A Profile of Bihar

8/2/2019 A Profile of Bihar

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A profile of Bihar

Bihar's antiquity is evident from its name, which isderived from the ancient word "VIHARA" (monastery). Itis indeed a land of monasteries. Hindu, Buddhist, Jain,

Muslim and Sikh shrines abound in this ancient landwhere India's first major empires rose and fell. Where theruins of the worlds' earliest university slumbers in thevoid of time. The passage of Ganga, flowing wide anddeep enrich the plains of Bihar before distributing inBengal's deltoid zone.

Among all Indian states, Bihar is the one most intimately linked to the Buddhaslife, resulting in a trail of pilgrimages which have come to be known as theBuddhist circuit. The Buddhist trail begins at the capital city, Patna, where anoteworthy museum contains a collection of Hindu and Buddhist sculptures as well

as a terracotta urn said to contain the ashes of Lord Buddha.

The Khuda Baksh Oriental Library has rare Muslim manuscripts including somefrom the University of Cordoba in Spain. 40 km away, Vaishali, was the site for thesecond Buddhist Council is the presence of ruins testify. 90 km south of Patna is Nalanda which translates as the place that confers the lotus (of spiritual

knowledge). A monastic university flourished here from the 5th to the 11thcentury. It is said to have contained nine million books, with 2,000 teachers toimpart knowledge to 10,000 students who came from all over the Buddhist world.Lord Buddha himself taught here and Hieun Tsang, the 7th century Chinesetraveler, was a student. Ongoing excavations have uncovered temples, monasteries

and lecture halls. Rajgir, the royal palace, 12 km south, was the venue for the firstBuddhist Council.

The Buddha spent five years at Rajgir after having attained enlightenment, andmany of the remains at Rajgir commemorate various incidents related to life ofBuddha, the hill of Gridhrakuta being perhaps the most important, as this is wherethe Buddha delivered most of his sermons. Bodhgaya is the spot where LordBuddha attained enlightenment, with the Mahabodhi Temple marking the preciselocation.

This landlocked state of Bihar is surrounded by Nepal, Bengal, Orissa, Madhya

Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and comprises four cultural regions-Bhojpur, Mithila andMagadha and Chotanagpur. Rivers Kosi and Gandak from the north and Sone fromthe south join the Ganga. In the fertile plains, rice, sugarcane, oilseeds, gram,maize, jute, barley and wheat are cultivated.

Fact Fileof Bihar
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Destinations

Buddhist Circuit Jain Circuit Ramayana Circuit Sufi Circuit Gandhi Circuit Eco Circuit

Patna - An introduction Sonepur Fair - A Tradition through the Ages

Buddhist Circuit Top

Vaishali:Vaishali was one of the earliest republics in the world (6th century BC).It was here thatBuddha preached his last sermon. Vaishali, birthplace of Lord Mahavira is also Sacred to Jains.

Patna:Patna once called Patliputra the capital of Bihar, is among the world's oldest capital citieswith unbroken history of many centuries as imperial metropolis of the Mauryas and Guptasimperial dynasties.

Rajgir:Rajgir,19 kms from Nalanda, was the ancient capital of Magadha Empire. Lord Buddha

often visited the monastery here to meditate and to preach. Rajgir is also a place sacred to theJains, Since Lord Mahavira spent many years here.

Pawapuri:In Pawapuri, or Apapuri, 38 kilometres from Rajgir and 90 kilometres from Patna, allsins end for a devout Jain. Lord Mahavira, the final tirthankar and founder of Jainism, breathed hislast at this place.

Bodhgaya:Near the holy city of Gaya, the Buddha attained enlightenment. The tree that hadsheltered him came to be known as the Bodhi tree and the place Bodhgaya. Today Bodhgaya, animportant place of pilgrimage, has a number of monasteries, some of them established byBuddhists of Japan, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka etc.

Nalanda:A great centre of Buddhist learning, Nalanda came into prominence around the 5thcentury BC and was a flourishing university town with over ten thousand scholars and an extensivelibrary.

Kesaria: This Stupa is in fact one of the many memorable stupa remarkable event in the life ofBuddha. Kesaria has a lofty brick mound capped by a solid brick tower of considerable size, whichit self is the remain of a Buddhist Stupa. The mound is a ruin with a diameter of 68 feet at its base
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and a total height of 5 ft. originally it was crowned by a pinnacle which must have stood 80 or 90ft above the ground. General Cunningham dated this monument to AD 200 to 700, and held that itwas built upon the ruins of a much older and larger Stupa.

It is the highest Stupa found in the country with a height of about 104 from the base.

Jain Circuit Top

Rajgir:Rajgir,19 kms from Nalanda, was the ancient capital of Magadha Empire. Lord Buddhaoften visited the monastery here to meditate and to preach. Rajgir is also a place sacred to theJains, Since Lord Mahavira spent many years here.

Pawapuri:In Pawapuri, or Apapuri, 38 kilometres from Rajgir and 90 kilometres from Patna, allsins end for a devout Jain. Lord Mahavira, the final tirthankar and founder of Jainism, breathed hislast at this place.

Ramayan Circuit Top

Tar (Bhojpur): Situated about 10 kms North West of Piro the village derives its name from Tarka,a she demon killed by lord Rama. There is an old tank in the village that is said to be the wrestlingground of Tarka.

Ahirauli (Buxur): Situated about 5 kms north-east of Buxur, this village has a temple of DeviAhilya. According to the local tradition it dates back to the pre historic ages. Legend is that, Ahilyawas transformed into stone as a result of curse of her husband, Rishi Gautam and she could beredeemed only when lord Ram Chandra visited her place.

Ram Rekha Ghat (Buxur): According to the legends, lord Ram Chandra and his younger brotherLakshman with their teacher Rishi Vishwamitra had crossed the Ganga here on their way toJanakpur where he later took part in the Sita swayambar (the public ceremony of Sita's Marriage).

Pretshila Hills (Gaya): About 8 kms North-West of Gaya, the 873 feet high Pretshila Hills issituated. The literal meaning is the Hill of ghosts and it is sacred to yam, the Hindu god of hell andforms one of the sacred places of pilgrimage. On the top of the hill is a small temple, appropriatelydedicated to Yam (The God of death).

Giddheshwar (Jamui): According to local legends, the epic fight between the vulture Jatayu and

the demon Ravan took place here on the hill that is situated about 13 km south of Jamui, while thelatter was abducting Sita. There is a temple of Lord Shiva, which draws big crowds on the occasionof Shivratri and Maghi Purnima.

Kako (Jehanabad): Situated 10 km each of Jehanabad Railway station. According to a locallegends, Lord Ramchandras step mother, Rani Kekaiy of Ayodhya lived here for some time and

the village took its name after her. The village has also a tomb of Hazarat Bibi, Kamal Sahiba; agreat muslim lady saint. I is said that this lady was the aunt of Haryat Makdum Saheb of Bihar
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Sharif and Possessed devine powers.

Singheshwar Asthan (Madhepura): Singheshwar Sthan has been the abode of Lord Siva fromthe ancient times. Though there are various stories about the establishment of the Singheshwartemple, the one that is widely and popularly accepted, relates to Rishi Shringi. In ancient time

Singheshwar was situated on the bank of the river Kosi and was surrounded by dense and lushgreen forest. It was ideally situated for Tapasya (Meditation) and it is here that Vibhandak Rishialong with is son Rishi Shringi devoted all his time in deep meditation.

Phullahar (Madhubani): The village is situated about 6 kms West of the block headquarters atUmgaon under Harlakhi P.S. The village countains the temple of Goddess Girija. It is said thatSita, the daughter of king Janak, used to come here every day to worship the Goddess. Lord Ramasaw her for the first time at this place.

