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2
..
,
, 2011
(), ,
.
, 2011
3
550.3 ..
. .: 2011. 157 .: .6, . 5.
ISBN 5201119034
, . . , , . (), , , . , , . . .
Dark Energy and Matter in the Universe. Our universe is formed by two main components like vacuum environment and a matter
having a mass. Environment and a matter make unity and can not exist separately. It does not contradict Maxwell formulas determining propagation of an electromagnetic wave, only under condition of the account of existence of the environment of matter existence: vacuum, an ether. It also has found the account of existence of an environment as an inhabitancy of a matter has a nature of gravitationinertia, magnetism, electromagnetic waves, dualism of particles. The inhabitancy of substance has complex structure from the massless charges and quantum of magnetic flounce that has the direct relation to magnetism, formation of mass of a matter. On the basis of power parities at transformation of photons into pairs substance antisubstance structural basic elements of a vacuum ether are determined. Confirmation of this new physical paradigm is made by the experiment data.
ISBN 5201119034 .., 2011
4
. 3 . . . 5 . . 5 7 I. 1. I 8 2. 8 3. 19 II. . 1. II 23 2. 23 3. 24 4. () 29 5. () 30 6. 33 III. . 1. III 34 2. . 34 3. 35 4. 39 5. 42 6. 45 7. 50 IV. , 1. IV 51 2. 52 3. 53 4. 56 5. 60 6. 63 7. 67 8. 69 9. 70 10. 70 11. 73 12. 74 13. 76 14. 76 15. 77 16. 80
5
17. 81 18. 82 84 85
. . - , ..
: , . - 1,022 . , . , 2mcE = , , E m. , , , , : , . . , . , , . , . , , , , . , , , . , .
. .
.. , . .. , , , ,
6
, 500 .
- .. , , , . , , , . , . ? : , . , , , . , , . , . , , . . ( ), , () , .. . (.: .. , .. . // ., , 2007, 331 .), , , . ,
- 1,022 . , . , . 2mcE =
, m . , , . . . - , .
. . , .
, , , . , . .
7
. (!) , , . , , .
1953 . , , , . , , 96%. , 55 . - . , . . . . , , . ! , . , . , (). , . ? , . . ? . , . , . . . . . 2007 . : , , , , , , . . , 1933 . . ,
8
. , ! - , . , . , . . . , , : (+) (). , , . . , , , , . , , 1933 . . , , .
I.
1. I
. (2-3 ) (15 ) . , . ( ). 19 , , , . , , . , - . . ( , ). (+) (-) .
2.
9
. , (IIIII.) . (14781543). ( ) . : ( ) , . , . , : . , , . ? , : . : , . . , , , . , , , , , , .. , . , , , . . . (18421919) (18771946) : 22 /2 ckTr = . . , , . , , , . , , kT/2, k=1,3804410-23 / , . (18581947), , , . , . :
)]1(/[2 23 = kTh
ecr
. , , , , , -. 1900 . . . . ? , , (), . h XX . . , . ,
10
? : , . , ( , -) , . , . . , , XIXXX . - , , , . , ! , , . , . . , (medium). , . - . , , . , (+) () . , . . . . , , , (). . , , . . , , , . , . . ( , ). ! . , - . , . . . ( ). , , , ,
11
W, Z , . . . . () . (). , . . , . , , ? , . , , , ? . , , , , , , , . , , ( , , !). , (), , . . . . . ( !) . , , . . . (ad hoc) . . , . , , . . , . . , () .
12
, . . ( ) , . , , , . . : , , , , .. . . , , , , , . . , : , , . . , , . . , . , , , , . , . , , . : , , . . .
. fc
=
: c=const , f=const. , . , . . , , . , , .
13
, 2005 100- , , , . (345 ), ( 1363 ). . , , 61,8% 38,2% . : 86,2% 13,8% . , : 50,1% 49,9% , : 60,9% 39,1% . , , , : , , , , , , , . 1950 : , , . , .... 1955 : , . , -, , ( ). , , . , . , . , , . : . 1966 ... : , , ... ... , , , . . - . . .
14
. , , , . , , , . 100 . : 1) ; 2) , ( ); 3) ; 4) . ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) ; 10) . 11) , . , . . , . , , . , , , . : . , . . , , , . . , , . , , . ,
15
(space+time). , . . : ...light is always propagated in empty space with a definite velocity [c] which is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body. () , . , . , . , , , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . ? , . , , . , (+) () 7,8489811041 , , . , , , . , , . , . (+) () , . . , , . () . , (), . , , , .
16
, () . , ( , . ). . , , . , , , , . , , . , , . , , . , . , . . , , . , . , , , 2,484.1020 . , , , . . . : . , . , . , , , . , , . , . , . , , 96% . 4% . , .
