S E O U L Achievements and Tasks of

Seoul Metropolitan Government’s policy for Local Energy Transition

1

LEE Yu-Jin leeyujin2010@gmail.com Researcher, Institute of Green Transition

2

Centralized Energy System in Korea

294.6

241.3 240.4

219.8

188.2

157.5

68.4

49.8 42.9

29.9 29.6 18.8

4.6 3 1.8 1.7 0

인천 충남 전남 경남 경북 부산 제주 강원 경기 울산 전북 대구 광주 충북 대전 서울 세종

광역시도별 전력자립률 (2016년)

Government’s Nuclear Phase out Energy Transition Policy

Phase 1.

April 2012.

Phase 2.

August 2014.

Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan

'11 '12 '13 '14.6

Energy Generation

6

18

26

Renewable generation

Waste heat recovery

Power generation from PV

Hydro fuel cells

'11 '12 '13 '14.6

Energy Efficiency

35

54

74

87

Transportation

LED

BRP

Institutional change

- Energy Consumption Quota

'11 '12 '13 '14.6

Energy Saving 78 83

91

Civic Participation

- Eco-mileage Program

- Limit on cooling

& heating temperatures

Public Sector

- GHG Target

vvManagement System

Waste

In the first half of 2014, 2 million TOE of energy was saved!

| Unit : 10,000 TOE | | Unit : 10,000 TOE | | Unit : 10,000 TOE |

To proactively respond to energy crisis and climate change,

Produce and save energy

equivalent to the output of one nuclear power plant.

One Less Nuclear Power Plant

5

S E O U L 1,000M

Generation ㆍ

Efficiency ㆍ

Saving

4m-TOE cut

Electricity

Self-reliance Rate

20%

GHG Emissions

10m-ton cut

Transition to ‘Energy Independent City’

- Promote energy-independence, sharing and participation -

- Purse High energy-efficient Society -

By 2020

ONE LESS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

SEOUL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN

6

Focus resources on actual energy savers, mandatory registration of membership number

1.87M members / 384,940 TOE saving (Jul. 2014 to Dec. 2015)

Improve Eco-mileage Program

Link GHG reduction and energy welfare improvement

【Expanded standards for provision of incentives】

※ Incentive beneficiaries 70,000 people(Current) → 120,000 people (Expected)

| Changed Standards |

Energy savings Incentives

Over 5%, less than 10% 10,000 mileages

Over 10%, less than 15% 30,000 mileages

Over 15% (Same as before) 50,000 mileages

7

LED Replacement

in Public Buildings

LED replacement in public offices, hospitals,

district offices, etc.

LED replacements at subway stations by Seoul Metro, Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corp

PV-run LED traffic signs at Children Protection Zone

640,000

530,000

1,982,000

units

units

USD

(2015 to 2016)

(Aug. to Dec. 2015)

8

LED replacements at Street & Security Lights

68,000 units

LED Replacement in Private Buildings

(Jul. 2014 to Dec. 2016)

10,281,000

Building Energy Management System(BEMS)

Introduced at Seoul Seo-buk Hospital on a pilot basis

Reinforced environmental impact assessment requires BEMS on new large buildings

Eco-friendly boilers Insulation Windows Energy-efficient LED Automatically controlled

BEMS

9

Insulation

Materials Three-pane

windows Air tight

construction

heat recovery

ventilator PV Monitoring

System

Lighthouse Project

Construction of smallㆍmedium energy efficient model houses for PR

Model houses that include passive elements, energy production and monitoring systems

Four energy efficient model houses to be built including daycare centers and senior citizen community centers

Develop a manual for the model houses, and share and promote the results

10

Noeul Fuel Cell Power Plant (built in Nov. 2016)

Capacity : 20MW

Electricity : 163GWh/year

Heat : 91,900Gcal/year

Capacity : 32Gcal/h

Seonam Water Recycling Center

Fuel Cell

Power Plants

Capacity : 30MW

Raise civic fund

to engage citizens in

energy generation

Sewage Heat

Recovery Facility

11

Generate Power for 45k households Heat for 9,700 households

Renewable Energy Fund “에너지 전환의 이득을 모든 시민들이 공유할 수 있도록!”

