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a framework for assessing media development

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  • 2011

    UNESCO Tehran Office

    Translation to Persian language of Media Development

    Indicators: a framework for assessing media development,

    UNESCO, 2008

    CI/COM/2008/PI/3

  • )28 262008(

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    .

    First Published in Farsi in 2011 by UNESCO Tehran Cluster Office Address: Bahman Building, Saadabad Complex, Darband Square, Tajrish Square Postal Code: 19896Tel: +9821 2275 1315-17Fax: +9821 2275 1318Contact: Arya Gunawan Usis Advisor for Comunication & [email protected] by: Ali Isari [email protected], Layout and Printing by:Tardid Advertising [email protected]

    1390

    : - -

    19896: 1315-17 2275 9821 +

    : 1318 2275 9821 +: [email protected]

    : [email protected]

    :

    [email protected]

    2008

    1,rue Miollis 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France Baseline Arts Ltd, Oxford :

    2010

    CI/COM/2008/PI/3 : UNESCO 2008

    First Published in 2008 by UNESCO Communication and Information Sector1,rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex15, FranceTypeset by Baseline Arts Ltd,OxfordPrinted by UNESCO, ParisSecond Print: 2010 Reference number: CI/COM/2008/PI/3 UNESCO 2008Printed in FRANCE

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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    (Islam 2002:1) .

    1. : (undated); Islam (2002); Global Forum for Media Development (2006); Norris and Zinnbauer (2002);

    UNESCO-CPHS ( 2006) Article 19 .

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    pdf/media_development_indicators_background_paper.pdf

    http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/24288/11743196661media_development_indicators_background_paper

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    www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion/ :

    http://www.achpr.org/english_/info/index_free_exp_en.htmlhttp://www.article19.org/pdfs/standards/accessairwaves.pdfhttp://www.humanrights.coe.int/media/index.htmhttp://www.freedominfo.org/documents/global_survey2006.pdfhttp://www.ifjeuropeorg/default.asp?Issue=EFJsources&Language=ENhttp://www.ijnet.org/Director.aspx?P=MediaLawshttp://www.ijnet.org/Director.aspx?P=MediaLaws&cat=2http://www.cidh.org/Relatoria/index.asp?lID=1http://www.osce.org/fomhttp://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs04/Right%20to%20Information.pdfhttp://www.article19.org/docimages/1707.pdfhttp://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/opinion

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    http://www.article19.org/pdfs/standards/modelpsblaw.pdfhttp://www.ebu.ch/CMSimages/en/leg_ref_coe_r96_10_psb_110996_tcm6-4322.pdfhttp://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=pubbroad&Language=ENhttp://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=pubroadlinks&Language=ENhttp://www.psbt.org/index2.htmhttp://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.phpURL_ID=20394&URL_DO=DO_http://www.abu.org.my

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    Bosnia-Herzegovina :www.cra.ba

    Canada :www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/welcome.htm

    Czech Republic :http//:www.rrtv.cz/en/

    Estonia :www.rhn.ee/e_main.htm

    Europe :www.epra.org/content/english/index2.html

    Europe :www.ebu.ch/en/index.php

    Jamaica :www.broadcastingcommission.org

    Kenya :www.cck.go.ke/home/index.asp

    Kosovo :www.imc-ko.org/index.php?lang=en&pag=home

    Nigeria :www.nbc.gov.ng

    North America :http//:www.nabanet.com/

    South Africa :www.icasa.org.za/Default.aspx?Page=2

    United Kingdom :www.ofcom.org.uk/

    .

    . - - . . .

    http://www.cra.bahttp://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/welcome.htmhttp://www.rrtv.cz/enhttp://www.rhn.ee/e_main.htmhttp://www.epra.org/content/english/index2.htmlhttp://www.ebu.ch/en/index.phphttp://www.broadcastingcommission.orghttp://www.cck.go.ke/home/index.asphttp://www.imc-ko.org/index.php?lang=en&pag=homehttp://www.nbc.gov.nghttp://www.nabanet.comhttp://www.icasa.org.za/Default.aspx?Page=2http://www.ofcom.org.uk

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    :http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=5190

