A case study:A case study: A Comparative Study of A Comparative Study of

Nature Images in Chinese Nature Images in Chinese and English Poemsand English Poems

1.1. Introduction of the topic “image”Introduction of the topic “image”

Cuckoo in Chinese poemsCuckoo in Chinese poems 杜鹃鸟俗称布谷，又名子规、杜宇、子鹃。春夏季节，杜鹃彻夜不停杜鹃鸟俗称布谷，又名子规、杜宇、子鹃。春夏季节，杜鹃彻夜不停啼鸣，啼声清脆而短促，唤起人们多种情思。如果仔细端详，杜鹃口啼鸣，啼声清脆而短促，唤起人们多种情思。如果仔细端详，杜鹃口腔上皮和舌部都为红色，古人误以为它啼得满嘴流血，凑巧杜鹃高歌腔上皮和舌部都为红色，古人误以为它啼得满嘴流血，凑巧杜鹃高歌之时，正是杜鹃花盛开之际，人们见杜鹃花那样鲜红，便把这种颜色之时，正是杜鹃花盛开之际，人们见杜鹃花那样鲜红，便把这种颜色说成是杜鹃啼的血。正像唐代诗人成彦雄写的“杜鹃花与鸟，怨艳两说成是杜鹃啼的血。正像唐代诗人成彦雄写的“杜鹃花与鸟，怨艳两何赊，疑是口中血，滴成枝上花。”中国古代有“望帝啼鹊”的神话何赊，疑是口中血，滴成枝上花。”中国古代有“望帝啼鹊”的神话传说。望帝，是传说中周朝末年蜀地的君主，名叫杜宇。后来禅位退传说。望帝，是传说中周朝末年蜀地的君主，名叫杜宇。后来禅位退隐，不幸国亡身死，死后魂化为鸟，暮春啼苦，至于口中流血，其声隐，不幸国亡身死，死后魂化为鸟，暮春啼苦，至于口中流血，其声哀怨凄悲，动人肺腑，名为杜鹃。杜鹃在中国古典诗词中常与悲苦之哀怨凄悲，动人肺腑，名为杜鹃。杜鹃在中国古典诗词中常与悲苦之事联系在一起。李白诗云：“杨花飘落子规啼，闻道龙标过五溪。”事联系在一起。李白诗云：“杨花飘落子规啼，闻道龙标过五溪。”又如李白《蜀道难》：“又闻子归啼夜月，愁空山。”白居易《琵琶又如李白《蜀道难》：“又闻子归啼夜月，愁空山。”白居易《琵琶行》：“杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣。”秦观《踏莎行》“可堪孤馆闭春寒，杜行》：“杜鹃啼血猿哀鸣。”秦观《踏莎行》“可堪孤馆闭春寒，杜鹃声里斜阳暮。”文天祥《金陵驿二首》：“从今别江南路，化作啼鹃声里斜阳暮。”文天祥《金陵驿二首》：“从今别江南路，化作啼鹃带血归。”杜鹃的啼叫又好像是说“不如归去，不如归去”，它的鹃带血归。”杜鹃的啼叫又好像是说“不如归去，不如归去”，它的啼叫容易触动人们的乡愁乡思，宋代啼叫容易触动人们的乡愁乡思，宋代范仲淹范仲淹诗云：“夜入翠烟啼，昼诗云：“夜入翠烟啼，昼寻芳树飞，春山无限好，犹道不如归。”寻芳树飞，春山无限好，犹道不如归。”

