1

Þ tcsp fausmi f ; ß

tcef;(1)

Þ uvif- -uvif- -uvif ß

aehvnfyd ki f;xrif;pm;cs de f ausmif;v$wfacgif;avmif;wD;oHay:vm

_yD ;aemuf| (9)wef;(at)xJr S ausmif ;olausmif ;om;rsm; w@ke f ;@ ke f ;

xGufvmjuonf?

oi f ;oi f ; _zLonf t_cm;aomausmi f ;o lausmi f ;om;r sm ;E Si f h

a7maESmum pmoifcef;xJrSxGufvm7if;| 0if;pd k;ESif hwefcsif;wdk hESpfa<mufudk

rsufa_c_ywfroGm;7atmif rodromvSrf;junfhIaeonf?

oif;oif;_zLonf touf(15)ESpfcef h@S daom _rdwfolrav;_zpfonf?

7efukef@ S dta':wa<muftdrfwGif vmaexdki fv#uf| Tausmif;Yud k;wef;

wufaeonf? t7yf(5)ay(4)vufrcefh_rifhonf? toufi<fao;aomfvnf;

udk<fvHk;ud k<fxnfuawmh tawmfyifzG H h _zdK;tcsdK;usae_yD? 7iftH kxGm;xGm;|

wi fq H kum;um; | ay gi fv H k ;ay gi fwe fr sm ; wkwfw kw f _z d K ; _z d K ;@ S donf ?

yi fu d k< f@ k y f 7n fav;v SyI _yi fww fqi fww f0w fpm ;ww fon f ?

2

_r dwfolrav;yDyD tom;t7nf_zL0if;pd ka_yonf? _rdwfoH0J0JE Si f h pum;

a_ymyH kav;uvnf; cspfp7maumif;onf? _zwfvwf7Jwif;um pyfpkwwf

onf? tysdKaygufrdef;uav;rsm;>xHk;pHtwdkif; zd krtrSKESif humrudpPrsm;udk

odcsifp dwfu tawmfrsm;onf? xd kudpPrsm;ESi f hywfoufI t7rf;ud kpyfpk

avh@S donf? udk<fwdkif7nf;pm;rxm;zl;ao;aomfvnf; (xm;junfhzd k huawmh

pdwful;@S daeygonf?) t_cm;aomorD;7nf;pm;pH kwG Jrsm;tajumif;a_ym7rnf

qd kv#if ('grSr[kwf olrsm;a_ymwmem;axmif7rnfqd kv#if) xrif;arh

[if;arhyif_zpfwwfonf?

<ckESpf7ufoHk;7ufavmuftwGif; 0if;pd k;ESif hwefcsif;wd k hESpfa<muf

aehvnfxrif;pm;cs de fqd kv#if ukwfacsmif;ukwfacsmif;ESif hxGufoGm;juum|

wpH kw7mvkyfaeaomta_ctaers d K ;@ S daeonfud k oif;oif;_zLpdwf0ifpm;

aeonf? onfE Sp faumif bmawGv# d K hv# d K h0 Suf0 Sufvky faejuonfud k

pyfpyfp kp kodcsi faeonf?

0if;rd k ;ESif hwefcsif;wd k honf oif;oif;_zLESif houfwl@G<fwltwef;wl

ausmi f ;om;r sm ; _zp f juonf? tDjumauG ;yrm E Sp fa<mufwwG Jw G J

t_r Jv d kv d k @ S d aewwfjuonf? olw d k h E Sp fa<muf>toGi ft_yi fa7m |

taetxm;awGuawmh vHk;0qef husifbuf?

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wefcsif;u w@kwfu_ym;? olaX;om;? tom;_zL_zL| t7yf_rif h_rif h

@ ky f7nfuvnf; <aehemrnfausmfvljudKufrsm;aeaom armf'<fbG d Ki f ;

wa<mufESif h tawmfwlonf? wefcsif;uvnf; xdkarmf'<fbdGKif;0wfaom

t0wftpm;rs d K ;0wfum qHyifyH kp Hvnf;twlxm;I trlt7mta_ymtqdk

wd k hud kyg wlatmiftwkcd k ;vkyfaqmifaeonf? aiG@$ifonf? aumif;aumif;

oH k ; _zKe f ;E d li fonf? pmawmh nH honf? od k haomf pmar;yG Jusavhr@S d ?

trSwfaumif;aumif;awGyif 7aewwfonf?

0i f ; r d k ;uawm h tnmom ; ? tom ;uvnf ; r Jv Son f ?

Øoydwfa7mifxaeaomtom;ta7× [laomta7;tom;rsdK;udk 0wÔKxJwGif

oif;oif;_zLzwfzl;onf? onfvk dtom;ta7rs d K ; t_yifrSmwu<fr@S dE d li f?

wifpm;um a7;om;xm;onf[k <cifuxifcJ honf? <ck0if;rd k ;ud kawG hr S

wifpm;um pdwful;_zif ha7;om;xm;_cif;r[kwfyJ wu<f@S dajumif;ud k

<H kjunfvufcHoGm;7onf? t7yfuvnf; ykuGuGESi f h~ifwd kwd k | @kyf7nf

uawmh odyfrqd k;yg? od k haomf tom;rnf;eufaeum t7yfuvnf;

ykuGuGrd k h t@kyfqd k ;ovdkxifae7avonf? _yD;awmh aqGrJ hrs d K ;r J h | rdbrJ h |

waumifjuGuf? ausmif;aewmawmifrS apwem@Sifwpk>ulnDaxmufyH h

rSK_zifh ae7_cif;_zpfonf? ausmif;rSq7mwa<muf_zpfaom q7mudkpd k;armif

>t dr fce f ;w Gi f uy f7y fumae7onf ? 0i f ;r d k ;on f tawm fav;

Om^faumif;um pmawmhawmfonf? abmvHk;tuefvnf; aumif;onf?

4

q7mudkpd k ;armifu oif;oif;_zLwd k hausmif;rSm t~Fvdyfpm_yonf?

tdrfaxmifr@S d? wudk<fwnf;vlysdKjuD;? touf(30)cefh| tom;vwfvwf|

t7yf_rif h _rif h | udk<fvH k;ud k<fxnf ydefyde foG<foG<fESif h uspfvpfIoefrm

onf? @kyf7nftoifhtwifh@Sdonf? ausmif;em;@Sd7yfuGufxJwGif tdrfcef;iSm;I

aexd ki fonf? 0if;rd k ;u udkpd k ;armifud kulnDvkyfud ki fay;um twlaexd ki f

onf?

oif ;oif ; _zLwd k hausmi f ;wGi f q7mqd kI q7mud kp d k ;armi fE Si f h

q7mOD;b0if;wd k hE Sp fa<mufom@S donf? usefwmawGuawmh q7mrawG?

tys d Kq7mrawGuvnf; tawmfud krsm;onf? q7mOD;b0if;u yifpif<l

umeD; vufa[mif;q7mtd kjuD;? om;orD;awGyifru| a_r;_rpfawGyif

@S dae_yD? vlysdKvlvGwf_zpfaomq7mudkpd k;armifudk tysdKq7mrwa<mufESif h

tqifa_yoGm;apvd konf hqEN ausmif;olausmif;om;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;|

(q7mrtcs d K htygt0if)wGif @S daejuonf? 'Dvd kudpPrs d K ;wGif pyfpkum

0goemygaomoif;oif;_zLqd kv#if udk<fwd ki fyifatmifoG<fay;csifvd konfh

p dwfqENawGyif@ S daeonf?

wefcsif;wd k hO D ;av;>c<frwa<muf| ausmif;wGifq7mrvkyfae

onf? q7m_zpfoifausmif;rS qif;vmump| toufi<fi<f| _zL_zL

acsmacsm_zpfonf? emrnfuvnf; cspfp7m? cifarmf@Sr f;wJ h? (rl7if;

5

w@kwfemrnf vifarmf@Sr f;ud k teD;pyfqH k ;toH<lum _refrmemrnfrS J hxm;

_cif;_zpfonf?) 0if;rd k ;ESif hwefcsif;wd k hESpfa<muf judwfjudwfjudwfjudwf

vSKyf@Sm;aejuonfrSm q7mudkpd k;armifESif h q7mrcifarmf@Srf;wdk hESpfa<muf

eD;pyfzd k hrsm;_zpfavrnfvm;[k oif;oif;_zLxifrdonf? taotcsmod7atmif

onfae hawm h we fc si f ;w d k h E S p f a<mufaemufu d kw dw fw dw fv d ku fum

acsmif;a_rmif;pH kprf;junfhrnf[k oif;oif;_zLpdwful;xm;onf?

wefcsif;ESif h0if;rd k;wdk hESpfa<muf ra<mifrvnfESif h ausmif;pmjunfh

wd kufbufod k hoGm;aeju7m| oif;oif;_zLvnf; aemufrSwdwfwqdwfav;

vd ku foGm;onf? ausmi f ;pmjunf hwd ku fonf ausmi f ;tay:qH k ;xy f

axmif hem;wGif@S donf? (oif;oif;_zLwd k hausmif;u oHk;xyftaqmuftOD;

_zpf_y D; oif;oif;_zLwd k hpmoifcef;uawmh tv<fxyfaxmif hp Ge f ;em;rSm

@S donf?) pmjunfhwd kufzGi f honfhtcs de fr[kwfv#if xd kae7monf vlol

_ywfaewwfonf? ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;a7m| q7mq7mrrsm;yg

oGm;avhr@ S d ju? pmjunf hwd kuftcs de fr Smawmh vlolrsm; _ym;pnfum;

ae_rJyg?

ydwfxm;aompmjunfhwd kufwHcg;em;@S d cke fwef;@Snfwck (pmzwf

Ed lif7efcsxm;onfhae7m)axmif hem;wGif wefcsif;ESif h0if;rd k;wd k hxd kifaejuonf

ud k oif;oif;_zLvSrf;_rif7onf?

6

oif;oif;_zLonf tcef;axmif hem;wGifuyfum tomacsmif;junfh

aeonf? 0if ;r d k ;u cg;jum;xJr S pmtky fcy fy g ;y g ;wtky fxkwf<lum

ESpfa<mufom; acgif;csif;qdkifIzwf@SKaejuonfudk oif;oif;_zL_rif7onf?

bmpmtkyfr Se f ;awmh oif;oif;_zLrod? wefcsi f;wd k hE Sp fa<muf tvGef

pdwf0ifpm;pGmzwf@S Kaeonfud kawmh taotcsmyifodae7onf?

onfawmh oif;oif;_zLodcsifp dwfwd k h @Gpdwd k ;vmonf? tom

a_cazg heif;um aumifav;ESpfa<muf@S d7mod k h _znf;_znf;csif;csOf;uyfoGm;

onf? wefcsif;wd k huawmh oif;oif;_zLvmaeonfud k owdr_yKrdju?

pmtkyfyg;yg;av;udkom pdwf0ifwpm;zwf@SKaeonf? aumifav;ESpfa<muf

>aemufbufem;od k h oif;oif;_zLa7mufoGm;onf? olwd k hzwfaejuaom

pmtkyfud k tomvSrf;junfhonf? pmtkyfxJrSpmrsm;ud kawmh xif@Sm;pGm

r_rif7yg? pdwfr@SnfEd li fawmhonfhtwGuf oif;oif;_zLonf wefcsif;ESi f h

0if;rd k ;wd k hzwfaejuaompmtkyfyg;yg;av;ud k qwfueJvSrf;<lvd kufonf?

onfvd krs d K ;tvkcH7rnf[k aumifav;ESpfa<mufu vHk;0rxifxm;onfh

twGuf aumif;aumif;tid kufrdoGm;juonf? pmtkyfav;u oif;oif;

_zL>vufxJygvmonf?

Þ a[h- -a[h igwd k hpmtkyf _yefay;- - ß

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@kwfw7ufai;ajumifae_yD; pmtkyftvkcHvd kuf7awmhrS _yefowd

0ifvmaom0if;r d k ;u a_yma_ymqd kqd k | oif;oif;_zLvufxJygoGm;aom

pmtkyfud k twif;vd kufvkonf? oif;oif;_zLu pmtkyfud kvufvGwfrcHyJ

v Sp fue Jx Gu fa _y ;onf? 0i f ;r d k ;uvnf ; twif ;r7ruvd ku fv k7m

vlc si f ;y l ;uy fr do Gm ;onf? pmtky fvSr f ;vkaom0i f ;r d k ;>nmvufonf

r7nf@G<fygyJESi f h oif;oif;_zL>b<fbufEd k htH kud k ud ki fr donf? qGJ!Spf

r donf?

Þ td k;- - ß

Þ [m- - ß

7nf;pm;yifrxm;zl;ao;yJ <ifzd kr Sroef;7ao;onfh tys d Krav;

oif;oif;_zLrSm _zdK;_zd K;zG H hz G H ha@$7iftH kud k yxrqHk;txdtudki f | tqkyftqGJ

cH7onfhtwGuf wudk<fvHk;ylxlzdef;@S def;um yg;pyfrSvnf; tmarãdwfoHav;

xGufoGm;onf?

0if;rd k ;r Smvnf; <ckwd ki f 7nf;pm;r@S dao;? qef husifbufvdif

trsd K;orD;rsm;ESif hvnf; xdawGhrSKr@S dbl;aomvlys d K@k di f;av;wa<muf_zpf7m

tysdKaoG;wufump EkxGwfwif;rmql_zdK;avaom Ed k htH kom;vHk;vH k;tdtdud k

8

rdr d77qky fud ki fr daomtcg "gwfvd kufc H7ovd k wke f7i fvS Ky fcgoGm;um

oif;oif;_zLenf;wlyif a<mif<rf;a7@Gwfrdonf?

oif ;oif ; _zLu tys d K@ k di f ;p dwf _zi f h 0i f ;r d k ;>vufud kqwfueJ

wGef;ykwfz<fypfonf? 0if;rd k ;r Smvnf; 7ifcke fp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;wkefvSKyfae7m

vufudk tvefhwjum;yif_yef@kwfonf? aumifrav;u 0if;rd k ;>vufudk

w Ge f ;z<fyp f _y D ; @ Suf@ SufE Si f hwtm;p Gwfa_y;xGufoGm ;onf? 0i f ;r d k ;

bmvkyf7rnfrSe f;rod? ai;ajumifajumifjuD;_zpfum usefaecJ honf?

wefcsif;u oif;oif;_zLudk twif;0ifzrf;csKyfonf? rdef;uav;u

t7rf;pGwfxGufa_y;oGm;onf_zpf7m rxifrSwfyJ oif;oif_zL>aemufrS

trdt7od ki f;zufrdonf? xd kod k hod ki f ;zuftrdwGif wefcsif;0wfxm;aom

ausmi f ;p dr f ;y kqd k ;atmuf aygi f7i f ;c GqH kwGi f xd k ;xd k ;axmifaxmifE Si f h

rwfawmifaeavaomvdifwefonf aumifrav;>vHk;tdaomzifqHkjuD;udk

axmufrdonf? axmufrdwmrS zifom;_crf;ESpfcktjum; ziftuGJae7mudk

ususeexdrdaxmufrdum| apmufywfae7mav;qDodk h rxdcvkwfxdcvkwf

_zpfaeao;onf? ESpfa<mufvH k; wkefcgoGm;juonf? wefcsif;rSmvnf;

'Dvd kxdawG hr S Krs d K ;rjuHKz l;ao;aom vlys d Kayguf_zpfonfhtwd ki f ; tdaxG;

avaomzi fom;txdtawG hajumi f h p dw fawGt7r f ;v S Ky f@ S m ;vmum|

okwf7nfrsm;yif xGufukefavawmhonf? oif;oif;_zLrSmvnf; juufoD;

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wzse f ;z se f ;xv#u f apmufyw fx Jr St7nf junfaw Gp dr f hIx Gu fum

pd kvmonf?

Þ z<f- -z<f- -z<fprf; ß

oif;oif; _zL apmapmuEd k htud ki fc H7r S Kxuf yd kIpdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;

7i fz d karmum toHus<fus<fE Si f ha _ymI twif ;@ ke f ;ue fxGufonf?

wefcsi f ;vnf; qufzufrxm;7J? uref;uwef;v$wfay;vd kuf7onf?

oif;oif;_zLonf ajumhuGif;rSvGwfaomorifrys d Kav;vd k w[kefxd k ;yif

v Gw fo Gm ;avawm honf ? pmt ky fy g ;av;uawm h olrvufxJw Gi f

ygoGm;c J hav_yD?

Þ uG d Ki fy JuGm- -pmtkyfygoGm;_yD? 'Dpmtkyf_yefr7yJ aysmufoGm;

7ifawmh ig htwGuf_y\emyJ? b<fvd kvkyfrvJ ß

0if;rd k ;u id kawmhrnf hrsufESmrs d K ;E Si f ha_ymonf?

we fc si f ;uvnf ; ye f ;x Gu fvmonf ho kw f7nfr sm ;p d k aeonf h

ykqd k ;a@S hy d ki f ;ud k zH k ;z H k ;z dz dvkyfvd kuf_yD;- -

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Þ olhqDu _yefawmif;ayg huG- - ß

Þ [m- -rif;uvJ? b<fvd kvkyf_yefawmif;7rSmvJuG ß

Þ olzwfjunfhyD;7if _yefvmay;rSmyg- - ß

Þ vkyf _ye f _y D? 'Dvd kpmtky frs d K ;ud k olursufESma_ymifa_ymife J h

vm_yefay;rSmvm;uG- - ß

Þ bmyJ_zpf_zpf| pmtkyfud kawmh olzwfrSmyJ? zwf_yD; zDvifawG

wufvm7if igwd k htwGuftuGufyJ? olhud kzefvd k hawmif 7rSmuG- - ß

Þ rif;u zefzd k hpOf;pm;ae? 'Dpmtkyf_yefrxm;Ed li f7if q7mpd k ;u

ig hud kt7ifqlrSmuG? ig b<fvd k@ Si f;7rvJ ß

q7mudkp d k ;armifonf umrrSKudpPwGifawmh tawmf0goemjuD;

onf? pdwfjudKufawGhaom t_ymyH kpmtkyfrsm;| t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrsm;ud k

0<f<lodrf;xm;avh@S donf? 0if;rd k ;onf q7mudkp d k ;armif>tdrfcef;wGif

twlaeum| a0<sm0pPrsm;udkulnDvkyfudkifay;ae7m| vGefcJ haomoHk;7ufu

ukdpd k ;armif0<fodrf;xm;onfh t_ympmtkyfrsm;ud kawGh7avonf? xdkt_ym

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0wÔ Kpmt ky fr s m ;x Jr S w7ufwtky fq d kovd k wdw fwqdwf< lvmI

wefcsif;ESif htwl judwfumcd k;zwfaeju7m| onfaehwGifawmh oif;oif;_zL

a7mufvmIvk<laomajumi f h t_ym0wÔ Kpmtky fy goGm ;c J h7avonf?

xd kt_ympmtkyf_yefrxm;Ed li fv#if rdrdcd k ;<lzwfaeajumif; q7mudkpd k ;armif

odoGm;_yD; qlyljudrf;armif; (t@k duftESufyifcH7Ed li fonf?) cH7rnfud k

0i f ;r d k ;uawG;um ajumufae@Smonf? twlaecGi f hray;y J tdr fce f ;r S

ESifcsv#if rdrdrSm aomif_yifv$wfonfhacG;vd k aep7myifaumif;aumif;r@S d |

' kuQa7muf7rnfud k awG;ylonf?

Þ qlr<f@kdufr<fqdkvnf; cHvdkufuGm? oif;oif;_zLudkzefvdk h7w<f

qd k7if q7mpd k ;qlwm@k dufwmcH7vnf; wefygw<fuG? ß

we fc si f ;uawm h i<fi<fac smac sm | awmi f h awmi f h _z d K ; _z d K ;

aumifrav;oif;oif;_zLud k7zd k h pdwftm;xufoefaeonf?

