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KERAJAAN MELAYU TUA

Disusun Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN

Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:Sejarah Tingkatan 1 DBPGred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 Cerdik PublicationsEncarta Encyclopedia

Rujukan Internet

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8.1 KERAJAAN MELAYU TUA

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1. KEDAH

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KEDAH TUA

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i. Dikenali sebagai:Cheh-Cha orang ChinaKataha, Kalagam, Kadaram pedagang IndiaKalah, Kalah Bar pedagang Arab.

Sai

orang Siam

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ii. Pusat Pentadbiran: Pusat pentadbiran dibahagi kepada 3 semasa

pemerintahan Sultan Muzaffar Shah:Kota PalasKota UluLangkawi

Pusat pentadbiran sering berubah-ubah

Kota Setar menjadi pusat pentadbiran padatahun 1735.

Muncul bandar Alor Setar di situ dan bandar inimenjadi ibu negeri Kedah sehingga sekaran.

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iii.Strategi Kedah menghadapi ancaman luar.

a. Kedah mendapatkan bantuan dari Siam.

b. Sebagai balasan Kedah menghantar bunga emaske Siam.

c. 1619

Kedah diserang Acheh, Siam membantuKedah.

d. Kedah juga menjalin hubungan dengan Burmaapabila Burma menawan Ayuthia pada tahun 1767.

e. Sultan Kedah juga meminta bantuan Francis Lightuntuk hadapi ancaman Siam.

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BUNGA EMAS

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f. Akibatnya Siam serang Kedah pada tahun

1821 dan menawan Kedah.

g. Sultan Kedah dan pembesarnya berundur kePulau Pinang.

h. Kedah lancar serangan ke Siam.

i. Kedah mendapatkan kemerdekaan dari Siam 1842.

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iv.Keistimewaan Kerajaan Awal Kedah

a. Kedudukan yang strategik menyebabkan dikunjungipedagang Arab, Parsi, India, Sri Lanka, China dan Barat.

b. Sebuah pelabuhan entrepot.

c. Barangan tempatan : emas, bijih timah, lada hitam, damarrotan, tanduk dan gading.

e. Amalkan Undang-undang Laut Melaka

f. Sistem sukat dan mata wangnya memudahkan urusanperdagangan.

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LADA HITAM- Sumber : internet

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ROTAN

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TANDUK

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GADING

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2. PERAK

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i. Asal nama Perak

a. Tiada sebarang catatan rasmi yang jelas.

b. Nama Perak dikaitkan dengan sejenis logam iaituPerak.

c. Mengikut A. Halim Nasir dalam buku Sejarah Perak

- mengikut nama Sungai Perak di Chegar Galahyang mempunyai ikan berwarna putih seperti

perak.

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ii. Pengasasan Kesultanan Perak

a. Menurut Sejarah Melayu dan Salasilah Perak,

kerajaan ini diasaskan pada tahun 1528.

b. Tun Saban meminta Sultan Mahmud Shahmengurniakan seorang putera baginda untukdirajakan di Perak.

c. Baginda mengurniakan Sultan Muzaffar Shah

yang membara Cura si Manjakani

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iii.Keistimewaan Kerajaan Perak Lama

a. Bijih timah

b. Lokasi utama

Beruas dan Manjung

c. Kekayaan bijih timah Perak menyebabkanPerak terpaksa menghadapi ancaman dari luar.

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iv.Ancaman Belanda

a. Belanda mengepung Perak pada tahun 1651.

b. Sultan Perak dipaksa menandatanganiperjanjian dengan VOC.

c. 13 Mac 1753

Sultan Iskandar Zulkarnaianmenandatangai perjanjian dengan ThomasAcheppers (Belanda) untuk perdagangan

bijih timah dengan Belanda.

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v. Ancaman Siam

a. Semasa pemerintahan Sultan Mansur Shah,bendaharaMegat Terawis telah menentukan sempadan antara Perakdan Siam untuk memudahkan proses memungut cukai.

b. Hal ini mendatangkan kesan positif kepada Perak keranacukai yang dikutip di lombong Klian Intan membawa

kemakmuran kepada Perak.

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c. Keadaan ini menarik minat Siam untukmenakluki Perak.

d. Kedah disuruh oleh Siam menyerangPerak pada tahun 1816, 1818 dan 1819.

e. Perak kalah.- hantar bunga emas kepada Siam setiap

tahun- Siam dibenarkan membeli bijih timah

tanpa membayar cukai.

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vi.Ancaman Inggeris

a. Niat Siam tidak kesampaian keranaInggeris telah sampai ke Perak melalui

Perjanjian Low.

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HUGH LOW

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3. PAHANG

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i. Asal Usul Pahang

a. Wujud abad ke 9 dan awal abad ke 10.

b. Pahang dikenali sebagai:Phang/Pahangh orang CinaPong Fong kerajaan yang bernaung di bawah

kerajaan jajahan Palembang(menurut Chao Ju-Kua, penulis China)

Fahan orang Arab

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c. Cerita orang tua-tua di Kampung Kemahan

ada sebatang pokok Mahang yang besar dan telahtumbang merintangi sungai Pahang. Dari nama

pokok inilah timbulnya nama Pahang.

d. Sejarah Melayu memanggil Pahang sebagai Pura.

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ii. Pengasasan Kesultanan Pahang

a. Raja Ahmad ( Melaka ) ditabalkan menjadiSultan Pahang dengan gelaran Sulatan Muhammad

Shah.

b. 1641-1673

Pahang berada di bawah pemerintahanYamtuan Muda Johor iaitu Raja Bajau.

c. Dengan itu, berakhirlah pemerintahan kesultananMelayu Melaka di Pahang.

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iii.Penguasaan Bendahara

a. Perpecahan dalam pentadbiran Pahangmenyebabkan Pahang diletakkan dibawah

penguasaan bendahara Johor.

b. Bendahara Wan Ahmad menjadi sultan padatahun 1882 Sultan Ahmad al-Muadzam Shahselepas merampas kuasa dari BendaharaTun Mutahir.

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iv.Keistimewaan Pahang

a. Catatan Portugis dan China, Pahang merupakan:- pengeluar beras- pengeksport bijih timah

- pengeluar hasil hutan spt kayu kapur, gaharudan kapur barus.

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KAYU KAPUR

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GAHARU

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KAPUR BARUS

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