Fixed images in English poemsFixed images in English poemsTo the CuckooTo the Cuckoo By William Wordsworth By William Wordsworth O blithe new-comer! I have heard, O blithe new-comer! I have heard, I hear thee and rejoice. I hear thee and rejoice. O Cuckoo! shall I call thee Bird, O Cuckoo! shall I call thee Bird, Or but a wandering Voice? Or but a wandering Voice? While I am lying on the grass While I am lying on the grass Thy twofold shout I hear; Thy twofold shout I hear; From hill to hill it seems to pass From hill to hill it seems to pass At once far off, and near. At once far off, and near. Though babbling only to the Vale, Though babbling only to the Vale, Of sunshine and of flowers, Of sunshine and of flowers, Thou bringest unto me a tale Thou bringest unto me a tale Of visionary hours. Of visionary hours. Thrice welcome, darling of the Spring! Thrice welcome, darling of the Spring! Even ye thou art to me Even ye thou art to me No bird, but an invisible thing, No bird, but an invisible thing, A voice a mystery; A voice a mystery; The same whom in my schoolboy days The same whom in my schoolboy days I listened to; that Cry I listened to; that Cry Which made me look a thousand ways Which made me look a thousand ways In bush, and tree, and sky. In bush, and tree, and sky. To seek thee did I often rove To seek thee did I often rove Through woods and on the green; Through woods and on the green; And thou wert still a hope, a love; And thou wert still a hope, a love; Still longed for, never seen. Still longed for, never seen. And I can listen to thee yet; And I can listen to thee yet; Can lie upon the plain Can lie upon the plain And listen, till I do beget And listen, till I do beget That golden time again. That golden time again. O blessed Bird! the earth we pace O blessed Bird! the earth we pace Again appears to be Again appears to be An unsubstantial, faery place; An unsubstantial, faery place; That is fit home for thee! That is fit home for thee!

Chinese versionChinese version 啊，快乐的新客！啊，快乐的新客！听到你啭鸣，我满怀喜悦；听到你啭鸣，我满怀喜悦；啊，布谷，是否称你为鸟？啊，布谷，是否称你为鸟？或为妙音，回荡清越？或为妙音，回荡清越？

当我躺在草地上，当我躺在草地上，听到你的二重唱：听到你的二重唱：似从这山传到那山，似从这山传到那山，似在近旁，又在远方。似在近旁，又在远方。你的歌声在山谷回荡，你的歌声在山谷回荡，伴着繁华和阳光；伴着繁华和阳光；你还把我带到你还把我带到追忆往事的幻想。追忆往事的幻想。我再三地欢迎我再三地欢迎你是阳春的先行。你是阳春的先行。在我眼中，你可不是鸟，在我眼中，你可不是鸟，而是无形的神奇之音。而是无形的神奇之音。想当年我还是小学生，想当年我还是小学生，曾倾听同样的鸣声；曾倾听同样的鸣声；我千方百计寻找，我千方百计寻找，从天上到丛林。从天上到丛林。我时常漫游，为了找你，我时常漫游，为了找你，踩着草地，穿过密林；踩着草地，穿过密林；如今仍在期待，虽不眼见，如今仍在期待，虽不眼见，你仍是希望，是恋情。你仍是希望，是恋情。此刻我躺在平原，此刻我躺在平原，你的歌声仍能听见。你的歌声仍能听见。我专心谛听，我专心谛听，直到召回金色的童年。 直到召回金色的童年。