    : www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelines

    :

    www.media-accountability.org/html/frameset.php?page=directory

    : www.mediaaccountability.

    org/html/frameset.php?page=library2

    : www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=ETHICS&Language=EN

    - : www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/51725/

    http://www.article19.org/pdfs/conferences/sarajevo-conference-report.pdfhttp://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=5190http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelineshttp://www.media-accountability.org/html/frameset.php?page=directoryhttp://www.mediaaccountabilityhttp://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=ETHICS&Language=ENhttp://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/51725

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    : www.ijnet.org/Director.aspx?P=Ethics

    :www.presswise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=40

    : :www.presswise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=708

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    19 :www.article19.org

    19 : www.article19.org/pdfs/tools/electionbroadcastingtrans.pdf

    19 : 2006:

    www.article19.org/pdfs/tools/broadcasting-manual.pdf

    : :http//:portal.unesco.org/ci/en/files/21345/11399384219

    . pdf/Guidelines+for+Broadcasting+Regulation.pdf

    CM/Rec(2007) 15 .

    USAID : 2002:

    www.usaid .gov/our_work/democracy_and_governance/publications/pdfs/pnacm006.pdf

    . .

    . .

    http://www.article19.orghttp://www.article19.org/pdfs/tools/electionbroadcastingtrans.pdfhttp://www.article19.org/pdfs/tools/broadcasting-manual.pdfhttp://www.usaid

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    : http//:www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/researchlearning/Annual Edelman Annual

    www.edelman.co.uk/insights/trust/Edelman%20Trust :2006 %20Barometer%202006.pdf

    Globescan 2006, BBC/Reuters/Media Center Poll: Trust in the Media:

    www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbcreut.html

    . www.idea.int/democracy/globalbarometers cfm. : ""

    : www.mediawise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=72

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    2006 : :www.predicaments.com/telecomexpress/fullarticle.php?id=41

    : www.transparency.org/policy_research /surveys_indices/global/cpi

    . . .

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/researchlearning/Annualhttp://www.edelman.co.uk/insights/trust/Edelman%20Trusthttp://www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbcreut.htmlhttp://www.idea.int/democracy/globalbarometershttp://www.mediawise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=72http://pewglobal.orghttp://www.predicaments.com/telecomexpress/fullarticle.php?id=41http://www.transparency.org/policy_research

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    " : http//:unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001567/156773e.pdf" 2007:

    : :www.cpj.org/killed/killed_archives/stats.html

    : www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/PFS/PFSMethodology2006.pdf

    www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/PFS/PFSGlobalTables2006.pdf

    www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=KILL&Language=EN :

    : www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/240/

    : www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/237/www.newssafety.com :

    : www.irex.org/msi/index.asp

    :www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=554

    http://www.cpj.org/killed/killed_archives/stats.htmlhttp://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/PFS/PFSMethodology2006.pdfhttp://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/PFS/PFSGlobalTables2006.pdfhttp://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=KILL&Language=ENhttp://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/240http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/237http://www.newssafety.comhttp://www.irex.org/msi/index.asphttp://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=554

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  • 79

    www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/mediadevelopment: www.cpu.org.uk/tr_courses.html :

    :www.communicationforsocialchange.org

    :www.ifjeuropeorg/default.asp?index=4347&Language=EN

    http://70.87.64.34/~intint/gfmd_info/index.php : - : www.whomakesthenews.org/events/workshops

    :www.iwpr.net/index.php?apc_state=henotop_

    programmes_new.html&s=o&o=training_index1.html

    / www.ifj.org/pdfs/IFJ%20HIV%20RESEARCH%20REPORT.pdf :Reportstag

    : www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=RStage&Language=EN

    : www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=Gender%20india&Language=EN

    : www.ijnet.org/Director.aspx?P=MediaAssistance

    www.newssafety.com : www.internews.org/activity/training/default.shtm :www.whomakesthenews.org/events/workshops : :www.presswise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=41

    Panos Institute: www.panos.org :