Þ qlwm@k dufwmqdk ta7;rjuD;bl;? ig hud k ol htdrfuESifcs7if

tcufuG ß

Þ 'Davmuftxdawmh vkyfr<frxifygbl;uGm? at; wu<fvd k h

q7mpd k ;u rif;ud koleJ htwlrae7bl;qd k7if bmrSryle J h? ig htdrfvmae ß

12

Þ rif; wu<fa_ymwmvm;- - ß

Þ wu<fyguG- - ß

wefcsi f ;wd k hvufr S twif;t"rRvk<lvmcJ haompmtky fxJwGi f

bmawGyg@S donfud k t7rf;odcsifaeaomoif;oif;_zLonf tdrfom@S d7mod k h

t_refoGm;onf? tdrfomcef;wckxJ0ifum wHcg;y dwfI pmtkyfud k

t_re fyi fzwf junf havawm honf? yxrpmr su fE S mpzwfr donfE Si f h

tys d Kaygufrav; 7ifawGpcke fvm7avawmhonf? pdwfawGvSKyf@ Sm;vm

7avawmhonf? umrZmwfvrf;wckud k yD_yifaomta7;tom;rsm;ESi f h

_c<frSKef;a7;om;xm;aom t_ym0wÔKwyk'f_zpfaeonfudk;? 0wÔKtrnfudku

Øusrwd k hE Sp fa<mufESi f h a<mufsm;av;a<muf× [lownf;?

t_ym0wÔK>tptzGif hu onfvd k- -

13

usremrn f arci fxm ;y g ? u srr S m t _r Jwr f ;w G J a ew J h

_roDwmatmifqdkwJh oli<fcsif;wa<muf@S dw<f? tif; usrwdk hESpfa<muf

ud k 7m~juG<f7rufxe f _y D ; umrr S Ku dp Pr Sm tvd kqE Nody f juD ;wJ h

rdef;r@k dif;av;awGvdk hqdk7ifvnf; usrwdk hr_iif;yJcHju7rSmyJ? [kwfw<fav?

usrwd k hom toufuom ESpfq<fausmfausmf@ S djuao;w<f? umrrSK

uawmh 0g7if htdrfaxmifonfrde f;rjuD;awGxufawmif yd kvd k huJjuw<f?

yd kvnf; pH kjuw<f?

usra7m| _roDwmatmifa7m| tdr faxmifrusjuao;ygbl;?

twnfwus7nf;pm;awGawmif r@S dbl;? tJ twlwG Jtdyf_zpfcJ hjuwJh |

@ Si f ;@ Si f ;a_ym77if vd k ; _zpfwJ ha<mufsm;om;awGuawmh renf;awmhbl;

ayg haem f? usrwd k hud k Øx×vGe f ;w<fqd k _y D ; r dbaqGrs d K ;awGuawmif

cy fa@ Smi fa@ Smi fvky fxm;juwm? usrwd k huvnf; ta7;rp d ku fy gbl ;?

pwdk;qdkifwckrSm vcaumif;aumif;eJ htvkyf0ifvkyf_yD; abmf'gaqmifwckrSm

tcef;iSm;aevd kufjuw<f? _yD;awmh pdwfjudKuf vdrf hcsi fovdkvdrf hayg h?

usrwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k; @kyfacsmjuw<f? udk<fvH k;ud k<fayguf

uvnf; awmifhw<f? a_zmif hw<fayghaemf? _yD;awmh a<musfm;om;awG7J h

t!Smudkvnf; aumif;aumif;odw<f? b<fvdktxmrsdK;udk b<fvdkae7m

rs d K ;r Sm_y7r<fqd kwmvnf; aumif;aumif;aemajuaejuwm? 'Dawm h

14

rsufpav;wcsuft0if h | wifyg;juD;wcsuft<rf;tvSKyfeJ h a<mufsm;om;

awGt_ywfusvmatmi f aumi f ;aumi f ;vky fE d li fwmayg h@ Si f ? ' Dawmh

usrwd k htwGuf ai Gvnf ;r@ Sm ;b l ; ? umrt7omc Hpm ;E d l i fz d k htwGuf

tdyfaz:vnf;r@Sm;bl;ayg h?

usru awmifjuD;ol? ytd k he J hye fc smy Dpy f? tom;_zLw<f?

qHyifausmv<favmuftxd t@Snfxm;w<f? ESKwfcrf;axmif hr Sm7<f|

Ed k htH kE Sp fc ktjum;rSm7<f rS J heufav;wckpD@S dw<f? usrud k wd kufwef;epf

Zmwfum;xJu rif;orD;udwf0if;pvufeJ hwlw<fvd k hawmh a_ymjuwmyJ?

[kwfvm;awmh rodbl;?

_roDwmatmifuawmh armif;awmbufu? ukvm;aoG;ygw<f?

'gayr<fh olhtom;u rrnf;bl;? tawmfvwfwm? _zLw<fvd k hawmif

a_ym7if7w<f? _roDwmatmifuawmh vnf~kwfaxmufqHyifwd kav;eJ h?

o l hb<fbufapmufywfE S Kw fcr f ;ay:r Sm teDa7mi ftr Swfwcky gw<f?

tJ'DtrSwfu uif;rD;aumufyH kvd krs d K ;? td k; a<mufsm;om;awGrqd kxm;eJ h?

usrpdwfxJrSmawmif teDrSwfav;ygwJ hol hapmufywfud k _rif77if tvdkvd k

z d karmvm7wm?

rjumcJhwJh7ufyk dif;twGif;u usrwdk habmf'gaqmifeJ hrvSrf;rurf;rSm

15

@S dwJh uefx@kdufwdkufjuD;7J htdrfcef;wckudk cyfa_zmif ha_zmif h | qGJaqmiftm;

aumif;wJh a<mufsm;wa<mufa_ymif;vmw<f? usrwdk hu a<mufsm;awG

tajumi f ; aumi f ;aumi f ;em ;vnfaejuwJ h r de f ;uav;awGav?

twltdy fz l ; | vd k ;z l ;aqmfz l ;wJ ha<mus fm;awGu enf;r Srenf;awmhwm?

'gajumif h ' Die Jud kp_ri fvd kufwmeJ h aumif ;aumif ;vd k ;E d li faqmfE d li f _y D ;

vD;vnf;juD;r<fhbJqd kwm csufcsif;odvd kufw<f? oleJ hvd k ;junfhcsifwJ h

qENawGuvnf; usrwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ;r Sm _zpfvmw<f? 'gajumif h

oleJ htodtuÈrf;_zpfatmif cyf7J7Jwif;wif;yJ vkyfypfvd kufjuwmayg h?

ol hemrnfu rif;csrf;omxdkufwJ h? yG Jpm;vkyfw<fqd kvm;yJ? usrwd k hu

ol htvky ftud k i fu d k p dw fr0i fpm ;v Swmajumi f h o dy frpy fp ky gb l ; ?

tJ'Dtdyfcef;rSm olwa<mufwnf;aew<fqdkwmudk od77ifyJ tuGufzefzd k h

c Gi fawGcsypfwmayg h?

ri f ;c sr f ;omxd kuf[m touf(25)E Sp favmuf@ S dw<f? @ky fu

awm fawm fa _zmi f hw<f ? ud k< fum<vnf ; ju H hc d k i foe fp Gr f ;w<f ?

ol hvufarmif;awGud kjunfh_yD; 'gjuD;awGeJ hayG hzufvd kuf7ifbmnmeJ hawG;rd

wmeJ h usrwd k h7ifodrf hc ke fae7w<fav? 'Daehawmh tvkyfydwf7uf_zpfwm

ajumi f h ri f ;c sr f ;omxd kufqDoGm; _y D ;t7ze fz d k h usre J h _roDwmatmi f

aoaocsmcsm0wfpm;_yifqifygawmhw<f- - ß

16

xdkaemuf _rif7olb0ifql7rufjuGapavmufonfh t0wftpm;

rsm;ud k a@G;cs<f0wfqifum oGm;a7mufjuyH k | rl<mrm<mtacsmhtÕrL

wd k hE Si f h a7vma_rmif;ay;vkyfjuyH krsm;ud k tao;pdwfa7;om;xm;onf?

oif;oif;_zLu trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufESif h rif;xd kufcsrf;omqdkoltcspfyvl;

juonfhtcef;ud kt7rf;zwfcsifaeI ausmfzwfvd kufonf?

usreJ h _roDwmatmif| b7mpD<meJ hyifwDyJusefatmif t0wfawG

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b<fhES<f? rdef;uav;awGbufu 'Davmufpay;wJh[m? b<fa<mufsm;

aeEd li fr SmwJ hvJ? junfhav? rif;csrf;omxd kufqd kwJ hvl usrxd ki faewJ h

xd ki fc ke fa@S hjurf;_yifay:rSm xd ki fcsvmw<f? usruvnf; !koHav;eJ h

wcpfcpf7<farm7if; aygifjuD;ESp facsmif;ud k _zJum;ay;vd kufw<f?

Þ tzkwf7ufcsifvm; ß

'Dvdkar;awmh ieJom;uacgif;ndwfvdkufwm| ykwfoif!dk@S H K;avmuf

w<f?

Þ vm- -7ufav- - ß

17

usru olapmufywfaumif;aumif;7ufvkd h7atmif twGif;cHyifwD

abmif;bDwd kav;udk qGJcÈwfcsay;rvdk hygyJ? 'gayr<fh rif;csrf;omxdkufwd k h

_refvd kufyH ku usr twGif;cHabmif;bDcÈwfcsay;zd k htcs de fawmif r7vdkuf

ygbl;? olhrsufESmu usraygifjum;rSm wcgwnf;tyfvmwmyJ? usr

0wfxm;wJ htwGif;c Habmif;bDav;7J hc God ki f ;ae7mud k nmbufaygi f _c Hem;

uyfvdyfoGm;atmifwGef;z<fypf_yD; t_yL;om;ay:vmwJhusrapmufywfud k

ukef;7ufawmhwmygyJ? 'Dvl apmufywft7ufuÈrf;w<f? 7ufaeusvnf;

_zpfyH k7w<f? enf;enf;av;rSawmif wGef hqkwfraebl;? @G H@SmwJhyH krs d K;vnf;

wpufav;rSr_ybl;? 'Dvkdapmufywfudk r@GHr@SmeJhirf;irf;wuf| 7ruf_yif;_yif;

7ufay;wJha<musfm;rsdK;uawmh t@Sm;om;r[kwfvm;? usrav wcgwnf;

wudk<fvH k;xGef hxGef hvl;_yD; aumhvefoGm;7awmhwmygyJ?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -aumif;vd kufwm? apmufywf7ufay;wm

odyfaumif;w<f- -td ktd k- -[if h[if h- -tm; tm; ß

usryg ;py fuvnf; toHawGxGufoGm ;w<f? tJ' Dtcs de fr S m

_roDwmatmifuvnf; ab;xGufraeygbl;? rif;csrf;omxdkuf7J hab;rSm

0iftdyfcs_yD; olhvD;ud kyg;pyfe J hukef;p kyfay;wmudk apmufywft7ufcH7wm

ajumif h zDvifwufaewJhjum;u usr_rif7awGh7w<f? vD;pkyfay;oH

wysyfysyf twdki f;om;jum;7w<f? vD;pkyfay;wmajumif h ieJom;vnf;

18

7ruftxjurf;vmw<fxifyg7 J h ? usrapmufywfud k y d k jurf ;jurf ; |

y d k _yi f ; _yif ;7ufay;vmw<f?

usreJ h _roDwmatmifwd k h[m aumif;aumif;tvdk;c Hz l;wJ hr de f ;rawG

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@ S dc J hayr<f h tckvd k a<mufsm;wa<mufwnf;e J h usrwd k hE Sp fa<muf

twlwl_zpfjuwmrsd K;awmh r@S dc J hao;ygbl;? 'gajumif h usrpdwfyd kvSKyf@Sm;

7w<f? _roDwmatmifvnf; 'Dvd kyJ@S daerSmyg? rdef;rvD;pkyfwm t7if[m

awGxuf yd ktirf;r7jurf;wrf;xef_yif;vmwmudk usrowd_yKrdw<f?

usrvnf; rif;csrf;omxdkufapmufywf7ufay;wmuvnf; t_ywfaumif;|

ud k<f hapmufywfud k7ufaewJ h a<mufsm;7J hvD;ud k ud k<f holi<fcsi f;ru

tyDpkyfaewmudk _rif7awGh7wmajumif h 7rufuvnf;yd kxefe J h 7ruf

t7rf;xjuG_yD; wcs D Ø _y D;×vkvkud k _zpfvmw<f?

Þ tm; tD;tD;- -usr vmawmhr<f- -7uf 7uf? apmufywfudk

aumif;aumif;7ufay;prf;yg- -[kwf_yD- -aumif;vd kufwm- -tm;

tm; tD;tD;- - ß

wu<fygyJ@Sif? rif;csrf;omxdkufu tirf;r7tm;7yg;7apmufywf

7ufay;wm odyfc Hvd k haumif;_y D; t7omuvnf;t7rf;awG hwmajumif h

19

usr[m tvdk;rcH7ygao;yJe J h wcs D Ø _y D;oGm;7ygawmhw<f? aumif;vd kuf

wm@Sif- -?

oif;oif; _zLonf t_ym0wÔKxJwGi fa7;xm;aompmom;rsm;ud k

zwf7if; 7ifxJuuwkefu7if_zpfvmonf? apmapmyd kif;u Edk htudkift!Spf

c Hvd kuf7r S K | zi fjum;ud k vD;E Si f hawhtaxmufc Hvk duf7r S Kwd k hajumi f h

aoG;om;rsm; ylaEG;Ed k ;xaeonfhtcHuvnf;@S daeav7m apmufywfxJwGif

p d kp d kp dp dE Si f h tawm fav;tae7cufaeonf? 0wÔ Kpmtky fu d kzwf7i f ;

rdr daygifjum;rSapmufywfud k rdrdzmomvuf_zih f tvdktav#mufud ki fy Gwf

rdonf? tpuawmh olhtvdkvd k _zpfoGm;wmyg? od k haomf xd kod k hxdud ki f

y Gw fr donf htwGu f 7@ S d c H pm ;7aomz Dvi fu xdr dv Saomajumi f h

oif;oif;_zLrSm udk<f hapmufywfud kqufIyGwfaerdonf? b<fvuf_zif h

apmufywfES d Kufum| nmvufu pmtkyfud kud ki fIqufumzwfaeonf?

zwf7wmvnf; yd kIaumif;vmaeonf?

usr Ø_y D ; ×oGm; _y D ; tirf ;r7ud kxd k ;xd k ;xGe f hx Ge f h _zp faewmud k

_roDwmatmifuvnf; odyH kygyJ? aumifr vD;tpkyfyd ktirf;r7_zpfvm

w<f? pkyfaevdkufwm w_yGwf_yGwfwysyfysyftoHawGud kaomaomnHvd k h?

ieJom;vnf; _roDwmatmifvD;tyDpkyfay;aevdk h t7rf;udkzDvifwufaewm

taotcsmygyJ? tHwjudwfjudwfeJ h yg;pyfuvnf; wtpftpf_rnfvd k h?

20

' Dtwd ki f ;q d k olvnf ;rjumawm hy gb l ; ? c^ae vD ;p ky fay;aewJ h

_ro Dwmatmi f7 J h y g ;py fx J okw f7n faw Gye f ;x Gu fu ke f awm hr S my gy J ?

usrvnf; tJ'Dvd k_zpfvmawmhrSmudk tmomirf;irf;eJ hvSrf;junfhaerdw<f?

tJ'Dtcs de fr SmyJ- -?

Þ uvif- -uvifuvif- - ß

wHcg;0u vlac:bJvfoH @kwfw7uf_rnfvmw<f? zDvifawG

t_ywfwuf_yD;tyD_idrf haejuwJh usrwdk hwawG| vef h_zef hoGm;ju7wmygyJ?

ta7;aumi f ;' de f ;a' gi f ;rz su fy J ri f ;c sr f ;omxd ku fv7nfxGufc ge D ;r S m

vlac:bJvfoHu zsufae_yDav? b<folawGrsm;a7mufvmwmygvdrf h?

wu<fygyJ?

Þ [m- -uÈe fawmh fabmf'gawGvmr<fqd kwm arhaew<f?

olwd k ha7mufvmju_yD? b<fvd kvkyfrvJ [if- - ß

rif;csrf;omxdkufu rsufvH k;_yL;rsufqH_yL;eJ har;w<f?

Þ a7mufvmvnf; ac:oGif;vd kufayg h? olwd k hvnf; aqmfzd kufzd k h

0goemygw<fr[kwfvm;- - ß

21

_roDwmatmif7<fav? b<favmufrsm;^Smx_yD; <m;aew<f

rodbl;? enf;enf;av;rSawmif tda_ENrqnfawmhyJ t_ywfud ka_ymcs

vd kufwm?

Þ [m- -ygwmayg hAsm? cifAsm;wd k hu tdkauqdk7if _yD;wmyJ ß

Þ tk dau- -_zpfw<f? usrwd k huawmh vlrsm;av yd kjudKuf

avyJ- - ß

a_ym7if; usrudkvSrf;rsufaphrS dwf_yvdkufao;w<f? usruvnf;

ol hvd kom 7J7 Jxkwfra_ymr dwmyg? ole J hody fawmhvnf; rxl;ygbl ;?

a<muf sm;awGtrsm;juD;e J h vd k ;yp faqmfyp fc si fwmjum_y D? p dwful;y J

<O fae7wm? ' Dae hawm h tJ' gawGtaumi ftxnfay:vmawmhr<f

xifyg7J h? rif;csrf;omxdkuf7J habmf'gu b<fESpfa<mufawmifa7mufvm

jurSmvJ? awG;7if;awmif 7ifw'def;' de f;c ke f7w<f?

rif;csrf;omxdkufu xdki fae7mu ukef;xw<f? cÈwfcsxm;wJ h

abmif ;bD@ Snfud kvSr f ;t<lr Sm _roDwmatmifu Zd k ;Zwfqd kxoGm;_y D ;

tcef;wHcg;ud kqG Jz Gi f hvd kufw<f? b7mpD<meJ h twGif;cHabmif;bDav;om

0wfxm;_yD; vD;pkyfay;ae7ufuae xvm7vdk h | yg;pyfw0d kufwHawG;awG

22

ayusH_yD; qHyifbdkoDbwfoD_zpfaewJh @kyfacsmacsm| udk<fvHk;awmifhawmifh

a _zmi f ha _zmi f hr de f ;uav;wa<mufu wHcg ;vmz Gi f hay;wmud kawG h7wJ h

rif;csrf;omxdkuf7J habmf'gawG b<fvdkrs d K;_zpfukefjur<fqdkwm usrodcsif

vd kufwm? usruawmh olwd k h7 J htrlt7mtoGift_yifawGud k vSrf;r_rif

E d li fy gb l ; ? 'gayr<f h Þa[;ßue J Þ[mßueJatm fvd ku fwJ htoHawG |

avcÈefoHawGuawmh tawmfav;pDpDnHnH_zpfoGm;w<f? aemufawmh

_roDwmatmifu vl@G<fa<mufsm;ys d KoH k ;a<mufud k tdyfcef;xJac:<l

vmygawmhw<f?

rif;csrf;omxdkufu olhabmf'gawGeJ h usrwdk hud kcsufcsif;rdwfquf

ay;w<f? tmrufwJ h? [kwfpde fwJ h? oufwifausmfwJ h? tmrufu

ukvm;u_ym; | [kwfp de fu w@kwfu_ym; | oufwifausm fuawmh

rEWav;om;qd ky J? tm;vH k;uvnf; vufoGufoGufawG? txmvnf;

aygufju_yD;om;? b<fhES<f? rdef;uav;ESpfa<muf twGif;cHt0wftpm;

awGyJ@S daeju_yD; (tJ'Db7mpD<meJ htwGif;cHabmif;bDawGuvnf; z@k dz7J

eJ hav? usrqdk7if apmufywft_yL;om;udkay:aewm?) rif;csr;fomxdkufu

pGyfus<f~s d Kif;_ywfwxnfudkyJ 0wfxm;vdk h vD;tawmifom;? vD;rSmvnf;

wHawG;awGtpd kom;@S daewmqdkawmh b<fvd kta_ctaers d K ;@ S daejuw<f

qd kwm tvG<feJ hvnf;em;vnfEd li fwmud k;?