2. The definition of image2. The definition of image

IImmaaggeess aarree ffrreeqquueennttllyy eemmppllooyyeedd iinn ppooeemmss,, ffoorr tthheeyy aarree tthhee ssoouull ooff mmeeaanniinngg ooff ppooeettrryy.. AAccttuuaallllyy,, ppooeettrryy wwrriitteess iinn iimmaaggeess.. PPooeettrryy iiss aa llaanngguuaaggee aarrtt wwiitthh tthhee ccoorree ooff iimmaaggeess wwhhiicchh ppllaayy tthhee rroollee ooff bbaassiicc aaeesstthheettiicc eelleemmeenntt ooff ppooeemmss.. AA ppooeemm wwiitthhoouutt iimmaaggeess iiss ppllaaiinn aanndd ppeeddeessttrriiaann.. IInn rreessppeecctt ooff tthhee ““iimmaaggee””,, tthheerree aarree vvaarriieedd ddeeffiinniittiioonnss.. HHoowweevveerr,, tthheeyy sshhaarree aa cchhaarraacctteerriissttiicc,, ii..ee..,, tthheeyy mmuusstt bbee pprreesseenntteedd aass aann oobbjjeecctt eennttrruussttiinngg tthhee ppooeett’’ss ffeeeelliinngg aanndd aannyy ppllaaiinnssppookkeenn llyyrriicc ppooeettrryy ddooeess nnoott ccoonnttaaiinn iimmaaggeess.. TThhee tteerrmm ““iimmaaggee”” iiss eeqquuiivvaalleenntt ttoo aa ppeerrffeecctt ccoommpplleexxiioonn ooff ffeeeelliinnggss ooff ppooeettss tthhaatt aarree ssuubbjjeeccttiivvee aanndd oobbjjeecctt tthhiinnggss mmeelltteedd aanndd eexxpprreesssseedd iinn tthhee wwaayy ooff llaanngguuaaggee

Images are frequently employed in poems, for they are the soul of Images are frequently employed in poems, for they are the soul of meaning of poetry. Actually, poetry writes in images. Poetry is a meaning of poetry. Actually, poetry writes in images. Poetry is a language art with the core of images which play the role of basic language art with the core of images which play the role of basic aesthetic element of poems. A poem without images is plain and aesthetic element of poems. A poem without images is plain and pedestrian. pedestrian. In respect of the “image”, there are varied definitions. However, In respect of the “image”, there are varied definitions. However, they share a characteristic, i.e., they must be presented as an object they share a characteristic, i.e., they must be presented as an object entrusting the poet’s feeling and any plainspoken lyric poetry does entrusting the poet’s feeling and any plainspoken lyric poetry does not contain images. The term “image” is equivalent to a perfect not contain images. The term “image” is equivalent to a perfect complexion of feelings of poets that are subjective and object things complexion of feelings of poets that are subjective and object things melted and expressed in the way of languagemelted and expressed in the way of language

意 “意 “ concept”concept” （概念）“（概念）“ idea”idea” （想法）、“ （想法）、“ meaning”meaning” （意义）。（意义）。“意”是诗学中最难翻译的一个技术概念，因为它不可思议地囊括了“意”是诗学中最难翻译的一个技术概念，因为它不可思议地囊括了若干截然不同的英文概念。“意”的语义范围非常之广：“意”是对若干截然不同的英文概念。“意”的语义范围非常之广：“意”是对某种物质的精巧解释（很像文艺复兴后期的“某种物质的精巧解释（很像文艺复兴后期的“ concetto”concetto” 这个概念）这个概念）也是“一般情况”（来自某种特殊观察的推论或特殊观察的基点），也是“一般情况”（来自某种特殊观察的推论或特殊观察的基点），甚至还是“重要”和“意义重大”。“意”通常被说成是发生在意念甚至还是“重要”和“意义重大”。“意”通常被说成是发生在意念而非世界之中。它经常是给意识数据赋予关系的一种活动。例如，诗而非世界之中。它经常是给意识数据赋予关系的一种活动。例如，诗人看见开放的花朵并感到微风吹过，根据这两个感觉事实，他得出了人看见开放的花朵并感到微风吹过，根据这两个感觉事实，他得出了暮春时节花会衰落等情况的暗示，这就是“意”，即感官事实的解释暮春时节花会衰落等情况的暗示，这就是“意”，即感官事实的解释性关系。表达出来的“意”就是从个别之中推演出来的一般范畴，如性关系。表达出来的“意”就是从个别之中推演出来的一般范畴，如“暮春”。该诗只提到花和微风，读者从中读出诗人之“意”。“暮春”。该诗只提到花和微风，读者从中读出诗人之“意”。“意”有时是“意图”或“意愿”，它用于文学通常总是携带某种意“意”有时是“意图”或“意愿”，它用于文学通常总是携带某种意图性。另外一些时候，“意”泛指“某人思考事物的方式”。与后一图性。另外一些时候，“意”泛指“某人思考事物的方式”。与后一种用法有关的复合词有“古意”、古题（一个诗的亚文类）。种用法有关的复合词有“古意”、古题（一个诗的亚文类）。 —— —— 宇文所安：《中国文论：英译评论宇文所安：《中国文论：英译评论 ·· 术语集释》，第术语集释》，第 665665页。页。