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/mediadevelopment:http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/mediadevelopment:http://www.cpu.org.uk/tr_courses.htmlhttp://www.communicationforsocialchange.orghttp://www.ifjeuropeorg/default.asp?index=4347&Language=ENhttp://70.87.64.34/~intint/gfmd_info/index.phphttp://www.whomakesthenews.org/events/workshopshttp://www.iwpr.net/index.php?apc_state=henotop_http://www.ifj.org/pdfs/IFJ%20HIV%20RESEARCH%20REPORT.pdfhttp://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=RStage&Language=ENhttp://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Issue=Gender%20india&Language=ENhttp://www.ijnet.org/Director.aspx?P=MediaAssistancehttp://www.newssafety.comhttp://www.internews.org/activity/training/default.shtmhttp://www.whomakesthenews.org/events/workshopshttp://www.presswise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=41http://www.panos.org

  • 80

    Reuters foundation: www.foundation.reuters.com : :

    Southern Africa Media Training Trust: www.nsjtraining.org Thomson foundation: www.thomsonfoundation.co.uk : www.bjtc.org.uk/about.aspx : www.nctj.com :

    2007:http//:unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001514/151496E.pdf

    2007:

    http//:unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001512/151209E.pdf

    http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php : -URL_ID=4625&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

    Union Network International http//:www.union-network.org

    www.wan-press.org/article37.html : :

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  • 81

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    2007: http//:unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001514/151496E.pdf

    http://portal.unesco.orghttp://www.ijnet.orghttp://www.bjtc.org.uk/about.aspx

  • 83

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    Union Network International: www.union-network.org : www.wan-press.org : www.wan-press.org/wef/articles.php?id=2 :

    http://www.aib.org.uk/index.asp?node_id=http://www.communicationforsocialchange.orghttp://www.ifj.org/pdfs/MembersList2006.pdfhttp://www.ijnet.orghttp://www.union-network.orghttp://www.wan-press.orghttp://www.wan-press.org/wef/articles.php?id=

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    19- : www.article19.org/work/regions/index.html

    Civicus- 35 www.civicus.org : www.comminit.com : www.communicationforsocialchange.org :

    Cyberjournalist.net :www.cyberjournalist.net

    :

    www.indymedia.org/en/static/about.shtml

    www.indexonline.org : www.ifex.org : www.freemedia.at/cms/ipi/ : www.foiadvocates.net/index_eng.html : www.misa.org : http://radioafrica.oneworld.net :

    : www.panosparis.org/gb/monde.php

    www.southasianmedia.net : www.seemo.at : www.amarc.org :

    http://www.article19.org/work/regions/index.htmlhttp://www.civicus.orghttp://www.comminit.comhttp://www.communicationforsocialchange.orghttp://www.cyberjournalist.nethttp://www.indymedia.org/en/static/about.shtmlhttp://www.indexonline.orghttp://www.ifex.orghttp://www.freemedia.at/cms/ipihttp://www.foiadvocates.net/index_eng.htmlhttp://www.misa.orghttp://radioafrica.oneworld.nethttp://www.panosparis.org/gb/monde.phphttp://www.southasianmedia.nethttp://www.seemo.athttp://www.amarc.org

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    IREX - www.irex.org :

    http://portal.unesco. :- org/ci/en/ev.php-

    URL_ID=19487&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

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  • 93

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    . (The Multi Sector Ic Dynamic (DMTIC

    :http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/pdf/AMDI/drc/amdi_drc_full_report.pdf.

    http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/pdf/AMDI/drc/amdi_drc_full_report.pdf

  • 94

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    : www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/specials/1552_trust_amdi/index.shtml

    - :www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html

    Globescan global public opinion and stakeholder research :www.globescan.com :

    : www.itu.int/ITUD/ :2001-2010 ldc/pdf/ICTand%20TELinLDC-e.pdf

    - 2006 ) (:

    www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/

    worldinformationsociety/2006/wisr-summary.pdfMedia Sustainability Index www.irex.org/msi :

    - :

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    ) (:www.steadmangroup

    com/research_index.php - :

    www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?ID=5831_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC - :

    www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?ID=6554_201&ID2=DO_TOPICwww.ghfund.com/WNIOverview.php : www.amarc.org :