Sita Kund (Munger): A village about 6 Kms East of the Munger town contains a hot springknown as the Sita Kund spring, which is so called after the well known episode of Ramayan. Ram,

after rescuing his wife Sita from the demon king Ravan, suspected that she could not havemaintained her honour intact, and Sita, to prove her chastity, agreed to enter a blazing fire. Shecame out of the fiery or deal unscathed, and imparted to the pool in which she bathed, the heat shehad absorbed from the fire. The hot spring is now enclosed in a masonry reservoir and is visited bylarge number of pilgrims, specially at the full moon of Magh.

Ramchura (Vaishali): The place is situated in Vaishali block, where a fair is held every year onRam Nawami day. the local tradition has it that lord Ram Chandra had a stopover here for a bathon his way to Janakpur. There are some marks on stone, which are said to be his footprints.

Ahilya Asthan (Darbhanga): The village is situated about 24 kms North West of Darbhanga and

about 4 kms from Kamtaul Railway Station. It is known for the temple of Ahilya Asthan, which isassociated with the well known legend of the sage Gautam and his wife Ahilya as told in the epicsand Puranas. Inside the Shrine is a flat stone said to contain the foot prints of Sita, wife of Ram, asthe main object of worship.

Janki Temple (Sitamarhi): This temple is traditionally considered to be the birth place of Sita orJanki, the daughter of king Janak. This temple, however seems to have been built about 100 yearsago.

Janki Temple (Punausa): This temple is about 5 kms South West of Sitamarhi. It also Stakes thesame claim to be the birth place of Sita and is considered to be sacred place where people go for a

pilgrimage.

Haleshwar Asthan (Sitamarhi): This is an ancient temple of Lord Shiva about 3 kms North-Westof Sitamarhi. According to myths the King of Videha on the occasion of Putrayesthi Yojna,founded this temple.

Panth Pakar (Sitamarhi):An age old banyan tree still stands here about 8 kms North-East ofSitamarhi. It is said that when Sita left Janakpur in a Paanquin for Ayodhya after the marriage to


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Shri Ram, she was given rest for a while under this very banyan tree.

Chanki Garh (West Champaran): Also known as Janaki Garh, this village is situated about 9kms East of Ram Nagar Railway Station. There is a large mound in the eastern part of the village.It is a mass of solid brickwork and is 90 high. It was probably originally a Fort and the remains of

fortification can still be seen. The local tradition asserts that it was a Fort of king Janak.

Valmiki Nagar (West Champaran): This is a village on the Indo Nepal border 42 kms North-West of Bagaha to which it is connected by a metalled road. A barrage has been constructed hereon the Gandak river for the purpose of irrigation. Besides an old Shiva temple constructed by theBettiah Raj, there are also ancient temple of Nara Devi and Gauri Shankar at Valmiki Nagar.There is a Valmiki Ashram, which is said to be the place where Maharshi Valmiki was living. Onthe occasion of Makar Sankranti every year a fair is held on the bank of River Gandak.

Sufi Circuit Top

Maner Sharif (Patna, Maner): It is a large village of historical antiquities, situated in the extremenorth west of Danapur Sub-division, about 32 kms west of Patna on Patna-Arrah Highway. In theearly ages Maner was a centre of learning and it is said that grammarian Panini, and alsoBararuchi, lived and studied here. Maner contains two well-known Mohammedan tombs, that ofShah Daulat or Makhdum Daulat, known as Chhoti Dargah, and the other that of Sheikh YahiaManeri or Makhdum Yahia, called the Bari Dargah. Makhdum Daulat died at Maner in 1608, andIbrahim Khan, Governor of Bihar and one of the saint's disciples completed the erection of hismausoleum in 1616. The building is exceptionally fine one, with walls containing carvings of greatdelicacy and high finish. A great dome crowns it, and the ceiling is covered with carvedinscriptions from the Quran. Every detail of it is characteristic of the architecture of Jehangir'sregion, and it is by far the finest monument of the Mughals in Eastern India. Inside the compound

there is a mosque also built by Ibrahim Khan in 1619, whiles a fine gateway bearing an olderinscription corresponding to 1603-01, and affords access to the north. The tomb of Yahia Manerilies in a mosque walls and ghats, and pillared porticos jutting out into it, which is connected withthe old bed of the River Sone by a tunnel 400-ft long.

Khankah Mujibia (Phulwari Sharif, Patna): Nearly 7 kms from Patna Railway Station,Phulwari Sharif is an important Islamic pilgrimage. It has been always a favorite abode of Sufisaints in various times. Hazrat Pir Muzibullah Quadri was one of those in the 18th Century. TheKhankah Muzibia, founded by him at Phulwari Sharif is called the Bari Khankah. An old Madarsahere has been the most important centre for teaching of Islamic philosophy since its establishment.Sacred hairs of the beard of Paigamber Hazrat Muhammad Saheb are preserved here in Banri

Khankah that attracts throngs of his followers and a big mela is held every year.There is also an archeologically important and worth seeing ancient Sangi Masjid (mosque) builtof red stones at Phulwari Sharif. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Humayun.

Khankah Emadia (Mangal Talab, Patna City, Patna): One of the off-springs in the family ofprominent Sufi Saint Hazrat Pir Muzibullah Quadri had founded another Khankah during 19thcentury near a tank called Mangal Talab that is situated in the Patna City Chowk area. It is calledKhankah Emadia that houses a Madarsa. An Urs is held here annually when throngs of devotees
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assemble and pay their respect to their beloved Sufi Saint.

Dargah Sharif, Mithan Ghat (Patna City, Patna): A beautiful double storied mosque was builtby Mughal Prince Azim on the banks of Ganges at Mittan Ghat, Patna City area that waspreviously called Azimabad during the reign of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. This mosque was

built for Mulla Mittan who was teacher of the Prince. It was the place from where the great SufiSaint Hazrat Makhdum Munnem used to preach his disciples during the 18th Century. The ancientmosque still exists and is popularly known as Dargah Sharif. Every year, after 5 days of "the Eidfestival, an annual Urs Chiraga is held here when devotees assemble at this Dargah Sharif in greatnumbers.

Hajipur Karbala (Vaishali): It was constructed 175 years ago by Shah Alam. It attracts a largecrowd of Muslims throughout the years.

Hasanpura (Siwan): The village is situated about 21 kms South of Siwan on the bank of Dhanairiver. According to tradition, Makhdum Saiyed Hasan Chisti, a saint who came from Arabia to

India and settled here, founded this village. He also founded a Khankah (religious institution) here.The village contains remains of a large mosque and tomb of the Saint, which is visited by bothHindus and Muslims. The grave is a large open court to the west of the village. In front of it is abasalt image of Vishnu but it has been ruthlessly treated. It is regarded as an inauspicious fiendwho has turned into stone by the holy Makdum and must not be raised or placed erect. It containsno inscription but its style shows it to belong to about the seventh century A.D.

Bibi Kamaal Sahiba (Kako, Jehanabad): The village is the headquarters of the block of the samename and is situated on the Jehanabad-Bihar Sharif road, about 10 kms East of Jehanabad railwaytation. According to a local legend, Ram Chandra's stepmother, Rani Kaikeyi of Ayodhya livedhere for sometime and the village took its name after her. The village took its name after her. The

village has also a tomb of Hazrat Bibi Kamaal Sahiba, a great Muslim lady saint. It is said that thislady was the aunt of Hazrat Makhdum Saheb of Bihar Sharif and possessed divine powers.