The term “image” in classical The term “image” in classical Chinese poeticsChinese poetics

象 一个事物的标准视觉图式（象 一个事物的标准视觉图式（ schematization)schematization) 或图式花过或图式花过程中的一个观念（例如《易》中的一个变化阶段或卦象）程中的一个观念（例如《易》中的一个变化阶段或卦象）的体现。按照新道家王弼在《易》“明象”章的说法，的体现。按照新道家王弼在《易》“明象”章的说法，“象”是概念（“意”）和语言之间的必要的中介。“象”是概念（“意”）和语言之间的必要的中介。“象”既非特定的事物（虽然可以感觉到它就在特定的事“象”既非特定的事物（虽然可以感觉到它就在特定的事物之中）亦非事物的观念，它是对标准事物的一种感官图物之中）亦非事物的观念，它是对标准事物的一种感官图式。南宋以来，文学中的“象”越来越强烈地与“外貌”式。南宋以来，文学中的“象”越来越强烈地与“外貌”联系起来，因此改词有时有时不准确地用来指现象世界，联系起来，因此改词有时有时不准确地用来指现象世界，例如“象外”暗示感官世界之外，“万象”指感官世界的例如“象外”暗示感官世界之外，“万象”指感官世界的一切现象。一切现象。 —— —— 宇文所安：《中国文论：英译评论宇文所安：《中国文论：英译评论 ·· 术语集释》，术语集释》，第第 657657 页 。页 。

The term “image” in classical The term “image” in classical Chinese poeticsChinese poetics

3.What is an image in poetry?3.What is an image in poetry?

A. An image is organic combination A. An image is organic combination of subjective views and objective of subjective views and objective things.things.

B. B. Ezra Pound defined an image as an intellectual and Ezra Pound defined an image as an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time, as a vortex oemotional complex in an instant of time, as a vortex or cluster of fused ideas endowed with energy. Ezra Por cluster of fused ideas endowed with energy. Ezra Pound proposed two different kinds of images, namely,und proposed two different kinds of images, namely, " subjective image " coming from the brain and " obj " subjective image " coming from the brain and " objective image " from external which shared some charective image " from external which shared some characteristics with the term “xing xiang (acteristics with the term “xing xiang ( 兴象兴象 ) " in anci) " in ancient Chinese critics.ent Chinese critics.

4.Nature image4.Nature image Nature is home of human beings. The close relationship betwNature is home of human beings. The close relationship betw

een human beings and nature is an everlasting topic of poetry een human beings and nature is an everlasting topic of poetry due to the great important role it plays in human life; therefore due to the great important role it plays in human life; therefore nature images become the highlights of critics of different natinature images become the highlights of critics of different nations and times. Everything in nature, whether an anonymous flons and times. Everything in nature, whether an anonymous flower or a smart animal, may offer distinctive aesthetic rejoice ower or a smart animal, may offer distinctive aesthetic rejoice to poets and become an independent aesthetic object with specto poets and become an independent aesthetic object with special symbolization of cultural value. Poets always write not onlial symbolization of cultural value. Poets always write not only nature scenery but also the landscape of their novel horizons, y nature scenery but also the landscape of their novel horizons, which are often closely related to the natural environment they which are often closely related to the natural environment they live in and cultural background. However, different aesthetic tlive in and cultural background. However, different aesthetic taste and expression ways in the description of “nature images” aste and expression ways in the description of “nature images” are shaped according to different cultural traditions and natural are shaped according to different cultural traditions and natural environment in western and eastern world. environment in western and eastern world.

