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Achim Stahl, RWTH Aachen KET Strategie-Workshop 2010Dortmund
Two frequencies:
Δm12
→ L0/E ≈ 30.000 km/GeV
Δm13
≈ Δm23
→ L0/E ≈ 1.000 km/GeV
Atmospheric Solar Neutrinos Reactor-NeutrinosAccelerator-
HomestakeKamiokandeGallexSageSNOBorexino
Super-KMacro
Δmsolar
Δmatm
ChoozDoubleChoozDaya bayReno
KamLand
Δmsolar
Δmatm
ChorusNomadKarmenLSNDMiniBoone
K2KMinosOperaT2KNoa
short Lno sig. (?)
long LΔm
atm
Solar Neutrinos
Atmospheric ν Reactor ν, θ13 LSND effect
oscillation observed Homestake GALLEX Super-K
confirmed KAMLAND SNO
disappearance of νe
oscillation observed Super-K MACRO
confirmed K2K MINOS
disappearance of νμ
no observation yet
intensive search DoubleChooz Daya Bay RENO disappearance of νe
T2K appearance of νe
observed ? LSND
contradicted by KARMEN MiniBOONEnew Exp CERN-PS?
disappearance of νμ
Fits from: Thomas Schwetz
Global Fit (Th. Schwetz) MINOS: e appearance
35 events; 27 ± 5 ± 2 background
νe
νμ
ντ
Offene Fragen:Wie groß ist θ
13 ?
Genaue Messung θ23: maximal ?
Absolute Massen ?
Welche Hierarchie ?
Majorana or Dirac neutrinos ?
CP-violation ?
Stimmt das Modell ?(Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Skata Matrix)
MINOS / NuMI FermiLab → Soudan (800 km)
p+ from Main Injectortunable, braodband beam
TASD @ Soudan mine
Future Project: NoaFermiLab → Ash River (810 km)
p+ from Main Injectoroff-axis beam
TASD @ Ash river mine
start in 2013
Kamioka Tokai
T2KJPARC 50 GeV p+ synchrotron
first run: 400 kWdesign phase 1: 750 kW
design phase 2: 2 MW off-axis beam
DetectorsSuper-K + ND280Upgrade: Intermediate detector ?
Future upgrade: Hyper-K ???
295 km
ND280: mainly europeanGermany: Aachen
Target
Started in 2009, first results soon
CERN Gran Sasso
732 km
CNGSp+ from SPSbroad band, high energy
OPERASpectrometer with emulsion bricks (1.25 kt)German participation: Hamburg
Münster Rostock
Running: 2008 - 2012
First event 0.54 expected
0.045 ± 0.02 background
Testing the discrete symmetries with neutrinos
CPCP
CPCPtau-neutrinos: no practical beam-source
eeee
CPCP
CPCP
TT TT
lefthanded righthandedCP-TEST:e → / e →
T-TEST:e → / → e
CPT-TEST:e → / → e
Examples
ConventionalConventionalNeutrino-BeamNeutrino-Beam
Neutrino-Neutrino-FactoryFactory
Beta-BeamsBeta-Beams
→
→
→ e+ e
→ e- e
Z→ Z-1 e+ e
Z→ Z+1 e- e
some e background
up to ~ 10 GeV
technologically sound
Limitations:- background- target
pure beamneeds magnetic detectorwide energy range
technological challenge- production & capture- fast acceleration
Limitations:- power for production
pure beamonly e
MeV … a few GeV
technological challenge- ion production- radiation on magnets
Limitations:- production of ions
CP-Violation okay CP-Violation okay
boost
*E*
Event rate in your detector (fixed number of decays in the ring; detector at optimal baseline)
Dependance on
Dependance on E*
Opening angle ~ 1/ flux at fixed distance ~ 2
Elab
~ optimal Baseline ~ flux at detector ~ 1/2
Elab
~ cross section ~
Opening angle independent of E*
Elab
~ E* optimal baseline ~ E* flux at detector ~ 1/E*2
Elab
~ E* cross section ~ E*
~
~ 1/E*
Nu-Fact: E* 0...105 MeVBeta-Beam: E* typ. 1 MeV
•Piero Zucchelli Phys.Lett. B532:166, 2002•http://beta-beam.web.cern.ch/beta-beam
Isotopes:6He / 18Ne ~ 1 sec, Q ~ 3.5 MeV8Li / 8B ~ 1 sec, Q ~ 13 MeV
FP-7 Design Study: EUROnuWorkpackage on Beta-Beamshttps://espace.cern.ch/betanu/default.aspx
Main Challenge: Ion ProductionMain Challenge: Ion ProductionExample: 6He
Idea by T. Hirsch/M. Hass Weizmann
Ionisation Bunching Linac
SARAF @ Soreq NRC: 40 MeV d-Beam 2 mA
Substantial R&D for all Isotopes- beam optics of source- extraction of isotopes from target- transfer to ECR source- ionisation efficiency
Help from Nucl. Phys. Community
- 5 0
0
5 0
- 5 0 0 5 0
+
+-
-
Challenge: Open Midplane DipolsChallenge: Open Midplane DipolsProblem: daughter ions hit dipols in midplane
→ energy deposition → heating
R&D for high-field dipols (Nb3Sn)
With D-LHC and ITER
TC
Bmax
NbTi 9.2 K 12 T
Nb3Sn 18.3 K 22 TLHC: NbTi 8.4 T @ 1.8 K
But: difficult to make Nb3Sn wires
Large international effort35 institutesGermany: MPI Heidelberg
Experimental Effort:MICE – Rutherford → cooling
MuCOOL Test Area FermiLab → cooling
EMMA – Daresbury → FFAG
FETS – Rutherford → proton driver
MERIT – CERN → target
Example: FermiLab Concept:
Technological Challenge: 6D Cooling
Concept exists,
MC Simulations okay,
prototyping under way (MuCOOL),
but many technical questions remain
15 m
15
m
150 m
Water Čerenkov(MEMPHYS)
~ 500 kT
Emin > 10 MeVrestr. information
known technology
challenge:huge caverns
Totally Active Scintillator Det.
~ 25 kT
Emin > 10 MeVrestr. information
known technology
challenge:mass production
Liquid Scintillator(LENA)
~ 50 kT
Emin ~ 500 keVmed. information
known technology
challenge:big cavern
Liquid Argon TPC(GLACIER)
~ 100 kT
Emin ~ 10 MeVmax. information
new technology
to be proven
Phyäsalmi Mine
450 km north of Helsinki~4000 m.w.e
proven technologybroad physics program
Proton Decayp+ → K+ > 4 1034 years
Super Nova Detectionglactic center (10 kpc): 15.000
Diffuse Super Nova Background2 … 20 per year
Geo-Neutrinos~ 3000 year → undestand heat release
» & geo chemistryonly possible with LENA
Solar Neutrinos~ 5000 / day (helio seismology)
Atmospheric Neutrinosgood statistics, promising
CP-Violation (with beam)covers ~80% of parameter space
Physics with LENAPhysics with LENA
Diffuse SNBackground
p+ → K+
K+ → K+ →
Neutrino Revolution during the last decade !More to come ?
Several interesting new projectsnot yet clear where to goopen the path to all projects with R&D
LENA is getting ready for first stepsGet involved !
Super-K water Cerencov 50 ktNova TASD 15 ktLENA scintillator 50 kTMINOS TASDOPERA emulsion 1,25 ktDoubleChooz ScintillatorGlacier LAr TPC 100 kTMemphis Water Cerenkov 500 kT