Bari Dargah (Bihar Sharif, Nalanda): This is headquarters of Nalanda district that lays 30 kmsSouth of Bakhtiarpur on NH-31. This is also a railhead on the Bakhtiarpur Rajgir branch line of theEastern Indian Railway. This town is known as Bihar Sharif, owing to its many Muslim tombs thatstill retain traces of its former importance as a Muslim pilgrimage. There is a hill called Pir Pahari,about 1 m to the northwest of the town. At its summit is the dargah or mausoleum of the SaintMallik Ibrahim Bayu, round which are tem smaller tombs. It is a brick structure surmounted by adome and bears inscriptions showing that the saint died in 1353. Another great dargah is that ofMokhdum Shah Sharif ud-din, also called Makhdum-ul-Mulk, died here in 1379; the inscription

over the entrance shows that his tomb was built in 1569. This tomb, which stands on the southbank of the river, is held in great veneration by the local Mohammedans, who assemble here on the5th day of Sawan to celebrate the anniversary of his death. The Chhoti Dargah is the shrine ofBadruddin Badr-I-Alam, famous saint who died here in 1440.

Chhoti Dargah (Bihar Sharif, Nalanda): Dargah of Makhdum Hazrat Sultan AhmedCharampose, Bihar Sharif (Nalanda).


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The biggest and the oldest building of Mohalla-Amber in the Bihar Sharif Town(Nalanda), is Tomb of Hazarat Makhdum Sultan Saiyad Shah Ahmed Charampose Teg BarhanaRohmatulla Alaib. He was born in the year 1236 and passed away in 1335 (according to Islamiccalendar 657-776 Hizri). He is ranked to a very high order among other Sufi saints and Auliahs.

Thousands and thousand of people participate in the Urs celebrated here in memory ofthe Saint every year.

Gandhi Circuit Top

Motihari (East Champaran): Motihari was to the first laboratory of Gandhian experiment inSatyagraha and probably it will not be very incorrect to say that is has been the spring board forIndias independence. Champaran district generated a wave of enthusiasm and inspiration to thepeople who were thirsting for a selfless and saintly leader. The technique followed by Gandhiji inChamparan was what attained later on the name of Satyagraha.

Hazarimal Dharamshala, Betia (West Champaran): It is at Betiah in the Lal Bazar area. Gandhiand his companions used to camp here and it was the epicenter of his Satyagraha. The State

Govt. has declared this building a protected monument. The Betia Raj Kuteherry and theDharmashala were Mahatama Gandhi stayed are well worth visit.

Bhitharwa Ashram (West Champaran): It is a village in the Bettiah Sub-division underGaunaha Block. This was one of the centre for social work selected by Gandhiji, when he was inChamparan in 1917.

At present there is a Khadi Centre working under direct control of the Bihar KhadiSamiti. There is a Gandhi Ashram where Mahatma Gandhi had stayed during the Indian freedom

straggle.

Brindaba (West Champaran): It is a small village in the Betia sub-division under ChampatiaBlock. It has the Gram Seva Kendra, which had been planned to work out the deals of the GandhiSeva Sangh. The all India Gandhi Seva Sangh held there annual conference at this village in 1937.Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Rajendra Prasad attended it. Gandhiji stayed here in 1939 and started anAshram, which is still functioning.

Shri Rampur (West Champaran): Situated in the Gannaha Block of Bhitiharwa Panchayat.Gandhiji had stayed here on 16th November, 1917.

Koeldih (West Champaran): Under Gaunaha Block in the Belwa Panchayat. Gandhiji had visitedthis place on 16th November, 1917.

Amolwa (West Champaran): Under Gaunaha Block in the Majharia Panchayat, where Gandhijispent a night on the 27th April, 1917 with his other companions.

Murli Bharhawa (West Champaran): It was the native place of Pandit Raj Kumar Shukla whohad been a close associates of Mahatma Gandhi during the Champaran Satyagrah Movement.


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Pandit Shukla took a lead role in bringing Mahatma Gandhi to Champaran.

Sariswa (West Champaran): This place is in Ratanmala Panchayat under Majhaulia Block-Gandhiji and his companions had taken statement of raiyats in a open yard in front of the temple.

Hardiya Kothi (West Champaran): It is under Bishunpur Panchyat of the Nautan Block. It washouse of Mr. G. P. Edward, a British Indigo Planter. Remains of this building are in some whatbetter condition in comparison to other such old buildings.

Sadaquat Ashram (Patna): It is situated in Digha area on Patna Danapur Road and in preindependence days guided the freedom movement in Bihar. It is Associated with the memories ofMahatma Gandhi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Mautana Mazharal Haque and other leaders.

Gandhi Sangrahalay (Patna Museum): Close to the Western end of Gandhi Maidan in Patna.The Gandhi Sangrahalaya houses a large number of items and artifacts related with MahatmaGandhi and his satyagrah movement in Bihar. It also has a vast collection of Gandhian literature

and photographs depicting his life and works. A Charkha (Country made spinning wheel) usedby Mahatma Gandhi is also well preserved in this museum.

Eco Circuit Top

Kakolat (Nawada): It is a waterfall in Gobindpur police-station, about 21 miles away fromNawada. After going 9 miles from Nawada on Ranchi Road, a pucca road known asGobindpurAkbarpore Road diverts from there. Just below the fall there is a deep reservoirnatural in character. The fall is about 150 to 160 feet, from the ground level. The scene ispanoramic due to all-round green forest area, which is very pleasant to the eyes.A legend is prevalent that in Treta Yuga a king named was cursed by a rishi and had to take the

shape of a python and lived here. The place was visited by the great Pandavas during their exileand the accursed king got salvation from the damnation. The king after getting rid of the curseproclaimed that one who would bathe in the waterfall will not take the yoni of snake and that iswhy a large number of people from far and near bathe in the river. A big fair is held on theoccasion of bishua or Chait Shankranti.

Bhimbandh (Munger): It is situated at a distance of 56 km from Munger, 20 km from JamuiRailway Station and 200 km from Patna Airport. Bhimbandh Wild Life Sanctuary is located in thesouth west of Munger District. The forests cover an area or 681.99 sq.km on the hills andundulating tract of Kharagpur Hills.

This forest are located in the famous Kharagpur hill range, south of river Ganga and issurrounded on all sides by non-forestry areas inhabited by dense population. The vegetation ofthese forests is very rich where Sal, Kend, Semal and other trees grow side by side the hilly terrain,protecting from the suns rays the forms and humble creepers which grow below.A host of animals such as Tiger, Leopards, Sloth Bear, Nilgai, Sambhar, Barking deer, Wild Beer,four horned Antelope use to abide by in these forests. In the valley portions and at the foothills areseveral hot springs of which the finest are at Bhimbandh, Sita Kund and Rishi Kund. All the hotsprings maintain nearly same temperature round the year, and seasonal fluctuation of discharge is


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also nominal. Among them the Bhimbandh group of springs have the maximum temperature (52C to 65 C) and discharge (0.84-1.12 cum/sec) and constitute the best area for the exploration ofgeothermal energy potential.

All the thermal springs of sanctuary have a common geological frame. The spouts issue

from the contact of massive guartzites (jointed and crushed) with states and phyllites (KharagpurGroup).

All the springs are situated at topographic lows within the guartziter. The aqueductsformed due to fracturing are long and narrow zones of fissures and broken rocks.There are number of places of tourist interest nearby the Sanctuary like, Rishikund, Ha-Ha PunchKumari, Rameshwar Kund, Kharagpur Lake, Sringrishi etc. There are Tourist lodge and ForestRest House that offer accommodation facilities to tourists in the mid of the forest.

Special Package Tours

Buddhist Circuit (Special Package Tour - 1) Buddhist Circuit (Special Package Tour - 2) Jain Circuit Sikh Circuit

One Day Special Package Tours Special Package Tour for

Sonepur Fair

Buddhist Circuit (Special Package Tour - 1) Top

8 Days 7 Nights Buddhist Circuit Package Tour:

PatnaBodhgaya RajgirVaishali KesariaLumbini -Kushinagar - Sarnath-Patna

Ex-Patna

Day-1- Pick up from Airport/Railway Station. Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Breakfast /Lunch/Dinner, Local Sight Seeing.

