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9:3 ● Artillery fire kills more people in WWI than any other weapon ● Out-dated military tactics meet new technology

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9:3

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9:3 Artillery fire kills more people in WWI than any other weapon Out-dated military tactics meet new technology 9:3 Trench Warfare Dig trenches for safety from artillery Machine guns used as defense No-Man's Land Land between trenches 9:3 Trenchfoot Cold, wet, unsanitary conditions 9:3 New Technology Poison Gas Gas masks 9:3 Tank Introduced by the British Crushed barbwire Protected troops Not used as a military weapon until WW2 9:3 Aircraft used as weapons First used as scouts Machine guns added later Average life expectancy for a combat pilot: two weeks 9:3 Zeppelins Germans Drop bombs on British warships in North Sea 9:3 Doughboys Young, inexperienced American servicemen 9:3 Russia Leaves the War People revolt due to lack of food and goods Russian Revolution Beginning of Communism in Russia Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russia leaves the war (March, 1918) Russia loses: Ukraine, Baltics, Poland, and Finland 9:3 Germany's Last Offensive Massive attack on Western Front to take Paris (March, 1918) American and French troops hold Paris (June, 1918) Blocked German drive at Chateau Thierry 9:3 Battle of Argonne Forest Ferdinand Foch, Supreme Allied Commander Orders massive counter-attack American General Pershing assembles (Sep, 1918) 600,000 troops 40,000 tons of supplies 4,000 artillery pieces Largest American offensive in history German defenses collapse Germans retreat 9:3 American Heroes Alvin York conscientious objector Did not believe in killing or war Battle of Argonne Forest Charged German machine gun battery Alvin York Institute School for poor Tennessee children 9:3 Eddie Rickenbacker Famous race car driver 134 air battles Shot down 26 aircraft Fought seven German aircraft simultaneously Top American combat pilot for WWI 9:3 Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia Declare independence from Austria-Hungary Empire (October, 1918) Austrian-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires surrender to Allies German navy mutinies German emperor steps down Germany becomes a republic Armistice (truce) signed on the 11 th hour of the 11 th day of the 11 th month (1918) 9:3 A Flawed Peace Treaty of Versailles Harsh peace terms for Germany reparations: monetary compensation for war damage -page 343 Wilson's Fourteen Points A peace plan League of Nations Senate rejects