A preliminary evaluation of post-combustion CO2

capture in a CSIRO pilot plant using MEA at Loy Yang Power in Australia

Fourth International Conference on Clean Coal Technologies (CCT2009)Dresden, Germany, 18-21 May 2009

Yuli Artanto

Greetings…..

Safety First安全第Sûreté

Utamakan Selamatбезопасность

Contents

AIMS

RESULTS

PCC DEVELOPING BY CSIRO IN AUSTRALIA

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

INTRODUCTION

FUTURE WORKS

Aims

•

To obtain practical experience with real flue gases from a lignite fired power plant

•

To test the performance of pilot plant under nominal conditions

•

To assess the effect of operational parameters alteration on the performance of CO2

absorption.

•

To compare the results with simulation calculations

Contents

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS

PCC DEVELOPING BY CSIRO IN AUSTRALIA

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

AIMS

FUTURE WORKS

Introduction: Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector in 2006

AUSTRALIAVICTORIA

52.30%

14.40%

6.30%

5.20%

16.40%

2.50%

3.00%

Stationary Energy TransportFugitive Emissions Industrial ProcessesAgriculture Land use, Land-use change and forestryWaste

66.40%16.30%

1.60%

2.00%

12.40%

-3.50%

3.50%

`

Total:122 Mt CO2

e

Source: http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/greenhouse/australia-victoria-emissions.asp

Total:550 Mt CO2

e

Trend of Net GHG Emissions from Stationary Energy in Victoria

Source: http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/greenhouse/australia-victoria-emissions.asp

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990 2000 2006

Year

Net

GH

G e

miss

ions

(M

t C

O2-

e)

Brown coal in Victoria

• The Latrobe Valley situated in Victoria has a brown coal hub

• 33 billion tonnes easily accessible (400 billion tonnes in reserve)

• 500 years of supply at current rates of production• Low in ash (incl. heavy metals), sulfur

and

nitrogen –

but has a higher moisture content• Foreseable

feedstock –

generate electricity, liquid

(transportation) and solid (export) fuels and chemicals

Electricity Generated in Victoria

Picture from http://www.loyyangpower.com.au/documents/corporate-brochure/lypcorp.pdf

94% of electricity is generated from power stations fuelled with lignite/brown coals

Conventional power plantsin Victoria emit about 1,225 kg of CO2

/MWh

Geosequestration

potential in Victoria

Potential capacity of Gippsland Basin deep saline aquifers : 33,300 MT (630 TCF or 275 years of Victorian emissions)

Succinct distance for production, CCS and consumption of electricity

Contents

PCC DEVELOPING BY CSIRO IN AUSTRALIA

RESULTS

INTRODUCTIONS

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

AIMS

FUTURE WORKS

Post Combustion CO2

capture pilot plant developed by CSIRO in Australia

Ammonia –black coal

Amines –brown coal

Amines –black coal

Latrobe Valley Post-Combustion Capture Project

Energy Technology Innovation Strategy (ETIS)

Pilot plant scale : 150 kg/h

Design CO2

capture : 90%

Solvent base : MEA 30%

Commissioning : July 2008

Stripper

Absorber column 2

Caustic WashColumn

Solvent Feed Tank

Absorber column 1

Plant SpecificationAbsorbers:

-

200DN stainless steel pipe (211 mm ID)

-

The column height: 9.4 m

-

Total packing height: 3.7 m (2 x 1.35 m)

Stripper:-

150DN stainless steel pipe (161 mm ID)

-

Stripper height : 6.9 m

-

Packing height: 3.9 m.

Pall ring packing, (i) packing size in every section is 160 mm, (ii) specific area of packing is 338 m2/m3

and (iii) packing factor (1/m) is 306.

Contents

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

RESULTS

PCC DEVELOPING BY CSIRO IN AUSTRALIA

INTRODUCTION

AIMS

FUTURE WORKS

PCC Loy Yang Research &Development Path

2008 2009 2010

01

02

03Performance of pilot plant at different conditions using MEA based solvent

Installation andcommissioning

04

06

05

07Performance of pilot plant at different conditions using blended & novel solvent

2011

Applicability study for integration between PCC and (New/exisiting) power station

research & development

Experimental Program FY2008/2009

Campaign 01

•

Handling the plant system correctly

•

Fine tune nominal conditions using 30% MEA and real flue gas –

as base line

Campaign 02

•

The effect of changing operational conditions:

flue gas rate (at constant gas/solvent ratio), solvent flow rate, reboiler temperature, stripper pressure

Experimental Program FY2008/2009

Campaign 03•

The effect of changing absorber temperature

•

Temperature profile of absorber

Nominal conditions for fine-tuning testMEA concentration: 30%

Flue gas rate: 150 m3/h

Solvent rate: 0.34 m3/h Absorber inlet Temp.: 40°CStripper Press.: ~0.6 bar(g) Reboiler Temp.: ~116°C

Loy Yang Pilot Plant (150 kgCO2

/hr) Simplified Process Flow Diagram

P-9

Steam

Condensate

Reboiler (plate type)

Stripper

Absorber 1Absorber 2

Solvent make-up

Tank

Make-up

Flue gas

Treated flue gas

CO2 product

Make-up NaOH

Spent NaOH recycled

Knock-out drum

Blower

Condensates and Particulates

Flue Gas pre-treatment

Gas sampling point

Liquid sampling point

Three different approaches to determine %CO2 recovery

Liquid analysis based:

2)column (toABSnt pretreatmeafter 2

1column ABSenter solvent lean in 22column ABS fromsolvent rich in 2

2)column (toABSnt pretreatmeafter 2

stripper from produced2

2)column (toABSnt pretreatmeafter 2

fluegas in treated22)column (toABSnt pretreatmeafter 2

x100

x100

x100

COCOCO

COCO

COCOCO

−

−

CO2 product (from stripper) based:

Treated flue gas based:

Typical flue gas conditions

INLET TO ABS COLUMN 2

TEMPERATURE 150 –

170 35 –

45

H2

O (%v-wet) 20 –

22 6 –

9

CO2 (%v-wet) 10 –

11 11 –

12

O2 (%v-wet) 4 –

5 5 –

6

SO2 (ppmv-wet) 149 –

152 4 –

5

NOX (ppm-wet) 184 –

186 194 –

195

Contents

RESULTS

INTRODUCTION

PCC DEVELOPING BY CSIRO IN AUSTRALIA

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

AIMS

FUTURE WORKS

CO2

balance

Flue gas = 125 m3/h, solvent flow = 0.34 m3/h

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

12:28:48 12:47:31 13:06:14 13:24:58 13:43:41 14:02:24 14:21:07 14:39:50 14:58:34Time

CO

2 mas

s flo

w (k

g/h)

-40%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Bal

ance

CO2 feed CO2 product CO2 (treated flue gas) CO2 balance

Effect of L/G changes on CO2

recovery

50

60

70

80

90

100

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

L/G (L/Nm³)

CO

2 rec

over

y (%

)

Liquid analysis CO2 product based treated flue gas based

Effect of L/G changes on CO2

recovery

50

60

70

80

90

100

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

L/G (L/Nm³)

CO

2 rec

over

y (%

)

Effect of L/G changes on heat duty

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

L/G (L/Nm³)

Reb

oile

r hea

t dut

y (M

J/kg

CO

2)

(75%)

(72%)(60%)

(69%)

(81%)

(83%)

(83%)

(84%)

(90%)

(89%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

L/G (L/Nm³)

CO

2 rec

over

ed (k

g/h)

ABS column 1 ABS column 2 Total

Comparison of CO2

absorbed between ABS columns 1 and 2

Simulation based on WinSim

Design II for Windows

1005 1001

1901

1902

150119 15

16 2101

2105

180118

21

170117

1602

1802

20013001

4001

5002

6001 7001

5001

6002

2505

20 30

40

50

31

25

70

60

CO2 product

Stripper

Absorber 2 Absorber 1

Water WashColumn

FLUEGAS

Flue Gaspretreatment

1601

10

2002110111

2501

13

3002120112

4002 3101

1301

26

2702

2701 2605

2601

27

28

232301

2302

Loy Yang Post Combustion Capture Pilot Plant - CSIRO

Less CO2-contained f lue gas

2801

Temperature profiles in ABS 1

30

34

38

42

46

50

54

58

62

66

0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 3.6

Relative distance from the bottom (m)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

) 10:03:0011:00:0012:00:0012:30:0013:00:0013:30:0014:12:30Simulation

Gas rate= 150 m3/hSolvent rate= 0.34 m3/h

ABS 1: captured 15.4 kg CO2

/h

30

34

38

42

46

50

54

58

62

66

0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 3.6

Relative distance from the bottom (m)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

) 10:03:0011:00:0012:00:0012:30:0013:00:0013:30:0014:12:30Simulation

Temperature profiles in ABS 2

Gas rate= 150 m3/hSolvent rate= 0.34 m3/h

ABS 2: captured 4.3 kg CO2

/h

CO2

recovery between WinSim simulation and Pilot plant experiment

L/G (L/Nm3)

Simulation Experiment

ABS 1 ABS 2 ABS 1 ABS 2

2.1 11.8 8.2 11.2 3.6

2.4 12.6 7.5 13.5 3.2

2.7 13.1 10.3 15.4 4.3

90

94

98

102

106

110

114

118

0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 3.6 3.9

Relative distance from the bottom (m)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

) 10:03:0011:00:0012:00:0012:30:0013:00:0013:30:0014:12:30Simulation-double Abs

Temperature profiles in Stripper

Gas rate= 150 m3/hSolvent rate= 0.34 m3/h

Contents

FUTURE WORKS

INTRODUCTION

PCC DEVELOPING BY CSIRO IN AUSTRALIA

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

AIMS

RESULTS

Future Works

Campaign 04 & 05

•

Similar to campaigns 1-2 and 3, but using blended solvent

Campaign 06 & 07

•

CO2

concentration profile in Absorbers

•

Trials with developmental solvent from semi- commercial scale

•

Contaminants in treated flue gas emissions and product degradation

Conclusion

•

Pilot plant trials run successfully and CO2

balance is satisfactory

•

A minimum reboiler heat duty versus L/G ratio is observed

•

Increasing L/G ratio improve CO2

recovery

•

Simulation and experiment show similar trend in temperature profiles of the stripper

•

Simulation gives higher CO2

recovery than that of pilot plant

Acknowledgements

Energy Technology Innovation Strategy (ETIS)

Paul Feron (CSIRO PCC Stream Manager), Aaron Cottrell (Head of pilot plant operations) and Moetaz Attalla (Head of solvent development)

Loy Yang Pilot Plant:

Erik Meuleman (Project Manager), James Jansen

(Plant Engineer), Mick Osborn (Assistant Plant Engineer) and Pauline Pearson (Experimental Chemist)

Leigh Wardhaugh, Scott Morgan, Andrew Allport, James McGregor, Rob Rowland, Terence Chow, Ashleigh Cousins and Doug Palfreyman