8_1_ban Word_Reviewchat Bao Quan Thuc Pham Bang Phuong Phap Sinh Hoc

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Trng i hc M Tp.HCM Khoa cng ngh sinh hc Mn: Seminar chuyn ngnh

Tng quan: BO QUN THC PHM BNG PHNG PHP SINH HC: NHNG CHIN LC HA HN TRONG S DNG BACTERIOCIN, BACTERIOPHAGE, ENDOLYSIN.

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Vn Minh Thc hin: V Ngc Yn Nhi Hunh Th Xun o V Th Thanh Tho Nguyn Th Ngc Trm L Th Ngc Trang Nguyn Khc Vn

S quan tm n cht bo qun sinh hc thc y tm kim nhng hp cht chng khun t nhin t nhiu sinh vt khc nhau. Bacteriocin c bit n rng ri nh l cht bo qun thc phm t nhin, gn y nhng tin b trong nghin cu bacteriocin m ra hng nghin cu mi. Tri li, vic s dng bacteriophage v endolysin ch c xem xt trong 5 nm gn y v cho thy nhng vin cnh ha hn. Bi im bo ny cung cp mt ci nhn tng qut v nhng ng dng trong hin ti, tng lai ca bacteriocin, bacteriophage, endolysin dc theo chui thc phm v nhn mnh nhng ti nghin cu cn ch trng trong tng lai. INTRODUCTION Ng c thc phm l vn nghim trng v gy tn km cho y t cng ng, l mi quan tm trn ton th gii, tr thnh nguyn nhn chnh ca bnh tt. Mc d vi cng ngh k thut hin i, thc tin sn xut tt, qun l cht lng v v sinh v khi nim an ton cng nh nh gi s ri ro v h thng qun l an ton thc phm (HACCP), nhng s lng ca cc ca ng c thc phm vn gia tng trong thp k qua. cc nc lin minh Chu u (EU), nguyn nhn ng c thc phm ph bin nht l do vi khun, c th l Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria v virus. Chng nh hng n hn 380,000 ngi dn Chu u mi nm (EFSA, 2009). Ton cu ha th trng thc phm, gii thiu cc thc phm mi l, quy trnh sn xut mi, nhu cu t phi ch bin ngy cng gia tng, thc phm sng v sn phm thc n sn c th i hi mt dy chuyn thc phm di hn, phc tp hn, iu ny lm tng nguy c nhim vi sinh. Theo , cng ngh bo qun thc phm mi l v c b sung tun theo nhng yu cu t farm to fork (t trang tri n sn phm) vn ang c tm kim. Mt trong cc cng ngh bo qun thc phm, c bit ch n s bo qun bng phng php sinh hc nng cao cht lng sn phm v thi hn s dng, gim thiu cc tc ng n gi tr dinh dng v tnh cht cm quan ca cc sn phm d b h hng. Bo qun bng phng php sinh hc hp l khai thc c cc tim nng khng khun ca vi sinh vt t nhin trong thc phm v/hoc cc cht chuyn ha ca chng gip cho vic s dng an ton trong mt thi gian di (nng cao thi gian s dng). Bacteriocin, bacteriophage v nhng enzyme do bacteriophage m ha c xp vo nhm cht bo qun ny. Bi im bo ny s tm tt kin thc c bn v ng dng hin ti ca cc khng sinh t nhin theo dy chuyn thc phm. Da trn state-of-theart, cc xu hng trong tng lai v lnh vc nghin cu cn c quan tm v cp nhiu hn. A. BACTERIOCIN 1. Cu to v phng php hot ng ca Bacteriocin Cu to:

Bacteriocins c bn cht l peptide hay l cc protein c hot tnh khng khun c tng hp t vi khun. Chng c m t u tin Escherichia coli (colicins). Hu ht cc colicins l cc protein tng i ln (ln n 80 kDa), chng c th git cht vi khun lin quan khi kt hp vi mng t bo bn trong hoc cc bo tng mc tiu khc (Cascales v ctv., 2007). Ngy nay, thut ng bacteriocin ch yu c s dng m t cc cation peptide nh, bn nhit c tng hp bi vi khun Gram dng, c th l vi khun lactic (LAB), vi khun ny c s c ch kh rng (ph c ch rng) (Cotter, Hill, & Ross, 2005). T khi sn phm ln men truyn thng s dng vi khun LAB ln men th ngi ta ch trng n cng dng bo qun thc phm bng phng php sinh hc ca bacteriocin do vi khun LAB sinh ra. Bacteriocin l mt nhm khng ng nht v cu trc tin thn, thnh phn v tnh cht ha l. Vic phn loi bao qut bacteriocin vn l mt vn cn bn lun. Mt h thng c xut gn y bi Heng v Tagg (2006) c suy ra t cc h thng phn loi trc s a vo bn m t bn cht ca colicins. Theo , bacteriocin c chia thnh bn lp chnh : Lp 1 hay l Lanbiotic l nhng peptide nh (