23

bmrSawmif taxGtxl;a_ymqdkraejuawmhyJ olwdk hud k<fay:u

t0wftpm;awGud k _z d K ; _zwfqd kcÈwfypfvd kufjuwm oH k ;a<mufpvH k ;

0wfvpfpvpfawG_zpfukefjua7m? usrwd k hvnf; rde f;rawGyDyD vD;ud k

pdwf0ifpm;juw<fav? a<mufsm;oHk;a<muf udk<fvHk;wD;_zpfukefjuw<f

qd k7ifyJ ol hwd k h7 J haygifjum;u vD;acsmif;awGqDud k vSrf;junfhr dvd kuf

juwmayg h?

wu<fygy J@ Si f ? vD ;a7mi fp H ku d k _ri f7w<fvd k h a_ymrvm;y J ?

tmrufvD;u rJwJwJ? [kwfp de fvD;u _zLwlwl| oufwifausm f7 J h

vD;uawmh t!dkE ka7mif? vD;oH k ;acsmif;vH k ;ri<fjubl;? xGm;w<f?

juD ;w<f? oufwi fausm f7 J hv D ;uawm h tjuD ;qH k ; ? txGm ;qH k ; ?

t@Snf(10)vufravmuf| vD;vH k ;ywfuawmh zefwufpDtcs d K7nfykvif;

zifyd ki f ;avmufud k wkwfwm? [kwfpde fe J htmrufwd k hvD;uawmh (8)vufr

ausm fausm favmuf@ Sn f juw<f? tmrufu vH k ;ywfe Je Jy d kw kwf _y D ;

[kwfpdefu rqdkpavmufyd k@SnfovdkyJ? tmruf7J hvD;u ta7_ym;vSD;_zwf

xm;w<f? 'pfjuD;u eD7J_yJtmaewmyJ? usefwJhvD;awGuawmh ta7_ym;

awG@S daejuw<f? 'gayr<f h tJ' Dta7_ym;awGud kqG Jcs'pfaz:vd kuf7if

'pfjuD;awG_yvmjuvdrf hr<fvd k h usrwd k haumif;aumif;odaejuygw<f?

Þ vD;pkyfay;ygvm; [if ß

24

oufwifausm fu usra@S hr Smvm7yf_y D ;a_ymw<f? ol hvD;juD;

uawmh rwfawmif_yD;waighaihgeJ h? usrvnf; ESpfcgawmifa_ymrae7ygbl;?

csufcsi f ;y J ol ha_c7i f ;r Sm' l ;axmufcsvd kufw<f? vD;t7if ;ud kvufe J h

ud ki fxd ki f _y D; yg;pyfe Ji H kvd k hp ky fay;vd kufw<f?

usr tvdk;cHzl;ovdk| vD;vnf;pkyfzl;ygw<f? 'gayr<fh usrt7if

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trsm;qH k ;@ S d juwm? vH k ;ywfuvnf; ig;r l ;vH k ; | oH k ;rwfvH k ;avmufyJ

wkwfjuwm? tckawmh wu<fhud k@ Snfvnf;@Snf| wkwfvnf;wkwfwJ h

v D ;we fx Gm ;x Gm ; ju D ;u d k p ky fay;7wmqd kawm h tm;7vd ku fwm@ Si f ?

usryg;pyfud k tpGrf;ukef[_yD; iH k<l7w<f? vD;juD;u yg;pyfxJ_ynf hodyf

aewmyJ?

usr vD;pkyfuÈrf;aevd k homayg h? r[kwf7if tJ'DavmufjuD;wJ h

vD;juD;pkyfwJ htcgrSm touf@SLjuyf_yD; ØoD;×oGm;rSmtrSefy J? pkyfaumif;

wmajumif h vD;wacsmif;vH k ;yg;pyfxJtukef0ifatmif tm;7yg;7pkyfay;

vd kufwm ieJom;tHjudwf_yD; xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfoGm;wmyJ? tJ'DtcgrSm

ol hvD;atmufa_cu a~G;tkuvnf; wvSKyfvSKyf_zpfvmw<f? vD;pkyfay;

aewJhusrarhaphud k vmvmxdrd@k dufrdw<f? usrvnf; tvdkvd kae7if;

tonf;awG<m;vm_yD; oh la~G;tkwG JvG JawGud kyg vufeJ hqkyfud ki fy Gwfe<f

25

ay;vd kufw<f?

tJ'Dtcs de fr SmyJ usr7J hcg;ud k vlwa<mufucyfwif;wif;ud ki f _y D;

qG Jrwifvmygw<f? usrvnf; oufwifausmf7J ha_c7if;rSm'l;axmuf7uf

vD;pkyfay;ae7muae tvdkufoif hy J wifud kjuGay;vd kufw<f? 'Dvd ke J h

usr[m av;bufaxmufxm;ovd kr s d K ; taetxm;_zp fo Gm ;w<f?

jurf; _yi fay:r Sm 'l ;E Sp fbufe J hawmh xdaxmufxm;wmyJ? 'gayr<f h

aygifwefawGuawmh auG;raeawmhyJ wef;axmif7ufom;_zpfoGm;w<f?

nmvufudkvnf;qefh_yD; jurf;_yifudkaxmuftm;_yKxm;7w<f? b<fvuf

uawmh oufwifausmf7J hzifa_ymifjuD;ud k od ki f;zufxdef;_yD; vD;qufpkyf

aew<f?

a~G;tkawGud k ud ki fryGwfay;E d li fawmhbl;? a[m- -usrav

av;bufaxmuf7ufruswustaetxm;rs d K ; _zp foGm; _y D ? _y D ;wme J h

aygifjum;u taemufbuf_yL;wpfxGufoGm;wJ hapmufywfrSm vD;tawh

cH7awmhwmygyJ? awh_yD;wmeJ h zdxdk;oGif;vmw<f? vD;jud; usrtzkwfxJ

wd k;0ifvmw<f? vD;pkyfay;ae7ufrd k h usraemufvSnf hrjunfhEd li fygbl;?

'gayr<fh usrud kzifqG Jaxmifr_yD; cGvd k ;vd kufwJ hvl[m rif;csrf;omxdkuf

_zpfzd k hawmhrsm;ygw<f? bmajumifhvJqdkawmh apmufywfxJxdk;oGif;vmwJh

vD;rSm wHawG;awGt_ywfpd k _y D; t0ifacsmaevd k hyg? rif;csrf;omxdkuf7J h

26

vD;ud k _roDwmatmifu pky fay;c J hwmqd kawmh ol hvD ;y JwHawG;awG

tyDpd k@ $ Jaewmudk;? oufwifausmfud krrDayr<fh tmrufeJ h[kwfpde fwd k h7 J h

vD;awGxufawmh yd kjuD;w<f? usrapmufywfxJ tjuyftodyfjuD;

_zpfaewmrd k h ol hvD;yJvd k ha_ymEd li fwmyg?

vD;xdk;oGif;_yD;wmeJ h cyfa_z;a_z;rSefrSef wcsufcsif;aqmifhvd k;w<f?

usryg;pyfxJrSm vD;wacsmif;| apmufywfxJrSm vD;wacsmif;? vD;ESpfacsmif;

7J htxdtawGht7omudk w_ydKi fwnf;cHpm;ae7wm? aumif;vd kufwm@Sif?

' Dvd kz Dvifrs d K ; usrt7ifu rcHpm;cJ hz l ;ao;bl;? tvdk;c Hz l;w<fqd kayr<fh

wayGcsi f ;z d kufc J hwmawGcsn;fy J? a<mufsm;ESp fa<muf7J hvD;E Sp facsmif;ud k

w_yd ki fwnf;t7omcHEd li fwm tckyxrqHk;yJ- -?

zwf7if;zwf7if; oif;oif;_zLjuufoD;awGx_yD;7if; xaeonf?

tzkwfyGwfvnf; yd kjurf;vmonf? rwfwyfx7ufzwfae| tzkwfES d Kuf

ae7mrS tm;r7Ed li f _zpfvmum| xrDud kqG JvSef_yD; tdrfomajuGcGufay:

tm;7yg;7aqmif hajumif hxd kifonf? twGif;cHabmif;bDav;udk 'l;acgufqpf

em;odk hwGef;csonf? _yD;awmhrS yuwdtxif;om;ay:vmaomapmufywfudk

nmvuf_zif h tkyfud ki fy Gwfonf? vufcv<fud k apmufacgif;aygufxJ

r7Jw7Jyifprf;Iyif r0if hw0if hyifxd k ;ES d Kufonf? tzkwfxJut7nfawG

uvnf; t_ywfud kxGufonf?

27

aqmif hajumif hxd ki faeonfrd k h apmufywf_zJxm;ovdk@S daomfvnf;

oif;oif;_zLrSm toufi<f@G<fv#uf yguifydwftys d Kppfppfav;vnf;

_zpfay7m| apmufywfonf _yJtmvefumraeyg? r_yJw_yJ| r[w[av;ESifh

tmwmwmav;r#om_zpfaeonf? apmufywfxJwGif pdk@$ JatmifxGufaeaom

apmuf7nfjunfwd k honf tmwmwmapmufywftuGJajumif;ae7mav;rS

wpdrf hp dr f h<d kp dr f hum usvmaejuonf? xd k;xdyGwfaeaomvufcv<f

xdyfyif acsmusdus d _zpfvmonf? apmufywf0uvnf; yd k<m;vmonf?

oif;oif;_zL>vufcv<fvnf; xdxd k;r d7m| cÈ Jus dus dapmuf7nfjunf

awGajumi f h apmufac gi f ;ay gu fx Jo d k h vufcv<fxdy fy d k i f ;tqp f

av#mueJwd k ;0i fonf?

Þ td k;- -tarh- - ß

oif ;oif ; _zL>wud k<fvH k ; at;ueJaE G ;ueJz de f ;@ S de f ;oGm;v#uf

yg ;py fr Svnf; cy fwd k ;wd k ;a7@ GwfoHav;_yKr donf? rjuH Kz l ;ao;aom

zDvift7omonf olrwudk<fvHk;udkv$rf;rdk;oGm;onf? t7omodoGm;onfrdk h

vufcv<fud kyd kIzdxd k;onf? vufcv<f'kwd<vufqpf apmufacgif;

aygufxJod k h xyf0if_yefonf?

Þ tmh [if h- -@S D ;- -aumif;w<f td k- - ß

28

ty s d K r av ;>E S Kw f z s m ; r S to H av ; r s m ; _ y K r d _ y e f on f ?

usefvufwbufwGifud ki fxm;aom t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud kvnf; oJjuD;

rJjuD;yif qufzwfonf?

usrem;ud k vlwa<mufuyfvmwmudk od7_yefw<f?

Þ aumifr- -zDvift_ywf7ae_yD r[kwfvm; ß

cyfwd k;wd k;a_ymoHjum;7wmajumif h ab;em;uyfvmwm _roDwm

atmifr Se f ;od7w<f? _roDwmatmifu usrpnf;aE Smi fxm;qJ_zp fwJ h

(avsmhwdavsmh7Jawmh_zpfaeyg_yD?) b7mpD<maemufausmcs dwfud k _zKwf_yD;

cÈwfcGmcsypfvd kufw<f?

aemufawmh usr7ifbwfatmufvufv#d KoGif;_y D; Ed k htH kawGud k

z Gz Gq ky fe<fw<f? E d k ho D ;ac gi f ;av;awGud k ud ki fy Gw fz sp f! Sp fw<f?

c y f w i f ; w i f ; vn f ; q dw fq G J a y ;v d k u f ao ;w< f ? u s r r S m

a<mus fm ;E Sp fa<muf7 J hvD ;e Sp facsmi f ;t7omt_yi f vdi fwlr de f ;uav;

wa<muf7J h tudki ftyGwfzDvifyg xyfqif hc Hpm;vm7_yDayg h?

usr7J hcEÉmud k<fud k vloH k;a<mufu toHk;csumrt7om<lae

29

juwJhta_ctae_zpfoGm;wmayg h@ Si f? vD;p ky f7wmvnf; aumif;w<f?

apmufywftvdk;cHae7wmuvnf; tDpdrf hvd k h? Ed k htud ki ftwG<fcHae7wm

uvnf; zDvift_ywf7w<f? td k aumif;_yD;7if;aumif;| zDvifvnf;

7_yD;7if;7eJ h usrb<fcHEd li fawmhrSmvJ? wcsD Ø_yD;×vkvk_zpfvmwmayg h?

usrzifjuD;ud k aemufucGvd k;aewJhvlqD aumhaumhwGef;ay;aerdw<f?

<rf;cgvSKyf@ Sm;ay;rdw<f? apmufywfeJ hvnf; vdk;aewJhvD;ud k !Spf!Spf

qG J<lay;rdw<f? ieJom;uvnf; xjuGvmwmayg h?

cyfrSe fr Se fvd k ;ae7muae aqmif hcsufawG_refvmw<f? tm;_yif;

vmw<f? wbGy fbGy ftoHawG aomaomnHatmifud kxGufaew<f?

tJ oufwifausm fuvnf; cg ;wvS Ky fvS Ky fe J h ol hvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k

u sry g ;py fx Jw d k ;0i f _ye fx Gu f _zp fatmi f vky fw<f? usry g ;py fu d k

vd k ;aqmif haewJhoabmayg h? usrvnf; vD;pkyfay;ae7muae yg;pyfud k

tvdkufoifh[_yD; acgif;av;cyfarmharmhvkyfay;xm;vdkufw<f? b<fvuf

ud kvnf ; jur f ; _yi fay:c saxmuftm; _y Kxm;vd ku f7w<f? usrav

apmufywfeJ hyg;pyf| taygufESpfc kr Sm vD;wacsmif;p De J H _y d Ki fwlwcs de fwnf;

tvd k;c Hae7wm?

usrapmufywfud k vd k ;aewJ hvl(ri f ;c sr f ;omxd kuf _zp fr Smyg?)e J h

yg;pyfud kvd k ;aewJhoufwifausmfwd k hE Sp fa<muf[m rsufESmcsif;qd ki f _zpfae

30

jurSmqd kawmh wa<mufud kwa<muf b<fvd ktrlt7mrs d K ;awGrsm;

vkyf_yaervJvd k h odcsifvmw<f? yg;pyfxJvD;acsmif;juD;xd k;oGif;tvdk;cH

ae7wmrd k h acgif;awmhiJ hrjunfhEd li fbl;? olwd k hrsufESmawG b<fvd krs d K ;

_zpfaervJ? wa<mufudkwa<muf junhfaerSmvm;? rsufaphrS dwf_yvdkuf

bmvd kufvkyfe J h tcsuf_yaervm;- -? trs d K ;rs d K ;awG;junfh_yD; pdwful;e J h

y H kaz:aerdw<f?

_roDwmatmifqd kwJ haumifruawmh usrEd k hawGud k tyDud ki fqG J

aew<f? usrud kvd k ;aewJ ha<mufsm;eSp fa<mufud ki fz d k hawmif rxm;awmh

bl;? _roDwmatmifEd k hqG Jay;| Ed k hoD;qdwfay;wm cHvd k hawmhaumif;ayr<fh

usrud kvd k ;aewJ ha<mufsm;u Ed k hqG Jwmud kawmh cHcsi fao;wmayg haemf?

' gajumi f h usryg ;py fx Ju oufwi fausm f7 J hv D ;u d kc^xkwfyp f _y D ;

_roDwmatmifud k vSnf ha_ymvd kufrdw<f?

Þ ig hE d k hawGud ky J qG Jraee J h ? ei fvnf;ig hvd ky J [d kbJE Sp fay Ge J h

t_ywfpcef;oGm;vd kufygvm;[? odyfaumif;wmaemf? ra_ymr@S de J h- - ß

'Dvd ka_ym7if; rsufvH k ;a0hjunfhvd kufawmh tmrufeJ h[kwfpde fwd k h

ESpfa<muf[m vD;tawmifom;eJ h usrab;em;rSm7yfaewmudk awGh7w<f?

o lw d k htw Gu f ab;x Gu fae7ovd k _ zp f aewmy gvm ; ? usrv d k r s d K ;

31

_roDwmatmi ftvky fc H7wmud k usr_ri fc si f junf hc si fwJ hp dwfuvnf;

odyfud k _yif; _yvmae_yD?

_roDwmatmif[m ESpfcgrwd kufwGef;7ygbl;?

Þ td kau- -vkyfwmayg h [D[d ß

_roDwmatmifu _yH K;p dp de J ha_ym_yD; usreJ hrsufESmcsi f;qd ki f7<f

av;bufaxmufvd kufw<f? olhrsufeSmeJ husrrsufESm uyfv#uf_zpfoGm;

a7m? _yD;awmh bmra_ymnmra_ymeJ h usryg;pyfud kol hyg;pyfe J hawh_y D ;

pkyferf;ygava7m? tJ usrEd k hwvHk;udkvnf; vufeJ hqkyfudkifyGwfao;w<f?

usre J h _roDwmatmifwd k h[m tJ' Dvd ky Jp ky fer f ;ju| tzkwfcsi f ;y Gwfju|

Ed k hud ki fjuvkyfwm rqef;ygbl;? 'gayr<fh tckvd krs d K; a<mufsm;om;awG7J h

a@S hr Smawmh wcgrSrvkyfzl;ao;bl;? ESpfa<mufwnf;@S djuwJhtcgawGrSmyJ

vkyfjuwm? 'gajumif h tckwcg _roDwmatmifeJ hyg;pyfcsif;awhuyfpkyferf;

7wm t7ifwkef;ueJ hrwlbl;? wrs d K ;z Dvif@S dw<f? yd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;w<f?

Tpmom;rsm;ud kzwf7ki f; oif;oif;_zL>pdwfxJwGif wrs d K ;juD;

_zpfvmonf? rdrdESif hcifrif7if;ES D;aom oli<fcsif;rav;wa<mufa<mufudk

r de f;uav;csif;zufayG hp ky ferf;junfhcsifp dwfawGvnf; xl;_cm;pGmay:ayguf

32

vmw<f? oif;oif;_zLrSm 7nf;pm;yifrxm;zl;ao;olrd k h rde f;uav;csif;

rqdkxm;bd? a<mufsm;av;wa<muf>tpkyfterf;udkyif cHzl;olr[kwfyg?

tonf;w<m;<m;| 7ifwzd kz d kE Si f hyifqufIzwfonf?

_roDwmatmifeJ h yg;pyfcsif;awhuyfpkyferf;vd kufwJhtcg a<musfm;

awGqDu avcÈefoHawGay:vmw<f? tif;ayg hav? onfvd kr de f;uav;

acsmacsmvSvS| i<fi<fawmifhawmifhav;ESpfa<muf erf;jupkyfjuwmawG

_rif7wJ ha<mufsm;om;awG 7ifxJr@k d ;r@G_zpfukefjurSmu trSefygyJ?

usru oufwifausmf7J hvD;ud k nmvufeJ hqkyfud ki fxm;w<f?

_roDwmatmifeJ hpkyferf;ae7if; olhvD;udk ~Gif;wd kufovdkrs d K;vkyfay;aew<f?

usrzifjuD;aemufu rif;csr f ;omxd kufuawmh ol hvD;ud kapmufywfxJ

cyfrSe fr Se faqmif hvd k ;oGif;ay;aew<f? odyfjurf;jurf;_yif;_yif;awmh rvdk;

awm hb l ; ? t J aqmi f h c su fr S mawm h tm;xnf hxm;ay ;xm;w<f?

a[m? usrwd k hem;ud k ieJwa<mufxyfwd k ;uyfvmw<f? rsufESmud k

armhrjunfh_zpfayr<fh wd k;uyfvmwJhvl[m tmrufqd kwJ hukvm;u_ym;

rSe f;awmh odygw<f?