自然意象举例自然意象举例 青山碧水，日月星辰 ,花草树木 , 各种动物 , 几乎无一例外地不可入诗……这些本是自然物象，无所谓情感，但到了诗人笔下，它们都带上了情感，所有这些“原原本本”的物象并不就是客观事物的原真状态，而是经过了诗人主观意志处理的东西。以中国古典诗词中的明月为例 .一般说来，古诗中的月亮是思乡的代名词。李白《静夜思》：“床前明月光，疑是地上霜，举头望明月，低头思故乡。”这首诗表现了李白什么样的感情？思乡之情。诗中的月亮就不再是纯客观的物象，而是浸染了诗人感情的意象了。杜甫《月夜忆舍弟》：“露从今夜白，月是故乡明。”露总是白的，但今夜更白，因为感受在今夜；月无处不明，但故乡更明，因为忆弟思家。诗人以幻作真，为的是突出对故乡的思念。唐人王建《十五夜望寄杜郎中》：“今夜月明人尽望，不知秋思落谁家。”诗句以委婉的疑问点出了这月圆之夜人间普遍的怀人心绪，含蓄地表现了诗人对故乡朋友的深切思念。

5.National characteristics of nature image5.National characteristics of nature image

5. 1. The influence of natural environment on 5. 1. The influence of natural environment on the selection of nature images the selection of nature images a) With different natural environment, there a) With different natural environment, there are different animals and plants , which are different animals and plants , which influenced upon the selection of images. In influenced upon the selection of images. In such a period of selection, fixed images have such a period of selection, fixed images have been shaped , compared with free images. been shaped , compared with free images.

5.2 Fixed images. 5.2 Fixed images. For readers, the meaning and connotation of fixed For readers, the meaning and connotation of fixed images are relatively steady, without ambiguity that images are relatively steady, without ambiguity that mislead them. When reading these images, the mislead them. When reading these images, the readers associate the same or similar pictures more or readers associate the same or similar pictures more or less. They also have similar feelings in reading. On less. They also have similar feelings in reading. On the other hand, the free images depend more on the the other hand, the free images depend more on the context and give readers varied feelings with their context and give readers varied feelings with their individual elements ,such as education background, individual elements ,such as education background, character , experiences and so on. character , experiences and so on.

5.3 Fixed images 5.3 Fixed images In classical Chinese poems , the image of willow usually symbIn classical Chinese poems , the image of willow usually symb

olized the feeling of homesick and sadness of parting, bamboo olized the feeling of homesick and sadness of parting, bamboo symbolizing honest and noble quality of gentleman, the love psymbolizing honest and noble quality of gentleman, the love pea symbolizing love and peach blossom symbolizing the beautea symbolizing love and peach blossom symbolizing the beauty of maid. y of maid.

Gathering Ferns (selected from the Book of Poetry) Gathering Ferns (selected from the Book of Poetry) ……. ……. My native willows green and gay My native willows green and gay Did wave me farewell in the past; Did wave me farewell in the past; Now that I’m on my homebound way, Now that I’m on my homebound way, This sleet is falling thick and fast. This sleet is falling thick and fast. Stricken with such hunger and thrist, Stricken with such hunger and thrist, I’m staggering at a pace slow; I’m staggering at a pace slow; And worst of all, my heart does burst And worst of all, my heart does burst With such sorrow as none could know!With such sorrow as none could know!

b) With different natural environment, the selection ob) With different natural environment, the selection of nature images of the same feeling shows a great varif nature images of the same feeling shows a great variety. ety. To express love , in ancient China, people used to s To express love , in ancient China, people used to select the lotus as their love messenger because “ elect the lotus as their love messenger because “ 垂垂莲子” 莲子” , Chinese equivalence of lotus in English, is t, Chinese equivalence of lotus in English, is the homonym of “he homonym of “垂怜子” 垂怜子” which means “love thewhich means “love thee” in an euphemism way. While in English poetry, the” in an euphemism way. While in English poetry, they bestowed their love to rose , especially after the puey bestowed their love to rose , especially after the publication of the poem “A red red rose” of great Scottisblication of the poem “A red red rose” of great Scottish poet Robert Burns. h poet Robert Burns.