Day-2- After Breakfast Departure for Bodh-Gaya, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, Local

Sight Seeing, Free time & Dinner, Night Stay at Bodh-Gaya

Day-3- After Breakfast Departure for Rajgir, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, Local SightSeeing, Free time & Dinner, Night stay at Rajgir.

Day-4- After Breakfast Departure for Muzaffarpur via Vaishali(sight seeing at vaishali) Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, Sight Seeing at Kesharia, Free time & Dinner, Night Stay at
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Muzaffarpur

Day-5- After Breakfast Departure for Lumbini, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, LocalSight Seeing, Free time & Dinner, Night stay at Lumbini.

Day-6- After Breakfast Departure for Kushi Nagar, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch,Local Sight Seeing, Free time & Dinner, Night stay at Kushi Nagar.

Day-7- After Breakfast Departure for Sarnath, Check-in in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, LocalSight Seeing at Sarnath, Free time & Dinner, Night stay at Varanasi/Sarnath.

Day-8- After Breakfast Dept. For Patna Airport/Railway Station.

Package Includes :-

* Pick up & drop from Airport / Rly. Station, * Local Sight Seeing of all the places of TouristInterest.

* Accomodation in twin sharing basis, *Breakfast, Buffet Lunch & Dinner.

Package Days: Every 2nd & 4th Saturday of the Month.

Package Costs:

INR US $

By A/C Deluxe Bus Rs.19,000/Pax $ 487/PaxMinimum 20Persons

By Non A/C Deluxe Bus Rs.17,500/Pax $ 449/PaxMinimum 20Persons

By Toyota Qualis (MPV) Rs.20,500/Pax $ 526/Pax Minimum 4 Persons

By Non A/C Ambassador (Car) Rs.18, 000/Pax $ 462/Pax Minimum 4 Persons

Buddhist Circuit (Special Package Tour - 2) Top

4 Day & 3 Night BUDDHIST CIRCUIT Package Tour

PATNA-VAISHALI-KESHRIA-RAJGIR-BODHGAYA- EX-PATNA

Day-1- Pick up from Airport / Railway Station; Wash & Fresh, Breakfast/ Lunch/ Dinner,Departure for Vaishali, Local Sight Seeing, Departure for Kesaria, Night Stay at Muzaffarpur

Day-2- After Breakfast Departure for Rajgir, Check-in- in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, LocalSight Seeing, Free time & Dinner, Night stay at Rajgir.

Day-3- After Breakfast Departure for Bodhgaya, Check-in in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch,
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Local Sight Seeing, Free Time & Dinner, Night Stay at Bodhgaya.

Day-4- After Breakfast Departure for Bodhgaya/ Patna, Airport/ Railway Station.

Package includes:

* Pick up & drop from Airport / Railway Station* Local Sight Seeing of all the places of Tourist Interest.* Accommodation in twin sharing basis, *Breakfast, Buffet Lunch & Dinner.

Package Days:Every 2nd & 4th Saturday of the Month.

Package costs:

INR US $

By A/C Deluxe Bus Rs.6,500/Pax $ 167/Pax Minimum 20Persons



By Non A/C Ambassador (Car) Rs.6,100/Pax $ 157/Pax Minimum 4 Persons

Jain Circuit Top

Special Package Tour - 8 Days & 7 Nights Jain Circuit Package Tour

PATNAPAWAPURI KUNDALPURRAJGIR GUNAVAJEE LACHHUAR

CHAMPANAGAR PARASNATH (MADHUBAN) EX-PATNA

DAY-1- Pick up from Airport/Railway Station. Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Breakfast /Lunch/Dinner, Local Sight Seeing.

DAY-2- After Breakfast, Departure for Rajgir, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, LocalSight Seeing, Free Time & Dinner, Night Stay at Rajgir.

DAY-3- After Breakfast, Local Sight seeing at Pawapuri, Free Time & dinner, Night Stay at

Rajgir

DAY-4- After Breakfast, Departure for Lachhuar, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch, LocalSight Seeing, Free Time & Dinner, Night Stay at lachhuar.

DAY-5- After Breakfast, Departure for Champa Nagar, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch,Local Sight Seeing, Free Time & Dinner, Night Stay at Champa Nagar.


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DAY-6- After Breakfast, Departure for Madhuban, Check-in Hotel, Wash & Fresh, Lunch,LocalSight Seeing, Free Time & Dinner, Night Stay at Madhuban.

DAY-7- After Breakfast, Departure for Parasnath, Lunch, Local Sight Seeing, Free Time &Dinner, Night Stay at Madhuban.

DAY-8- After Breakfast Dept. for Patna Airport/Railway Station

Package Includes :-

* Pick up & drop from Airport / Rly. Station* Local Sight Seeing of all the places of Tourist Interest.* Accomodation in twin sharing basis, *Breakfast, Buffet Lunch & Dinner.

Package Days:- Every 2nd & 4th Saturday of the Month.

Package Costs:

INR US $

By A/C Deluxe Bus Rs.14,500/Pax $ 372/PaxMinimum 20Persons



By Non A/C Ambassador (Car) Rs.13,600/Pax $ 349/Pax Minimum 4 PersonsSikh Circuit Top

Special Package Tour - 4 Day & 3 Night Sikh Circuit Package Tour

Patna - Akbarpur - Nawada - Vaishali

DAY-1- Pick up from Air Port / Railway Station, Check-in Hotel, wash & fresh, Breakfast,Local Sight Seeing, Harmandir Saheb, Gurudwara Gayaghat, Guru-Ka-Bagh, Guru Handi Saheb(Danapur), Free Time, Dinner & Night Stay at Patna.

DAY-2- After Breakfast Departure for Nawada, Seeing Nanak Shahi Sangat Akbarpur in way.Seeing Kakolat Water Fall, Packet Lunch at Kakolat, Seeing Rajauli Sangat.Check-in Hotel atRajgir, Dinner & Night Stay at Rajgir

DAY-3- After Breakfast Dept. for Patna, Seeing Nalanda in way, Packet Lunch at Nalanda.check-in Hotel, Dinner night Stay at Patna.


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DAY-4- After Breakfast Dept. for Railway Station/Airport.

Package Includes:

* Pick up & drop from Airport / Rly. Station* Local Sight Seeing of all the places of Tourist Interest.

* Accommodation in twin sharing basis, *Breakfast, Buffet Lunch & Dinner.

Package Days:Every 1st & 3rd Saturday of the Month.

Package Costs:

INR US $

By A/C Deluxe Bus Rs.6,500/Pax $ 167/Pax Minimum 20 Persons

By Non A/C Deluxe Bus Rs.5,500/Pax $ 141/Pax Minimum 20 Persons


By Non A/C Ambassador (Car) Rs.6,100/Pax $ 157/Pax Minimum 4 Persons

Note:Rates are subject to change without prior notice.

Hotel Facility

Bihar State Tourism Development provide Hotel facility at Tourist Bungalows at:

1. Patna2. Sonepur3. Nalanda4. Vaishali5. Bodhgaya6. Rajgir7. Muzzafarpur8. Sasaram9. Mohania10.Saharsa11.Purnea12.Singheswar

Asthan(Madhepura)
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13.Buxar14.Valmiki

Nagar

We manage a premier chain of budget hotels in Bihar offered at moderate prices and are wellmaintained. Rooms at Tourist Bungalows/Hotels are also provided for special occasions(Marriage etc.). Halls and Lawns are also provided at a very affordable price.

Patna Top

Nearest Airport: Patna/3KmsNearest Railway Station: Patna/1Kms

Name: Kautilya Vihar, Beer Chand Patel Path, Patna-1.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Economy, Non-AC Deluxe, Dormitory

Facilities: Restaurant, CTV, Bar, AC Conference Hall, Coach/Car Parking, Transport, Tours andTravel Counter.Phone: 0612-2225411, 2210219, 2210242Fax: 0612-2236218.