17
: - , . (, , , , ..) . , , . , . . , . , 30 , . , . , , , , . . . , . , , . , . , , , . , ( , ) , . . . , , , . . , , , . : ) , , ; ) , - ; ) ( ). , (110 ); ) ; () . . , , 1,61013 ,
18
10+31 , 10+15 ! . . 2000 . , , , . . , , . . , , . , , , . , , . . . , , , , , . ? ! XIX . , , 1932 . () :
m=9,10938188(72)10-31,
e =1,602176462(63)10-19
: , .., . , , . : ? , 10- . , ? , , 21- . ? , , , , , . , , , , . ,
19
. . , , () . : , , .., . , ! , , , , , , , . : . : , . , , . . , . 30 . 15 . , . , . .
3. , , :
. . : (18681951), (18871961), (19001976), (19021984), (1879-1955), (19181988). . , , . , . space+time . . , .
20
, , , . , , ( , , ). . . . , . . , . : . : . . (!), . , . . (, ). , ?! XXI ... . . ? , , . , : . ? , , , . , , , , , . , . , , , . . . , . XIX .
21
() . . , , . , , . , . . , , . (18681951) (19001976). , , :
=2hh ,
. , , , . , . , (18871961), (19021984), (19181988). 1926 - . , , , , . : , , , ? , , ? . - . , . (1938), (1949) , . (1969), . , . . - . , , . 1928. ,
22
,
=2hh , ,
, , ( ). , , . , . , ( ) ; 1932 . . . , . . , , . . () . , , , . , . , XXI . , . (, ), , , , . ? . , . , , . . . , . , . . , , 1,022 =1,64936940-13 . . 1947 ( ) : 32 : df=1,05777e+9 f=4,5692e+14 . . ,
mVhL = . ,
(+) (-), (-), . ( ?). . , +/-, .
23
, . , , . , +/-, . , +/- , . . (-) (-), . . : . , . . II. .
1. II () (+.) 1,60217646210-19 . 1,398763110-15, 37832 . , , 1,02072674410-17 . , 861 . , .
E B . () . . . () . , , . , . . .
2.
, . ? (. 1). .
24
. 1
? , . . ? , . : - .
. 2
. . , , , , . , . : . : , , . . : ? . : , . . 50 . . , . , . . , , . () . ,
25
, ( ) . .
3.
:
1. . - 1,022 (. 3). - - 1933 , , , 1948 .
. 3 - , . ( ) . 2. , , .
, . . . , (+) (-) . , , . , () - , . , , , , -. , , , (. 4).
26
. 4
, -, . , - , - . .
. 5
5 . ( ) . (), (+). er ,
er - . : , er
27
. , - , - . , - , . - . - , , , h (h , v -) . - , er , , er , , eo rEe , (0 ). , ,
eo rEeh . , - :
eo rEeh = . (1) (+) ()
2e
o
rekE = , (2)
k . - , (+) (-) ( ) er . , , = 2 t . r
)2sin( trr e = .
)2cos(2 tdtrdr e = . t . t , , 1)2cos(;; === ttdtrdr e ,
vee trvr 2= (3) (2) (3) (1):
veo tr
keh/12 2=
- , ctre =/ .
ckeh o
22= . (4)
28
( .. . . .: . , 1964)
=c , (5)
][1000000000,11 21127 ==
;
][, 4329109875517981 =
= ,
- , : 4,4/ 00 == . , , . . k :
Nk = , (6) N . (5) (6) (4), N
1-2 815137.035999/2
===oehN . (7)
N . , (+) ()
21
e
o
reE = . (8)
- v = vrb, - . , w - , (1). (3)-(8), (1)
/2 21 rborb ehw== . (9)
, (9) :
e
orb r
ehw2
== . (10)
(9) (10) - rbv er . , w , . 2mec2=1,6374208310-13 . w = 1,6374208310-13 . ( ) . -
29
. w = 1.6493694010-13 , 2mec2 = 1,6374208310-13 0,73%. : 1. - rb
2010489213,2 = ;
2. v
crrb
e15
1 101.39876312
== ;
3. e
rhvro
erbrb
17-2
2
1041.02072674 ==
.
(11)
, rbv . , er eR
rR ee1510817940284,2)1(2 =+= . (12)
, 1r :
1065,29177194 -11== eRr2
1 . (8) . (8).
. 1. ()
(+.) 1,60217646210-19 .
2. 1,398763110-15. 3. ,
, 1,02072674410-17 .
4. ()
, , , . . , . .
30
rbv -12101.2043666 = .
rbv er :
v
crrb
e15
1 101.39876312
== . , er
861.022 1 = . , -, - , 861 . , 861 , , . - , , , . . .5, . (+) () . (+), (). ,
E B . : , , ; . , -. re
15101.3987631 = , 1/137,036 . (. ) j. :
tE
sjrotH
==1 (13)
s. : jirotH += . (13) . . , . . , ,
B E . , o . , , .
