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On teaching public speaking skills:
Overcoming Americas #1 Fear
An extended research project by:
Benjamin Abrams
2013
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W.M. Davies Career & Technical HS
Located in Lincoln, RI
Most students come from Pawtucket & Central Falls
Total enrollment: 816 (55% Male)
Eligible for free or reduced lunch: 66%
State test performance index: 79.4
10 Shops
Automotive Electronics
Biomanufacturing Graphic Arts
Carpentry Health Careers
Cosmetology Hospitality
Electrical Machine
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A call for action:Genetic Disorder Project Presentations
10 of 24
students
REFUSED to
present;
Average
score of 47%
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Undiagnosed and untreated social
anxieties
Fear of public speaking can exist in isolation with no fearsmanifested in personal relationships or other social
situations (Hancock et al. 2008)
Social anxiety disorder as often undiagnosed and untreated.Individuals fear and avoid anxiety-inducing situations, which
only strengthens their negative and irrational beliefs (Hindo &Gonzlez-Prendes 2011)
Public speaking anxiety peaks between 13-17 years old, andremains relatively stable throughout the lifetime, unless there
is an early intervention (Rickards-Schlichting 2001)
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Rationale: Why this intervention is
important
1. Rhode Island
performance-based
graduation
requirements
2. College & career
readiness
3. General life skill
According to most
studies, people's
number one fear is
public speaking. Number
two is death. Death is
number two. Does that
sound right? This meansto the average person, if
you go to a funeral,
you're better off in the
casket than doing the
eulogy. Jerry Seinfeld
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Rhode Island graduation requirements:Performance-based diploma assessments
Portfolio Exhibition Capstone
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College & career readiness
Rhode Island Salaries:
No high school
diploma
High school
diploma
Bachelors
$20,000 $30,000 $45,000
2010: 63% of students taking remedial courses at CCRI
By 2018, 61% of Rhode Island jobs will require some
postsecondary education-Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce
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Class information & Student
demographics10th Grade Biology
9:00-9:45 am, daily
24 Students (11 females, 13 males)
The 2011 graduation rate for Latino students in Rhode Island is 10%
lower than the overall graduation rate and 15% lower than that of
White students
40%
30%
20%
10%
Abrams Biology
36%
49%
11%4%
Davies HS
22%
63%
8%
7%
Rhode Island KEY
Latino
White
Black
Other
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My intervention:
Three (3) essential components
BioBulletin
Presentation
Critiques
Frequent
Opportunities to
Present
Combination of
methods is the most
effective treatment(Rickards-Schlichting 2001)
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Intervention #1: BioBulletin Presentations
The Lefkoe method
(Cunningham et al.
2006)
Shorter exposures
(Seim et al. 2010)
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BioBulletin presentation rubric:Authentic, thorough feedback (Finn et al. 2009)
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Intervention #2: Presentation Critiques(Rickards-Schlichting 2001)
Example Presentation Presentation Critique Template
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Light bulb critiques
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Final critique: Types of Birds
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Intervention #3:
Frequent presentations
Over the course of ~12
teaching weeks:
1. BioBulletin2. Genetic disorder project
3. Evolution lab
demonstrations
4. Evolution concept maps
5. Evolution misconceptions
6. Biome Brochure
The research
The Lefkoe method
(Cunningham et al. 2006)
Exposure therapy
(Finn et al. 2009)
Multiple exposures(Vasey et al. 2012)
Task avoidance
(Hindo & Gonzlez-Prendes 2011)
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My five (5) tips for a solid presentation
1. Eye contact!
2. Keep reading to a minimum. Notes should bethere to organize your thoughts, not dictate
them3. Slow down. Even though you know whatyoure talking about, your audience doesnt
4. Project your voice
5. Fluency (organization): Your presentationshould flow like a narrative. It should have aclear beginning, middle, & end
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Video of Biome Brochure Presentation
1. Eye contact!
2. Notes
3. Pacing4. Voice
5. Fluency
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Video of Biome Brochure Presentation
1. Eye contact!
2. Notes
3. Pacing4. Voice
5. Fluency
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Results: Increased participation &
efficacy
All students presented
their Biome Brochures!
Average for BioBulletin:79.3%
47%
78.6%
0
20
40
60
80
100
Genetic Disorder Biome Brochure
Abrams Biology Student Presentation
Scores
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Future directions
Continue BioBulletin
presentations
Modify tips for a solid
presentation for each
class
Have students model their
own presentations
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Works CitedCunningham, V., Lefkoe, M., & Sechrest, L. (2006). Eliminating fears: an intervention that
permanently eliminates the fear of public speaking. Clinical Psychology &
Psychotherapy, 13(3), 183193.
Finn, A. N., Sawyer, C. R., & Schrodt, P. (2009). Examining the effect of exposure therapy on
public speaking state anxiety. Communication Education, 58(1), 92109.
Hancock, A. B., Stone, M. D., Brundage, S. B., & Zeigler, M. T. (2010). Public Speaking Attitudes:
Does Curriculum Make a Difference?Journal of Voice, 24(3), 302307.
Hindo, C. S., & Gonzlez-Prendes, A. A. (2011). One-session exposure treatment for social anxietywith specific fear of public speaking. Research on Social Work Practice, 21(5), 528
538.
Rikards-Schlichting, K.A. (2001).A self-modeling intervention for high school students with public
speaking anxiety. (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and
Theses. (Accession Order No. [304689906])
Seim, R. W., Waller, S. A., & Spates, C. R. (2010). A preliminary investigation of continuous andintermittent exposures in the treatment of public speaking anxiety. International
Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6(2), 8594.
Vasey, M. W., Harbaugh, C. N., Buffington, A. G., Jones, C. R., & Fazio, R. H. (2012).
Predicting return of fear following exposure therapy with an implicit measure of
attitudes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(12), 767774.
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Thank You!
Dan BisaccioJanet Butler
MAT friends
Tom Weaver
Deb Taute
Doug Le
Thank you for all your support,
guidance, and patience! I couldnt
where Id be without you
Whenever youre feeling nervous,
unsure, or scared just remember-
YOURE DOING FINE