Sonepur Top

Nearest Airport: Patna/25KmsNearest Railway Station: Patna/25Kms /Hajipur/1km

Name: Tourist Rest House(Typical Swiss Type Cottage during fair)

Types of Rooms: Dormitory Beds. Cottage during Sonepur Fair onlyFacilities: Transport, Tours and Travel Counter

Nalanda Top

Nearest Airport: Patna/110KmsNearest Railway Station: Rajgir/1Km
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Name: Gautam Vihar, Nalanda-803 152.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Deluxe Room, Dormitory Beds.Facilities: Restaurant, CTV, Conference Hall, Coach/Car Parking, LaundryTelephone: 06112-255273

Vaishali Top

Nearest Airport: Patna/70KmNearest Railway Station: Muzaffarpur/40Kms/Hajipur/5km

Name: Ambapali Vihar, Vaishali-844 128.Types of Rooms: Room(Dbl.), Room(Sing.), Dormitory Beds.Facilities: Restaurant, Coach/Car Parking. Phone 06225-285425.

Name: Youth HostelTypes of Rooms: Room(Dbl.), Room(Sing.), Dormitory Beds.

Facilities: Restaurant, Coach/Car Parking

Bodhgaya Top

Nearest Airport: Bodhgaya/ 7 Kms/Patna/90kmNearest Railway Station: Gaya/17Kms

Name: Siddharth Vihar, Bodhgaya, Gaya-824 231.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Non-AC RoomsFacilities: Restaurant, CTV, Conference Hall, Coach/Car Parking, Tourist InformationOffice, Transport, Tours and Travel Counter.

Telephone: 0631-2200445, 2200127

Name: Buddha Vihar, Bodhgaya, Gaya-824 231.Types of Rooms: Dormitory BedsFacilities: Restaurant, Coach/Car Parking.Telephone: 0631-2200445, 2200127

Rajgir Top

Nearest Airport: Patna/114 KmsNearest Railway Station: Rajgir/3Kms

Name: Tathagat Vihar, Rajgir.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Economy, Deluxe Room.Facilities: Restaurant, CTV, Conference Hall, Coach/Car ParkingTelephone: 06112-255176.

Name: Ajatshatru Vihar, Rajgir-803 152.
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Types of Rooms: Dormitory BedsFacilities: Restaurant, CTV, Conference Hall, Coach/Car ParkingTelephone: 06112-255027.

Name: Gautam Vihar, Rajgir-803 152.

Types of Rooms: AC Room, Economy, Deluxe RoomFacilities: Restaurant, CTV, Conference Hall, Coach/Car ParkingTelephone: 06112-255273

Muzzafarpur Top

Nearest Airport: Patna/80Kms.Nearest Railway Station: Muzaffarpur/1km.

Name: Lichchavi Vihar, Muzaffarpur-842001.Types of Rooms: AC Rooms, Economy Rooms

Facilities: Restaurant, CTV, Coach/Car ParkingPhone: 0621-2228512

Sasaram Top

Nearest Airport: Patna/152Km/Bodhgaya/40kmNearest Railway Station: Sasaram/1km

Name: Shershah Vihar, Sasaram-821 152.Types of Rooms: AC Room/Deluxe Room/Economy Room/Dormitory BedsFacilities: Restaurant, Coach/Car Parking, CTV

Telephone: 06184-221267

Mohania Top

Nearest Railway Station: Bhabhua Road/1KmNearest Airport: Patna/190Km /Bodhgaya/60km

Name: Kaimur Vihar, NH-2, Mohania.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Non-AC RoomFacilities: Restaurant, Coach/Car Parking, CTV.

Telephone: 06187-222822

Saharsa Top

Nearest Railway Station: Saharsa/2KmNearest Airport: Patna/280Km
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Name: Hotel Koshi Vihar - Matasyagandha, Saharsa.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Non-AC RoomFacilities: Restaurant, Coach/Car Parking, CTV, Hot & Cold Water.

Telephone: 06478-22478.

Purnea Top

Nearest Railway Station: Purnea/1KmNearest Airport: Patna/320Km

Name: Hotel Renu Vihar, Vikash Bazar, Purnea.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Non-AC RoomFacilities: Restaurant, Coach/Car Parking, CTV, Hot & Cold Water.

Singheshwar Asthan (Madhepura) Top

Nearest Railway Station: Madhepura/7KmNearest Airport: Patna/300Km

Name: Hotel Singheshwar Vihar, Singheshwar Asthan, Madhepura.Types of Rooms: Non-AC & Dormitory.Facilities: Coach/Car Parking, All Basic Amenities..

Buxar Top

Nearest Railway Station: Buxar/3 Km

Nearest Airport: Patna/125Km

Name: Hotel Vishwamitra Vihar, Near Ganga Bridge, Buxar.Types of Rooms: AC Room, Non-AC Room, Conference Hall.Facilities: Coach/Car Parking, CTV, Hot & Cold Water, Conference Hall, Shopping Arcade.

Telephone: 06183-222802

Valmiki Nagar Top

Nearest Railway Station: Valmiki Nagar Road/10Km

Nearest Airport: Patna/260Km

Name: Hotel Valmiki Vihar, Valmiki Nagar, West Champaran.Types of Rooms: Non-AC Double Room.Facilities: Coach/Car Parking.

Telephone: 06251-256504.
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Transport Services

Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation provides Tourist Coach and Taxis for local Siteseeing as well as outstation sites. Corporation also operates some buses on daily basis on certainroutes. Corporation has its own fleet of several Buses, Cars, Vans etc. which can be given on

hired basis at a very moderate rate.

1. Tourist Taxi Tariff (Local Booking)2. Tourist Coach Tariff3. Out Station Booking4. Pre-Paid Taxi Tariff5. Daily Bus Service6. Conducted Tour

Tourist Taxi Tariff (Local Booking) Top

Transfers

Car Type

Half Day

(35 km/4 hr)

Full day-A

(60km/8 hr)

Full day-B

(75km/12 hr)

Non-ACAmbassdor

375.00 675.00 900.00

Maruti 800 375.00 675.00 900.00

AC-Ambassdor 575.00 875.00 1150.00

Qualis AC - Delux/Scorpio/Tavera/Safari 750.00 1400.00 1725.00

Qualis AC 700.00 1300.00 1675.00

Sumo Non A/C 400.00 725.00 1050.00

Esteem/logen/Indigo 700.00 1300.00 1700.00

Indica A/C 515.00 785.00 1025.00

Alto A/C 515.00 785.00 1025.00

Innova 1000.00 1600.00 2000.00

Winger 1200.00 1800.00 2400.00

Tourist Coach Tariff Top

TransfersBus Type

Half Day(35 km/4 hr)

Full day (60km/8hr) Full day (75km/12hr)

Mini-Bus 1350.00 2150.00 2850.00

Deluxe-Bus 1600.00 2500.00 3400.00

Hi-Tech Bus 1850.00 2850.00 3900.00

Volvo ....... ......... 12000.00

Out Station Booking Top
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Vehicle Basic Rate(Rs.)/Kms Night Halt(Rs.)Minimum

Chargeable(Km)

Non-AC Ambassador 6.50 150.00 200

AC-Ambassador 9.50 150.00 200

Sumo 9.50 250.00 200

Qualis ACDelux/Scorpio/Tavera/Safari

11.50 250.00 200

Innova 14.00 250.00 200

Indica AC 8.50 150.00 200

Alto AC 8.50 150.00 200

Maruti Van 6.50 150.00 200

Winger 16.00 250.00 200

Esteem/Logen/Indigo 11.00 250.00 200

Mini Bus 16.00 250.00 200

Deluxe Bus 25.00 350.00 200

Hi-Tech Bus 25.00 400.00 200

A.C Deluxe Bus 35.00 500.00 250

Volvo Bus 65.00 500.00 300

Pre-Paid Taxi Tariff Top

Destination

(Rate in INR)