Community Energy “성장하는 에너지시민은 에너지전환의 든든한 지지자”

Mini Solar PV “에너지 소비자에서 에너지 생산자로!”

Civic Fund (August 2015)

- Maturity : 3 years

(Minimum USD 879, Maximum USD 8,791)

- Invest in installation of 4.24 MW PV power plants,

and the profits will be shared by the holders

- Total : USD 7.25 million

- Holders : 1,044 persons ※ Average investment per person : USD 6,938

KB Seoul Solar Power Plant Investment Trust

Expansion of PV installations

Institutional change

to facilitate private PV power generation

Public building

rent rate

Seoul

Feed-in-Tariffs(FIT) Loan cap for

PV power generation

100% 20% off Increase

9 cents

/kWhㆍyear

17.7 dollar

/kWhㆍyear 4.5 cents

/kWhㆍyear

22 dollars

/kWhㆍyear

Up to 60% of

installation costs

Up to 80% of

installation costs

(Since Jan. 2015)

13

14

Idea of Mini Solar PV – PV Electronics

15

▣ Emergence and growth of Energy Citizens –Shift from energy consumer to energy producer!

2. 시민들에게 다양한 선택지 제시

• Plan to increase the total number of households affected to 32,000 by 2017 (cumulative figure) • Operate a cooperative to install solar panels • Include this initiative into energy policy by Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

Idea of Mini Solar PV – PV Electronics

Expansion of PV installations

21,823 places / 25,200kW (as of Dec. 2016)

Expand PV installation subsidies

(households → all buildings including public buildings)

PR : PV panels on display, pilot PV installation etc.

< Official Solar Map Website > < Lotte Hi-mart Outlet > < Street Vendors >

Build PV landmarks to raise public awareness

<PV on bus stations> < PV on soundproof walls > <Hybrid Security Lights>

16

Public

Buildings

50.4MW

Schools

18.0

Private

Buildings

33.8 Micro PV

32.7

17

Solar Power Capacity of 135MW

Encourage Private Sector Solar Power Generation

- Preferential interest rate : down to 1.45% by

0.3%, compared to 1.75% before Feb. 2016

- Rent Public Spaces to Solar PV Co-ops

(‘03.1 ~ ’17.9)

(847) (374) (1,069) (37,542)

Expansion of PV installations

Cut the avg. energy consumption of energy independent villages by 8.5%

88 Energy

Independent

Villages 25New villages in 2017

‘Increase the number of Energy Supermarkets (13 new stores)

Run ‘Renewable Energy Tour Program’

Disseminate Energy Independent Village Design Manual Bang-a Gol

Dodeuul Byul Village

Raemian Aruemsoop

Gingorang Village

Shipjasung Village

Hansol Solpark

Sangol Village

Ssangyong Platinum Noble

Seongdaegol Village

Saejaemi Village

18

Energy Independent Villages,

living examples of Seoul’s Energy Policies

Songpa-gu Guyeo Apartment

Shipjasung Village

LED 등교체

Sangol Village

77.5%가 단독주택이자 20년 이상 노후비율 89%, 에너지빈곤층이 다수, 3000명 시민 에너지절약→ 미니태양광 기부(10kW),

쿨루프 한지붕 5가구 미니태양광연결

골목길과 담장수리 단열 창호교체

Seongdaegol Village

• 성대골 에너지자립마을 2011년 절전소 운동시작, 마을닷살림 협동조합 결성, 성대골 에너지슈퍼마켙 국사봉중학교 태양광발전협동조합 구성 동작신협과 우리집솔라론 개발 태양광 DIY 신제품 개발과 미니태양광 마을백업센터 구축 상도 4동 전체 어린이집 태양광 인형극과 태양광 발전기 설치 성대시장 태양광 +ESS 연계 스마트 그리드 사업 추진

