8. AMERICA BUILDS AN EMPIRE

Expansionism and Imperialism

Bell Ringer 10/23/14

CNN Student News Take Notes Summarize one story

Read/Look at the cartoon, then answer in your notes: According to this cartoon, how did George Washington feel about foreign policy? Explain.

Foreign Policy

What is foreign policy? A country’s policies towards other

countries; their strategies for dealing with other countries

What did George Washington think about foreign policy?

Foreign Policy

Read about foreign policy on page 137 of the brown book.

You will be assigned a term to summarize IN YOUR OWN WORDS and will write it on the board.

Foreign Policy

International Anarchy

Balance of Power

Control of US Foreign Policy Traditional Foreign Policy National Interests

Foreign Policy

• A country’s policies towards other countries; their strategies for dealing with other countries

• Summarize your assigned term in YOUR OWN WORDS

• Write this chart in your notes

World Power

Besides being an age of important domestic reform, the Progressive Era witnessed the emergence of the United States as a great power on the world stage.

Major nations had divided up most of the world into colonial possessions

The United States wanted to be part of the action.

Define Key Terms (homework due Monday 10/27):

Spanish-American War (138)

Joseph Pulitzer (138) William Randolph Hearst

(138) Yellow Journalism (138) De Lome Letter (138) U.S.S. Maine (138) Rough Riders (139) San Juan Hill (139) Imperialism(141) Alfred Thayer Mahan

(141)

American Anti-Imperialist League (141)

Queen Liliuokalani (144) Sanford B. Dole (144) Platt Amendment (143) “Spheres of influence” (145) John Hay (145) “Open Door” Policy (145) Boxers (145) Boxer Rebellion (145) Commodore Matthew Perry

(145) Treaty of Portsmouth (145)

Use the brown book, chapter 8http://hs.wyliebulldogs.org/ourpages/auto/2012/8/21/39374856/Chapter%208.pdf

Spanish-American War

Write and answer these questions during the video:

http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/spanishamericanwar

/

1. How far away is Cuba from the USA?2. American investors had put how much

money into Cuba? 3. The U.S.S. ____________ entered the Cuban

Harbor.4. Why did McKinley send the ship into

Havana?5. What happened on Feb.15th?6. Who did the USA declare war on?

Origins of the Spanish-American War

1. Spanish empire was beginning to crumble and retained only

Cuba the Philippines Puerto Rico A few smaller islands.

2. Economic issues in Cuba led the citizens to push for independence from Spain.

Jose Marti, leader

3. Spanish military used brutal techniques to repress the uprising.

Many died of disease and starvation. These events raised humanitarian concerns in the U.S.

Yellow Press/Journalism

Newspapers of the time, in search of sensational headlines to sell papers exaggerated the stories

This unbalanced reporting increased circulations gave Americans an

inaccurate picture of events in Cuba.

Americans also had concerns about their investments in and trade with Cuba.

Any examples of yellow press

today?

Triggering Events

1. Battle Ship Maine Explodes

2. DeLome letter criticizes President McKinley

McKinley Declares war in 1898

Triggering Events cont.

U.S.S. Maine sent to Cuba to protect Americans and property

Havana Harbor Exploded, sunk,

killed 258 Americans

Spanish ambassador

Written and published in U.S. newspapers

Called President McKinley “weak”

Naval Ship Explodes De Lome Letter

McKinley Declares war in 1898

War Lasts 4 Months

Fought on two fronts The Pacific and the Caribbean.

U.S. defeated the Spanish in every battle. Theodore Roosevelt raised a Navy volunteer force

known as the Rough Riders Their attack on San Juan Hill, Cuba

Made Roosevelt a national hero. American forces occupied

the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Marks the end of Spain's colonial empire and the

emergence of the US as a world power.