31
. 1. , 861
. , .
2. E B . 5. () , , , . , ( , ). . ! (). . , . , . , , , . , , . , . , . . . , . , , . , . . , ().
aa
o
dtrd
rej
=
)( (14)
(+) () oe ar
adt
rd
)( .
)( tvSinrr a = 2 :
32
aa
rvdt
rd=
2)( (15)
(15) (14),
ver
evrj oa
oaa 22 =
= . (16)
(16) , oe v (). , : RjU aa =
aaa rEU = . ()
a
waveaa r
RjE
= / . (17)
( ) ][9792458,29 HERwave ===
.
4 , , . 4 , . (17)
20107.359755 ==
= wavee
o
a
oa Rr
cevreE 2
2 /. (18)
, () , ( , ). , , :
19102.45495006 ==
=
= 2
e
o
a
waveaaa r
cer
RjEH /.
, , :
awaveaa
aaa
waveaa HREr
jHr
RjE =
=
= ;; 1 .
(5) . , , , . :
20107.3597584 == 2e
oe r
eE /.
33
. :
=EEa .
1. () .
2. . .
3. () . 4. , ,
. , .
5. . .
6. [1]
8+9565888e2.99792761 ==
=1c /.
, , 0,0000004 /. . 1):
222 == ox eGm .
: 22
2
2
2 RRe
RmmGF oxx === .
: Plankx mm ==
91085944722,1 , 1910360217646261 += ,)/(oe , ,
18108032042,4)/( += , 910987551798 = , , 710000000001 = , ,
111053723056.67257570 =G . , , .
8+9565887e2.99792761===oe
c
8+9565888e2.99792761=
= oec .
. .
34
G:
8+1324356e2.99792458
8+1324356e2.99792458
=
=
===
x
x
o
mG
me
Gc
.
, , , . .
.
.
G .
.
.
___________ 1) 2
2
2
2
2 RRe
RmmGF oxx ===
xm . , , , , . = = . xm . http://www.astrogalaxy.ru/851.html . . . III. .
1. III
(+/) . , , , =4,803204210-18 . . (+) (). , (). ). , , .
http://www.astrogalaxy.ru/851.html
35
. . 3576,055 . , . , . . , . .
, . - , , - .
2. .
(+) () . , (. 6).
. 6 ,
222 == ox eGm , (19) 6 II. (, , ), e0=1,60217646210-19 , (19) xm . , Plm :
Plx mm ==91085944722,1 .
36
, 0 :
180 108032042,4/
21 === eho
,
( o , ;
15100678336368,22/ == oo eh ). , , (), . , , h , oe .
. (+/) 1,60217646210-19 . , , , =4,803204210-18 .
3.
. , , . , (+) (). . , (+) (). , :
mGe
mGe
e
e
41-107.8490194
;
==
==
.
(20)
, , . . . (20)
11-108.6164161==
G /.
: 24 Re
R
= .
37
Mq = . :
RGRMGg 42 == . .
: ? :
21122
221 )4( R
RMMGF ==
2
212
1222 )()()4( rrSRF = .
12 ,
21 . . 12r , 21r . , (!). 2max )( rbg rbf = .
amrbf ga ==2
. )( .
:
abmr
ga ,
= .
gab , .
117.888954)(
)( max222
2max ==
== gmrerbf xrb
orbg
, .
[29], Pl
-9 m101.85944722 ==xm , 10max 1016.34146875 =g /2. ,
364
22
, 101.13176086)(=
=
rb
oga r
eb [*-1*-2].
.
p
bc gg = .
, - 3
34
eR .
123 109.71862764
3==
e
e
Rmp
.
gb .
38
12101.0720744 =gc , 3576,055 . , . , , . , , . , , . . , .
, , , . (.7, ).
.7
. . , . , . . , 1 2 (. 8). (+). (+) , .8.
39
.8
, , (. 9).
. 9 9, , , . , , . . , 3576,055 .
4. , , - (. 4), (+/-). , , , . , . . .
40
. , : (+) (). , , . . , , , , . , (+) (), 7,8489697. 1041 ( 21 ), . . , , . 2. , . 1 2 . (+). (+) , .8. .
, , . , , , . , . . , , , , . , , .2 , - . , (. 10) (http://nwpi-fsap.narod.ru/lists/materialovedenie_lect/2.html).
. 10 . 11.
41
. 11
, . , . , - , .
.. .. , 2006. 490 .. - . , .
( ) .. ( ):
, ( ), , . , , , , , , . , , - . (), v, (. 269).
, , , , , , , . (.. ). . (. 276).
42
. , . (. 293).
.. , .