Þ wd k hvD;ud k ud ki faqmhay;ygvm; aemf ß

33

a_ymvdkufwJhtoHudk jum;7w<f? aemufawmh tHjudwfvdkufoHeJ h

touf_yif;_yif;@SLoHawG qufay:vmw<f? _roDwmatmifu tmruf7J h

vD;udkudkif_yD;~Gif;wdkufay;vdkufrSef; usrodw<f? usrvnf; _roDwmatmif

eJ hyg;pyfcsif;awhpkyfae7muae cGmvd kufw<f? _yD;awmh acgif;ud ktom

ab;iJhay;vdkuf7if; oufwifausmf7J hvD;udk qGJ<lvdkufw<f? usrenf;wlyJ

_roDwmatmifuvnf; ukvm;u_ym;tmruf7Jh vD;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;udk

ol hyg;pyfxJqG J<lvd kufwm _rifvd kuf7w<f?

tJ' Dtcs de fr Smy J w@kwfu_ym;[kwfp de fvnf; rwfawmifaewJ h

vD;juD;ud kud ki f7if; _roDwmatmif7J hzifjuD;aemufrSm wdk;0ifuyfae7m<l

wmudkyg usr_rif7w<f? usru oufwifausmf7J hvD;ud k yg;pyfeJ hi H kp kyf<l

vd kufwJ htcs de fr SmyJ _roDwmatmif7J hud k<fqwfueJwGef hoGm;_yD; yg;pyfu

Øtm;uÈwfuÈwf [if h- -jurf;vScsnfvm;- -tm;yg;yg;×qd kwJ hnnf;!loH

ay:vmw<f? _yD;awmh [kwfpde f7 J hvD;juD;xd k ;aqmif hoGi f;vd kufwJ htoH

uvnf; ØbvGwfbGy fbkbk× qd kcy fus<fus<f_rnfvmw<f? tif;?

_roDwmatmif zDvift7rf;wuf_yD; apmufywfxJrSm apmuf7nfjunfawG

t7rf;pd k@$ Jtd kifxGef;aerSm odyfudkaocsmygw<f? 'gajumifhvnf; vD;xdk;oGif;

xnfhvd kufwJ htcg toHawGus<fus<frsm;rsm;_rnfvmwmayg h?

tJ' DaemufrSmawmh usrwd k htwG JE Sp fwG Jvd k ;ce f ;u t@S de f _rif h _y D ;

34

t7rf ;ud ky D _yi faeygw<f? usru oufwifausm f7 J hvD ;ud k yg ;py fe J h

tm;7yg;7pkyfovdk rif;csrf;omxdkufu usrapmufywfud k cyfjurf;jurf;

tm;_yif; _yif ;e J h cyfoGufoGufvd k ;w<f? aqmif hw<f? apmufywfud k

wtm;aqmif hvd k ;@ k Hwifr[kwfbl;? usr7J hzifom;_crf;juD;ESp fc kud kqG J _z J _y D;

ptd kaygufud kvufreJ h yGwfxd k ;uvday;ao;w<f?

u srr S m o l hv D ; ju D ; e J h aqmi f hv d k ; a ew J h apmu fyw fuvnf ;

eif haeatmift7omawGh| yGwfuvdcHae7wJhptdkaygufuvnf; <m;usdusdeJ h

z Dvi f7 | p ky f ay ;aew J hv D ; ju D ;uvnf ; y g ;py fx Jt_yn f hto dy f e J h ?

bma_ymaumif;rvJ? tukefvH k ;aumif;aewmayg h?

usrvm;? zifvdk;cHzl;_yD;om;rdef;rav? 'gajumifhrif;csrf;omxdkufu

usrptdkud kyGwfxd k;uvdawmh zifayguf<m;vm_yD; zDvifawGvnf;t_ywf

7aewmayg h- - ?

t_ym0wÔKzwfaeaomoif;oif;_zL rsufvHk;av;_yL;wl;wl;_zpfoGm;

onf? olronf umrrS Kudp Prsm;wGi f A[kokwenf;yg;vSaomfvnf;

a<musfm;ESi f hr de f ;r umrpyf<Sufaomtcg| rde f;t~FgxJa<mufsm;wefqm

xd k ;oGi f;7onfqd kwmavmufawmh odem;vnfaeygonf? zifaygufud k

vd k ;7onfhtajumif;ud kawmh jum;yifrjum;zl;? ptd konf vkyfI7onf

35

[ kvn f ; rxi f ? wu< fy J x d ktay gu fu d k p y f< Su f I7ovm ; ?

zwfaumi f ;atmi f0wÔ KxJr Sm wrifp dwful ;<Ofuma7;xm;wmvm;[k

Za0Z0gtawG;rsm;ESif h oHo<awGyGm;rdonf? zifcsIwu<f7onf_zpfap|

r7onf_zpfap| zwf@S K7wmuawmh 7ifzd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;v#uf| tvGefud k

aumi f ;vSonf? 'gajumi f hvnf; qufzwfjunf hr donf? zwf7i f ;

r dr dtzkwfud komru ptd kayguf0ud kyg rodromvSrf;I xd k;y Gwfuvd

rdonf?

usrvnf; vD;pkyfay;7uftvdk;cHae7if;u usrESif hrsufESmcsif;qdkif

@S daewJh_roDwmatmifud kvnf;vSrf;junfh_yD; rsufapht7omcHrdao;w<f?

_roDwmatmifuvnf; tmruf7J hvD;juD;ud k yg;av;ydefvd kufazgif;vd kuf

_zpfatmif wtm;pkyfvd k h? [kwfpde fuawmh _roDwmatmif hapmufywfud k

t_ywfvd k;aqmif haew<f? zifjuD;ud kp H kud ki fvd k haqmif hae7mu udk<fud k

udkif;_yD; _roDwmatmif7Jhaemufausmay: olh7ifbwfxduyfatmifvkyfw<f?

Ed k hjuD;ESpfvHk;udk tm;7yg;7udkifqGJ_yD; aqmifhvdk;aew<f? usrapmufywfudk

vd k ;aewJ hrif;csrf;omxd kuf7J hvufu usrzifaygufud kxd k ;uvdyGwfaewm

qd kawmh [kwfp de fvd krs d K ;ud k<fud kud ki f ;cs _y D ; Ed k huke f ;qG Jwmrs d K ;rvky fE d li f

bl;ayg h? _roDwmatmif Ed k hqG Jtvd k;c H7wm_rifawmh usrvnf; Ed k htud ki f

c Hcsi fvmw<fayg h? 'Dvd kudpPrs d K ;u "gwfquf|"gwfvd kufwwfwJ hoabm

@S djuwmr[kwfvm;?

36

'gajumif husrvnf; oufwifausmf7J hvufwbufud k vSrf;ud ki f

qG J<l_yD; usr7J hnmbufEd k htH kjuD;ay:wifay;vd kufw<f? ieJom;uvnf;

txmaygufygw<f? Ed k htH kud k cyfwif;wif;ud ki fqG Jw<f? Ed k hoD;ud ky Gwfay;

zspf!Spfay;w<f?

rif;csr f;omxd kuf7J htdyfcef;xJrSmawmh toHrs d K ;p H kwaomaomud k

nHaewmyJ? a<mufsm;u (4)a<muf_zpfayr<f h usrwd k hr de f ;uav;

E S p f a<mu f7 J hto Haw Gu y d k r s m ;w<f ? umrqufq Hw J h ae7mr S m

a<mufsm;awGxuf rdef;rawGu yd k _y D;pnf;pdr fawG ht7omcHpm;7w<fvd k h

a_ymwm rSefrsm;rSe frvm;rodbl;?

tckjunfhav? rif;csrf;omxdkufwdk h(4)a<mufeJh usrwdk h(2)a<muf

0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;y G J juD;qifaejuwJhae7mrSm olwd k ha<mufsm;awGu

okwf7nfawmfawmfeJ hrxGufbl;? apmufywfud kvd k ;aejuwJhvlESpfa<muf

uawmh cyfjurf;jurf;us H K;vd k ;juwmawmh@S dw<f? tJ vD;pkyfc HaejuwJh

ieJom;ESpfa<mufuawmh _idrfaewmrsm;w<f? tvGefqHk; zifwqwfqwf

vSKyf| vD;pkyfay;aewJh usrwdk h7J hacgif;udkif| qHyifudkif| Ed k hudkifwmavmufyJ?

tJ t7rf;uma7mvSKyf@ Sm;_yD; t_ywfØa[mh×aeju7wmuawmh usreJ h

_roDwmatmify J?

37

a<mufsm;awG awmfawmfeJ hokwf7nfrxGufjuayar<fh usrwd k h

E Sp fa<mufawmh ESpfr depfoH k ;r depfr Sm wcgavmufeD;yg;ud k Ø_yD;×aejuwm?

Ø_y D ; ×oGm;juvd k h usrwd k hE Sp fa<muf wtmhtmhwtdtde J h (yg;pyfxJr Sm

vD;awG@S daevd k h AvH k;AaxG;toHyJay:xGufEd li fygw<f?) _rnfwrf;a7@Gwf

oHawGu qufwd kufqd kovd k ay:xGufaew<f? _roDwmatmifu

Ø_yD;×oGm;vdkuf| usru Ø_yD;×oGm;vdkufeJ h? usrav b<fESpfcs DØ_yD;×oGm;w<f

qdkwmudkawmif a7wGufrSwfrxm;Ed lifawmhygbl;? q<fcsDausmfrSmuawmh

aocsmw<f?

wcs Dxyf Ø _y D ; ×7wd ki f ; apmapmuØ_y D ; ×c J h7wmxuf yd k _y D ;z Dvif

wufw<f? yd kjurf;w<f? yd kvnf;aumif;w<f@Si f? usr[m t7if

tvdk;c Hc J hwJ htcgawGwkef;uvnf; Ø_yD;×c J hz l ;ygw<f? 'gayr<fh ~dwfukef

av;ig;a_cmufcs Dy J? 'Dxufryd kbl;? a[m- -tck[muawmh wu<fhud k

tawmrowfEd li fatmifud k Ø_yD;×aewm? jurf;jurf;wrf;wrf;e J h weif h

wyd k ;juD;ud k Ø_yD;×_y D;7if; Ø_yD;×ae7wm? usrapmufywfxJu t7nfawG

xGuftefusaewm awmufawmufd k<dkvdk h? pdkpd kudk@$ Jvdk h? zifjuD;w<rf;<rf;|

Ed k htH kjuD;awGwcgcgeJ h wudk<fvH k;vnf; aumhvefwufaewmyJ?

aemufqH k ;r Smawmh usrud kvd k ;aewJ hri f ;csr f ;omxd kuf7 J hvD;juD;

aig hueJaig hueJvSKyf_yD; usrapmufywfxJ okwf7nfawGyef;xnfhay;vd kuf

38

wmud k usrcHpm;od7ygawmhw<f? okwfv$wfawmfawmfjurf;w<f?

okwfxGufvnf; rsm;w<f? vD;xdyfu t@S de ftm;_yif;_yif;e J hyef;xGuf

vmwJ ho kw f7nfawG[m usrapmufac gi f ;ay gu ftwGi f ;bufy d k i f ;u d k

eufeuf@ S d Ki f ;@ S d Ki f ;ud ka7mufvmw<f? apmufywftwGi f ;bufr Smawmh

vSKyf@ Sm;aEG;axG;oGm;wmyJ? usrapmufywf[mvnf; xdef;r7Ed li fawmh

atmifud kvSKyfcg_yD; yGpdy Gp d _zpfvmw<f? olhvD;ud kwtm;yJ zspf!Spfp ky f<l

w<f? ri f ;c sr f ;omxd ku f7 J h tm;ueJtD ;ue Jatm f[pf _rnfwrf ;oHud k

jum;7w<f?

a[mawmh? usrp ky fay;aewJ h oufwifausm f7 J hv D ;uvnf;

usryg;pyfxJrSm waig haig hvSKy fvm_yD? ol okwf7nfxGufzd k hody fra0;

awmhrSe f; usrem;vnfvd kufw<f? 'gajumif husrvnf; vD;pkyfwmud k

csufcsif;7yf_yD; ol hvD;juD;ud k yg;pyfxJuxkwfvd kufw<f?

Þ [m- -vD;pkyfbmvd k h7yfvd kuf7wmvJ? 'DrSm t7rf;aumif;

aewm? qufpkyf- - ß

oufwifausmfu tavmwjuD;a_ymw<f? usracgif;ud kqG J _y D;

usryg;pyfxJ vD;_yefxd k ;xnfhz d k h judK;pm;w<f?

39

Þ td k- -[if h- -usrud k vd k ;ay;tke f;av? zifcsay;- -

[kwfvm;- - ß

usrvnf; tmomirf ;ir f ;y Ja_ymvd kufw<f? [kwfw<fav?

ri f ;c sr f ;omxd ku f | apmufywfv d k ;7i f ;x d k ;y Gw fuvdxm;vd k h usr7 J h

zifayguf<m;aew<f? zifvd k;c Hcsifaew<f?

Þ [m- -zi fc Hr< f [kw fvm; ? vd k ;r< f- -vd k ;r< f ?

zifaumif;aumif;vd k;r<f- - ß

[Ge f h ? rju d Ku fwwf@ S mb l ; ? usrzi fv d k ;z d k h a _ymvd ku fwme J h

oufwifausm fqd kwJ hie J _zp foGm;vd kufy H kr sm;? cef hpm7vmwJ hoabFmom;

avmif;vd k rsufESmjuD;_yHK;cs d K0if;yoGm;wmyJ? wcgwnf; av;bufaxmuf

ovd kr s d K ;@ S d aew J h usr7 J hwi fy g ; ju D ;bufu d k t_re fo Gm ;y gava7m?

tJ'DtcgrSmrif;csrf;omxdkufu okwfv$wf_yD;_yDqdkayr<fh vD;udkapmufywf

xJu qGJrxkwf7ao;bl;? usrapmufywfxJrSm olhvD;juD;wyfv#ufom;

@S daewke f ;? okwfv$wf_y D ;umprd k h awmifawmht_ywfrawmifawmhbl;?

rawmif hwawmif| raysmhwaysmh_zpfaewm?

Þ a[haumifcsrf;om- -z<fay;avuGm? 'Daqmfud k igzifcs

40

rvdk h- - ß

oufwifausmfu xoGm;7if;a_ymvd kufw<f?

Þ at;yguG- -z<fay;r Smayg h ? ri f ;uvJ? zi fc s7r<fqd k

tirf;r7yJ- - ß

rif;csr f ;omxd kuf | usrapmufywfxJu raysm hrrmvD;juD;ud k

qwfueJqG J _zKwf_yD; ab;z<fay;w<f? oufwifausmfvnf;csufcsif;yJ

usrzif0ud k _z J _yD; vD;awhaxmufw<f?

Þ [dwf- -wHawG;qGwftkef;av- -? 'Dtwdki f;roGif;e J h? ß

usru twif;vSrf;a_ymvd kuf7w<f? zifvd k ;c Hayr<fh olhvD;u

rw7m;juD;wm? zif0rSmwHawG;rqGwfyJvd k ;7if; t7rf;emrSmayg h?

Þ tif;- -tif;- - ß

oufwifausmfua_ym7if; usrptd k0wnfhwnfhay: wHawG;axG;

c sw<f? awhaxmufxm;wJ ho l hvD ;ud kawmh z<fray;bl ;? zi f0r Sm

vD ;awh7ufom;e J h wHawG ;qGwfwm? ol haxG ;c svd ku fwJ hw HawG ;[m

41

olhvD;xdyfz l ;ay:us_yD;r S usrptd kaygufxJud ka7mufvmw<f? vD;awh

xm;vd k h wpfqd k hqd k hav;_zpfae7mrSm wHawG;qGwfcH7vd k h at;aw;aw;

txdtawGhuygxyf_znfhvd kufawmh usr[m juufoD;ud kzsefzsef;xoGm;7

ygava7m@Sif? zif0vnf; yd k<m;vmw<f?

Þ oGif;- -oGif;- -usrzifxJ vD;xd k ;oGif;vd kufawmh ß

Þ bGyf- -@SL;- -tm;tm;- emw<f- -tm; ß

usrpum;tqHk;rSmyJ oufwifausmfu zifxJvD;juD;zdxd k ;oGif;

v d ku fw<f ? usrvnf ; pt d ku d ktv d ku foi f h z G i f h ay ;v d ku fwmay g h ?

zi fvd k ;c Hz l ;wmrd k h ptd kaygufxJvD;xd k ;oGi f ;7i f b<fvd krs d K ;tvd kufoif h

aeay;7r<fqd kwm usrem;vnfaew<f? zifaygufud kvnf; zGif hay;wwf

w<fav? wHawG;qGwfxm;wJ ht_yi f ol hvD ;uvnf; usryg ;py fe J h

p ky fay;xm;vd k h wHawG;awGt_ywfpd k@ $ Jaewmajumih f zdxd k ;oGi f ;wJ htcg

vD;u zifaygufxJwpf_y D ;wd k ;0ifvmygw<f? t7rf;juD;wJ hvD;qd kawmh

t0ifacsmayr<fh usrzif0ppfueJusde f;pyf_yD; ememjuifjuif_zpfw<f?

'gajumih f atmf[pfnnf;vk dufrdw<f?

tJ'Dvd kemwmudkuyJt7omrd k h zifqHkjuD;udkvnf;aemufudkxd k;wGef;

42

yif hay;vd kufwmayg h? ieJom;uvnf; txmaygufw<fav? olhvD;ud k

usrzifaygufxJ qufxd k;oGif;w<f? olhjunfh7wm zifvd k ;z l;yH kw<f?

zifxJvD;xd k ;oGi f ;wm txmusw<f? 'gajumif h odyftcuftcJr@S dy J

q<fvufrausmf@Snf_yD; zifwufpDykvif;zif0d ki f;avmufwkwfwJhvD;acsmif;

juD;wacsmif;vH k ; usrzifaygufxJtqHk;0ifoGm;ygava7m?

Þ atmifr<fav;av;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- usrzifxJr Sm

_ynf hodyfoGm;wmyJ? emw<f@Si f- -emw<f? uÈwfuÈwf ß

usryg;pyfu pkwfoyfnnf;vd kufrdw<f? usrzifaygufuawmh

tqHk;_rKyf0ifaewJ h ol hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k wppfppfe J hud k!Spfaeyga7mvm;?

t0ifuawmh eufrSeufyJ? usrt7ifzifvdk;cHzl;wJhvD;awGu oufwifausmf

avmufrS r@Snfwm? rjuD;wm? zifacgif;qd kwm uGJxGufrwwfyJ?

Þ odyfemoGm;vm;- -vD;_yefxkwfvd kuf7rvm; ß

olu ar;vmw<f?

Þ 7w<f? rxkwfeJ h- - ß

43

Þ 'gqd k aqmif hvd k ;awmhr<faemf- - ß

Þ odyfawmh rjurf;eJ htke f;aemf? @Sif h[mjuD;u t7rf;juD;wm?

_znf;_znf;pvkyf- - ß

' Daemufawmhoufwifausm fu usrzi fud kpvd k ;y gawmhw<f?

ppcsif;wcsufESpfcsufom cyf_znf;_znf;cyfomomqGJxkwf_yefoGif;vkyfwm?

aemufawmh tm;_yi f ; _yi f ;e J haqmif hvd k ;y gawmhw<f? usrvnf;emvd k h

wuÈwfuÈwfeJ hpkwfoyfnnf;rdayr<fh zifjuD;udkawmh aemufudkaumhaumh

wGef;ay;rdw<f? oluvnf; tyDqufaqmif hwmayg h? odyfrjumygbl;?

ol haqmih fcsufawGu pufaoewfypfovd k _re fvm| tm;_yif;vmw<f?

ol okwfv$wfawmhr<fqd kwm w7pyf_refvm_yif;vmwJhaqmif hvd k ;csuf

awGajumif h usrodvd kufw<f?