FG1

동작신협과

우리집솔라론 개발

FG2

태양광 DIY 신제품

개발과

미니태양광 마을백업

센터 구축

FG3

상도 4동 전체 어린이

집 태양광 인형극과

태양광 발전기 설치

Seongdaegol Village – Living Lab

Seoul Energy Welfare Civic Fund

W I S E elfare s haring nergy

Civic-led Sustainable Fund

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

'15 '16 '17 '18 '19~'20

기금모금

Fund Raising Target by 2020

USD

2.65 million

USD

1.5 million

USD

972,591 USD

530,503 USD

176,835 (

Civic

Participation Managed

by Citizens Sustainable

Fund

Fund Raising Fund Management

‘Secretariat’

‘Decision-making Body’

‘Volunteer Group’ +

+

Allocation • Administration

Raise funds in ways that spend

profits from energy generation,

efficiency and saving in improving

energy welfare for the poor

Promote energy saving by the

poor by offering micro-PV panels,

LED bulbs, and BRP services

instead of monetary support

Provisions for the energy-poor will

be done under the current system,

Fund allocation will be expanded to

include those who have been

neglected under the present system.

,

Fund Expansion

Citizens take the rein in mobilization,

management and administration of the fund

Raise funds in ways that spend profits

from energy generation, efficiency and saving

to improve welfare for the poor

Fund Raising

24

Establishment of Seoul Energy Corporation

dedicated to implementation of Seoul’s energy polices

Decision on

establishment (a TF was set up)

July 2015

Feasibility Study October 2015

Deliberation February to May 2016

Ordinance revisions July 2016

Registration of incorporation

November 2016

Launch of Energy Corporation February 2017

Feasibility Study on Establishment of Seoul Energy Corporation

(between Oct. 2015 and Jan. 2016)

- Base data to prepare for the launching process of SEC

e.g.) public hearings, establishment review committee

- Feasibility Study as a local public corporation

e.g.) residents’ welfare, impact on local economy, profitability

- Implement energy & environmental policies and projects under One Less Nuclear Power Plant

- Respond to emerging demands such as carbon trading scheme, energy welfare etc.

Roles and Duties of Seoul Energy Corporation

Seoul Energy Corporation

25

Achievements of OLNPP

출처: 서울시 원전하나줄이기 백서(2017)

Electricity energy self-reliance rate as of 2015 5.5% increased

Development of city energy transition model with citizens’ strong engagement

Achievements of OLNPP – Energy Citizenship

출처: 서울시 원전하나줄이기 백서(2017)

“서울에 태양을 입히다”

태양광

1백만 가구 가용 공공부지

100% 설치 신성장동력

태양광 산업화 제도개선과

시민참여 확대

태양광 설비용량

태양광 참여가구

태양광 발전비율

원전 1기 설비용량 1GW 서울시 3가구 중 1가구 1̀6년 태양광 발전비율의 10배

28

29

아파트, 주택, 건물 태양광 100만 가구 보급

가용 공공부지 태양광 100% 보급

태양광 랜드마크 조성

시민이 설치하고, 이익을 공유하는 시민참여형 태양광

R&D, 벤처투자로 태양광 산업육성

마곡지구, 도시재생지역 태양광 특화지구 조성

서울에너지공사 주도 태양광 확산 기반 조성

30

1 ) 베란다형 미니발전소 보급 : 63만 가구

1. 태양광 1백만 가구 보급

신축 : 설계단계부터 미니발전소 의무화 추진

기존 : 세대별 → 세대+단지별 보급으로 확대

· SH공사 신축 아파트부터(̀ 18년~)

· 향후 LH∙민간 신축 아파트로 확대

· 공동주택 외벽 돌출물 설치규제 완화 추진

· 개인/단체 DIY 제품 개발·보급(서울에너지공사)