　由于“莲”与“怜”音同，所以古诗中　由于“莲”与“怜”音同，所以古诗中有不少写莲的诗句，借以表达爱情。如南有不少写莲的诗句，借以表达爱情。如南朝乐府《西洲曲》：“采莲南塘秋，莲花朝乐府《西洲曲》：“采莲南塘秋，莲花过人头；低头弄莲子，莲子青如水。”过人头；低头弄莲子，莲子青如水。”“莲子”即“怜子”，“青”即“清”。“莲子”即“怜子”，“青”即“清”。这里是实写也是虚写，语意双关，采用谐这里是实写也是虚写，语意双关，采用谐音双关的修辞，表达了一个女子对所爱的音双关的修辞，表达了一个女子对所爱的男子的深长思念和爱情的纯洁。 男子的深长思念和爱情的纯洁。

O my luve is like a red, red rose,O my luve is like a red, red rose,That's newly sprung in June;That's newly sprung in June;O my luve is like the melodie,O my luve is like the melodie,That's sweetly played in tune.That's sweetly played in tune.

As fair thou art, my bonie lass,As fair thou art, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a' the seas gang dry.Till a' the seas gang dry.

Till a' the sea gang dry, my dear,Till a' the sea gang dry, my dear,And the rock melt wi' the sun;And the rock melt wi' the sun;And I will luve thee still, my dear,And I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o' life shall run.While the sands o' life shall run.

And fare thee weel, my only luve,And fare thee weel, my only luve,And fare thee weel a while;And fare thee weel a while;And I will come again, my luve,And I will come again, my luve,Tho's it were ten thousand mile! Tho's it were ten thousand mile!

啊，我的爱人象红红的玫瑰，啊，我的爱人象红红的玫瑰，在六月里苞放；在六月里苞放；啊，我的爱人象一支乐曲，啊，我的爱人象一支乐曲，乐声美妙、悠扬。乐声美妙、悠扬。你那么美，漂亮的姑娘；你那么美，漂亮的姑娘；我爱你那么深切；我爱你那么深切；我会永远爱你，亲爱的，我会永远爱你，亲爱的，一直到四海涸竭。直到四海涸竭，亲爱的，一直到四海涸竭。直到四海涸竭，亲爱的，直到太阳把岩石消融！直到太阳把岩石消融！我会永远爱你，亲爱的，我会永远爱你，亲爱的，只要生命无穷。只要生命无穷。再见吧，我唯一的爱人，再见吧，我唯一的爱人，再见吧，小别片刻；再见吧，小别片刻；我会回来的，我的爱人，我会回来的，我的爱人，即使万里相隔！ 即使万里相隔！

6. The influence of culture and politics on the 6. The influence of culture and politics on the

appreciation of nature imagesappreciation of nature images 6.1With different culture background, the same image often 6.1With different culture background, the same image often

demonstrates different aesthetic temperament and interest in demonstrates different aesthetic temperament and interest in the Chinese and English poetry. Most British and American the Chinese and English poetry. Most British and American people believe in Christianity and Catholicism .Affected by people believe in Christianity and Catholicism .Affected by Bible, nature images in English poems have developed with Bible, nature images in English poems have developed with direct ,bold and excited feelings, such as paradise, narcissus, direct ,bold and excited feelings, such as paradise, narcissus, snake and apple. Ancient Chinese people usually believed in snake and apple. Ancient Chinese people usually believed in Buddhism or Taoism, therefore there must be connotation of Buddhism or Taoism, therefore there must be connotation of Buddhism and Taoism in China's classical poem, such as this Buddhism and Taoism in China's classical poem, such as this image of the lotus, permeate strong Buddhism color. image of the lotus, permeate strong Buddhism color.