Non-ACAmbassador

AC Qualis /Esteem /Contessa

Tata Sumo /AC Ambassador /

Indica / Alto

Airport to Kautilya Vihar Tourist Bungalow 150.00 315.00 265.00

Airport to Maurya Hotel 200.00 315.00 265.00

Airport to Any hotel on Fraser Road 200.00 315.00 265.00

Airport to Any hotel on Exhibition Road 200.00 315.00 265.00

Airport to Any hotel on Boring Road 200.00 315.00 265.00

Airport to Sri Krishna Nagar 200.00 315.00 265.00

Airport to Sri Krishna Puri 200.00 315.00 265.00Airport to Patliputra Colony 300.00 420.00 350.00

Airport to Kankarbagh 300.00 420.00 350.00

Airport to Rajendra Nagar 300.00 420.00 350.00

Airport to Kadamkuan 300.00 420.00 350.00

Airport to Patna City 450.00 735.00 500.00
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Airport to Danapur 450.00 735.00 500.00

Airport to Maner 700.00 1365.00 750.00

Airport to Hajipur (Railway Station) 700.00 1365.00 750.00

Daily Bus Service Top

Daily Bus Services Departure Time(IST) Fare (Rs.)

patna to purnia 8:30 p.m. 400.00

Purnia to Patna 8:30 p.m. 400.00

Patna to Bodhgaya 7:00 a.m. 60.00

Patna to Bodhgaya 2:00 p.m. 60.00

Bodhgaya to Patna 7:00 a.m. 60.00

Bodhgaya to Patna 2:00 p.m. 60.00

Patna to Ranchi (VOLVO Bus) 9:00 pm 500.00

Patna to Ranchi (Hi-Tech) 8:00 p.m. 200.00

Ranchi to Patna (Hi-Tech) 8:00 p.m. 200.00

Patna to Mundeshwari 10:45 p.m. 125.00

Mundeshwari to Patna 5:20 a.m. 125.00

Conducted Tour Top

Tourist Places Rate(Rs.)

Patna - Pawapuri - Rajgir - Patna One Day 300.00

Patna - Gaya - Bodh Gaya - Patna One Day 300.00

Patna - Vaishali - Patna One Day 200.00

Optional Baggage Insurance @ Rs.10.00 per Rs. 5000.00 is available for Patna - Ranchi,Ranchi - Patna Night Service

NB: 10.3% (WITH 60% ABATMENT) SERVICE TAX EXTRA.Terms and Conditions

1. All Charges are Garage to Garage2. Booking will be confirmed against full estimated advance.3. For hill station trips milege covered on the hill shall be charged 20% extra of the basicrate.4. For interstate booking , passenger tax, Permit Fee, tall Tax,Road tax will be charged extra

as applicable.5. Rates are subject to change without Prior notice.6. No decoration shall be allowed.7. Cancellation charged will be levied as per the rules of corporation.8. Light vehicle hired for marriage shall be charged double the rate of local package.
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Contessa/ Sumo/Esteem car hired for marriage purpose shall be charged Rs. 2200.00/- 4Hrs, 60 Kms. Any extra km or time shall be charged extra as regular tariff.

CANCELLATION RULES.

1. Tickets refundable except when the trip is cancelled as per corporation rule.2. Passengers are requested to re-checkup from office 24 hours before departure of coach.3. Kindly arrive at the office of B.S.T.D.C. 15 minute before the departure of coach.4. The ticket is issued /Cancelled or extended subject to the terms and conditions of

B.S.T.D.C rules.5. Ticket will be extended only once before 48 hrs. of departure of Bus.6. Extended Ticket will not be refunded or extended again.7. Deduction will be made as following.

A. 20% of Tariff before 48 hrs. of departure.B. 25% of Tariff before 24 hrs. of departure.C. 50% of Tariff before 2hrs. of departure.D. No refund within 2 Hrs. of Departure.

Major Industries/Crops/Minerals Top

Industries: Sponge Iron,, Oil Refinery, Forging, Fertilisers, Jelly Filled Commu nication Cables,Watch Factory, Fruit Processing, Bulk Drugs.

Crops: Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Pulses, Sugarcane, Potatoes, Tobacco, Oilseeds, Onion, Chilies,Jute, Mesta.

Commerce & Industry Top

The principal commercial products of Bihar are:

Crops - rice, wheat, lentils, maize (corn), sugar cane.

Fruits - mangoes, bananas, jack-fruit, and litchis.

Fibers - silk (particularly from the Bhagalpur region in the East, producers of a distinct quality ofsilk, namely, tussar or tussah); and jute, transported to factories located mostly near Calcutta foreasy export of the finished material.

Forest Products - hard wood timber, saal and sakhua from the north; also cane for weaving,
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particularly from the swamps in West Champaran district of North Bihar.

North Bihar, a rich agricultural area, has many industries associated with agricultural products.There are numerous sugar factories scattered throughout the area. Many rice and edible oilmillsalso dot the landscape. It also has some sundry, but important, manufacturing plants, for example

the Button Factory at Mehsi (East Champaran0, and the old and renowned rail wagonmanufacturing plant, the Arthur Butler & Co, at Muzaffarpur. Immediately after independencehowever, a major industrial complex grew around Barauni. The industrial plants located thereare: the Fertilizer Factory, the Oil (petroleum) Refinery Plant, and theThermal Power Station. Recently, a Thermal Power Plant has also begun operation at Kanti, inthe Muzaffarpur district along its border with East Champaran.

Regarding commerce and North Bihar, mention must be made of the gigantic annual cattle fair atSonpur in the Saran district, close to the confluence of the Gandak and Ganges rivers. The fair isheld around the religious festival of Kartik Purnima - full moon in the month of Kartik in theHindu lunar calendar (corresponding to some time in Oct-Dec in the Gregorian calendar), which

marks the end of the holy month of Kartik. Kartik Purnima in 1998 falls on Nov 4. This fair isreputed to be one of the world's largest such fair, where not just cattle but also exotic animals andhorses and elephants are traded in large number. It attracts a large number of tourists from manycountries. The Government of Bihar, through their Department of Tourism, provide manyamenities for their boarding and lodging.

Investment Opportunities

Bihar is fact becoming the most desired place for making investments. It is the single mostimportant source of minerals like coal, iron ore and bauxite in India. Due to fertile soil base,large variety of agricultural commodities are produced, such as paddy, wheat, lentils, sugarcane,jute, etc. However, large and small business houses exists in the area of mining and extraction,textiles, sugar mills, rice mills, oil refineries, cement, steel, fertilizers, automobiles andengineering products. There is also availability of skilled and educated workforce. Besides, avast potential exists in the tourism sector.

Agriculture

The people of Bihar are largely dependent on agriculture and allied activities for earning theirlivelihood. Due to flow of several rivers and streams, the land is most fertile over here. Bihar hasa total geographical area of about 93.60 lakh hectare, out of which only 56.03 lakh hectare is thenet cultivated area and gross cultivated area being 79.46 lakh hectare. About 33.51 lakh hectarenet area and 43.86 lakh hectare gross area receive irrigation from different sources. Principalfood crops are paddy, wheat, maize and pulses. Main cash crops are sugarcane, potato, tobacco,
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oilseeds, onion, chillies, jute and roselle. Industries based on agricultural products like sugarmills, edible oil mills, spices and other agro based industries have a good demand and exportpotential. Besides, Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 sq km, which is 7.1 per cent of itsgeographical area.

Bihar is the leading State in the production of fruits and vegetables. It is the first largest producerof vegetables and second largest producer of fruits in the country. There exists huge scope ofinvestment in the food-processing sector in the State. Private sector participation is beingencouraged in packaging and food processing sectors to ensure better quality. Also, the Statewelcomes private investment for comprehensive development of tea industry and capital subsidyis available for setting up tea processing units.