, , , , , , 1 2. .. .. . , . , , . . , , , , . , . . . , , 2.41020 4.10-21 . , , 4.10-21*3.108 = 1,2.10-12 , . , . , , 1025 . , .. == /cr . , . , - 1019 , - . - . , , . (). .. , . , 1 2. , . , , , .
43
5.
, , . . , , , , . , . . . . , , 2.41020 4.10-21 . , , 4.10-21*3.108 = 1,2.10-12 , . , . , , 1025 . , .. /cr == . , .
VHVEVHEw
2222
)(21
==+= .
334
=V .
- hw = . , , . -, , ,
rb= . -, . , . rbrbrb dV
2)( = . : 2010329367465,7/ == orbrb erbE /.
2132 21063742243,11 cmVEw erbrbrb ===
.
, -
172 1011975547,1)(==
rbrb
rbVd ,
. . , -
22 )/()(
EdEdhw === .
, , , -
44
.
2)/( Ed
cwp == .
. , . , , [ ., 1999]. , , . , Brot . , . ? . .
qqe == 9792458.29 . ,
. :
oeoe
he ,108032068.42
18===
.
: 221
r
F = . ,
. , . ,
R
H
/,2= .
2
2
2
2
Rf
Ref eoe === - .
oe e
= , 232979244785.29 == rq -
. , ,
er oqe ,1080321.418== - ,
. ee ,10803210.4
18== . . , (. , ); . . . 1510)80(067833636,22/ == oo eh . : 51129430,/ == on . -, -, :
45
511,430
103987632,12/10204366612,12/ 1512
=
=== erb
rcn
. ,
: e
orb r
eh2
= .
-, . , , . . , , . . . ,
: dr
IkHr
IkH 22sinsin
=
= ll .
:
VnLIVn
nNSINNSHNINH
22
2'
4;4
;;4;4
==
=====lll
VnL 214
= ,
, . . 0226,0;6000;3000;10;5,0 3 ===== LnNSl , .
022105,0=LV 3/. 239,45=
VL /3. 4.
][27778.0 22123 LV = 3/ ][6.3599976.3 3222 =
VL
/3. .
rR
rRdlIk
rdlIkdH === )sin(;)sin( 32 .
dl R2 . Ir
RkH 322
= .
IR
kH 2= .
ILIRHRSH ==== 122
1 2 . R10973921.1/2 621
== RL , . ,
216 1076104157.210973921.1 == ee rL , . 25920 ,10085948,7 eLK ee
== .
fKb ee ,10339736,1;106302968,1/30772 === .
rKm eee ,10152821,1/292 == .
46
, 1=n , ,
142 = lV
L .
, 222,4;44
=
=
= l
SLlL
SlLS
, ,
, ( ), . ,
60 102566371.1
14 ==
L .
iL = 00 . , . , , , , . . :
1722
2
100206735.1)(,)(
=
=
==e
erb
e
erb rb
rr
rbf .
, .
6. . . [.. . //., .,1964 . 574 .] , - . , . , . [.., .. . // , , ., 1996 . 619 .] . . [1946 . XXVIII, . 1.] , , : 1. , : , . . ( ), . 2. . , , , , . , , . , , Principia : III. , , , .
47
, . , , . . . ) . . , . , - . -, , . ( ). , . , , . . ( . inertia ), ( ), , 1- 2- . () , , . , , , . . , , ; , . . [ . ., . ., , ., 1967; , . . , , ., 1965; Reinhard ., Machs Principle a Critical Review, Zeitschrift fr Naturforschung, 1973, . 28a, 34.] , : , . (, ) . - , . . , . , .
2mcE = . , , . m . (+) (), ,
181 1080320424
=
= .q ,
, , . . , .
48
:
=xmG , 1110672589236 = .G ][, 2112 =
= 7100000000011 -
. 9-1041.85851858 ==
Gmx
. .
: Plx mm = , , 03599981371 ,= . ,
xm . , . , , , , . , , :
39
31
10350768122
1010938188509
=
=
=
.
;.G
me
. , . amf ee = . , :
aR
aG
fvaq
e == 1
.
979245829.=vaqR , -11108.6164161 =
= G /.
31-1069.10938188 =
=vaq
e Rm 1 .
24 )( arSEa = ar : 2411 )( a
vaqvaqe rSER
aR
f
=
= .
b ,
: amrbf x==2)(
bamr x= 2)(
bm
SEr xa =
=4
12)( .
1011.85942954 9-=
=SE
bmx 4.
iLR= , ,
L , . , :
49
71014159265363 == ,// eR RL [...(.)-2].
:
22-108.8528205 =
= RLR . , :
102.65799675 -18==RL
i .
: 31-1069.10938188 =
= iLR
m Rvaq
e1 .