'kwd<yd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

44

Þ tcsp fausmi f ;(2) ß

tcef;(2)

oif ;oif ; _zLonf t_ym0wÔ Kpmtky fud k tm;7yg ;7zwf@ S K7i f ;

zDvifawGwufvmum rdrdapmufywfud kxd k ;E S d Kufuvdvd kuf| ptd kayguf

av;ud kvSr f ;y Gwfvd kufESi f h t_ywfud kndr f hIaeonf? olrwudk<fvH k ;@ S d

aoG;om;wd k huvnf; qla0Iaejuavonf? juufoD;awGxvdkufwm

uvnf; ra_ymESif hawmh? _zd K;ueJzsef;ueJyif? Ø_yD;×vkvkta_ctae@S dvm

aeonfud kawmh touf(15)ESp ft@G<f| 7nf;pm;yifrxm;zl;ao;aom|

umrrSKudpPrsm;ESi f hvnf; tawGhtjuHKr@S davao;aomtys d Kaygufrav;

rod@Smao;? 7ifawGcke f | touf@SLr0| wHawG;eifovdkvd k | wudk<fvH k ;

yk@Gufqdwftaumifaygif;rsm;pGm w@G@Gav#mufoGm;aeovdkESif h woufwcg

rjuHKz l ;avao;aom tawG htm@k H>pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;r S Kud k <pfr l ;z G<f7m

cHpm;ae7onf? tES d KuftyGwfvnf; yd kjurf;vmonf? t_ym0wÔKpmtkyf

xJwGif a7;om;xm;onfwd k hud kvnf; tarmwaumyifzwf@SKaeavonf?

pmom;awGuvnf; wu<fhud kwpfwpfcGc G | yDyD_yif_yif- -?

usrudk zift_ywfvd k ;aewJ houfwifausmf okwf7nfawGxGufzd k h

ra0;awmhbl;qd kwmud k usr7dyfr dem;vnfvmw<f? usr[m zifvd k ;c HwJ h

t7omudk pG Jrufoabmusovdk | zifaygufxJokwf7nfawGyef;xnfhay;

45

wmudkvnf; t7rf;judKufygw<f? 'gajumif h- -

Þ t7nfaw Gu d k usrzi f ay gu fx Jr S m ye f ;xnf h ay ;aem f ?

zifaygufxJ_ynfhv# HxGufoGm;atmifud k yef;ay;- -[kwfvm;? aqmih fav

aqmif h- -aqmif h- -wtm;aqmif h- -r!SmeJ h? tm;yg;yg;- -tD;- -

aqmif h- -aqmif h- -trav;av; tm; ß

usrav r@SufrajumufEd lifyJ tmomirf;irf;| 7ruf_yif;_yif;eJ hud k

a_ymcsawmif;qd kvd kufrdw<f? usr7J hzifjuD;ud kvnf; aemufud kaumhjuG

v S Ky f<r f ;c gay;w<f? oluvnf; tom;uke faqmi f hawm hwmygy J ?

_yif;vd kufwJ haqmif hcsufawG@Sif? usrzifaygufqd kwm usdef;pyfylavmif_yD;

eif hueJeif hueJud k _zpfoGm;wmygyJ? 'gajumif h ptd kemwmawG| atmif hoGm;

wmawGud k ta7;rvkyfEd li fygbl;? zifZdrfawGh_yD; t7rf;ud ktDpdrf haewmudk;?

usrapmufywfxJuvnf; @Gpd@ Gp dvSKyf@ Sm;vmju_yD? usrxyfØ_yD;×awmh

r<f?

usr7J hzifaygufuvnf; tyDt_yifvd k ;aqmif haewJ hol hvD;acsmif;

juD;ud k t_ywfud kzspf!Spfpkyf<laeav7J h? ieJom; b<faeEd li fawmhrSmvJ?

usrzifud k wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ae7if; olhwudk<fvH k;xd k ;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpf_yD;

ptd kaygufxJu vD;acsmif;juD;rSmvnf; aig hueJ haig hueJvSKyfcgvmw<f?

46

apmufywfa7m| zifa7m tvdk;cHzl;wJhrdef;ryJ? okwf7nfxGufvmawmhr<fh

a@S ha_y;t7dyfta<mifqdkwm aumif;aumif;odwmaygh? a[m- -vm_yD@Sif?

usrzifacgif;aygufxJrSm okwf7nfawGyspfueJyspfueJyef;xGufvmygawmh

w<f? aumif;vd kufwm@Sif? zifyJ_zpf_zpf| apmufywfyJ_zpf_zpf tvdk;cH

7wJ htcg vdk;aewJhvD;uokwf7nfxGufvm7if cHpm;7wJhz Dvift7omu

txGwftxdyftyDt_yifvd k hqd k7avmufatmif pnf;pdrfawG h7wmuvm;?

okwf7nfxGufwJ htcgrSmolu usrzifacgif;aygufav;xJ tqHk;

0ifatmifzdaqmif hxd k ;oGif;xm;wJ hol hvD;juD;ud k w0ufausmfausmfavmuf

_yefqG Jxkwf<lvd kufw<f? yxrqH k ;xGufwJ hokwf7nfwyspf[m usr

zifayguftwGif;bufyd ki f ;ud k eufeuf@S d Ki f;@ S d Ki f ;txdud k a7mufoGm;w<f?

ol hvD;ut7rf;@ Snf _y D ; okwfv$wfwJ ht@S de fuvnf;tm;_yi f ;wmajumif h

okwf7nf[m t7ifb<fa<mufsm;7J hokwf7nfrS rxdra7mufzl;ao;wJ h

zi fayguftwGi f ;bufyd ki f ;ae7mawGtxd a7mufoGm;wmyJ? okwf7nf

xGuf_yD; vD;ud kqwfueJqG Jxkwfvd kufwJ htcs de fr Sm qufyef;xGufvmwJh

okwf7nfwyspfuawmh usrzifacgif;ayguftv<fruswusae7mup_yD;

txJbufud k ylaEG;zde f;@ S de f ;oGm;atmifud k pdrf hp D;0ifusw<f? vD;xdyfzl;u

okwf7nfawGyef;xkwf7if; olhvD;udkzifaygufxJu qwfueJqGJxkwfw<f?

aemufawmhol hvD;juD;u usrzifaygufxJuae uÈwfxGufoGm;w<f?

47

qufyef;xkwfvd kufwJ hokwf7nfawGu zifvd k ;xm;vd k h [_yJ_y J

tmwmwm_zpfaewJ h ptd kaygufay:ud k wef;wef;rwfrwfusvmw<f?

'Djum;xJolu usr7J hzifom;w_crf;ud k vufacsmif;awGeJ hususeetkyfud kif

_y D;qG J _z Jxm;ao;w<f? 'Dawmhokwf7nfawGu zif0ud ky d k _y D;y Dy D _yif_yif

xdrdusrduke fwmayg h?

usrav t7ifwkef;uzifvd k ;c Hc J hz l;ayr<fh 'Dvd krs d K ;okwf7nfud k

zifayguftwGif;bufyd ki f ; eufeuf@S d Ki f ;@ S d Ki f ;upvd k h zifacgif;wav#muf

okwfv$wfxkwfay;oGm;@k Homru ptdk0ud kay:yg ususeeyef;xnfhwmrs d K;

rcHcJ hz l;ao;ygbl;? zifaygufxJvD;xd k;oGif;ESpfp dr f_yD; okwf7nfyef;xnfhay;

wmrs d K ;y J juHKzl;ao;wmyg? tck[mu zifaygufxJrSma7m| ptd k0rSmyg

okwf7nfawG_ynf hodyfae_yD; (zifvd k ;c H7wJ ht@S de fajumif h 7rufxefzDvif

wuf_yD; zkzkazgif;azgif;juD;_zpfaewJhapmufywftay:ud kawmif wtdtd

pD;usvmygw<f? apmufywfvnf; okwf7nfeJ hxdawG h _y D; qwfqwfwkef

vmw<f? usr wcsDxyfØ_yD;×oGm;7_yefygw<f? usrwudk<fvH k;[mvnf;

_zd K;ueJzsef;ueJ_zpfae7w<f? usr7J hvufwbuf[mvnf; apmufywfqD

a7mufo Gm ; _y D ; tky fu d ki fy Gw faer dw<f? zi fa7m | apmufywfa7m

ESpfaygufvH k ;r Sm t_ywfud kt7omawGhaewmygyJ@Si f- -

zwf@ S K aeaomtys d K ay gu frav;r S mvnf ; wud k< fv H k ;y l aE G ;

48

zdef;@S de f;v#uf wcsDØ_yD;×oGm;avonf? apmufywfxJrS Ø_yD;×IxGufvmaom

t7nfjunfwd k h awmufawmuf<d kusovd k | p lwlwlE ktdtdptd kayguf

av;vnf; yGvd kuf@S H K hvd kufvSKy f@ Sm;aeonf? t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfr Smvnf;

wrsufESmcef homusefaeav7m| oif;oif;_zLu qHk;atmifqufIzwfjunfh

avonf?

_roDwmatmif b<fvd kta_ctaersm;_zpfaevdrf hrvJvd k h usr

vSr f ; junf hv d ku fr dw<f? apmapmwke f ;uawmh ud k<f hz Dvi fe J hu d k< f

t_ywfndrf haewmajumif h _roDwmatmifud kawmif owdr_yKEd li fygbl;?

tckrS vSrf;junfhr dwm? aumifruusrxufawmifrS yd k ØuJ×yd k Øa[mh×ae

wmygvm;? tmrufeJ h[kwfpde fwd k hE Sp fa<mufu 0d ki f ;!Syfvd k ;aejuwm?

zifeJ hapmufywfud k w_ydKi fwnf;tvdk;cH_yD; t7omt_ywfawGhaejuwm?

ukvm;u_ym;tmrufu _roDwmatmif7J htay:ucGvd k h? zifaqmfaewm

ayg haemf? _roDwmatmifu tmruf7JatmufrSm arSmufcke fruswus?

ol hatmufrSmawmh w@kwfu_ym;[kwfpde fu yufvuf? _roDwmatmif7J h

apmufywfud k atmufuaevD;aumhaumhxd k;oGif;_yD; vd k;aqmif haewm?

zifaqmfaewJ h tmruf7J hzi frnf;rnf;a_ymi fa_ymi fjuD;uvnf;

wvS Ky fv S Ky f e J h av? tJ a<muf s m ;E Sp f a<muf jum;r Sny f _y D ;aew J h

_roDwmatmifua7m? t_idrfraeygbl;? olhzifqH kjuD;ud k aumhvd kuf|

49

<rf;vd kuf| juGufvd kuf| ES dr f hvd kufeJ h oH k;a<mufvH k;t7rf;t@S de fwufae

juwm? vd k ;aejuwJha<mufsm;ESp fa<mufuvnf; olwd k h7 J hvD;awGud k

ud k<fvd k ;aewJhtaygufxJ t_ywfud kaqmif haqmif hoGif;vd k h? olwd k h Ø _y D;×vk

eD;juwmudk usr7dyfrdygw<f?

a[m- -? usrvSr f ; junf hv d ku f _y D ;v d k h c^tjumr Smy J

zifvd k;aewJhukvm;u_ym;aumif acgif;armh| zifaumh_yD; wGef hueJwGef hueJ

_zpfoGm;w<f? _roDwmatmif7J hyg;pyfuvnf; wtD;tD;wtm;tm;atmfoH

awGay:vmw<f? ukvm;u_ym;aumifu _roDwmatmif7J hzifaygufxJrSm

okwf7nfawGyef;xnf hay;vd kufyg_y D? aemufawmh atmufqH k ;bufu

[kwfpde fuvnf; xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfw<f? olvnf; okwf7nfxGuf_yef

yg _y D? jum;!Syf _y D ;tvd k ;c HaewJ h _roDwmatmifvnf; aumhys HwGe f hvde f

vmw<f? aemufawmh oH k;a<mufom;_idr fusoGm;ygava7m- - ?

t_ym0wÔ KtqH k ;owfoGm;onf? 0wÔ KaemufqH k ;pmajumi f ;>

ab;wGif t~Fvdyfpm_zif h ØAG D~ Gwf×[ka7;om;xm;onfud k oif;oif;_zL

_rifrdonf? olrpdwfxJ Za0gZ0g_zpfoGm;onf? onfvdka7;om;rSwfcsufcs

wmrs d K ;u d k aumi f ;aumi f ; _ri fz l ;o dz l ;xm;ovd k p dw fxJxi fr donf?

aoaocsmc sm junf hv d ku f7m | r dr dw d k ht~ Fv dy fpmavhusi f h ce f ;r sm ;u d k

trSwfay;7mwGif trSwfaumif;onf htcg rSwfcsufcsa7;om;ay;onfh

50

q7mudkp d k ;armif>vufa7;rs d K ; _zpfonfud k awGh7onf? oif;oif;_zLonf

tuif;yg;aomrdef;uav;wa<muf_zpfay7m| xdkrSwfcsuftay:ta_ccHum

Tpmtkyfonf q7mudkpd k;armif>pmtkyf_zpfv#uf 0if;rd k;uwenf;enf;_zif h

7<lvm_cif;_zpf7rnf[k 'ufueJawG;rdavonf? xdk h _yif tjuHtpnf

pdwful;wckvnf; acgif;xJwGifay:vmonf?

pmtkyfvnf;zwf_yD; ud k<f htzkwfESi fptd kwd k hud k ud k<f hzmomudk<f

uvdyGwfI t7omuvnf;cH<l_yD;_yDr d k h oif;oif;_zLonf apmufywf

w0d kufwGifayusHaeonfrsm;ud k a7aq;oef hpifum| twGif;cHabmif;bD

_ye fqG J0wfv#uf t0wftpm;r sm ;aoaooyfoyf _zp fatmi f _y K _yi f _y D ;

tdrfomcef;xJrS _yefxGufvmcJ havonf? tcsde fud kuf[kqd k7avrnfvm;?

oif;oif; _zL tdr fomcef;xJr StxGufr Smyif ausmif ;wufacgi f ;avmif;

xd k ;onf?

oi f ;oi f ; _ z Lvnf ; t_ym0w Ô Kpmt ky f av;u d ktomvdy fum

vufxJwGi fud ki fI rdr dpmoifce f ;@ S d7mqDod k h _ye fvmcJ honf? 0if;r d k ;E Si f h

wefcsi f ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufuawmh pmoifcef ;xJ0ifvmaomoif;oif; _zLud k

rsufpdrsufESmysufESif h vSrf;junfhjuavonf? vufxJwGifvdyfIudkifvm

onfrSm t_ym0wÔKpmtkyf_zpfajumif; t_cm;ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;

rodjuaomfvnf; olwd k hE Sp fa<mufuawmh odaejuonf?

51

onfaumifrav; wae7m7mudkoGm;_yD; t_ym0wÔKzwf_yD;avmuf_yD

[kpOf ;pm;r djuawmh aumifav;ESp fa<mufyd kIxly l7ifc ke fvmjuonf?

oif;oif;_zL>vufxJrSt_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k b<fvdk_yefawmif;7rnfrod?

pmoifcs de fr d k h pmoifjum;rnf hq7mruvnf; tcef ;xJ0i fvmav7m|

0i f ;r d k ;w d k hr Sm t_ym0wÔ Kpmtky f _ye fawmi f ;z d k h a0;p G ? oif ;oi f ; _zLE Si f h

pum;yifra_ymEd li fjuawmhay?

aemufvmrnfhpmoifcs de fr Sm q7mrcifarmf@Srf;>tcsde f _zpfav7m|

oif;oif;_zL>acgif;xJwGif pdwful;qef;av;wck _zdK;ueJ_zwfueJay:I

vmonf? tysd Kaygufrav;wa<muf> cyf@l;@l;p dwful;av;?

pmoifcs def_yD;oGm;I aemufwcsdeftul;ta_ymif; q7mrcifarmf@Srf;

a7mufrvmao;cif <refaehuay;xm;cJ haomtdr fpmrsm;vky fxm;onf h

pmtky fr sm;ud k q7mrpm;y G Jay:oGm;Ixyf7av7m| oif ;oif ; _zLonf

t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfyg;av;udk rdrd>tdrfpmavhusifhcef;pmtkyfjum;wGif!Syfum

wifay;xm;vd kufonf?

c^tjumwGi f pmoifce f ;xJod k h q7mr0ifa7mufvmonf?

oifaeus_zpfaom q7mrcifarmf@Srf;awmhr[kwf? cifarmf@Srf;ausmif;udpP

_zif ht_yifod k hxGufoGm;7I tpm;xdk;0ifa7mufvmaom q7mra':cifarpd k;

52

_zpfonf? cifarmf@Srf;oifjum;onfhocsFmbmom7yfudkyif oifaomq7mr

_zpfavonf? cifarpd k ;u touf(30)0ef;usif | tom;cyfvwfvwf|

@ ky f7n ftoi f htwi f h _ zp fonf ? t7y f (5)ay(3)vufrce f h _ ri f honf ?

twe fi<f0 _z d K ;onf? wi fqH k ju D ; ju D ; | ay gi fv H k ;ay gi fwe f ju D ;awG

_ynfh_ynfhawmifhawmifhESif hrd k h 00wpfwpfwayGhwydkufudk<fvHk;udk<fxnfjuD;

[kawmh qdkEd li fayonf?

ci farm f@ Sr f ;r[kw fy J t_cm ;ocs F mq7mr_zp faeaomajumi f h

oif;oif;_zLpdwfawmhysufoGm;onf? 'gayr<fh t_ymt_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k

_yef<lIvnf;r7Ed li fawmhaomajumif h onftwdki f;yifxm;vd kuf7onf?

q7mra':ci farp d k ;E Si f h q7mud kp d k ;armi fw d k h Zmwfvr f ; _zp fo Gm ;vnf ;

rqd k ;y gb l ;[ k pO f ;pm ;r davonf? tpm;xd k ;pmoi fay;@ k Hoi fay; _y D ;

tdr fpmavhusif hce f ;awGud kawmh q7mra':cifarpd k ;ujunfh@ S Krppfaq;

ay;v#if rdrdtjuH_zpfa_rmufaumif;_zpfa_rmufEdlifao;onf[k ar#mfvifhcsuf

av;xm;rdonf?

odk haomfq7mra':cifarpd k;u oifcef;pmudktenf;i<fomoifjum;

_yD; ocsFmykðmavhusif hcef;rsm;twGufcd ki f;v#uf tdrfpmavhusif hcef;pmtkyf

rsm;udk twef;xJrSmyifppfaq;junfh@SKonf? oif;oif;_zL7ifawGw'def;'def;

c ke fIaeonf? r dr d>tdr fpmavhusi f hce f ;pmt ky fx Jw Gi f! Sy fxm;aom

53

t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud kawG hoGm;v#if twef;xJr Smyif _y\emwckckwuf

v#iftcuf[k awG;ajumufaeonf? tdrfud k<loGm;I at;at;aq;aq;

junf h@ S KtrSwfay;ae7i f ;awG hoGm;v#i fawmh wrs d K ;r[kwfvm;? <ck

twef;xJwGif ausmif;olausmif;om;trsm;a@S hwGifqd kawmh q7mra':cif

arpd k;@Suf7rf;7rf;um uGdKifwufvmv#if cufukefvmEl difonfr[kwfygvm;?

oif;oif;_zLrSm ocsFmykðmudk a_zmih fa_zmif hyifrwGufEd li f? q7mr

a':cifarpd k ;ud kom rodrom rjumc^vSrf;ItuJcwfjunfh@ S Kaeonf?

oif;oif;_zL>ae7mrSm pmoifcef;a@S hbuf'kwd<wef;xd ki fc ke fwGif _zpf7m

q7mra':cifarpd k ;E Si f h odyfra0;? rdrd>tdrfpmavhusif hcef;pmtkyfonf

pmtky fy H k>tv<fy d ki f ;avmufwGi f@ S dae7m tay:buf@ S dpmtky fr sm;ud k

wtkyf_yD;wtkyfavsmhoGm;wdkif; oif;oif;_zL>7ifckefpdwfvSKyf@Sm;rSKuvnf;

y d kIy d kIom wd k ;vm7avonf? aemufqH k ;awm h olr>pmtky fu d k

a':ci farp d k ;<lvd kufwm oif ;oif ; _zLawG h7avonf? (xd kpmtky fud k

a' G ; y H k y g aom _yu Q' d e f pm@ Gu f _zi f h ususeez H k ;t ky fxm ;aomajumi f h

cyfrvSrf;rurf;rSvSrf;junfhonfESif h rdrd>pmtkyfrSe f; oif;oif;_zLod_cif;