Sugar Industry

Sugar industry is the largest agro-based industry in Bihar. This industry generates sizeableemployment in the farm sector directly as well as through ancillary industries and related

activities. It is estimated that about five lakh farmers and their dependents are engaged in thecultivation of sugarcane and approximately another half a lakh unskilled and skilled personnel,including highly qualified and trained technologists are engaged in the sugar industry in theState. Investment opportunities in sugar and allied industries in Bihar:-

Green field sugar mills Capacity expansion of existing sugar mills Ethanol manufacture Manufacturing of Molasses based alcohol and commercial spirit Cogeneration of power Manufacture of bagasse- based paper

Press- mud based organic manure Engineering units related to sugar industry Manufacture of sugar- based confectionery items

Textiles

Textile sector offers huge potential to the investors. The State has strong weaving traditions. Thetotal number of weavers in the State is over 90,000. The major locations for the textile industryare Bhagalpur, Gaya, Nalanda, Darbhanga, Madhubani, Siwan and Patna. Bihar is the country'ssecond State after West Bengal in jute production and jute textiles. Due to availability of rawjute, cheap labour, sufficient power, water and transportation in northern part of Bihar, some jutemills are located in this region. Jute mills are located in Karbisganj in Purnia district, Katibar,Muktapur in Samstipur district.

Other Industries

Major Industries in the State are:- Railway Wagon Plants of Bharat Wagon Limited atMuzaffarpur and Mokamah; Oil Refinery of Indian Oil Corporation at Barauni; FertilizerManufacturing Plant of Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HPCL) at Barauni and Pyrites


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Phosphates and Chemicals Limited (PPCL) at Amjhor; Cotton Spinning Mills at Siwan, Pandaul,Bhagalpur, Mokamah and Gaya; 13 sugar mills in private sector and 15 in the public sectorlocated in south and north Bihar with a total crushing capacity of 45,000 TPD. In addition,distilleries at Gopalganj, West Champaran, Bhagalpur and Riga (in Sitamarhi district); finishedLeather Industry in West Champaran, Muzaffarpur and Barauni; medicine manufacturing unit at

Hajipur; food processing units as also Vanaspati Manufacturing Units at Aurangabad and Patna;besides Kalyanpur Cement Limited at Banjari, are notable in the industrial map of Bihar.

Tourism

In Bihar, tourism is increasingly becoming an important industry. Rich farmlands and lushorchards are spread throughout the State. Important places of tourist interest are:- Rajgir,Nalanda, Vaishali, Pawapuri (where Lord Mahavira breathed his last and attained Nirvana ),Bodh Gaya, Vikramshila (ruins of Buddhist University of higher learning), Gaya, Patna (ancientcity of Patliputra), Sasaram (tomb of Shershah Suri) and Madhubani (known for famousMadhubani Paintings).

Agriculture in Bihar Posted byRohinion August 26, 2009 at 1:33pm inBihar Agriculture View Discussions
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Bihar, with its bountiful natural resources of fertile soil, abundant water, varied climate and richcultural and historical heritage is one of the most fascinating states of India. The farmers areintelligent and hard working. Therefore agriculture has been described as the core competence ofBihar by the Honble President of India.

Agriculture is the vital source of wealth in Bihar. 76% of its population is engaged in agriculturalpursuits. Bihars productive contribution in food grain, fruit, vegetables, spices and flowers can

increase manifold with improved methods and system management.

Bihar has a total geographical area of about 93.60 lakh hectare, out of which only 56.03 lakhhectare is the net cultivated area and gross cultivated area being 79.46 lakh hectare. About 33.51lakh hectare net area and 43.86 lakh hectare gross area receive irrigation from different sources.Principal food crops are paddy, wheat, maize and pulses. Main cash crops are sugarcane, potato,tobacco, oilseeds, onion, chillies and jute and. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 sq km,which is 7.1 per cent of its geographical area.

Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country (between 83-30' to 88-00' longitude). It is anentirely landlocked state, although the outlet to the sea through the port of Kolkata is not faraway. Bihar lies mid-way between the humid West Bengal in the east and the sub humid UttarPradesh in the west which provides it with a transitional position in respect of climate, economy

and culture. It is bounded by Nepal in the north and by Jharkhand in the south. The Bihar plain isdivided into two unequal halves by the river Ganga which flows through the middle from west toeast.

Bihar with a geographical area of about 94.2 thousand square km is divided by river Ganges intotwo parts, the north Bihar with an area of 53.3 thousand square km and the south Bihar having anarea of 40.9 thousand square km. Based on soil characterization, rainfall, temperature and terrain,four main agro-climatic zones in Bihar have been identified. These are: Zone-I, North Alluvial
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Plain, Zone-II, north East Alluvial Plain, Zone-III A South East Alluvial Plain and Zone-III B,South West Alluvial Plain, each with its own unique prospects.

The principal agricultural crops are rice, paddy, wheat, jute, maize and oil seeds. Cauliflower,cabbage, tomato, radish, carrot, beat etc. are some of the vegetables grown in the state.

Sugarcane, potato and barley are some of the non-cereal crops grown. The entire agriculturaloperations is divided into two crop seasons Kharif and Rabi. The Kharif season starts from thethird week of May and lasts till the end of October followed by the Rabi season.

Though endowed with good soil, adequate rainfall and good ground water availability Bihar hasnot get realized its full agricultural potential. Its agricultural productivity is one of the lowest inthe country, leading to rural poverty, low nutrition and migration of labour. This road map isaimed to trigger processes of development in agriculture and allied sector.

The state is endowed with rich biodiversity. Agriculture provides ample supply of raw materialsfor the establishment of Agro based industries. Bihar is the third largest producer of vegetables

and fourth largest producer of fruits in the country. It is the largest producer of Litchi, Makhana,Guava, Ladys finger in India. The state already exports Litchi, Basmati rice and snow pea. It hascompetitiveness in maize, rice and fruit such as banana, mango, litchi and vegetables like onions,tomato, potato and brinjal. High, stable and regular supply of agricultural produce providesadequate opportunity for marketing and food processing industries.

Farmers willingness to accept modern cultivation technologies and contract farming practices

provide encouraging trends for investment in Agriculture sector. Necessary legislative changes topromote contract farming and private investment in marketing are being undertaken. Agriculturalgrowth in the state is supported by institutional infrastructure ofRajendra AgriculturalUniversity, Pusa (Samastipur) and its network of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR eastern zone

complex at Patna, National Research Centres for Litchi, Makhana and Pan. Small Farmers Agri-business Consortium (SFAC) and Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) areothers institutions supporting Agricultural growth in the State. Public sector Agriculturalextension system is creating enabling ground for PublicPrivate partnership for rapidAgricultural growth in the state.

Agri-clinics will be encouraged to carry standard seeds, fertilizers, agricultural information to thefarmers. They will be the carrier of the public programs to the farmers. Extension system willforge relationship with agri-clinics for creating synergy of the extension efforts. The expertservices of the agri-clinics will be gainfully utilized in conducting training/demonstration andtheir services will be treated at par with the services of agriculture scientists. To make theprogram of agri-clinics viable for the banking sector and to make them more attractive foragriculture graduates convergence of all programs will be created there. They will get preferencein allocation of seed/fertilizer shops, outsourcing of block level soil labs, etc.

Krishi Vigyan Kendras will continue to receive prime attention in view of their utility as centreof excellence in spreading agricultural knowledge to the rural masses. They will also beencouraged to cater to post harvest handling of the agricultural products and developentrepreneurial skill among the rural youth. The KVKs will function in FIVE MISSION
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MODE, viz. on honey bee, seed production including seed villages, conservation agriculture,integrated farming and vermi-compost.