, , , . . , . (), , , , , =6.3998+26 / . , . :
][10509.10938188)(2
312
kgrr
mrbe
e =
+
=
][)(
kgrr
emrbe
oe
31-10459.10938188 =+
=2
2
][)(
kgcrr
emrbe
oe
31-10619.10938188 =+
=
2 ][
)(kg
cRh
rrchm
erbee
31-1099.10938188 ==
=+
=
11 222
]22 [1008.98755179 ==2
2
oe ,
: -18104.8032042 == 1/q .
11212 222 ==
= oo
oo eeeeh
, , . . . , .
50
182
2
10534696851 == ,cm
eRp
op .
- :
][1067262311,1 272
kgR
mp
p =
=
. . . , . , . : . . . . , . , , , . , , :
G
me39
31
1035076812.2
;101093818850.9
=
==
.
, . , , , . . , (+/-). , , . . ? 0,2 . . , : . 15 .
7. , . . .
51
31-10729.10938188 =
=
Brotvrsem o
2,
r , v , B s,
62 10331.16789538 ==e
ee R
i
, . , R=2.817940284.10-15 . , . , :
16104793138512 =
= ,i
Rr e .
19.03742 . , , .
, , 31-10729.10938188 =
=
22 vr
em o .
r , Hzrmev
e
o 242 1082229312
=
=
, .
- :
2710050778569,54
==p
op m
heP
[.2] ,
92 10444362,24
==pp
op Rm
hei
191038558803912
=
= ,
iR
r pp .
Hzrm
evpp
o 272 1081412730832
=
=
, .
:
Hzrm
eve
o 24101.82229274 =
=22
.
.
1. , . 2. - ,
, - .
52
IV. ,
1. IV.
: , , , , . . , , , . . , . .
2.
, . , , . . , (!) . , (, ). , 365*3600*24*3000000 = 9.4608e+13 ! 9.4608e+013/1.392e+6 =8 . () . , . , , 200300 . . 4,5 . . , . . , ? : . ? , . - , . -. , , . . , . , . , , . . , . , , , , , , .
53
, , . , . , , , . - . , (-); ( ) . . . : ( 300-400 / ) (600700 / ). ( 1200 /) . , , . : . , , , - - , , . - . , , , 2001 . , , , , . , , . , , , , . : . , . , . , . , , , , . , , . , .
54
3.
, , , , II III . 1). 1998 , ( ) . . , . (+.)1,602176462-19 , , =4,8032042-18 . 1,3987631-15 , . :
181 1080320424 == ,/q . (21) . 2). 37832 , ( ). , , . . , , (), , , (+).
: mVh
= .
, . . , , . . : L(k)=4pi.1,3987631-15 (1+1/137.03998)= 2.4261764e-12 . 3). : , . , , . 4). , . , :
55
= ii Gm . (22)
, : , (+) () , . , . . . , , , . , . , , . , . , . , . . 5). 1.6712e+8 [1]:
9max 10859429541.1
=== PlmGm kg. (23)
Plm , 035998.137/1= . , . , . . . . 6). , . , , . 1,020726744-17 . 137.035998. . 7). . (+) (), (+) () 7.8490194e-41 . , . , ( ). :
21122
221 )4( R
RmmGF == , (24)
:
24 RmG
= /2. (25)
: Gg 4= /2 , (26)
56
91098755179.81 ==o
,
. 8). :
341 106260687652.62 == oeh *. : , 137,035996. , , h . . . , : . . . . 3576,055 . , , . . , . , , . , . , , . , . (+.)1,602176462-19 . . . , , , , , , , . 4.
. . .
57
. . . , . , , . (, ). . , :
2
~~ 1
=
errcc
.
(27)
- . . : . . . . -10,11.
cVff = . , V
. , , . . , . , , . (27) :
SEg
rcc
e 4)(11 2~ =
(28)
. ,
: i
o
cc
iin ===
)sin(1
)sin()90sin( (,
, ). 90, i . . :
=
SEg
rarcSini
e 4)(11 2 . , .
, . , .
, 2
11
.
. . Ro. :
58
..10062648,2
)(4)(111
5
22
2
1
RRSEGM
rarcSini
oe
+
=
, (28) :
52 1006264824 = ,/ oGR RcGMi . 1.
, /2
, ..
271 1.74803 1.744277 25,1 0.01478 0.016437 9,81 0.00225 0.000574 1,62 0.00006 0.000026
, . .
. 12
, (). . . . 12 . , 4 5 . . , : =c . (27) , . ? , . . , . ,
59
][108.987552 2222
==HE
,
.
. 29.9792458=HE .
: 7.376~4HERv = .
:
79137.03599922 22
1 ===
oo eh
ech .
, alfa . , alfa . , , . , :
9792458.29222 121212 ===
ooo eHEeeh .