· 아파트형 에너지자립마을 육성을 통한 단체보급

· 아파트경비실 등 에너지소외계층 미니발전소 설치 지원

베란다 63만

주택형 15만

건물형 22만

100만 가구

16

28

46

71

110 162

247

382

551

`18 `19 `20 `21 `22

누적가구수

(만가구)

누적용량

(MW)

(MW)

100 (만가구)

31

2 ) 주택형 미니발전소 : 15만 가구

1. 태양광 1백만 가구 보급

주택 옥상 태양광 설치 지원 다양화

· ̀18년부터 정부 지원 선착순 마감 후에도 시비 단독지원

· 주택 옥상 물탱크 철거가구(27천호) 우선 보급

도시재생사업 집수리 연계, 태양광 주택 특화마을 조성

3 ) 건물형 미니발전소 : 22만 가구

기존 건물 태양광 설치비 보조금 지원

신축 시 일정비율 이상 태양광 설치 의무화

태양광 하부 조경공간을 법정 조경면적 인정

에너지다소비건물 에너지소비량 증가시 태양광 설치 의무화

31

서울특별시인재개발원 주차장>>

2. 가용 공공부지 태양광 100% 보급

공공 건물∙시설∙부지에 태양광 243MW 보급

민자사업으로 우선 추진, 잔여부지 재정투자

· 중/소규모 우수 부지는 클라우드 펀드/시민펀드 추진

신기술/디자인/안전성을 모두 고려, 경제적이고 심미적인 태양광 설치

지역 에너지협동조합 등 시민참여로 지역기반 태양광 생태계 조성

243MW 공공건물 87.5 학교 71.6

철도시설 26

상수도 22.4

( 단위: MW ) 교통 16.8

물재생 8. 2

하천·공원 6.7 복지 2

도로·교량 2.3

32

2. 가용 공공부지 태양광 100% 보급

공공 건물∙시설∙부지에 태양광 243MW 보급

협동조합 추진 에너지 기업 추진

클라우드 펀드 추진 시민펀드 추진

노원구청 주차장 (30kW) 중랑물재생센터 (700kW)

양천햇빛공유발전소 (95kW) 개화차량기지 (990kW) 33

서울시와 충청남도의 에너지분권을 위한 노력

• 2017년 6월 5일 원전하나줄이기 5주년 기념 당진-수원시장 참여, 탈핵-탈석탄-100% 재생가능에너지 선언

• 원전하나줄이기 정책 전국화 방안 5대 광역시 사용량의 24% 달성 시 원전 3기 대체 효과

전국으로 확대해 사용량의 13.3% 달성 시 원전 14기 대체효과

• 2017년 10월 24일 충남 탈석탄 석탄화력발전소의 사회적 수명 결정권한을 지자체가 갖자.

충청남도는 에너지시민과 에너지신산업을 육성하겠다. 충남도민과 함께 에너지비전 2050

친환경에너지전환 기금을 마련해 지자체의 에너지전환 지원

충청남도가 탈석탄 지자체 네트워크 구축을 제안한다.

지자체 비전 목표

서울시(2015)

에너지 살림도시, 서울 2020년까지 원전 2기 대체

2035년 최종에너지 생산・저감량 2005년 대비 530만 TOE, 전력자립률 35%, 온실가스 2,150만 톤 CO2 감축, 신재생에너지 이용률 2035년까지 16%

경기도(2015)

경기도 에너지비전 2030 2030년까지 노후원전 7기 대체

에너지 효율 20%, 신재생에너지 생산 20%, 2030년까지 전력자립도 70%(‘13년 기준 29.6%)

충청남도(2015)

도민과 함께 하는 청정·행복·희망 에너지

2020년 석탄발전소 3.3기 대체

2020년까지 15,859천TOE 절감, 신재생에너지 생산량 2,287TOE 에너지 자립 100% 달성

제주도(2012)

