo

te c

on

tro

lvi

bra

tory

pla

te

Op

era

tor

vib

rati

on

exp

osu

re -

Zero

41

Me

cha

nis

ati

on

re

mo

ves

the

ris

kM

ach

ine

-mo

un

ted

pic

k re

pla

ces

ha

nd

-op

era

ted

bre

ake

rs

42

De

mo

liti

on

wit

ho

ut

vib

rati

on

Use

hyd

rau

lic

cru

she

rs in

ste

ad

of

de

mo

liti

on

ha

mm

ers

43

Occ

up

ati

on

al

Vib

rati

on

Co

ntr

ol

Sta

nd

ard

s

T

he

Sa

fety

, H

ea

lth

an

d W

elf

are

at

Wo

rk (

Ge

ne

ral

Ap

pli

cati

on

)

Re

gu

lati

on

s 2

00

7 (

S.I

. N

o 2

99

of

20

07

) re

vo

ke

an

d r

ep

lace

th

e

Sa

fety

, H

ea

lth

an

d W

elf

are

at

Wo

rk (

Co

ntr

ol

of

Vib

rati

on

)

Re

gu

lati

on

s 2

00

6.

Pa

rt 5

Ch

ap

ter

2 o

f th

e 2

00

7 R

eg

ula

tio

ns

ad

dre

sse

s C

on

tro

l o

f V

ibra

tio

n a

t W

ork

.

E

U P

hy

sica

l A

ge

nts

(V

ibra

tio

n)

Dir

ect

ive

20

02

/44

/EC

Fo

r H

an

d A

rm V

ibra

tio

n:

T

he

da

ily

ex

po

sure

lim

it v

alu

e s

tan

da

rdis

ed

to

an

eig

ht-

ho

ur

refe

ren

ce p

eri

od

sh

all

be

5 m

/s 2

.

T

he

da

ily

ex

po

sure

act

ion

va

lue

sta

nd

ard

ise

d t

o a

n e

igh

t-h

ou

r

refe

ren

ce p

eri

od

sh

all

be

2,5

m/s

2.

44

45

Le

gis

lati

on

an

d S

tan

da

rds

Le

gis

lati

on

an

d S

tan

da

rds

EC Vi

brat

ion

Pr

ote

ctio

n Di

rect

ive

2002

/44/

EC

Mea

sure

men

t an

d ev

alu

atio

n o

f hu

man

expo

sure

to

ha

nd-

tran

smitt

ed vib

ratio

nIS

O 53

49:2

001

Eval

uat

ion

o

f hu

man

ex

posu

re

to w

hole

-bo

dy vib

ratio

nIS

O 26

31:1

997

Hum

an Re

spo

nse

to

Vi

brat

ion

Mea

surin

g In

stru

men

tatio

nIS

O 80

41:2

005

46

EC

Dir

ecti

ve

20

02

/4

4/E

CE

C D

ire

cti

ve

20

02

/4

4/E

C

Sin

ce th

e im

plem

enta

tion

o

f the

EC

Vi

brat

ion

Pr

ote

ctio

n Di

rect

ive

20

02/4

4/EC

ther

e ha

s be

en an

o

blig

atio

n o

n co

mpa

nie

s th

rou

gho

ut E

uro

pe to

as

sess

th

e ris

ks o

f jobs

in

vo

lvin

g vib

ratio

n.

The d

irectiv

e defi

nes m

inimum

requ

ireme

nts for

emplo

yers a

nd ma

nufac

turers

of

The d

irectiv

e defi

nes m

inimum

requ

ireme

nts for

emplo

yers a

nd ma

nufac

turers

of

The d

irectiv

e defi

nes m

inimum

requ

ireme

nts for

emplo

yers a

nd ma

nufac

turers

of

The d

irectiv

e defi

nes m

inimum

requ

ireme

nts for

emplo

yers a

nd ma

nufac

turers

of

machi

nes.

machi

nes.

machi

nes.

machi

nes.