I.E “bell" the image I.E “bell" the image

6.2 6.2 The selection of different images in Chinese and English poetry is mirror The selection of different images in Chinese and English poetry is mirror

to the different nature value. The Great Britain is an island country. The to the different nature value. The Great Britain is an island country. The conflict between human’s instinct of striving and the rough living conflict between human’s instinct of striving and the rough living conditions led to great contradiction of psychology of human being and the conditions led to great contradiction of psychology of human being and the nature itself. Psychologically, people take precautious of wave, attack of nature itself. Psychologically, people take precautious of wave, attack of the typhoon and storm all the time. U.S.A. is a vast in territory with varied the typhoon and storm all the time. U.S.A. is a vast in territory with varied climates there, which shaped the resolute and strong character of the climates there, which shaped the resolute and strong character of the nation. They were ready to fight against nature every second. Besides, the nation. They were ready to fight against nature every second. Besides, the progress of natural science and the ability of human being to control and progress of natural science and the ability of human being to control and transform nature had been strengthened thereupon. As a result , more transform nature had been strengthened thereupon. As a result , more displayed in English poems is pleasant sensation of conquering nature in displayed in English poems is pleasant sensation of conquering nature in English poems. English poems. Even a sentimental attachment to nature in romantic period is resulted in Even a sentimental attachment to nature in romantic period is resulted in the disappointment of crisis brought by the industrial civilization of the disappointment of crisis brought by the industrial civilization of capitalism. The poet showed great desire for freedom rather than capitalism. The poet showed great desire for freedom rather than satisfaction. And in China of the long feudal society, with relatively steady satisfaction. And in China of the long feudal society, with relatively steady politics in a long-term and harmonious relationship between people and politics in a long-term and harmonious relationship between people and nature, the poets were more likely to appreciate the beauty of nature from nature, the poets were more likely to appreciate the beauty of nature from the deep of heart It was also a picture of self-satisfactory popular in feudal the deep of heart It was also a picture of self-satisfactory popular in feudal society upon the influence of traditional religions in China, Buddhism and society upon the influence of traditional religions in China, Buddhism and Taoism. Taoism.

举例说明：举例说明： 鹿 柴 鹿 柴 -------- 王 维 王 维 空 山 不 见 人 ， 空 山 不 见 人 ， 但 闻 人 语 响 。 但 闻 人 语 响 。 返 景 入 深 林 ， 返 景 入 深 林 ， 复 照 青 苔 上 。 复 照 青 苔 上 。

The Deer Enclosure --- Wang Wei The Deer Enclosure --- Wang Wei Empty the hills,no man in sight, Empty the hills,no man in sight, Yet voices echo here; Yet voices echo here; Deep in the woods slanting sunlight, Deep in the woods slanting sunlight, Falls on the jade-green moss. Falls on the jade-green moss.

7.Conclusion7.Conclusion Here we explored the differences of images apHere we explored the differences of images ap

plied in Chinese and English poems by discussplied in Chinese and English poems by discussing in the three following aspects, ie., the theoring in the three following aspects, ie., the theory of image, the national characteristics of Chiny of image, the national characteristics of Chinese and English poetry. With these in mind, yoese and English poetry. With these in mind, you will have a better understanding of poems.u will have a better understanding of poems.

QuestionsQuestions 1.1.试分析中英诗歌中月亮意象的同与异现象。试分析中英诗歌中月亮意象的同与异现象。 2.2.试结合具体作品分析中英诗歌中动物意象试结合具体作品分析中英诗歌中动物意象的不同的文化原因。的不同的文化原因。