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/specials/1552_trust_amdi/index.shtmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.htmlhttp://www.globescan.comhttp://www.itu.int/ITUDhttp://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publicationshttp://www.irex.org/msihttp://www.oecd.org/document/23/0,2340http://people-press.orghttp://www.steadmangrouphttp://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?ID=5831_201&ID2=DO_TOPIChttp://www.uis.unesco.org/ev.php?ID=6554_201&ID2=DO_TOPIChttp://www.ghfund.com/WNIOverview.phphttp://www.amarc.org

  • 96

    : - :

    http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2006/

    contents/Section5.htm - :

    www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/

    Global%20Information%20Technology%20Report/index.htm .

    http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2006http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp

  • 98

    )2007/10/31(

    19 )2002( : :(http://www.article19.org/pdfs/standards/accessairwaves.pdf)

    19 )2006( :

    (http://www.article19.org/pdfs/tools/broadcasting-manual.pdf)

    19 ) ( (http://www.britishcouncil.org/governance-publications-resources-publications.htm)

    (Banisar, David (2006, 2006:

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    :(http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/specials/1552_trust_amdi/index.shtml)

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    (Davis, Alan (2006 : 89-93

    http://www.article19.org/pdfs/standards/accessairwaves.pdfhttp://www.article19.org/pdfs/tools/broadcasting-manual.pdfhttp://www.britishcouncil.org/governance-publications-resources-publications.htmhttp://www.freedominfo.org/documents/global_survey2006.pdfhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/specials/1552_trust_amdi/index.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/docs/private_media_workshop_report.pdhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001356/135672e.pdfhttp://webzone.k3.mah.se/projects/comdev/_comdev_PDF_doc/Danida_ComDevt.pdf

  • 99

    )2005( -

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    )2007( 2007: (http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=16)

    ((Holtz-Bacher, Christina (2004 .

    )2006(

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    )2006( : 2001-2010 ldc/pdf/ICTand%20TELinLDC-e.pdf) ((http//:www.itu.int/ITUD

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    Perspectives on Advancing Media and Development from the Global Forum for Media development)http//:www.internews.org/pubs/gfmd/mediamatters.pdf)

    (Islam, Roumeen (2002 : : :

    http//:64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:XUOfPOiFZvUJ:www.worldbank.org/

    wbi/RighttoTell/righttotellOverview.pdf+right+to+tell&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=1)

    ,(Lambino II, Antonio, Alexandra Tebay and Sarah Buzby (2006 : : 81-88)Norris, Pippa and Dieter Zinnbauer )2002, :

    http://hdr.undp.org/docs/publications/background_papers/2002/Norris-Zinnbauer_2002.pdf ((Parks, Will with Denise Gray-Felder, Jim Hunt and Ailish Byrne (2005

    http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/icd-guidelines.pdfhttp://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=16http://www.irex.org/msi/index.asphttp://www.itu.int/ITUDhttp://www.internews.org/pubs/gfmd/mediamatters.pdfhttp://www.worldbank.orghttp://hdr.undp.org/docs/publications/background_papers/2002/Norris-Zinnbauer_2002.pdf

  • 100

    (http://www.communicationforsocialchange.org/pdf/who_measures_change.pdf)

    (Schellschmidt, Peter (2005 :

    Friedrich Ebert Stiftung) http//:library.fes.de/pdffiles /bueros/namibia/03267.pdf( )2006(

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    )Whitehouse, Mark (2006 : : 76-80

    http://www.communicationforsocialchange.org/pdf/who_measures_change.pdfhttp://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs06/A%20Guide%20to%20Measuring%20the%20Impact%20of%20Right%20to%20Information%20Programmes%20%-20final%20http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs06/A%20Guide%20to%20Measuring%20the%20Impact%20of%20Right%20to%20Information%20Programmes%20%-20final%20http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs06/A%20Guide%20to%20Measuring%20the%20Impact%20of%20Right%20to%20Information%20Programmes%20%-20final%20http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs06/Communicationforempowermentfinal.pdfhttp://gem.sciences-po.fr/content/publications/pdf/novel_pressfreedom_poverty__150606.pdfhttp://gem.sciences-po.fr/content/publications/pdf/novel_pressfreedom_poverty__150606.pdf

  • )28-26 2008(

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  • Contents