For e

valua

tion

For e

valua

tion

For e

valua

tion

For e

valua

tion da

ily vib

ration

expo

sure

daily

vibrat

ion ex

posur

eda

ily vib

ration

expo

sure

daily

vibrat

ion ex

posur

eA(8) A(8

)A(8

)A(8

)is us

ed:

is use

d:is u

sed:

is use

d:

where

where

where

where

a aaa hv hvhvhvis t

he to

tal vib

ration

value

of the

frequ

ency

weigh

ted ac

celera

tion du

ring th

e is t

he to

tal vib

ration

value

of the

frequ

ency

weigh

ted ac

celera

tion du

ring th

e is t

he to

tal vib

ration

value

of the

frequ

ency

weigh

ted ac

celera

tion du

ring th

e is t

he to

tal vib

ration

value

of the

frequ

ency

weigh

ted ac

celera

tion du

ring th

e ex

posur

eex

posur

eex

posur

eex

posur

e, ,,,calc

ulated

ca

lculate

d ca

lculate

d ca

lculate

d on

th

e ba

sis

of t

he st

anda

rds

ISO

53

49fo

r ha

nd-

arm

vib

ratio

n an

d IS

O 26

31fo

r w

hole

-bo

dy vib

ratio

n

T TTT e eeeis t

he to

tal du

ration

of ex

posur

e duri

ng on

e work

day

is the

total

durat

ion of

expo

sure d

uring

one w

ork da

yis t

he to

tal du

ration

of ex

posur

e duri

ng on

e work

day

is the

total

durat

ion of

expo

sure d

uring

one w

ork da

yT TTT 0 000

is the

refer

ence

durat

ion of

8 hou

rsis t

he re

feren

ce du

ration

of 8 h

ours

is the

refer

ence

durat

ion of

8 hou

rsis t

he re

feren

ce du

ration

of 8 h

ours

A(8

) li

mit

va

lue

sA

(8)

lim

it v

alu

es

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

A

rm

Vib

rati

on

Vib

rati

on

Wh

ole

Wh

ole

--Bo

dy

Bo

dy

Vib

rati

on

Vib

rati

on

Ex

po

su

re A

cti

on

E

xp

osu

re A

cti

on

V

alu

e (

EA

V)

Va

lue

(E

AV

)2.5

m/s

2.5

m/s

0.5

m/s

0.5

m/s

Ex

po

su

re L

imit

E

xp

osu

re L

imit

V

alu

e (

ELV

)V

alu

e (

ELV

)5 m

/s

5 m

/s

1.1

5 m

/s

1.1

5 m

/s

47

EC

Dir

ecti

ve

20

02

/4

4/E

CE

C D

ire

cti

ve

20

02

/4

4/E

C

The d

irectiv

e lays

down

the f

ollowin

g limit

value

s Th

e dire

ctive la

ys do

wn th

e follo

wing li

mit va

lues

The d

irectiv

e lays

down

the f

ollowin

g limit

value

s Th

e dire

ctive la

ys do

wn th

e follo

wing li

mit va

lues

The d

irectiv

e lays

down

the f

ollowin

g limit

value

s Th

e dire

ctive la

ys do

wn th

e follo

wing li

mit va

lues

The d

irectiv

e lays

down

the f

ollowin

g limit

value

s Th

e dire

ctive la

ys do

wn th

e follo

wing li

mit va

lues

for th

e daily

vibrat

ion ex

posur

e A(8)

:for

the d

aily vib

ration

expo

sure A

(8):

for th

e daily

vibrat

ion ex

posur

e A(8)

:for

the d

aily vib

ration

expo

sure A

(8):

for th

e daily

vibrat

ion ex

posur

e A(8)

:for

the d

aily vib

ration

expo

sure A

(8):

for th

e daily

vibrat

ion ex

posur

e A(8)

:for

the d

aily vib

ration

expo

sure A

(8):

48

EC

Dir

ecti

ve

20

02

/4

4/E

CE

C D

ire

cti

ve

20

02

/4

4/E

C

Once

the

Once

the

Once

the

Once

the ex

posur

e actio

n valu

eex

posur

e actio

n valu

eex

posur

e actio

n valu

eex

posur

e actio

n valu

eis ex

ceede

d, the

emplo

yer sh

all es

tablish

and im

pleme

nt is e

xceed

ed, th

e emp

loyer

shall

estab

lish an

d imple

ment

is exce

eded

, the e

mploy

er sh

all es

tablish

and im

pleme

nt is e

xceed

ed, th

e emp

loyer

shall

estab

lish an

d imple

ment

a prog

ram of

techn

ical an

d and

orga

nizatio

nal m

easur

es int

ende

d to re

duce

to a

a prog

ram of

techn

ical an

d and

orga

nizatio

nal m

easur

es int

ende

d to re

duce

to a

a prog

ram of

techn

ical an

d and

orga

nizatio

nal m

easur

es int

ende

d to re

duce

to a

a prog

ram of

techn

ical an

d and

orga

nizatio

nal m

easur

es int

ende

d to re

duce

to a

minim

um ex

posur

e to m

echa

nical v

ibratio

n, tak

ing int

o acco

unt in

partic

ular:

minim

um ex

posur

e to m

echa

nical v

ibratio

n, tak

ing int

o acco

unt in

partic

ular:

minim

um ex

posur

e to m

echa

nical v

ibratio

n, tak

ing int

o acco

unt in

partic

ular:

minim

um ex

posur

e to m

echa

nical v

ibratio

n, tak

ing int

o acco

unt in

partic

ular:

Othe

r work

ing me

thods

that re

quire

less e

xposu

re to

mecha

nical v

ibratio

nOt

her w

orking

metho

ds tha

t requ

ire les

s exp

osure

to me

chanic

al vibr

ation

Othe

r work

ing me

thods

that re

quire

less e

xposu

re to

mecha

nical v

ibratio

nOt

her w

orking

metho

ds tha

t requ

ire les

s exp

osure

to me

chanic

al vibr

ation

App

ropria

te work

equip

ment o

f ergo

nomic

desig

n, prod

ucing

the le

ast po

ssible

Ap

propri

ate wo

rk equ

ipmen

t of er

gono

mic de

sign, p

roduci

ng th

e least

possi

ble

Appro

priate

work e

quipm

ent of

ergo

nomic

desig

n, prod

ucing

the le

ast po

ssible

Ap

propri

ate wo

rk equ

ipmen

t of er

gono

mic de

sign, p

roduci

ng th

e least

possi

ble

vibrat

ion

vibrat

ion

vibrat

ion

vibrat

ion

Prov

ision o

f aux

iliary e

quipm

ent th

at red

uces th

e risk

of inju

ries, s

uch a

s prot

ective

Pro

vision

of au

xiliary

equip

ment t

hat re

duces

the r

isk of

injurie

s, suc

h as p

rotect

ive

Provis

ion of

auxili

ary eq

uipme

nt tha

t redu

ces th

e risk

of inju

ries, s

uch a

s prot

ective

Pro

vision

of au

xiliary

equip

ment t

hat re

duces

the r

isk of

injurie

s, suc

h as p

rotect

ive

gloves

or sp

ecial s

eats

gloves

or sp

ecial s

eats

gloves

or sp

ecial s

eats

gloves

or sp

ecial s

eats

App

ropria

te main

tenan

ce pro

grams

for w

ork eq

uipme

ntAp

propri

ate ma

intena

nce pr

ogram

s for w

ork eq

uipme

ntAp

propri

ate ma

intena

nce pr

ogram

s for w

ork eq

uipme

ntAp

propri

ate ma

intena

nce pr

ogram

s for w

ork eq

uipme

ntD

esign

and la

yout o

f work

places

Desig

n and

layou

t of wo

rkplac

esDe

sign a

nd lay

out of

workp

laces

Desig

n and

layou

t of wo

rkplac

esA

dequ

ate inf

ormatio

n and

trainin

g to ins

truct w

orkers

to us

e work

equip

ment c

orrect

ly Ad

equa

te info

rmatio

n and

trainin

g to ins

truct w

orkers

to us

e work

equip

ment c

orrect

ly Ad

equa

te info

rmatio

n and

trainin

g to ins

truct w

orkers

to us

e work

equip

ment c

orrect

ly Ad

equa

te info

rmatio

n and

trainin

g to ins

truct w

orkers

to us

e work

equip

ment c

orrect

ly an

d safe

lyan

d safe

lyan

d safe

lyan

d safe

lyL

imitat

ion of

the d

uration

and in

tensity

of th

e exp

osure

Limitat

ion of

the d

uration

and in

tensity

of th

e exp

osure

Limitat

ion of

the d

uration

and in

tensity

of th

e exp

osure

Limitat

ion of

the d

uration

and in

tensity

of th

e exp

osure

Work

sche

dules

with

adeq

uate r

est pe

riods

Work s

ched

ules w

ith ad

equa

te res

t perio

dsWo

rk sch

edule

s with

adeq

uate r

est pe

riods

Work s

ched

ules w

ith ad

equa

te res

t perio

dsP

rovisio

n of cl

othing

to pr

otect w

orkers

from c

old an

d dam

pPro

vision

of clo

thing to

prote

ct work

ers fro

m cold

and d

amp

Provis

ion of

clothin

g to pr

otect w

orkers

from c

old an

d dam

pPro

vision

of clo

thing to