-10 11 ( J.D. Anderson).
, cVff o= ,
, 2,5 , .. . , , , V . .
102max 106.341445)(4 == rbrSEg /
2. . , (27):
SEBG
rcc
eoB
4)(1 2
1
= , (29)
B . .3 . . 1 . 2 . , . , , . .
60
. 13 (20) :
11-2
106.67258923 =
=
e
o
meG :
2110
11-2
10743222.04124411)0(1,0135500
1
;106.67258923
=
=
=
=
k
mkeG
e
o
, , , , .
:
=
2
1e
o rrGG
.
. 14., . . ()
. 14
61
1998 ( , ) , . 14. . . . , , . ? 1 , .
5. 1,022 . [29]. , . , ]: 2. 2.48935e+20
1.2043e-12 .
,
137,0359998 , . , 12 , re=1.39876288e-15 . , . 12 . , , n n)2( 1 . . : 3. n , , 0 1)2( 01 =
1.39868e-15 2.14339e+23 c/re =2.14339e+23
1 )2( 1 1.2043e-012 2.48935e+20 2 )2( 1 2 1.0369296e-9 2.891155e+1
7
3 )2( 1 3 8.9281982e-7 3.35782e+14
62
4 )2( 1 4 7.687380e-4 3.89980e+11
5 )2( 1 5 0.661901 4.529266e+8 6 )2( 1 6 5.69912e+2 5.260333e+5 7 )2( 1 7 4.907067e+5 6.109402e+2 8 )2( 1 8 4.2250955e+8 0.709552 ? 9 )2( 1 9 3.63790261e+
011 8.240805e-4 ?
10
)2( 1 10 3.132316e+14 9.5709510e-7
11
)2( 1 11 2.696995e+17 1.111598e-9
4 :
,
9.5709510e-7 1.111579561e-009 .
1.31568422e-007 0.13747 5.083036484e-008 0.05311 3.1683751e-008 0.03310 1.68477599e-008 0.01760 1.488435452e-008 13.390333 8.116461e-009 7.30174 4.0351686e-009 3.63012 2.5752785e-009 2.31677 4. 9.5709510e-7 . 1.111579561e-009 , . .
.15 3.
63
. , . , . 15 .. .. ( , , 26, 24, 2000, .70-75). , . . . 6.10940219+2 ? , 4. 6.10940219+2 43, 9.1667 , 550, 60. 15, , , 16. . , .
].[2997924581== sm
pbc cros .
2910795918 = ,crosb . 12107867969 = ,p .
, 2, , . , . .
6.
. . , . :
1121 105,29177246)(2
=+= rbe rrr .
-1510392.81794028)1(2)(2 =+=+= erbee rrrR . : -1121 1065.29177194 ==
eRr .
,
2hnVmrM nen == . ,...3,2,1=n
. ,
: ne
n Vmhnr =2 .
64
, 2
2n
nVmW = .
-. 13106.1 1 .
613
2
10106,12
= nnVmW .
5 . ,r(i),
Vn, /
,
5.291772e-11 2.18769131e+6 13.6242 -13,5 1.058354e-10 1.09384565e+6 3.40605 -3,38 1.587532e-10 7.29230436e+5 1.51380 -1,50 . , . , , , . . , , . , . . , . , (+) () - . . E U - .
n
on
remVUEW
22
2== ,
(30)
m=9.1093818872e-31 , , =1.60217646263e-19 , , Vn n=1,2,3,4. ,
91098755179.8 = , rn n=1,2,3,4.. . :
1= ncVn
c = 299792458 / . :
en Rnr22 =
65
( ): 222
n
o
n
ne
re
rVmF == . ,
nn
onen Ur
eVmE21
21
2
22
===
n 2 . . , , nuqlonoUeU = . . , . n :
22
2
2 nmcW =
. (31)
. , -, . . . ? , -, . . . 6. n
, .
,
1 2>1 1.634904e-18 1.2150e-7 2 3>2 3.0276e-19 6.5611e-7 3 4>3 1.05966e-19 1.8746e-6 4 5>4 4.9047e-020 4.0501e-6 5 6>5 2.6643e-020 7.4559e-6 6 7>6 1.6065e-020 1.2365e-5
: ( )22 12 nn VVmE = . E
chL
= .
: , :
nDBn mV
h= ; 34106260687652,6 =h . .
, n : nDBn nr =2 . , . ( ). 3>2 :
66
91005777,1 = v 14105692,4 =v . . , , , . . :
2
1
=
cV
mm
, 137,036 , 274,072 . , 0,8 . . . : (!), . . (+) (). , , (+) (). , , (), (+), . , , -. , . , , , . . 3>2 11106761 = ,r . . , . . . , . ! , - ! . , . . - ! . , (+) (), . . -
67
22
2mVmVhvW =+=
, , . , , , . : , , . . , , . XX , . . . (). . , . ? , , . . 20- . , . . . . , , . , : r < 10-19 . 4 . r ~ 10-17 . 2 . , 2 . , .. 2. , , . 10-17 . . .