Extension reforms will receive attention through Agriculture Technology Management Agency.ATMA will be established in all the districts of Bihar. The objective of convergence, farming

system, group extension approach and increased use of ICT in agricultural extension will bepursued. Sustainability of the agriculture extension will also be explored. Public-privatepartnership in agriculture extension will be encouraged. Effort will be made to bring everyfarmer into the ambit of agriculture technology training in 5-year period.

The strategy will be to reach information, technology and services to the farmers in the quickestpossible time. The emphasis of ICT will be more on developing application software andproviding useful services to the farmers in the villages. Farmer useful services will be integratedwith information and non-agricultural services and emphasis will be laid on one point solution tothe farmers problems.

Use of quality Seed. Seed is the most critical input in modern agriculture. It is the carrier of themodern technology. There is an apparent need to step up investment in both public & privatesector .The prevailing seed replacement rate which is less than 10% in case of rice and wheatcannot sustain higher productivity growth rate. Therefore the objective of the seed productionprogramme involve increase the seed replacement rate, promotion of hybrid seeds and cropvarieties, which are new and adapted to the agro-climatic conditions of the state. Seed productionon Government farms will be revived. Bihar Rajya Beej Nigam will be encouraged to undertakeseed multiplication for recently released public sector varieties to make them timely available tothe farmers at reasonable cost. Pusa Seed Society will be encouraged to improve supply ofquality seed to the farmers. While the seed production under public sector will be revived, seedproduction through farmers direct participation under seed-village program will be the corner

stone of the strategy during 11th plan. Bihar Rajya Beej Nigam and Pusa Seed Society will beencouraged to buy-back seeds produced under seed village and provide processing & marketingsupport. Private seed companies will be encouraged to ensure availability of latest technology tothe farmers and also to ensure fair competition with public sector seed companies for the benefitof the farmers.

Marketing and Processing. Any target for production can be achieved only if the farmers getproper price for their produce. Hence the success of this agriculture development strategy isdependent upon taking appropriate measures in the fields of marketing and processing.Agriculture marketing has been in the public domain with explicit limitations. Therefore theAgriculture produce market committee act has been abolished. Private sector and cooperativesector will be encouraged to establish market, enter into buy-back arrangement and purchasedirectly from the farmers. Contract farming will be encouraged, particularly for fruits andvegetables. The expansion of market facilities and better realization to the farmers will be thecore of the market reforms. Farmers will be organized along the enterprises to establish economyof scale and to act as collective voice to safeguard their interest. This will include excursions intoprocessing and marketing centres of excellence in the country, formation of farmer interest groupand federating them at the various levels. Co-operative marketing shall be encouraged in the areaof fruits and vegetables on lines of milk or dairy. Efforts will be made to make farmers aware of
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the market demand of the agricultural commodities Extension will be made market oriented andefforts shall be made to make crop planning market oriented. Agriculture market informationregarding price, arrival will be widely disseminated. Market yards and rural hats will be let tofarmer groups for organized marketing in the state. Private sector participation in thedevelopment of modern and specialty market will be encouraged. Terminal market will be

established in strategic locations.

Risk management. Agriculture is prone to natural disasters, particularly flood in north Biharand drought in south Bihar. Risk of natural disasters will be minimized through use ofappropriate crop technology and extending crop insurance to all farmers. Insurance cover will beextended to horticultural and cash crops. Seed bank will be maintained to quickly restore supplyof seed material. Human resource will be developed to quickly react and restore normalcy in caseof a natural disaster.

Seasons : Cold weather season (December to February), Hot weather season (March to May),Southwest monsoon (June to September) and Retreating southwest monsoon - October to

November.

Soil : There are three major types of soil in Bihar i.e. Piedmont Swamp Soil - found innorthwestern part of West Champaran district. Terai Soil - found in northern part of the statealong the border of Nepal. Gangetic Alluvium - the plain of Bihar is covered by gangeticalluvium (both new as well as old).

Fertile Land : The topography of Bihar can be easily described as a fertile alluvial plainoccupying the Gangetic Valley. The plain extends from the foothills of the Himalayas in thenorth to a few miles south of the river Ganges as it flows through the State from the west to theeast. Rich farmland and lush orchards extend throughout the state. Following are the major

crops: Paddy, Wheat, Lentils, Sugarcane, Jute (hemp, related to the marijuana plant, but a sourceof tough fibers and "gunny bags"). Also, cane grows wild in the marshes of West Champaran.The principal fruits are: Mangoes, Banana, Guava and Litchis. This is one the very few areasoutside China which produces litchi.
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Tourism Policy of Bihar State Tourism Policy

Rich in its historical traditions and ancient splendor, the culturally rich Bihar has derived itsname from "Vihar". It was called the land of "Viharas" for its having a good number ofrecreational sites where people enjoyed activities in serene surroundings by the side of ponds andlakes. Endowed with a rich cultural and religious heritage, Bihar was a seat of power of the vastand powerful Magadh Empire, whose might had checked further onslaught of Alexander theGreat. Bihar was cradle of civilization and nerve centre of religious activities of Hindu, Boudh,Jain, Sikh and Islam.
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It has seen rise and fall of prosperous empires. This is a land of ancient universities of Nalandaand Vikramshila, the seat of higher learning, which spread knowledge far and wide through itsstudents coming from different countries of the world.

In this backdrop, Bihar has much to offer and showcase for promotion and development oftourism. The remnants of the two ancient universities, Nalanda and Vikramshila, the antiquesand artifacts forming a treasure trove of Bihar's ancient heritage are already attracting tourists.

Bihar promises development of tourism to its optimum level. It has the sacred Ganga river as itslifeline and a huge water mass in form of many rivers and rivulets in North Bihar, the Gandak,Kosi and many more and the vitally important Son river which forms the lifeline in South Bihar.Bihar is surrounded by West Bengal in the East, Jharkhand in the South, Uttar Pradesh in theWest and it has the international boundary in the North with Nepal.

Bihar was a seat of power of the magnificent Magadh Empire from 6th and 5th century BC when

its great ruler, Ajatshatru, reined from its capital at Rajgriha (modern Rajgir). Later, in the Fourthcentury BC the Mauryan ruler and great warrior Emperor Ashoka wielded a vastly extendedMagadh empire from its capital Pataliputra, the modern Patna. Ashoka turned to Buddhism andhad woven well the unity and peace in a sublime thread of love, piety, harmony and sacrifice.Ashoka's edicts and pillars across Bihar and other parts of the country are the living examples ofBihar's rich cultural traditions and credentials attracting tourists including scores of Buddhistsfrom across the world.

The great Gupta Empire of Magadh kingdom reined by the Gupta rulers from ancient Pataliputrahad enriched art and culture heritage of the country in the 4th and 5th Century AD. The Palrulers ruled here till 1197 AD. Bihar also mattered in the reins of the Muslim rulers from 12th to17th centuries. A soil rich with cerebral power of fearless Biharis had much to offer in freedomstruggle against British colonial rule. It even figured in the world politics of struggle againstcolonial powers when Mahatma Gandhi on his return from South Africa experimented Satyagrahfirst time in Champaran, which is famous as the karmabhoomi of Bapu against the exploitative

Neel (Indigo) farmers of British origin. It has also the Ashokas installed pillar with Lioncapital that has braved more than two millennia raising its head in all its splendors.

With its rich heritage of antiques, artifacts, historical facts and figures going into its favour,Bihar is a blend of beautiful and bountiful nature, natural resources, the vital sparkling purewater, important archaeological finds, and rich culture. It has been attracting domestic andforeign tourists from the ancient times. The Travelogues of the Chinese travelers Huen Tsangand Fa-Hien describe historical splendor of Bihar which offers much to tourists irrespective oftheir age and class.

Herein, lies the history of the young prince of Nepal, Siddharth, transforming into Lord Buddhaby getting enlightenment through sheer penance at Bodh Gaya under the sacred Bodhi

Documents

A Profile of Bihar