_zpfonf) oif;oif;_zLrSm touf@SL7efyifarhoGm;onf? a':cifarpdk;udkvnf;

tai;om;vSrf;junf hr dae@Smonf?

a[m- -? q7mra':cifarpd k ; tdrfpmavhusif hce f ;pmtkyfud k

54

zGif hvd kufyg_yD? txJwGif!Syfxm;aomt_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k awGhoGm;avmuf

yg_y D? xd kaemuf q7mra':cifarpd k ;>rsufESm wrs d K ; _zpfoGm;ovd kvd k

oi f ;oi f ; _zLxi fonf? oif ;oi f ; _zLa_cz sm ;vufz sm ;awGat;pufum

7ifw'def;' de f;cke fIvmonf? xdk h _yif q7mra':cifarpd k ;onf avhusif hcef;

pmtkyfud kz Gi f hxm;v#uf wckckzwf@S Kaewmudkvnf; quf_rif7onf?

t_ym0wÔKpmtky fud k zwfr doGm;av_yD? q7mra':cifarpd k ;>

rsufESmay:wGifvnf; ESif;qDa7mifoef;vmonfud k (aoaocsmcsmpl;pd kuf

junfh@ S KtuJcwfaeonfhtwGuf) oif;oif;_zL_rif7onf? onft_ym

0wÔKpmtkyfud k rdrdzwf@S Kc J hpOfu cHpm;cJ h7aomcHpm;rS Krs d K ; a':cifarpd k ;

c Hpm;7um pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;aoG;om;qla0vm_yDvm;[kvnf; oif;oif;_zL

xifr donf?

a':cifarpd k;onf oif;oif;_zL>avhusif hcef;pmtkyfudkzGif hv#ufom;

tcs de ftawmfjumatmif@S daeonf? olr>vufuawmh rodrompm@Guf

vSefovdkvd k wcsufwcsufvSKyf@Sm;Iaeonfudkvnf; oif;oif;_zLawGh_rif

7onf? t_ym0wÔ Kpmtky fud k p dwf0i fpm;p Gmzwf@ S Kaeygyaum? rdr d

xifoavmuf ta_ctaerqdk;Ed lif[kem;vnfum oif;oif;_zLajumufvefh

wkefvSKyfaeonfhpdwfawG tweftoif ha_yavsmhonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;

>cEÉmud k<f rodromvSKyf@ Sm;vmonfud kvnf; oif;oif;_zLowd_yKrd

55

vmonf? 00wpfwpfzifjuD;onf xd ki fc ke fay:[d ka@G honfa@G h _zpfonf?

wkwf_zdK;avaomaygifvH k;aygifwefjuD;awG aphoGm;vd kuf| [oGm;vd kufESif h

rodromaygifcsif;uyfyGwfaeonf? atmufESKwfcrf;udk oGm;_zif hudkufonf?

touf@SL_yif;vmonfhtoGif_zifh a@$7ifrd k hrd k htdtdwdk h edrf h_rif hvSKyf@Sm;aeonf?

tcsdeftenf;i<ftjumwGifawmh a':cifarpd k;wa<muf cyfid kifid kif

awGawGvnf;_zpfonf? xdkaemuf oif;oif;_zL>avhusif hcef;pmtkyfud k

y dwfum ab;od k hrodromz<fxm;vd kufonf? ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;

qD dod k h tuJcwfovdkwcsuf0if hjunfhonf? oif;oif;_zLuref;uwef;

acgi f ;i H k hum ocs FmwGufaeovd krs d K ;[efaqmifaevd kuf7onf? q7mr

a':cifarpd k ;vnf; useftdrfpmavhusif hcef;pmtkyfrsm;ud k qufIjunfh@S K

trSwfay;onf?

pmtkyfrsm;ud ktukefjunfh@ S K _y D;aomtcg wa<mufcsif;>emrnf

ud kac:I pmtkyfawG_yefay;onf? oif;oif;_zLud k oH k;a<mufa_rmufwGif

emrnfac:onf? oif;oif;_zLonf rdrdtrnfud kac:I xdki f7mrSxum

pmtkyf<l7efoGm;aomtcg a':cifarpd k ;>pl;pd kufjunfh@ S K _cif;ud kc H7onf?

pmtkyf_yeftay;wGifvnf; a':cifarpd k ;u oif;oif;_zLud k aoaocsmcsm

pl;pd kufjunfh@S Konf? oif;oif;_zLvnf; pdwfxJuwkefu7if| cyfwkefwkef

vSKyfvSKyfESi f hyif rdrdxd ki fc ke fod k h _yefvmcJ honf? xdki fc ke fod k ha7mufonfESif h

56

pmtkyfudk rodromzGifhIjunfhonf? txJwGif!Syfxm;aomt_ym0wÔKpmtkyf

r@S dawmhyg? oif;oif;_zLwGufxm;aom tdrfpmavhusif hcef;rsm;ud kawmh

trSwfr_cpfxm;ay? q7mra':cifarpd k;onf (9)wef;(pD)wGif ocsFm_yaeol

_zpf7m| Ttwef;rSvlrsm;ud k emrnfESi f hvlESi f hwG JIrodI rdrdtrnfud k

wri fo d7atmi f avhusi f hce f ;pmt ky fr sm ;u d k emrnfac:I_ye fay; _ci f ;

_zpfonfudkvnf; oif;oif;_zLem;vnfvdkufonf? junfh@SKppfaq;_yD;onfh

pmtkyfrsm;ud k twef;acgif;aqmifvufod k hay;vd kufv#ifvnf; udpP_yD;Ed li f

onf?

xd kae hnaeausmi f ;qif ;aomtcgwGi fr S 0i f ;r d k ;E Si f hwe fc si f ;wd k h

E Sp fa<muf oif;oif;_zLESif hqH kc Gi f h7juonf?

Þ i gw d k h pmt ky f _ye fay ;y g[m- -ei f <lrxm;y ge J h aem f ?

wd k huG d Ki fwufvdrf hr<f ß

wefcsif;u a_ymonf?

Þ tJ'g b<folhpmtkyfvJ- - ß

aumifav;ESpfa<muf| wa<mufrsufESmudkwa<mufjunfhonf?

57

pum;r_yef?

Þ eifwd k hra_ymvJ igodygw<f[m? q7mpd k ;7 J h pmtkyfr[kwf

vm;- - ß

aumifav;ESpfa<muf oif;oif;_zLud ktvef hwjum;junfhvd kuf

juonf?

Þ at;- -tJ'Dpmtkyf_yefvd kcsif7if 'Dvd krs d K ;aemufwtkyf<lvmcJ h?

'grS _yef7r<f? 'gyJ- - ß

oif;oif; _zLcyf _ywf_ywfa_ymum aZmif haZmif hqd kav#mufvSr f ;

xGufoGm;juav7m| 0if;r d k ;E Si f hwefcsi f ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf| tajumifom;

ai;usefae7pfcJ hjuonf?

58

a':cifarpd k;onf tdrfaxmifrusao;aomrdef;rwa<muf_zpfonf?

od k haomf tysd Kpifwa<mufawmh r[kwfyg? 7nf;pm;oH k;a<muf@S dc J hz l;um

terf;tpkyf| tudki ftyGwfcHcJ hz l;onfhtawGhtjuHK @S doif hoavmuf@S dae

cJ honf? _yD;awmh ESpfcgvnf; tvdk;cHz l;onf? a_ym7v#if 7<fp7mvm;|

tH hjop7mvm;awmhrod? cifarpd k ;ESi f humrpyf<SufcJ holu olh7nf;pm;rsm;

xJrS wa<mufrSr[kwfjuyg? odyfcifcifrifrif7if;7if;E S D ;E S D ;@ S dvSolyif

r[kwf? rsufrSe f ;wef;r d@ k Hr#om_zpfonf?

a' :ci f arp d k ;on f q<fwe f ; atmi f _ y D ;on f htc s d e f r S pum

abmf'gaqmifwGifaexdkifausmif;wufcJ h _yD; tvkyfvnf;wef;IvkyfcJ honf?

abmf'gaqmifaerde f ;uav;wd k h>obm0twdki f ; t_ym0wÔKrsm;ud kzwfzl;

ovdk | t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyfrsm;ud kvnf; junfhzl;onf? ukefukefa_ym7v#if

t_ymAD' D<d kyifv#if (eD;pyf7mtaqmifolwpk,pkum) wdwfwcd k ;junfh@ S K

z l ;c J honf? xd kajumif h oif;oif ; _zL>avhusi f hce f ;pmtky fav;xJwGi f

!Syfxm;aom pmtkyfyg;av;ud k _rifvd kuf7onfESif h t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrSe f;

'ufueJodcJ honf? <cifu awmfawmfrsm;rsm;zwf@SKzl;cJ honfhtawGhtjuHK

(zwf7if; zDvift7omawGhum cHpm;7ifckefcJhrSKuvnf;@SdcJhonf?) rsm;ajumifh

t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfpmtkyfr Se f;odonfESi f h wcgwnf;zwfjunfhr donf?

zwfjunfhr dawmhvnf; zDvifwuf7onf? pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;7onf?

59

xdkh_yif a':cifarpd k;zwfzl;cJ haom t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrsm;u onf0wÔKavmuf

raumif;juyg? Zmwfvrf;ZmwfuGufodyfr@S dovdk ta7;tom;uvnf;

nH hz si f ;onf? onf0wÔ Kuawmh tawmfud ky D _yi fav7m zwf7wm

t7r f ;aumi f ;onf ? a':ci farp d k ; o dy fvnf ;oabmuso Gm ;onf ?

onfaumifrav;bm7nf@G<fcsufeJh t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfudk tdrfpmavhusifhcef;

pmtkyfxJwGif!Syfum wifay;7oenf;[kvnf;pOf;pm;onf? q7mrav;

cifarm f@ Sr f ;E Si f h wdwfwqdwf~s dwfqufvky fum oif;oif ; _zLqd kaom

aumifrav; t_ym0wÔKawG@Smay;aewmrsm;vm;[kvnf; rSef;qjunfhrd

onf?

ta7;tom;yD_yifum t7rf;yifzwfIaumif;vSaomt_ym0wÔKrd k h

onfpmtkyfrsdK; xyfrHzwfjunfhcsifonf? xdkaemuf aemufaemifwenf;enf;

_zif htquftoG<f7<lEl difrnfhenf;vrf;udk @SmjuHrnf[laom7nf@G<fcsuf

_zi f h oif ;oi f ; _zLqd kaomr de f ;uav; rnfolrnf0 g[kod7avatmi f

vkyfc J h _cif;_zpfonf?

taqmif_yefa7mufawmh a':cifarpd k;onf Þusrwdk hESpfa<mufESif h

a<mu f s m ; av;a<mu f ß trn f@ S dt _ym0w Ô Ku d k p d r f a _ yea _yyi f

tcsdef<lumzwf@SKjunfhonf? zwf7if;zDvifawGwufum [dkudkifonfyGwf

[d kE S d KufonfES d Kufvkyf7if; t7om<lcJ havonf?

60

0if;r d k ;r Sm oif;oif;_zL<loGm;aomt_ym0wÔKpmtkyf _yefr7aom

ajumifh tpydkif;wGif tawmfav;7wufayGaecJ havonf? q7mudkpd k;armif

xHr S t_ym0wÔ Kpmtky fwtky f wdwfwqdwfxyfr H<lz d k hyi f r0 H hr7 J

@S daecJ honf?

Þ oluawmif rsufESma_ymifa_ymife J h aemufxyfpmtkyfxyf<l

vm_yD; vJay;7r<fvd k ha_ymao;wm? igwd k hu bmwGef hqkwfwGef hqkwf

vky faep7m@ S dv JuG? xyfom<lay;vd ku f? ol ' Dpmtky fawGzwf _y D ;

zDvifwufvmrSmuawmh taotcsmyJ? tJ'Dawmh oleJ higwd k h tvkyf_zpf

juwmayg h ? 'gqd k7i f igwd k hz d k hpmawG homr[kwfy J wu<fvufawG h

r de f ;rcs7rSmuG- - ß

wefcsi f ;u Todk ha_ymqd kwd kufwGe f ;onf htwGuf 0if;r d k ;onf

aemufqH k ;wGi fawmh q7mud kp d k ;armifodr f ;xm;onf h t_ym0wÔKpmtkyf

rsm;xJrS wtkyf<lvmay;zd k h oabmwlvd kuf7avonf?

Tod k h _zi f haemufwae hwGi f 0i f ;r d k ;onf q7mud kp d k ;armi f>

t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfwtkyfudk wdwfwqdwf<lvmcJh7avonf? onfwacguf

tvpf<l7mwGif <cif<lcJ haomtcgrsm;xuf yd kIpdwfvSKyf@Sm;7ifwkefum

ajumufvef hovdkvd kvnf; @S d7avonf? onfwacguf0if;rd k ;<lvmonfh

61

t_ym0wÔ Kpmt ky ftrnfu Þ avay Grav;ß ? Zmw fvr f ;uawm h

trsdK;orD;wa<muf olr>vifa<mufsm;ESif hpum;rsm;um oli<fcsif;r>

tdrfod k hacwWvmaecd kuf oli<fcsif;rwd k hvifr<m;umrpyf<Sufjuonfudk

acsmi f ;junf hawG h _ri fum 7rufpdwfrsm;xjuGvmv#if oli<fcsi f ;r>

a<musfm;ud k ÕrLqG<f_zm;a<mif;um vdk;juaqmfjuonfhtajumif;

_zpfayonf?

0if;rd k ;E Si f hwefcsif;wd k honf xdkt_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k cgwd ki f ;pmtkyf

awGvdkyif t7omcHum at;at;aq;aq;rzwfEd lifjuyJ [dkvSefonfausmf

oabmavmufomzwf@SK7v#uf oif;oif;_zL>vufod k h ay;tyfvd kufju

7avonf? pmtky fo Gm ;ay;7e f 0i f ;r d k ;ursufE Smy lavaomajumi f h

wefcsif;u oGm;ay;onf? w@kwfu_ym;aumifav;rSm olESif houfwl@G<fwl

tys d Kzse f;rav;tm; t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfoGm;ay;7aomajumif h (rdrdud k<frdrd

tm;ay;um| pdwftxl;wif;xm;ygaomfvnf;) rsufESmjuD;eDeD| wudk<fvHk;

wkef7ifylxlv#uf tawmfyiftda_ENysufaeavonf? oif;oif;_zLuawmh

b<fvdkr#trlt7mrysuf? ausmif;pmtkyfiSm;<lovdkrs dK; cyfat;at;av;yif

t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k<loGm;avonf? wefcsif;rSm oif;oif;_zL<lxm;cJ h

avaom Þusrwd k hE Sp fa<mufeJ ha<mufsm;av;a<mufßpmtkyfud k t_ref

_yefay;zd k h owday;a_ymjum;7efyif arhaecJ havonf?

62

t_ym0wÔKpmtky f7onfESi f h oif;oif; _zLonf tdr fomcef ;xJ

csufcsi f ;0i fum tyDt_yifud ktm;7yg;7zwfavonf? ÞavayGrav;ß

t_ym0wÔKu Þusrwd k hE Sp fa<mufeJ ha<mufsm;av;a<mufßpmtkyfxufyif

y d kaumif ;aeonf? ta7;tom;y d knufonf? oif ;oif ; _zLwa<muf

pmrsufESm(40)@S daomt_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k pmrsufESm(20)cef hzwf@S Kt_yD;

rSmyif (oli<fcsif;rwdk hvifr<m;vdk;juonfudk acsmif;junfhzDvifwufum

w^SmxjuG7yH kr sm;ud k a7;xm;onf htyd ki f ; _zp fygonf?) rdr duk d<fr dr d

ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfuvd7if; wcs D Ø _y D;×7avonf?

wcs D Ø _y D ; ×o Gm ;onf hw d ki f umrp dw fu tenfrxd ki fc si fao;?

oli<fcsif;r>vifawmfarmifudk {nfhonftrsdK;orD;u ÕrLqG<f_zm;a<mif;

yH ktajumif;awG qufzwfaeonf? pmtkyfud k vufrSrcsEd li f? {nfhonf

trs d K ;orD; ÕrLqG<f_zm;a<mif;yH kuvnf; ynmom;ygonf? tpyd ki f ;wGif

rodrom| aemufyd ki f ;wGi f ododomom| xd kaemuf cyfjurf;jurf; |

cyf7rf;7rf;? (@kyf@SifAD'D<dkwdk htac: Øwifyd k×u) w_znf;_znf;wufvmonf?

_zm;a<mif;aoG;aqmifrSKatmif_rifv#uf ESpfa<mufom;tvkyf_zpfjuawmh

rnfhta_ctaeodk hta7mufwGif 0wÔKu_yD;oGm;onf? Ø'kwd<yd kif;qufzwf

yg ×[laomt!$e f ;pmom;u (pmtky fxJr S Zmwf@ S de f _ri f hvmr S KE Si f htwl

7rufaZmt[kefwd k h w7dyf7dyfEd k ;juGxef_yif;vm7avol) oif;oif;rif;ud k

tjuD;tus<f rcsif hr7J_zpfoGm;aponf? oif;oif;_zLrSm Ø_yD;×vkvkvnf

63

@S dae7avonf? aemufxyfwrsufESm| ESpfrsufESmavmufxyfzwf7v#if

oif;oif;_zL 'kwd<tjudrfØ_y D;×oGm;rSmu aocsmonf?

<ckawmh t7rf;zwfIaumif;um t7omt_ywfawG haecd kuf

Ø'kwd<ydkif;qufzwfyg×[ka7;om;xm;7m| aumifrav;tzdk h tjuD;tus<f

rausreyf_zpf7onf? rauseyfvnf; qufzwfp7mpmrsufESmr@S dawmh

onfrd k h oif;oif;_zLonf a@S hy d ki f ;pmrsufESmoH k ;av;rsufESm_yefvSe fum

xyfzwfjunf hv#ufz Dvif<lum Ø_y D ; ×oGm;7avatmif apmufywfud k

cyfjurf;jurf;xd k ;E S d Kufuvday;vd kuf7m wc^twGif;r Smyif Ø_yD; ×oGm;

cJ havonf?

x d ktc gr S q7mud kp d k ; armi fonf t_ym0wÔ KE Si f h yw foufI

rnfo d k h aomr Sw fc su fay;xm;avrnfv J[ k aemufqH k ;pmr su fE S mu d k

_yefjunfhonf? (apmapmwkef;uawmh zDvift_ywfwufum Ø_yD;×vkØ_yD;×cif

_zpfaeavaomajumif h q7mudkp d k ;armif>rSwfcsufud k owdr_yKrdcJ hay?

Þ AJ7D;AJ7D;~Gwf? puUif;ywftpfpf rd k ;bufwm ß

t~Fvdy fvd ka7;om;xm;aomr Swfc sufE Si f h q7mud kp d k ;armi f>

vufrSwfwd kav;ud k _rif7onf? udk;wef;ausmif;olwa<mufrd k h q7m

64

ud kp d k ;armi f>r Swfc sufr Sm Þt7rf ;t7r f ;aumi f ;onf? ' kwd<yd ki f ;u

y d kIaumi f ;onfß[kt" dy ` g< f@ S d a jumi f ; em;vnfoabmaygufonf?

onfawmhvnf; Þavay Grav;ß' kwd<yd ki f ;u d k t7r f ;t7r f ;zwfc si f

vmonf?

