abhi 99 % sarif

8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif

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By - ABHISHEK SHARMA

8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif


y Considered to be a transitional f orm between bacteria & fungi.

y Hav e m ycelial network of branching f ilament.

y Like bacteria ,the y are thin, possess cell wall containing muramicacid, hav e prokar y otic nuclei & are susceptible to antibacteriala

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.y GENERA L CHARA CTER : -

y Gram positi v e , non motile , non sporing , non capsulated , f ilamentous that break into bacilli and coccied elements .

y Most are f ree li v ing , particularly in soil .

y ANAEROBIC GENERA :- Actinomyces , Arachnia , BifidobacteriumRothia etc .

y AEROBIC GENERA : N ocardia , streptomyces , Dermatophilus , Actinomedura etc .

8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif


y Bollinger(1877) f ound a mould like organism in the lesion of lumpy jaw in cattle.

y Term coined by Harz in ref erence to ray like appearance of the organism in the granules thatcharacterize the lesions .

y Wolf and Israel (1891) isolated an anaerobic bacillus f rom human lesions and produced experimentalinf ections in rabbits and guinea pigs . This was

named Actinomyces israelii. It causes human Actinom ycosis while in cattle it is produced by A.bovis .

8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif


y Chronic granulomatous inf ection occuring in human beings and animals .

y Characterised by de v elopment of indurated s welling in connecti v e tissues , suppuration of discharge of sulphur granules . The lesions often points to wards skin , leading to multiple sinuses .

y In human beings , caused an endogenos inf ection , normally presentin mouth intestine and vagina as a commensels , causing a trauma(f oreign bodies or poor oral hy giene may fav our tissue in vasion .)

y Causati v e agents are Actinomyces israelii , A. viscous , A.odontolyticum , A. meyri etc .

y It is usually a cooperati v e diseases that is usually accompained by other associated bacteria which include Bifidobacterium dentium ,Haemophilus aphrophilus , Fusobacteria , staphyloocci , and anaerobicsreptococci .

8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif


y Cer v ico facial - With indurated lesion on cheek and submaxillay region .

y Thoracic - with lesion in lungs that may in v olv e pleura and pericardium .

y Abdominal - where the lesion is usually around the cecum ,sometimes inf ection spreads to the li v er by portal v ein .

y Pelv ic - it has been associated with a use of intrauterine de v ices .

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y Made by demonstrating Actinom ycetes in the lesions by microscopy and by isolation in culture .

y Sulphur granules may be taken f rom pus which may be demonstrated by shaking it up in the test tube with some saline .

y On standing , granules sediments and may be with drawn with acapillar y pipette .

y Granules are white and y ello wish and about 5 mm when examined.

y Granules are infact bacterial colonies and Gram positi v e f ilaments , surrounded by a peripheral zone of club shaped structures which

is belie v ed to be a antigen antibod y complex .y These granules are washed and inoculated into thioglycollate and

incubated anaerobically at 37 degree celsius where A. bovisproduces tubidity and A. israeliis gro w as fluffy balls at bottom .

8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif


8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif


y R esemble Actinom yces in morpholog y but are aerobic .

y Gram positi v e and some species such as N . asteroides and N .brasiliensis are acid fast .

y Found in soil and inf ection may be exogeneous .

y C AUSES :-

y Cutaneous inf ection ( local abscesses )

y Sub- cutaneous - causes Actinom ycotic m ycetoma which is alocalised , granulomay ous in v olv ement of Sub-cutaneous and deeper tissues , commonly aff ecting the f oot , and hand presenting as a tumour with multiple discharging sinuses .

y Sy stemic inf ection - generally cause pulmonar y disease pneumonia, Lung abscesses .

8/6/2019 abhi 99 % sarif


y By demonstration of branching f ilaments microscopically and by isolation in the culture .

y Gro w readily on ordinar y media f orming dr y granular wrinkled colonies which produce pigment ranging f rom y ello w to red .

y TREATMENT ;-

y Cotrimoxazole gi v en f or se v eral months may be usefull .

y Minocycline and cef otaxime are also eff ecti v e .

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y

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abhi 99 % sarif