: 10539.274008994
24-==o
oe m
he
2.
: 62 10331.16789538 ==e
ee R
i .
, . , R= 2.817940284.10-15 [].
25101.3718493 ==e
o
iet .
: 11101.29064042 ==tRV eeR
/. ,
. :
68
311.000000011 == cVn eR
! ,
5113,4301 = . , , . 430,5 . . , . . .
7. . . , . , . , : , , , . , . .7 , . . .. // , , 2005. ? ? ? ? : . , , . : 15 . , . , . , , . , : - , . . 1927 , . . , , , - .
69
. 16 . , . , , . : , , , , , . , , . , . , , , , .
8.
, . , , ( ). , , , , , . , . . , , , . (+) () , ( ). . (+) (-). :
70
.... (+1+) () (+2+) .... , () . , , . , 1041 (+) () , : ....+(++)++()++(++)+.... ( ), ....+()++()++(++)+.... ( ). , , . . , , . : , . ., , , . , , 6,3998.1026 /. , , . , -. . . , , , . , 1/R3 (n=359). . , , , , , . , , .
9.
,
(8). 10106.341445 ==
24 )(max rbrSEg /2. . , . , . . (.).
71
,
. maxg
GMRbh = .
9-1091.859447211 == ox em .
(8).
, : 22
cGMRbh = ,
. 3 (R = 46 ), - 1 (79 ). , 5-7 .
10.
, , , , . : ? , , ? , . . - +, , +, . , . . , . , . :
, . , , , . , , ~ 3M. , M > 3M , . . - . , , . M, , rg ( ): rg = 2GM/c2, ( , vk2 = (2GM/R)1/2 ,
72
). 3 R = 79.5 . R= 8.91 . . , , . . ( ). , , . . , , . . , . XI, 5.6 . 22M 8M , ( ). , , , . , . , , . , . ( plmxm = =1,85945910
-9 ).
1974 . , . - . , . . . (), , . , . , , . , . . , . 10 1069 . ( ) , , 1096 .
73
. 17 , . .
bhS MGR
2= ,
: maxg
MGR bhbh = . ,
, . . . , , , , 10131014 , . , 107106 /3.
5max
107.09121
==gGkRcom .
11. . 1010 /3, ~ 104K. , . . . , .
74
, . . .
1510398763188,1 =er .
2 . ,
, , er . 4.51014 , 16 . : . . ,
17100315.1 =r . . 16*137=2192 . , . . , ,
15103987631881 = ,er .
: ? , [Randall, R.Sundrum, 1999]? , . . , .
, 137,036* er . . () .
12. , M ~ 25M ( ) ~ 1.6M . M > 1.4M , , . , .
75
, p + e + ve , , . , 1017 - 1018 /3. 10 - 15 . . , . , , - . 3.2M . , , . 1011 109 K ~ 100 . . . 109 108 K 100 106 K - . - . , - , 1 - 3M 10 - 20 . , , , . , , . ( ) . , . , , . . . , , . - . . 19108368193 = ,nr .
(, , ) 181053471 = .pr , , 1.21015 , 388 . , . .
13. , . 2+8 /. , . . ( ) ,
76
. 2RmGg = .
: dtmd
RG
dtgd
2
1= .
: , .
: ][10509.10938188)(2)(2
3122
kgrr
err
mrbe
o
rbee
=+
=+
=
.
: )(
1)(
1
rbe
oo
rbe rrdtede
rrdtd
dtmd
+=
+
=
.
, dtedj oo = ,
. ,
orbe
oo
rbe
oe jrrc
jrr
edtmd
)()( +
=+
=
dt
dR
j ow
o
=1 , 979245829,=wR
, .
jrr
mR
Gdt
gd
e )(1
2+
=
.
() . . , , . , , . , , . . , . . ( ) ( ):
, . : , . . , - ;
77
, . , ; , . . , , .
14.
, , , , .. -, , . ( ). - eo rEehv = . , . . , . . . 2)(4 rSEarot = . . , , . ,
BSE
GrB
42 = .
15. : . .
: RmmaR
VmFrun2
2
=== . Rfa 2)2( = . TVa = .
RVf =2 .
6.1094021931e+2, 007-1.0607e2
==f
VR
!
: R
Varun2
= . Vfarun 2= . 4-4.0715e2==
fgV
/.
78
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
. 18. . g 2,25 .
0.51552
==g
VR .