prote

ct work

ers fro

m cold

and d

amp

In an

y eve

nt,

In an

y eve

nt,

In an

y eve

nt,

In an

y eve

nt, wo

rkers s

hall n

ot be

expo

sed ab

ove th

e exp

osure

limit v

alue

worke

rs sha

ll not

be ex

posed

abov

e the e

xposu

re lim

it valu

ewo

rkers s

hall n

ot be

expo

sed ab

ove th

e exp

osure

limit v

alue

worke

rs sha

ll not

be ex

posed

abov

e the e

xposu

re lim

it valu

e. If th

is sho

uld

. If th

is sho

uld

. If th

is sho

uld

. If th

is sho

uld

be th

e cas

e, the

emplo

yer sh

all tak

e imme

diate a

ction to

redu

ce ex

posur

e belo

w the

be

the c

ase, t

he em

ployer

shall

take im

media

te actio

n to re

duce

expo

sure b

elow t

he

be th

e cas

e, the

emplo

yer sh

all tak

e imme

diate a

ction to

redu

ce ex

posur

e belo

w the

be

the c

ase, t

he em

ployer

shall

take im

media

te actio

n to re

duce

expo

sure b

elow t

he

expo

sure li

mit va

lue.

expo

sure li

mit va

lue.

expo

sure li

mit va

lue.

expo

sure li

mit va

lue.

49

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9

Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9

Genera

l Requirem

ents

:G

enera

l Requirem

ents

:

The u

sed m

easu

ring e

quip

ment

must

confo

rm t

o I

SO

8041

The u

sed m

easu

ring e

quip

ment

must

confo

rm t

o I

SO

8041

Vib

ration s

hould

be m

easu

red in t

hre

e o

rthogonal direct

ions

Vib

ration s

hould

be m

easu

red in t

hre

e o

rthogonal direct

ions

sim

ultaneousl

ysi

multaneousl

y

The s

enso

r m

ust

be c

apable

of

measu

ring t

he h

ighest

peak

The s

enso

r m

ust

be c

apable

of

measu

ring t

he h

ighest

peak

acc

ele

ration m

agnitudes

acc

ele

ration m

agnitudes

The s

enso

r sh

ould

be m

ounte

d a

s cl

ose

as

poss

ible

to t

he c

ente

r of

The s

enso

r sh

ould

be m

ounte

d a

s cl

ose

as

poss

ible

to t

he c

ente

r of

the h

andle

without

affect

ing n

orm

al use

of

the m

ach

ine

the h

andle

without

affect

ing n

orm

al use

of

the m

ach

ine

In

the c

ase

of

mach

ines

whic

h n

eed t

o b

e h

eld

with b

oth

hands,

In

the c

ase

of

mach

ines

whic

h n

eed t

o b

e h

eld

with b

oth

hands,

m

easu

rem

ents

must

be m

ade o

n e

ach

hand.

The e

xposu

re is

measu

rem

ents

must

be m

ade o

n e

ach

hand.

The e

xposu

re is

dete

rmin

ed b

y r

efe

rence

to t

he h

igher

valu

e o

f th

e t

wo

dete

rmin

ed b

y r

efe

rence

to t

he h

igher

valu

e o

f th

e t

wo

M

easu

rem

ent

is t

he

Measu

rem

ent

is t

he inte

rval R

MS

inte

rval R

MS

of

of

frequency

frequency

--weig

hte

d a

ccele

ration

weig

hte

d a

ccele

ration

in m

/s

in m

/s

50

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9A

rm V

ibra

tio

n S

tan

da

rd I

SO

53

49

Weig

hting F

ilter:

Weig

hting F

ilter:

The w

eig

hting f

ilter

The w

eig

hting f

ilter

Wh

Wh

repre

sents

the r

ela

tive h

ealth

repre

sents

the r

ela

tive h

ealth

risk

of

cert

ain

vib

ration f

requenci

es

for

the h

and

risk

of

cert

ain

vib

ration f

requenci

es

for

the h

and--a

rm

arm

sy

stem

syst

em

51

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9A

rm V

ibra

tio

n S

tan

da

rd I

SO

53

49

Inte

rval R

MS:

Inte

rval R

MS:

In

terv

al R

MS v

alu

es

Inte

rval R

MS v

alu

es

aaw

xw

x,

a,

aw

yw

yand a

and a

wz

wzsh

ould

be m

easu

red a

nd r

eport

ed f

or

X,

should

be m

easu

red a

nd r

eport

ed f

or

X,

Y a

nd Z

separa

tely

Y a

nd Z

separa

tely

To

min

imiz

e v

ariation,

vib

ration s

hould

be m

easu

red,

if p

oss

ible

, se

vera

l To

min

imiz

e v

ariation,

vib

ration s

hould

be m

easu

red,

if p

oss

ible

, se

vera

l tim

es

during a

work

day a

nd a

vera

ged:

tim

es

during a

work

day a

nd a

vera

ged:

where

where

aahw

ihw

iis

the inte

rval R

MS o

f m

easu

rem

ent

iis

the inte

rval R

MS o

f m

easu

rem

ent

i

n

n

is t

he n

um

ber

of

measu

rem

ents

is t

he n

um

ber

of

measu

rem

ents

tt iiis

the d

ura

tion o

f m

easu

rem

ent

iis

the d

ura

tion o

f m

easu

rem

ent

i

The m

easu

ring t

ime s

hall

be s

uffic

iently long t

o p

rovid

e r

epre

senta

tive

The m

easu

ring t

ime s

hall

be s

uffic

iently long t

o p

rovid

e r

epre

senta

tive

va

lues

for

a m

ach

ine o

r act

ivity.

The d

ura

tion o

f one m

easu

rem

ent

should

be

valu

es

for

a m

ach

ine o

r act

ivity.

The d

ura

tion o

f one m

easu

rem

ent

should

be

more

than 8

seco

nds.

The t

ota

l m

easu

ring t

ime s

hould

be a

t le

ast

1 m

inute

.m

ore

than 8

seco

nds.

The t

ota

l m

easu

ring t

ime s

hould

be a

t le

ast

1 m

inute

.

52

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9A

rm V

ibra

tio

n S

tan

da

rd I

SO

53

49

Tota

l Vib

ration V

alu

e:

Tota

l Vib

ration V

alu

e:

Eva

luation is

perf

orm

ed o

n t

he b

asi

s of

Eva

luation is

perf

orm

ed o

n t

he b

asi

s of To

tal Vib

ration V

alu

e a

Tota

l Vib

ration V

alu

e a

hv

hv, w

hic

h is

, w

hic

h is

the s

quare

root

of

the s

um

of

the s

quare

s (v

ect

or

sum

) of

the inte

rval R

MS

the s

quare

root

of

the s

um

of

the s

quare

s (v

ect

or

sum

) of

the inte

rval R

MS

valu

es

ava

lues

aw

xw

x, a

, a

wy

wy

and a

and a

wz

wz::

In

cert

ain

case

s it m

ay b

e n

ot

poss

ible

or

not

nece

ssary

to m

easu

re t

he

In c

ert

ain

case

s it m

ay b

e n

ot

poss

ible

or

not

nece

ssary

to m

easu

re t

he

RM

S in t

hre

e a

xes

for

the c

alc

ula

tion o

f a

RM

S in t

hre

e a

xes

for

the c

alc

ula

tion o

f a

hv

hv. T

he r

esu

lts

of

unia

xia

l . The r

esu

lts

of

unia

xia

l m

easu

rem

ents

must

be m

ultip

lied w

ith a

corr

ect

ion fact

or. T

he fact

or

can

measu

rem

ents

must

be m

ultip

lied w

ith a

corr

ect

ion fact

or. T

he fact

or

can

vary

fro

m 1

.0,

if t

here

is

only

one d

om

inating a

xis

, to

1.7

, if a

ll th

ree a

xes

vary

fro

m 1

.0,

if t

here

is

only

one d

om

inating a

xis

, to

1.7

, if a

ll th

ree a

xes

have

sim

ilar

valu

es:

have

sim

ilar

valu

es:

where

where

aaw

meas

wm

easis

the m

easu

red R

MS v

alu

eis

the m

easu

red R

MS v

alu

e

for

on

e do

min

atin

g ax

is

for

thre

e si

mila

r ax

es

53

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9A

rm V

ibra

tio

n S

tan

da

rd I

SO

53

49

Daily

Exposu

re:

Daily

Exposu

re:

The h

ealth r

isk d

epends

on t

he d

ura

tion o

f vib

ration e

xposu

re d

uring a

work

The h

ealth r

isk d

epends

on t

he d

ura

tion o

f vib

ration e

xposu

re d

uring a

work

day

day

D

aily

exposu

re A

(8)

Daily

exposu

re A

(8)

is t

he e

quiv

ale

nt

continuous

acc

ele

ration o

ver

an e

ight

is t

he e

quiv

ale

nt

continuous

acc

ele

ration o

ver

an e

ight--

hour

work

period.

For

the d

ete

rmin

ation o

f A(8

) it is

not

nece

ssary

to

hour

work

period.

For

the d

ete

rmin

ation o

f A(8

) it is

not

nece

ssary

to

measu

re o

ver

eig

ht

hours

. It

is

suffic

ient

to m

ake

short

measu

re o

ver

eig

ht

hours

. It

is

suffic

ient

to m

ake

short

--term

measu

rem

ents

te

rm m

easu

rem

ents

during r

epre

senta

tive

work

ste

ps.

The r

esu

lts

are

norm

aliz

ed t

o e

ight

hours

. during r

epre

senta

tive

work

ste

ps.

The r

esu

lts

are

norm

aliz

ed t

o e

ight

hours

. D

aily

exposu

re is

calc

ula

ted a

s fo

llow

s:D

aily

exposu

re is

calc

ula

ted a

s fo

llow

s:

where

where

aa hvhvis t

he to

tal vib

ration

value

of th

e freq

uency

weigh

ted ac

celera

tion

is the

total

vibrat

ion va

lue of

the f

reque

ncy we

ighted

accel

eration

du

ring t

he ex

posur

e du

ring t

he ex

posur

e TT ee

is the

total

durat

ion of

expo

sure d

uring

one w

ork da

yis t

he to

tal du

ration

of ex

posur

e duri

ng on

e work

day

TT 00is t

he re

feren

ce du

ration

of 8

hours

is the

refer

ence

durat

ion of

8 ho

urs

54

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9A

rm V

ibra

tio

n S

tan

da

rd I

SO

53

49

Com

bin

ed D

aily

Exposu

re:

Com

bin

ed D

aily

Exposu

re:

If

a d

aily

exposu

re c

onsi

sts

of

If a

daily

exposu

re c

onsi

sts

of m

ore

than o

ne a

ctiv

ity

more

than o

ne a

ctiv

ity

with d

iffe

rent

vib

ration

with d

iffe

rent

vib

ration

magnitudes,

daily

exposu

re is

calc

ula

ted:

magnitudes,

daily

exposu

re is

calc

ula

ted:

where

where

aa hvihvi

is the

total

vibrat

ion va

lue of

the f

reque

ncy we

ighted

accel

eration

of is t

he to

tal vib

ration

value

of th

e freq

uency

weigh

ted ac

celera

tion of

activit

y iact

ivity i

n n is t

he nu

mber

of act

ivities

is the

numb

er of

activit

iesTT ii

is the

durat

ion of

activi

ty iis t

he du

ration

of ac

tivity i

To

comp

are th

e con

tributio

ns of

differe

nt act

ivities

, it ma

y be u

seful t

o To

comp

are th

e con

tributio

ns of

differe

nt act

ivities

, it ma

y be u

seful t

o cal

culate

partia

l expo

sure v

alues:

cal

culate

partia

l expo

sure v

alues:

55

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9A

rm V

ibra

tio

n S

tan

da

rd I

SO

53

49

Me

asu

rin

g R

ep

ort

:M

ea

su

rin

g R

ep

ort

:

Th

e r

esu

lt o

f m

ea

su

rem

en

ts t

o I

SO

53

49

sh

all

be

a r

ep

ort

in

clu

din

g t

he

T

he

re

su

lt o

f m

ea

su

rem

en

ts t

o I

SO

53

49

sh

all

be

a r

ep

ort

in

clu

din

g t

he

fo

llo

win

g d

ata

:fo

llo

win

g d

ata

:

N

am

es o

f co

mp

an

y /

co

ntr

acto

r a

nd

op

era

tin

g p

ers

on

Na

me

s o

f co

mp

an

y /

co

ntr

acto

r a

nd

op

era

tin

g p

ers

on

P

urp

ose

of

me

asu

rem

en

tP

urp

ose

of

me

asu

rem

en

t

D

ate

Da

te

Lo

ca

tio

nLo

ca

tio

n

T

em

pe

ratu

re, h

um

idit

y,

no

ise

Te

mp

era

ture

, h

um

idit

y,

no

ise

D

escri

pti

on

of

acti

vit

ies

De

scri

pti

on

of

acti

vit

ies

W

ork

pro

ce

du

re (

wo

rkin

g t

ime

, in

terr

up

tio

ns,

bre

ak

s)

Wo

rk p

roce

du

re (

wo

rkin

g t

ime

, in

terr

up

tio

ns,

bre

ak

s)

T

este

d e

qu

ipm

en

t (m

od

el,

se

ria

l n

o.,

co

nd

itio

n,

ag

e,

we

igh

t, r

ota

ry s

pe

ed

, T

este

d e

qu

ipm

en

t (m

od

el,

se

ria

l n

o.,

co

nd

itio

n,

ag

e,

we

igh

t, r

ota

ry s

pe

ed

, h

an

dle

typ

e),

to

ols

an

d w

ork

pie

ce

sh

an

dle

typ

e),

to

ols

an

d w

ork

pie

ce

s

M

ea

su

rin

g e

qu

ipm

en

t (t

yp

e, se

ria

l n

o.,

ca

lib

rati

on

da

te,

fun

cti

on

ch

ae

ck

Me

asu

rin

g e

qu

ipm

en

t (t

yp

e, se

ria

l n

o.,

ca

lib

rati

on

da

te,

fun

cti

on

ch

ae

ck

S

en

so

r p

osit

ion

s

an

d d

ire

cti

on

s,

mo

un

tin

g m

eth

od

Se

nso

r p

osit

ion

s

an

d d

ire

cti

on

s,

mo

un

tin

g m

eth

od

M

ea

su

red

in

terv

al R

MS

in

X /

Y /

Z d

ire

cti

on

fo

r e

ach

acti

vit

yM

ea

su

red

in

terv

al R

MS

in

X /

Y /

Z d

ire

cti

on

fo

r e

ach

acti

vit

y

T

ota

l vib

rati

on

va

lue

AT

ota

l vib

rati

on

va

lue

Ah

vh

vfo

r e

ach

acti

vit

yfo

r e

ach

acti

vit

y

D

ura

tio

n

Du

rati

on

T TTTT TTT i iiii iiio

f e

ach

acti

vit

y f

or

on

e w

ork

da

yo

f e

ach

acti

vit

y f

or

on

e w

ork

da

y

D

ail

y v

ibra

tio

n e

xp

osu

re A

(8)

Da

ily v

ibra

tio

n e

xp

osu

re A

(8)

P

art

ial D

ail

y v

ibra

tio

n e

xp

osu

re A

Pa

rtia

l D

ail

y v

ibra

tio

n e

xp

osu

re A

i i (8

), if

me

asu

red

(8),

if

me

asu

red

56

Ha

nd

Ha

nd

--Arm

Vib

rati

on

Sta

nd

ard

IS

O 5

34

9A

rm V

ibra

tio

n S

tan

da

rd I

SO

53

49

Fu

ncti

on

Ch

eck

an

d C

ali

bra

tio

n:

Fu

ncti

on

Ch

eck

an

d C

ali

bra

tio

n:

It

is r

eco

mm

en

de

d t

o p

erf

orm

a

It i

s r

eco

mm

en

de

d t

o p

erf

orm

a f

un

cti

on

ch

eck

fun

cti

on

ch

eck

of

the

o

f th

e

se

nso

r a

nd

th

e m

ea

su

rin

g i

nstr

um

en

t b

efo

re a

nd

aft

er

ea

ch

se

nso

r a

nd

th

e m

ea

su

rin

g i

nstr

um

en

t b

efo

re a

nd

aft

er

ea

ch

m

ea

su

rem

en

t b

y m

ea

ns o

f a

vib

rati

on

ca

lib

rato

rm

ea

su

rem

en

t b

y m

ea

ns o

f a

vib

rati

on

ca

lib

rato