0if;rd k;wdk hudk 'kwd<ydkif;t_ref<lvmay;zd k ha_ymv#if aumif;rvm;[k

pOf;pm;rdao;onf? od k haomf q7mra':cifarpd k ;xHrSpmtkyfud k _yef<l

ay;rnf[ka_ymxm;aompum;uvnf;@ S dae7m| Ø' kwd<yd ki f ; ×qufvuf

zwfjunfhcsi faeonfhp dwfqENud k judK;pm;umcs d K ;E S dr fxde f ;uGyfxm;vd kuf

7avonf? apmufywfw0d kufwGifayusHaeaom apmuf7nfjunfcÈJusdusd

r sm;ud k aq;ajumoef hpi f | t0wftpm;rsm;aoaooyfoyf_zp fatmif

_yK_yif_yD;aemuf tdrfomcef;xJrS oif;oif;_zLxGufvmcJ havonf?

jud Kwiftcs de f ;tcsuf _y Kvky fxm;v#i fyi fv#i f vG Jacsm faumi f ;

vGJacsmfrnf? oif;oif;_zLtdrfomxJrStxGuf| pjuFefvrf;twdkif;av#mufvm

aomq7mra':cifarpd k ;E Si f h tdrfomt0ifwHcg;aygufem;wGif yufyif;yif

7ifqd ki fwd k ;r djuavonf? zwfaumif;aumif;ESi f h t_ym0wÔKud k tyDzwf

aecJ havaomajumif h rke f hpm;qif;cs de fvGe fum| pmoifonfhtcs de fod k hyif

a7mufaeav_yD? ausmif;om;ausmif;oltaygif;rSm tm;vH k;pmoifcef;rsm;

xJa7mufaejuv#uf pjuFe fvrf ;wav#muf vloluif ;@ Si f ;aeonf?

65

a':cifarpd k ;E Si f h oif;oif;_zLwd k hE Sp fa<mufwnf;om@S donf?

E Sp fa<mufvH k ; a_cvSr f ;awGwH k h7y foGm;juonf? wa<muf

txmudkwa<muf tvdkvd kyifem;vnfoabmaygufonf? oif;oif;_zL

vufx Jw Gi f tomvdy fIud k i fxm;aomt_ym0wÔ Kpmt ky fy g ;av;u d k

a':ci farp d k ;r sufap hu _ri f _zp fatmi f _ri fonf? oif ;oif ; _zLuvnf;

'Dvd ka':cifarpd k ; _rifajumif;ud k od_zpfatmifodonf?

Þ atmf- -rif;u pmtkyftopf7vm_yefwmudk;- - ß

a':cifarpd k ;u tom_yH K ;7<fuma_ymonf? tm;vH k ;td kaurSm

p d k a _yo Gm ;7avatmi f vr f ;ci f ;tpy s d K ; ay ;v d ku f _ci f ; _ zp f avonf ?

oif;oif;_zLtzdk hvnf; a':cifarpdk;vrf;cif;ay;onfhtwdkif; tomav#mufeif;

vd kufoGm;@ k Hom@S dawmhonf?

Þ [kwfw<fwDcsm- -t7rf;aumif;wmyJ? wDcsm zwfjunfh

tkef;rvm;- - ß

oif;oif;_zLuvnf; a_ymcsvd kufonf? pdwfxJwGiftenf;i<f

vSKyf@Sm;zd karmaeaomfvnf; toHrwkef| trlt7mrysufyJ a@Sma@Sm@SL@SLyif

66

a_ymxGufonf? q7mra':ci farp d k ;uvnf; taumif ;pm;t_ym0wÔK

pmtkyfawG xyfrHzwf@SKcsifaeonfhtmoDo_yif;_ypGm@S daeav7m tjudKuf

awGhoGm;onf? Þa7mif;ol0<fol toHwlß[kqdk7rvdkyif txmusoGm;onf?

Þ [m- -zwfrSmayg huG? ay;av- - ß

Þ wDcsmhqDa7mufaewJhpmtkyf _yefay;av ß

Þ atmf- -7ygw<f- - ß

a':cifarpd k ;u cyf_y H K ; _y H K ;a_ymum| vG<fxm;aompvif;buf

(yc ke f ;o d ki f ;om;a7tdwf )ud kz Gi f hum Þusrwd k hE Sp fa<mufe J h a<muf sm ;

av;a<mufß t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k xkwfay;avonf? rdrdwd k hE Sp fa<muf

tjum;| bmr#@Suf@G H haemufwGef haep7mrvdkyJ bGif;bGif;@Si f;@Si f;vkyfaqmif

Ed li fajumif; odomatmif_yvd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ 'Dpmtkyfud k wDcs<fjudKufvm; ß

ÞavayGrav;ßESif hvJvS<f<l7if; oif;oif;_zLuar;onf?

67

Þ judKufwmayg huG? tckaemuf[mu 'ghxufyd kaumif;vm; ß

Þ aumif;w<fwDcs<f? zwfomjunfh? odyfrd kufwmyJ? ß

oif ;oi f ; _zLonf a':ci farp d k ;x Hr Sv J<lvd ku faompmtky fud k

tomvdyfum udk<f[efajumhajumhESif hxGufvmonf? a':cifarpd k ;vnf;

oif;oif;_zLxHrStopf7vmaom ÞavayGrav;ßudk pvif;bufxJxnfhum

wpf7pftdxGm;aom zifqH k;00wpfwpfjuD; wvSKyfvSKyfw<rf;<rf;ESi f h

qufvufav#mufvSr f ;xGufoGm;onf?

pjuFefvrf;tcs d K ;tuG<fwGifyke f;atmifum ta_ctaeudkacsmif;

junf haejuavaom 0i f ;r d k ;E Si f hwe fc si f ;w d k ho li<fc si f ;E Sp fa<mufr Sm

tm;vH k ;td kauajuat;oGm;awmhrSyif avyljuD;rsm;ud kr S KwfxkwfEd li fju

avawmhonf? q7mr':cifarpd k ;E Si f h onfvd krsufESmcsif;qd ki fa_ym7Jqd k7J

@S daomoif;oif;_zLudkvnf; csD;rGrf;7if;| tawmfvnf;@S de foGm;juukefonf?

olwd k hy ke f;atmif;acsmif;junfhae7mod k h oif;oif;_zLa7mufvmawmhvnf;

aumifav;ESpfa<mufrSm csufcsif;pum;rqdkEd li fju? oif;oif;_zLud kom

rsufvH k;juD;awGt_yL;om;ESif h junfhrdjuavonf?

Þ a7mh ' Dr Sm- -t7ifpmtky f? avayGrav;' kwd<yd ki f ;ud k

68

reuf_zef <lvmcJ hjutkef;? t_cm;pmtkyf<lrvmeJ haemf? avayGrav;

'kwd<yd ki f;yJ? od7J hvm; ß

oif;oif;_zLu pmtkyftiSm;qd ki foGm;rnf hvlud k rdrdzwfvd konfh

@ kyf_ypmtkyfrSmjum;onfhtoGifrs d K ; | cyfat;at;a_ymonf? aumifav;

ESpfa<mufrSmawmh rsufESmawGxlyl@S de f;zde f;v#uf acgif;twGifomndwfae

ju7avonf?

aemufwae h oi f ;oi f ; _zLa _ymonf hpmt ky f< lvmz d k hu sawm h

0if;rd k ;tawmfav;tjuyf@k duftcufawGhaecJ honf? olu q7mudkpd k ;armif

tvpfwGif wdwfwdwf<lvm7onfr[kwfvm;? juHK7mpmtkyf<lvm7rnf

qd kv#ifawmh wcsufvpfonfESif h t_ref<lxm;vd kufI7onf? <ckawmh

avayGrav;('kwd<yd ki f;)[k aoaocsmcsma_ymqd kxm;av7m 0if;rd k ;r Sm

vG<f7mpmtkyfud k qG J<lvmIr7awmh? @Sm7onf? tcs de f<l7onf?

ajumufuvnf; ajumufae7m| @Sm7azG7wm yd kcufonf?

rnfod k hqd kap| avayGrav;('kwd<yd ki f ;)ud k 0if;rd k ;@ SmazGawG h@ S d7m

aemufwaehwGif <lvmEdlifcJ honf? oif;oif;_zLvufodk h rkef hpm;qif;csdefwGif

ay;c J honf? oif ;oif ; _zLvnf; xH k ;p Htwd ki f ;yi f | pmtky f7onfE Si f h

tdrfomcef;od k ha_y;um zwfjunfhavawmhonf? avayGrav;('kwd<ydkif;)

69

udkzwfvd konfhp dwf tvGefyif_yif;_yxufoefaeonfrd k h oif;oif;_zLrSm

tawmfav;uokwfu7uf_zp faeonf? avmjuD;aeonf? trlt7m

yH kr Se fr[kwf? 'gud k rxifrSwfyJawG h _rifoGm;olwa<muf@S daeonf? xdkod k h

awG h _rifowd_yKrdoGm;ajumif;ud kamwh oif;oif;_zLrodyg?

avayGrav;(' kwd<yd ki f ;)u q7mud kp d k ;armif!$e f ;xm;ovd kyif

aumif ;ygonf? {nf honftrs d K ;orD ;E Si f h oli<fcsi f ;r>a<mufsm;wd k h

umrpyf<SufjuyHkrsm;udk taetxm;trsdK;rsdK;| enf;vrf;toG<foG<fwdk h_zifh

tao;pdwfa7;om;cs<frSKef;xm;7m oif;oif;_zLrSm xdktcef;ud kzwf7if;yif

ESpfcs DqufwdkufØ_yD;×cJ h7onf? xkdaemuf olwdk hvd k;aejurSKud k oli<fcsif;r

rdoGm;_yD;aemuf trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufESifhtrsdK;om;wa<mufwdkh umrt7om

cHpm;yH krsm;ud k qufvufa7;zG J hxm;onf? rdef;rcsif;yvl;rS Krsm;yifyg@S d7m

oif;oif;_zLtzd k h 7ifc ke ftjudKufawG hum zDvifawGwuf_yD;7if;wufcJ h

7onf?

avayGrav;('kwd<yd ki f;)ud kzwf@SL7mwGif oif;oif;_zLwa<muf

i g ; ju dr f avmufu d k Ø _y D ; ×o G m ;c J h 7avonf? z Dvi faw Gt7r f ;7um|

pdwfawGvnf; t_ywfud kvSKyf@ Sm;aoG;qlEd k ;xaomif;usef;cJ haomajumif h

tawmfud k arm[dkufyef;vsonf? rkef hpmcs de ft_yD; ausmif;_yeftwuf|

pmoifcs de fwcs de fud kyif aumif;aumif;rwufEd li fc J hyg?

70

onfaemufyd ki f ;wGifawmh txmusum tqifa_yoGm;onf?

0if;rd k ;u q7mudkpd k ;armif>t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrsm;udk tom<lvmay;onf?

oif;oif;_zLuzwfjunfh_yD; q7ma':cifarpd k ;ud k vufqif hurf;_yefonf?

zwf_yD;onfhpmtkyfawGudkvnf; onftwdkif;yif_yefum 0if;rd k;uolhae7mol

[efrysuf_yefIyd k hay;onf?

t_ym0wÔKrsm; tvJtvS<fESif hzwf@SK7rSKtqifa_yoGm;aomfvnf;

wbufwGif xdkpmtkyfrsm;udkzwf@SK7onfhtwGuf (Zmwfvrf;ESifhta7;tom;

uvnf; pG JzufzG<f7m_zpfatmifud kaumif;rGe fonf?) 0if;rd k ; | wefcsif; |

oif;oif;_zLESif h q7mra':cifarpd k ;wd k hyg pmtkyfxJwGifyg@S donfhtwdki f;

vufawGhvkyfaqmifpnf;pdrfc Hpm;junfhvd konfhtmoDorsm; _zpfay:aecJ h

juonf? onfvd ktmoDoqE NawG _zp fay:aejuwmcsi f ;twlw l

_zpfaomfvnf; oif;oif;_zLu tuJqH k; | txefqH k;vd kvd k @S daeavonf?

0i f ;r d k ;E Si f hwe fc si f ;w d k hu p dw fx JutmoDoqEN _yi f ; _yaeaom fvnf ;

b<fhol hud k b<fvd k Øp×7rnfrod? q7mra':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf; a<mufsm;

v d k ;wmc Hc si faeaom fvnf ; ~ k^fo du Qmxde f ;ae7aomausmi f ;q7mr

wa<mufrd k h v#yfv#yfay:ay:rvkyf7J? rvkyf0H h? tda_ENxdef;ae7onf?

oif;oif;_zLwa<mufomv#if toufuvnf;i<f| pdwfuvnf;_refum

7Jwif;yGif hvif;pGm a[ma[m'd ki f;' d ki f;vkyfwwfolrd k h | t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfxJu

twdkif; vufawGhvkyfaqmifjunfhzd k hpdwful;ay:onfhESif h a_coGufvufoGuf

71

yiftaumiftxnfaz:avawmhonf?

oi f ;oi f ; _zLyp fr Sw fxm;um olrE Si f humrpy f<Sufaz:t_zp f

a@ G ;c s<fvd ku foluawmh olrE Si f ht_ym0wÔ Kzwfaz:zwfzuf _zp faeol

wefcsif;ESi f h0if;rd k ;wd k hyif_zpfavonf? tajumif;odcsif;rd k h txmusum

tqifa_yvdrf hrnf[kvnf; oif;oif;_zLar#m fvif hxm;onf? wefcsif;wd k h

0if;rd k ;wd k hE Si f htvkyf_zpf_yD;v#if q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud kvnf; ygvmatmif

vkyfzd k h odyfcufrnfr[kwf? Todk h _zih f a<mufsm;av;rsm;ESi f homru

rde f;rcsi f;tcspfyvl;7rS Kz Dvifud kvnf; t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfxJwGifyg@ S donf h

enf;rsm;_zi f h vky faqmifc Hpm;junf hE d li frnf[k oif;oif; _zLwGufude f ;

csxm;onf?

oif;oif;_zLonf 7Jwif;yGif hvif;_yD;| wefcsif;ESif h0if;rd k ;wd k hud kvnf;

ody ftav;xm;_ci f ;r@ S donf htwGuf olr>pdwful;ud k cyf@ Si f ;@ Si f ;yi f

z Gi f hxkwfa_ym_yavonf?

Þ 'DpmtkyfawGzwf7wm odyfaumif;w<f[m? tJ'DtxJuvdk

vkyfjunfh7if b<fvd kaervJrodbl;? eifwd k haum| vkyfrjunfhcsifju

bl;vm; ß

72

ckESpftkyfa_rmuf[kqd k7rnfh t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfud k 0if;rd k ;wd k h<lvm

ay;csdefwGif oif;oif;_zLu a_ymvdkufavonf? ta_ymtqdk7Jwif;rSKajumifh

aumifav;ESpfa<muf Ø zsm;×IyifoGm;7onf? rsufESmxlylukefjuonf?

0if;rd k;u acgif;juD;iH k hxm;onf? bmr#_yefra_ym? wefcsif;url @Sufajumuf

7ifcke faeaomfvnf; 0if;rd k ;vd k _i dr fraeyJ t7JpGe f hum_yefIa_ymavonf?

Þ [m- -vkyfjunfhcsifwmayg h? ar;rSar;7ufyav ß

Þ 'Dvk dqEN@S d7if vkyfjunfhygvm;[ ß

Þ uÈwf a_ymawmhvG<fvd kufwm- - ß

pum;tqifac smovd k _zp fonfr d k h we fc si f ;vnf ; qufum

a_ymavonf?

Þ tHr<f- -igu taumif;a_ymwJh[mudk- - ß

Þ uJ- -a_ymprf;ygtkef;? b<fol hud koGm;vkyfjunfh7rSmvJ ß

Þ uJ- -eifwd k hvkyfwmcHr<fhol @S dw<fqd k7ifaum- - ß

73

Þ tJvd krs d K ;qd k7ifawmh- -vkyfr<f[m? uJ- -b<folcHrSmvJ?

a_ymav- - ß

Þ igcHrSmayg h- - ß

aumi fav;E Sp fa<muf Øz sm ; ×u ke f ju_ye fy gonf? 0i f ;r d k ;yi f

acgif;juD;iH k k hxm;7mrS tvef hwjum;yif armfjunfhonf?

Þ vlud kbmvd k h _yL;_yJjunfhae7wmvJ? eifwd k hvkyfr<fqd k7if

cHr<f? b<fvd kvJ- - ß

wu<fhrde f;uav;yif? oif;oif;_zLu t_ywfud ka_ymcsonf?

Þ eif- -eif- -u- -wu<f- -a_ymwmvm; ß

0if;rd k ;u txpfxpftaig haig h _zif har;onf?

Þ wu<fayg h[- -eifwd k he J h _zpfr<fqd k7if td kauyJ? r_zpfzl;

qd k7ifawmh _zpfr<fhvlud k eifwd k h@ SmazGqufoG<fay;- - ß

74

Þ igwd k hu bmvdk hr_zpf7rSmvJ- - ß

wefcsif;u rcHcsif[ef_zif har;onf?

Þ atmf- -igu eifwd k hrvkyfwwfrud ki fwwf_zpfaerSm a_ymwm

yg? eifwd k hu 'grs d K ;rvkyfzl;bl;r[kwfvm; ß

Þ igwd k hu vufawGhrvkyfzl;ayr<fh | pmxJrSmawmh tyDzwfxm;

wmyg? _zpfr<f? uJ- -b<frSmoGm;vkyf7rSmvJ- - ß

Þ [m[- -'guawmh eifwd k hu a<mufsm;av;awGyJ? ae7mud k

juHzefayg h[- -igu eifwd k hvkyfwmud kvnf; cH7r<f? vkyfr<f hae7m

ud kyg @Smay;7tkef;r Svm;- -w<faumif;- - ß

aumifav;E Sp fa<muf wa<mufrsufE Smwa<mufjunf hum

acgif;ukwfjuonf? olwdk honf touf(15)ESpfywf0ef;usif vli<fav;rsm;

_zpfjuav7m| rdef;uav;wa<mufud kac:xkwfoGm;_yD; umrpyf<SufrS K

_yKEd li fonfh Øb d × awGud krodju?

od k haom f uHaumi f ;axmufrp Gmyi f wefc si f ;>acgi f ;xJwGi f

75

ae7mwckud k pOf;pm;rdonf?

Þ [dwf- -igod_yD? ausmif;opfjuD;ay:rSm oGm;vkyfjur<f ß

olwd k hausmif;0if;taemufbufyd ki f ;wGif oH k;xyfpmoifaqmifjuD;

wapmif aqmufvkyfaeonf? taqmufttHktjurf;xnf_yD;oGm;cs de fwGif

ai Gaju;t@S Ky ft@Si f ;ay:vm7m vkyfie f ;qufrvkyfE d li fy J onftwd ki f ;

tvky f7y fem ;xm;7onf? ausmi f ;o lausmi f ;om;wd k hu xd ko H k ;xy f

ausmif;aqmifopfjuD;ud k Øausmif;opfjuD;×[kac:juavonf?