3.2390 . 1.4396 . 41.6782. m (, ), R , V , runa , . ; , . ( ). , . . 19
. 19
1 2. 0
1
2
1
2
2
1
,
0
79
, . 0. , , . 1 2 ( 21
22 a1.414221 +=+= aaa ) . . : , , ? , . , . , . . , , () . 0 , , . , . . , . , 1 2 , ( ).
. 20 ( !):
21122
221 )4( R
RMMGF == 221
212
22 )()()4( rrSRF = .
:
90.77440485;)(4 2 === GErSEg [3.-1.-3].
4342 106.254563574
==e
o
reS
/4.
a1 a1
a2
a2 a1+a2
a2+a1
0 1
2
80
?: 2)(4 rSEmmaf ==
2)(4 rSEa = ,
SE
ar4
= . 0
RVarun
2=
SREVr
4
1 = ; SRE
Vr
41
cc = .
22 )()( crrr += .
RVV
SREVVSErrSEa
22
2222
41)(4)(4
c
cc
+=
=
+=+=
.
RR
rb 2
21= . R*1.4142
2 = r
2/sqrt(2) =1.4142 , . . ,
022-1.2695e102545636.6774405.04
81.943 =
=
r .
V R:
022-1.2695e25.04
10.5000 =
=SE
r
, .. R=0,25
V=0,5 /. ,
. 0986,19602
==R
Vv
/.
, , , . . : ? 462.9630 /. :
024-7.4305e63780004
1963,624 =
=SE
r
. . 17.0850 ,
. . , , , . , . : ? ?
81
16. 1. (). , , ; . XIX . , . 30- . , , . . , . , , (+) (), . (+) () . , . 2. . ; . 3. (). 4. ( ). , , , , . . .
17.
:
][1000000000,11 21127 ==
- ,
][1098755179,81 4329 ==
- .
CODATA : 122 10854187817.8/1 == coo
7104 = o .
82
. . . , , . [kg-m-s] : , , . . :
-34-112 10526.6260687629792458.292 === oo eeh .. , , , 376,7. , , . . , : , , 1 , 1 , 210-7 . , , , CODATA , :
],[],[ dHdIdBdIdF o ll == . 4 . 1 . 210-7 , , . , .
18.
. , , . , . , , , , , . , , , . . . . , : . .
83
, . . . . , . . , , , , 6 . , . . , . [1] 1964 . XX . , , . . . , (+) (). , . . . , 2000 , : , ()? , , . , , , . . . , () . , , . [2] . , , . : . [31] , . ... . , . , . , , , . , . 1 microarcsec. , . 0,0100050 .
84
. - . [27, . ]. , , , , . , , . , , , , . , , , . . . . , (2010): http://globalscience.ru/article/read/17465/ , . . - BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11541383 , ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) http://www.iter.org/ 2012: (NIF) http://bigpicture.ru/?p=106567 , (2006) http://science.compulenta.ru/268602/ . .
.
)33(80072973530.0= . )61(0359895.1371 = .
]432[91098755179,81 =
=
o , .
]2112[7100000000028,11
o
=
=
, ,
1910)49(60217733.1)/( +=oe , , .
18108032042,4)/( += , . .
][10)52(62606876.62 341 eh o == .
http://globalscience.ru/article/read/17465/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11541383http://www.iter.org/http://bigpicture.ru/?p=106567http://science.compulenta.ru/268602/
85
3110)54(1093897.9 =om , .
1522
2
1038817940922 === )(.oe
oe acm
eR -
() . 1212 1024264361297.210)22(42631058.2/ == cmh ee
. 2710)10(6726231.1 =pm ,
. 18
2
2
1053469851 == .cm
eRp
op
. 2710)9(001378404.1 =nm .
1110)24(29177249.54/ == Rao .
7
7322
102309737315341107750973731551142
=== )(.
.// oee emhcmR
.
88 103899979245804.21099792458.2 =c /.
][.
)(./21311
1122
106726064461087672596
==
meG xo
,
91085944583.1 == Plx mm , mPl - . 8101767114.2 =Plm .
: 20
max 1035936346.7/ == orb erbE / . SEar = 4/ , .
SRMr = 4/
.
MSR
brbw 22
4
== )( (+) (-)
R.
aSE
bwa
=4 .
mgSEgbrbfSEgr ==== 44 /,/ ,
102 1034085864 == .)(max rbrSEg /(+2),
9108594591 == .maxgrbm rbx
, . () (+)
411084902727 == ,eo me . xm
86
2110041240832 ==+ ,e
x
mm
n. , ,
411084903637 + == ,/ nee oo .
( () (+)
391035307906772 == ,/oe e . , ,
391025307906772 == ,/Gmem . ( ?) .
1. .. . . .: . , 1964. 2. .. - //
, 7, 7, . ., 2001.
3. .. // - , 7, 8, , ., 2001.
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