카본프리 아일랜드 2030 2020년까지 신재생에너지 50% 대체, 2030년까지 전력사용량100% 신재생에너지로 대체

• 2012년 탈핵에너지전환도시선언 (노원구 주도 46개 지자체 참여) • 2012년 서울시 원전하나줄이기 • 2015년 지역에너지 전환을 위한 공동선언 (서울시-경기도-충청남도-제주도) • 2016년 에너지 전환을 위한 지방정부협의회 (25개 기초지자체) : 회장 경기 안산시장, 부회장 노원구청장, 사무총장 사무국 당진시

에너지분권을 위한 지역에너지선언

3차 에너지기본계획 수립에 지역에너지 계획 반영

서울시 2020년 20% 태양도시 선언

서울에너지공사

경기 2030년 70% 지역에너지센터

안산시 에너지비전 2030

클린에너지시티 부산 재생에너지 보급 30% 부산에너지공사(준)

충남 탈석탄 비전 2050 지역에너지센터(준)

대구 2030년 전력자립 100% 신재생에너지 보급 20%

카본프리아일랜드 제주 2030년 100% 재생에너지

제주에너지공사

Distributed Energy System

100% 재생가능에너지 지역 네트워크

태양도시를 위한 시민참여 기획 – 태양광 분데스리거

The U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon is a collegiate competition of 10 contests that challenge student teams to design and build full-size, solar-powered houses. The winner of the competition is the team that best blends design excellence and smart energy production with innovation, market potential, and energy and water efficiency.

태양도시를 위한 시민참여 기획 – SOLAR DECATHLON

• Successful implementation of demand control policy at local government level

• Development of energy policy and enhancement of relevant systems at local government level

• Emergence and growth of Energy Citizens – Energy self-sufficient village, Energy community and Shift from energy consumer to energy producer!

• Development of city energy transition model with citizens’ strong engagement

• Expansion of resources for energy transition; Energy Dream Center, Innovation Park and Seoul Energy Corporation

• Implementation of energy governance and establishment of executive committee for One Less Nuclear Power Plant initiative

42

Achievements of OLNPP

1. Development of a new energy policy framework and reorganization of government structure Radical energy transition policy: Enactment of Energy Transition Basic Law and establishment of Energy Transition Committee (tentative title) to develop and implement the energy transition framework

2. Decentralized energy management: Transfer of authority & resources to local government Expand the authority of local governments’ heads and hand over power and resources to local governments so that they can exert substantive power and take responsibility

3. Reorganization of electricity industry structure based on strong engagement of citizens and local governments Decentralize energy trading market to grow energy transition economy

4. Issue communication and system improvement through central - local governments council on energy

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System Enhancement Needs for Local Energy Transition

1. Implement decentralization of energy management through cooperation between central and local governments, and enhance energy management systems Identify and propose tasks to improve the central government’s energy policies and systems in order to bring about tangible changes in the movement towards phase-out of nuclear power and coal power. Ensure that local governments engage in the central government’s development of national energy policy, and facilitate the creation of a consultative body on energy issues between the central government and local governments.

2. Develop services to enhance energy efficiency and grow industries and job opportunities in renewable energy sector Discover and support services and technologies designed to enhance energy efficiency in the sectors such as urban planning, lighting, air conditioning and mobility in order to build a low energy consuming society. The new administration places policy priority on Job Creation and Urban Regeneration. Ensure that Seoul Metropolitan Government develop and incorporate an energy plan in its implementation of urban regeneration initiative, and present its vision for job creation in urban energy sector.

3. Nurture and support energy citizens who have acquired a high awareness of energy issues through One Less Nuclear Power Plant policy Build local energy centers along with self-governing districts, in which energy citizens engage in energy-related activities and enjoy energy services. Ensure that citizens’ awareness and practice of energy transition result in their economic gains so that energy transition efforts will continue.

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Seoul Metropolitan Government's Energy Policy Tasks

2022 Seoul

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