Bell Ringer

CNN Student News Summarize one event

Review:

Spain’s Empire began to crumble, losing territories

Issues in Cuba & brutal tactics from Spanish Americans had millions invested in Cuba Yellow Journalism USS Maine Explodes and DeLome letter

critcizes McKinley 4 month war, America defeats USA Roosevelt and Rough Riders USA becomes world power

Imperialism

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

With the end of the Spanish-American War, America occupied Spain’s old territories

The Arguments for ImperialismArgument Explanation

1. Need for Raw Materials and Markets

1. Colonies would give America materials for factories and a place to sell American goods

2. Strategic Reasons

3. Nationalism

4. Attitudes towards other Peoples

2.Colonies promote American Naval strength to protect American Interests3. Imperialism would show the pride an strength of America; the USA should get colonies before all the other countries did4. Anglo-Saxon Superiority: Americans were a “superior race” that should rule othersSpread of Christianity: convert natives

Alfred Thayer Mahan, Historian

Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) Focused on the harsh political realities of expansion. In order to achieve world power a country needed

a powerful navy a large merchant marine

A world power needed colonies naval bases to provide coaling stations

Needed trade to support merchant ships Advocated seizure of Pacific trade routes, construct a

canal through Central America, and dominate the Caribbean region.

Anti-Imperialists Argument

Many Americans felt uneasy about forcing control of other countries

Felt that imperialism violated the basic democratic principles of self-government.

American Anti-Imperialist League was formed opposed the acquisition of colonies

Imperialists Win the Argument

US acquires a colonial empire: the Philippines, Guam, Hawaii,

Puerto Rico, Samoa, and Midway Cuba had been promised

independence before the war was fought. Platt Amendment altered that

somewhat. United States had the right to

intervene in Cuban affairs at any time.

Imperialist USA Worksheet

The United States gained territories in The Pacific East Asia Caribbean

Use the brown books to complete the worksheet and take a closer look at these territories Chapter 8: America Builds an Empire

America in the Pacific

Philippines: Angry that they did not receive independence. Engaged in a long and almost forgotten war with US until they

were defeated in 1902. Hawaii:

Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by American landowners in 1893.

Sandford B. Dole led the provisional government until the island was annexed by the U.S.

Guam: Taken as a result of the Spanish-American War

Midway: Obtained in 1867

Samoa: Divided between Germany and U.S. in 1899.

America and East Asia

Control of islands in the Pacific gave Americans opportunities for trade with both China and Japan.

China had been partitioned off into various “spheres” blocking the U.S. from trade

John Hay and the Open Door notes opened China up to American trade.

In 1853, Matthew Perry landed in Japan and opened trade there. Japan became an imperialist nation Defeated the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for

negotiating the treaty

America in the Caribbean

U.S. did not release Cuba from it’s “protectorate” status until 1930s. Cuba controlled by the USA

Theodore Roosevelt funded a Panamanian revolt from Colombia in order to gain access too the Isthmus of Panama to build the canal connecting the two oceans

Challenges of Building the Panama Canal

Took 10 years (1903-1914) to complete

Cost $400 million Thousands of lives lost Many from diseases from

the tropical climate Intense heat Yellow Fever

Two doctors worked to improve conditions: Dr. Walter Reed and Dr.

William Gorgas

Caribbean is seen as an American Lake

Using the “Monroe Doctrine” U.S. insisted that European

nations no longer colonize the Americas.

In 1904, Roosevelt added the “Roosevelt Corollary”. Known as the Big Stick

Policy was used to justify sending

U.S. troops to the West Indies and Central America

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy

Encouraged bankers to invest in the countries of the Caribbean region.

By lending money to Latin American nations, the US could then exert influence on that nation.

It was a way to influence foreign policy without force.

Woodrow Wilson’s Policy

Tried to stay away from what he called the “bullying tactics” of the previous presidents.

Sent troops to Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic To protect American interests.

Purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917 When troops of the rebel leader Pancho Villa in

Mexico murdered Americans in New Mexico Wilson sent American troops into Mexico under the

command of John J. Pershing Withdrew those troops in 1917 when U.S. entered

World War I.