Þ at;- -aumif;w<f? pd kufys d K;a7;tcsdefus7if igwdk htJ'D hbufudk

oGm;jur<f- - ß

tcs de f ;tcsufvkyf_yD;aemuf vlpkcG Jvd kufjuonf?

pd kufys d K ;a7;tcs de fu naeyd ki f ;aemufqH k;tcs de f _zpfum wem7DcG J

ausmfausmfavmufjum_rif honf? pd kufys d K ;a7;tcs de fra7mufrD pmoifcs de f

rsm;wGif oif;oif;_zLESif haumifav;ESpfa<mufwd k h tawmfud kp dwfvSKyf@Sm;

aejuonf? zwf@S Kc J h7aomt_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrsm;xJrS a7;om;xm;csuf

rsm;ESif h rjumrD rdrdwd k hvufawGhvkyfjunfhaomtcg udk<fwdkifcHpm;7rSKwd k h

76

b<fvd krsm;@S drnfenf;[k oH k;a<mufvH k ;awG;awmaejuonf? xyfwl

_zpfrSmvm;? yd kr Smvm;? b<fvd ky J_zpf_zpf pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;zG<f7m zDvif

tawGhtjuHK7Ed li fr Smud kawmh aocsmpGmem;vnfaejuonf?

txl;o_zif h aumifav;ESpfa<mufrSm vufawGhr de f;rvkyf7aom

tcg b<fvdkuaeb<fenf;b<fyH kpI b<fvdkrs d K;pyf<Sufrnfponfwdk hud k

r drdwd k hzwfxm;cJ honfhtawGhtjuHKrsm;ay:wGif ta_c_yKum| tpDtpOfawG

csaejuonf? oif;oif;_zL>apmufywf rd k hr d k h@ G@GESif ht7nfpd kp d kp dpd_zpfovdk|

aumi fav;E Sp fa<mufr Smvnf ; vD ;wawmi fawmi fE Si f h tae7yi f

cufae7avonf?

olwdk ha@ShbufwGifxdkifaeaom oif;oif;_zL>um;tdvHk;uspfaeaom

wify g ;qH k juD ;tygt0i f aemufy d ki f ;tvSud k junf hr davwd ki f ; 7i fxJ

'def;ueJ_zpfv#uf vD;awGuvnf; aig hueJvSKyfonf? vD;xdyfzl;tzsm;yd ki f;

wGifawmh t7nfjunfuwpdkpd kESif h? pdkufysdK;a7;csdefra7mufrD pmoifcsdefawG

@SnfjumvGef;onf[k xif_rifcHpm;ju7avonf?

aemufqH k ;wGi fawmh pd kufys d K ;a7;cs de fa7mufvmavawmhonf?

olwd k hausmif;juD;onf txufwef;ausmif;juD;_zpfv#uf ausmif;0if ;

us<f_yef honf? ausmif;0if;us<fjuD;>a_rvGwfae7mrsm;wGif oD;yif|

77

pm;yif| yefyifrs d K ;p H kwd k hud k pd kufys d K ;xm;onf? ausmif;olausmif;om;wd k hu

xd ktyifwd k hud kaygi f ;oif_cif ; | yd k ;E S dr fei f ; _cif ;ponfwd k hud kvky f7avonf?

ausmif;0if;tEH S hvlrsm;_yef hus Jaeav7m| ra<mifrvnfvpfxGufzd k hvnf;

vG<fonf? 0if;rd k;ESif hwefcsif;wdk hESpfa<muf tomyifoHk;xyfausmif;aqmif

op fjuD ;bufxGufvmonf? oif ;oi f ; _zLuvnf; ra@ S ;raE Smi f ;yi f

ra<mifrvnfESi f hvd kufvmcJ honf?

oH k;xyfausmif;aqmifopfjuD;teD;tem;rSmawmh (aqmufvkyfa7;

vkyfief;cGi fvd k _zpfaeao;aomajumif h) opfyifyef;yifrsm;pd kufys d K ;xm;_cif;

r@ S d ? _ru fyi f @ Sn f r s m ;E S i f h tav hu say gu fyi f aw Gom@ S d a eon f ?

taqmufttH ku d k 0g ;x7 H0i f ;cwfxm;aom fvnf; <d k<Gi f ;y sufp D ;p

_yKaeonfrd k h tcuftcJr@S dy J _zwfausmf0ifEd li fjuavonf?

tjurf;xnf_yD;pD;_yDrd k h oHk;xyftaqmufttHkyH kawmh ay:aeyg_yD?

uGefu7pfavScg;tjurf;rsm;yif avmif;xm;_yD;_zpf7m| wufzd k hqif;zd k hvnf;

tcufrawGh? wHcg;@GufawGawmh wckr#r@S d? wHcg;abmiftenf;tusOf;om

wyfqifxm;_y D ; use fwHcg;rsm; | _yLwif;rsm;uawmh bmtumt7Hr S

r@S daom a[mif;avmif;ayguf_zpfaeonf? uGefu7pfjurf;cif; tjurf;rsm;

awmh avmif;xm;_yD;_yD? aumifav;ESpfa<mufu ausmif;aqmifopf>

wHcg;@Gufr@S dao;aom yifrt0if0em;rSm7yfapmif haeonf? oif;oif;_zL

78

a7mufvmawmh oHk;a<mufom;uGefu7pfavSum;jurf;twdkif; tay:qHk;

xyfod k hwufa7mufvmcJ hjuonf? b<f7<fnm7<fvd k hawmh r[kwfyg?

tay:qHk;xyfwGif yd kIab;uif;um| at;at;aq;aqG;vGwfvGwfvyfvyf

@ S drnf[laomtod_zi f h wufvmju_ci f ; _zp fonf? tay:qH k ;xyfod k h

a7mufaomtcg tcef;wckxJod k h 0ifvd kufjuonf?

x d k a e mu fo H k ; a<mu fom ; on ftw d k i f ; 7y f a er d juon f ?

t_ym0wÔKawGzwfzl;xm;aomfvnf; onfvd kudpPrs d K ;wGif vufawGhtawGh

tju H Kr@ S d ao;aom vly s d K ay gu fty s d K ay gu fav;awGr d k h umrr S Ku d k

aps;O D;aygufpwifvkyfjuawmhrnf htcs de fwGif toD;oD;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;7ifz d k

armaejuonfrSm rqef;yg? vlwd ki f;vd kvd kyif _zpfwwfonfhoabmyif?

onfae7mwGi fawmh wa<mufa<mufuvrf;ci f ;ay;vd kufv#i fawmh

ol htvdkvd kyif usefvlrsm;vnf;ygvmum| t@S de f7v#uf aumif;aumif;

tvkyf _zpfoGm;E d li fayonf?

a<mus f m ; av;bu fu pwi ftpy s d K ; ay ;z d k h _ zp f aom fvn f ;

0if;r d k ;E Si f hwefcsi f ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ; 7ifwke fyef ;wke f _zpfum bmvkyfI

bma_ym7rnfrod? a<mifcsmcsmjuD;_zpfaejuav7m olwdk hESpfa<mufESif h

pmv#i f oGufvuf7 Jwi f ;r S Kav; twefi<fy d k@ S daomoif ;oi f ; _zLu

rdef;uav;wefrJ h tpys d K ;vrf;cif;7onfhta_ctaea7mufcJ havonf?

79

Þ udki f;- -pju7atmif- - ß

oif;oif;_zL>toHyifv#if wkefcgvSKyfIaeonf?

Þ atmf- -at;- - ß

Þ tif;- -tif;- - ß

onfawmhrSaumifav;ESpfa<muf a<mifawmifaygifawmifESi f h

vS Ky fvS Ky f@ Sm;@ Sm;_zpfvmjuonf? oif;oif; _zLud ky J zufawmhrvd kvd k |

u d k i f awm h r a<mi f a<mi f _ y Kon f ? wu< fawm h rzu f ru d k i f ?

vufawGud kom [dk<rf;onf<rf;@S daejuonf?

Þ ud ki f;- -b<foleJ h t7ifp7rSmvJ- - ß

oif;oif;_zLuyif pGef humar;7_yefonf? aumifav;ESpfa<mufu

wtif;tif;| wtJtJESif h wa<mufrsufESmwa<mufjunfhaejuavonf?

Þ uJ- -ESpfa<mufvH k;juDawmh 'DxJrSmraeeJ h? rqdki fwJ hvl

t_yifxGuf_yD; vl7dyfvlcsnfapmif hjunfhxm;av- - ß

80

rwwfEd li fawmh? oif;oif;_zLuyif q7mvkyf7avawmhonf?

wefcsif;ESi f h0if;rd k ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k; tcef;t_yifod k hxGufoGm;juavonf?

olwdk hrSm t7rf;pdwfvSKyf@Sm;Iae7m qif_cifpOf;pm;rSKyif uG<fikwfaeovdk

_zp faeonf? onfawmh oif ;oi f ; _zLut_yi fxGufz d k h a _ymonfwGi f

tvdkvd kvd kufemum av#mufvSrf;xGufoGm;rd_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ uÈwf- -wu<fy J[m- -wa<mufaec J h ? wa<muf

t_yifxGuf- - ß

oif;oif;_zL pdwfr@SnfEd li fawmhovdk_zpfum cyfaigufaigufav;

a_ymonf? aumifav;ESpfa<mufwGif tenf;i<fyd kI_zwfvwf7Jwif;aom

wefcsif;u aemuf_yefvSnf hvmonf? 0if;rd k ;uawmh tcef;t_yifbufod k h

qufav#mufvSrf;xGufoGm;7avonf? Todk h_zih f wefcsif;ESif hoif;oif;_zL

wd k hE Sp fa<muf aps;OD;ayguftvkyf_zpfju7rnfhta_ctaeod k h a7mufoGm;

onf?

Þ uJ- -eif hOpPmud k igjunfhcsifw<f? ykqd k ;cÈwf_yprf; ß

t@S de fav;tenf;i<f7ovd k _zp fvmonfr d k h oif ;oif ; _zLvnf;

tawmfyif7 Jwif;oGufvufp_yKvmonf?

81

Þ [m- -eifuvJ- - ß

w@kwfu_ym;wefcsif; rsufESm7JueJ_zpfum| @SufpEd k;_yefa_ymonf?

Þ tHr<f- -eifursm; @Sufae7ao;w<f? uJyg- -cÈwfprf;yg?

wuwJ- -olhvD;_y7wmrsm;- - ß

oif;oif;_zLu a_yma_ymqd kqd k vufxJwGifvdyfud ki fvmaom

yvyfpwdwfpud k jur f ; _yi fay:tomcsvd ku fonf? aqmufvufp

taqmuftH kay:wGi f z ke fr sm;trS d Kufr sm;@ S daernfud k odonf htwGuf

(toef ht_yefjudKufaom rdef;uav;wd k h>obm0twdki f;) umrpyf<Suf

aomtcg atmufwGi fcscif ;e d li f7e ftwGuf yvyfpwdwftcif;pwckud k

oif;oif;_zLu vdyf<lvmcJ h _cif;_zpfonf? wefcsif;vnf; oif;oif;_zL

c d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; rdr d>ausmif ;p dr f ;y kqd k ;ud k cÈwfypfvd kuf7avonf?

atmufcHabmif;bDwdkav;@S daeao;um awmifrwfaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;>

xdk;xd k ;axmifaxmif_zpfaerSKud k _rifae7onf?

we fc si f ;onf atmufc Habmi f ;b Dw d ku d ky g qufcÈwfonf?

r dr dvD ;ud k junf hvd konf[k qd kxm;onf htwGuf xyfa_ymp7mrvd ky J

tvdkvd kem;vnfum atmufcHabmif;bDudkyg qufcÈwfvdkuf_cif;_zpfonf?

82

atmufcHabmif;bDuÈwfusI aigufueJay:vmaomvD;ud k _rif7onfhtcg

oi f ;oi f ; _ z L>r su f 0e f ; r s m ; ta7mi fvu fvu fawmu fvmon f ?

awmifrwfaeaomvD;ud k pl;pl;7J7Jyifjunfhum wHawG;wvkyf_r d Kcsonf?

wefcsif;onf toufi<f@G<fao;aomfvnf; vD;url rao;yg?

t@Snf(6)vufromomcefhyif@S dv#uf vHk;ywfu ig;rl;vHk;avmufwkwfonf?

pdwf7rufxaecs de fr d k h vD;u t_ywfud krmawmifaeonf? waig haih gvnf;

vSKyfaeonf? vD;wefvH k ;ywfrS tajumjuD;rsm;uvnf; zkzkxpfxpf

_zp faeonf? oif ;oi f ; _zLonf t_ympmtky fx JwGi fa7;z G J hxm;aom

ØvD;×juD;rsm;>tajumifud k _yefowd7vmonf? t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfxJrS

w kw fc d k i f ju D ; rm ;v Saomv D ; ju D ; aw Gavmu f txGm ;pm ;tju D ;pm ;

r[kwfaomfvnf; wefcsif;>vD;u qGJ!S d K htm;uawmhaumif;vSonf?

pmawGhr[kwfyJ rdrdud k<fwd ki f rsufpdESif hwyftyf_rif7onfhtwGufajumif h

vnf; vD;awGtajumif;a7;om;cs<frSKe f;xm;rSKrsm;ud k zwfcJ h7pOfuxuf

oifoif;_zLyd kI 7ifcke fp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;7avonf?

Þ ig hapmufywfud k junfhcsifvm; ß

Þ tif;- -junfhcsifw<f- -_yrvm;[if ß

83

Þ eifeJ h vkyfawmhrSmyJ[m- -_yrSmaygh[? oGm;- -[dkyvyfpwdwf

pud k aumif;aumif;_zef hcif;vd kuf- - ß

a<mufsm;av;_zpfaomwefcsif;u ykqd k;ud konftwdki f;cÈwfcsypf

cJ haomfvnf; oif;oif;_zLurl zkefawGtrS d KufawG@S daomjurf;_yifay:wGif

xrDudk onfvdkjuD;cÈwfrcsvdkyg? atmufyd kif;yvm| zif_zL_zLjuD;ta_ymif

om;ESif h vD;tawmifom;@S daeaomwefcsif;onf yvyfpwdwfpud k _zef hum

jur f ; _ yi f ay :ci f ; ay ;v d ku fon f ? yvy fpw dw fpu vlwa<muf

aumif;aumif;tdy fomatmif@ S donf? oi f ;oi f ; _ z Lon f _ze f h c i f ;

x m ; ao m yvy f pw dw f p a y :wu fon f ? _ y D ; aw m h r d r d >

xrDud ktomcÈwfonf? aoaooyfoyfacgufI yvyfpwdwfpa_c7if;em;

wGi f ususeewifonf? twGi f ;c Hyi fwDabmif ;bDwd kav;@ S daeao;7m

apmufywfu _yL;_yJjuD;txift@Sm;awmhray:vGifao;? zkxpfrd k hazgif;rS K

ud kawmh _rifomonf? aygifvH k ;aygifwefjuD;awGuawmh tazG;om;?

zifom;juD;awGu yifwDabmif;bDt_yifod k h wcs d K hwpf7pfxGufaeonf?

apmufywfud k xifxif@ Sm;@ Sm;r_ri f7ao;aomfvnf; _rif7or#E Si f hyi f

wefcsif;t7rf;ud k 7ifcke fp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;ae7av_yD?

wwd<yd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

84

Þ tcsp fausmi f ;(3) ß

tcef;(3)

wefcsif;rSm twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd kav;_zif h ukef;ukef;uGuG

qd kovd k _zpfaeaom oif;oif;_zLud kjunf h7if; em;xifem;7if;awGylxl|

7i fc ke fp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;um rwfawmi faeavaomol hvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;vnf;

waighaighvSKyfaeonf? vD;wefxJwGif wpfaeovdkvdk| atmifhawmifhawmifh

_zpfaeovdkvd kvnf; cHpm;7onf? acgufxm;aomxrDav;ud k aoao

oyfoyfcsxm;vd kuf_yD;aemuf oif;oif;_zLonf wefcsif;ESi f hrsufESmcsif;

qd ki fum rwfwyf7yfonf? _yD;awmh twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd kav;ud k

atmufod k htomwGef;csonf?

wefcsi f ; rsufvH k ;juD;rsm;_yL;aeonf? ol>rsufvH k ;tpH konf

oi f ;oi f ; _zL>ay gi f7i f ;c G jum;w Gi f oGm ;Iuy faeawm hravmufu d k

p l ;p l ;p d ku fp d ku f juD ; junf hIaeavonf? yg ;py fuvnf; [_y J _y JE Si f h ?

oGm;7nfw_rm;_rm;rusaeaomfvnf; wHawG;rsm;ud kawmh rjumc^

_rdKcsae7onf? vD;xdyfr Smrl t7nfjunfawGpd kueJp d kueJ_zpfvmonf?

oif;oif;_zLrSm wefcsif;wa<muf rdrdapmufywfud k _rifcsifjunfhcsi fI

ac:awmwaxmiftm;avmuf^Smwif;onfh rsufvH k ;juD;rsm;ESi f h oJoJ

85

rJrJ_zpfaeonfud kawG h7aomtcg txl;yifauseyfrdonf? rdrd>tvSty

wdk hajumif h a<mufsm;om;rsm;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;onfqd kv#if rdef;uav;wd ki f;

vd kvd kyif yDwd_zpfwwfonfr[kwfygvm;?

oif;oif;_zLuawmh (e~dkpdwfuvnf; tawmfudk^SmjuD;7ruf_yif;

um t_ym0wÔ Kpmt ky fr s m ;u d k zw fxm;onf h tawG htju H Kuvnf ;

aumif;aumif;@S daeonfrd k h) rdrd>udk<fvH k;ud k<fxnf| tom;qdkiftom;cJ

w d k hu d k az:v Sp f _ yot7omc Hpm ;onf h z Dvi fr s d K ;vn f ; @ S d aeonf ?

<ckawmh xdkzDvifwdk hyg aygufuGJEd k;xvmjuav7m aju;pmtaz:tcÈwf

ua_confwa<muf@ S H K ;7avmufatmi f az:vSp fc Èwfc GmI_yaeonf?

twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd kav;ud k wrifyifw_znf;_znf;csif; atmufod k h

wGe f;y d k hcsonf?

we fc si f ;r Smawm h tenf ;i<fp Day:vmaom oif ;oi f ; _zL>

tom;0if;0i f ;tdtdrsm;ud k tm;7yg;7yifjunf haeonf? yd kay:vmav|

yd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;vmavav? wefcsif;t7ifqH k;_rif7onfuawmh oif;oif;

_zL>csufuav;_zp fonf? cy fc s d Ki f hc s d Ki f h _zp faeaomcsufuav;uyi f

wrsdK;pG Jrufp7m? onfaemufawmh 0if;rGwfa_yav#maomqD;ckeftxufyd kif;|

qD;cke fatmufyd ki f ; ay:Ivmonf? wefcsif;7ifbwfxJwGif ig;7H ht@Sif

ESp faumifv$wfxm;ovdk r@k d ;r@GwvSKyfvSKyfw@G@G_zpfvmonf?

86

a[m? qD;c ke fatmufr S apmufywftay:qH k ;y d ki f ;ay:Ivmyg

av_yD? apmufar$;awGu pwifIaygufump_zpf7m wdkwd kav;awGyif

@ S donf? odyfvnf; rrsm;ao;? tem;uyfIaoaocsmcsmjunfhr Som

aygufumpapmufar$;EkEkwdkwdkav;rsm;udk_rifEd lifay7m wefcsif;tae_zifhawmh

tar$;raygufao;[kom xifrdonf?

onfae7mtxda7mufvmaomtcgwGi f oif ;oif ; _zLr Smvnf;

cy f _znf; _znf;c si f ;om az:vSp f _yoae7rS Kud kp dwfr@ SnfE d li fawmhatmif

@ S dvmonf htwGuf twGi f ;c Hyi fwDabmif ;bDwd kav;ud k cyf _re f _re fyi f

w Ge f ;c syp fv d ku fonf? omom!Si f ;! Si f ; | pnf ;c su fav;r Se fr S e fE Si f h

n dr f hn dr f hanmi f ;anmi f ;wD ;cwfae7mr S @ kwfw7ufpnf ;okwf0 g ;okwf |

wD;csuf_yif; _yif;qlqlnHnHvSKy fcwfwD;vd kufovd krs d K ; _zpf7m tzkwfjuD;

t_yL;om;0if;ueJay:vmonfESif h wefcsif;>7ifxJwGifvnf; q<faygifwl

ESi f hcyfememtESufcHvd kuf7onfhES<f 7ifxJ'de f;ueJwkefcgoGm;um vlrSm

aemufodk hcyf<d kif<d kif_zpfoGm;7avonf? atmufcHabmif;bDav;cÈwftcs|

apmufywfu tumtuG<fuif;rJ hoGm;aomfvnf; wefcsif;tzd k huawmh

xd kapmufywfud k c^r#om_yd K ;ueJ_yufueJ_rifvd kuf7onf? atmufcH

abmif;bDud k aygifwefjuD;wav#mufa_cusif;0wfem;wdkifatmif wGef;cÈwf

tcswGi f oif ;oi f ; _zL>ud k<futa@S ho d k hu d ki f ;vm7m apmufywfud k

uG<fxm;ovdk_zpfonf? xdkaemuf a_caxmufwbufpDjuGum atmufcH

87

abmi f ;b Dav;ud kz<fc Èw f< l _ye fav7m qufIuG<f _r Ju G< faeum

wefcsif;tae_zif h apmufywfud kxifxif@Sm;@Sm;juD;r_rifEd li fao;ay?

od k haom foi f ;oi f ; _zL>apmufywftxif ;om;juD ;ay:aeav_y D

[laomtoduawmh aumifav;ud k aumif;aumif;zrf;pm;xm;Ed li fonf?

xd kod k hay:aeaomapmufywfud k junf hvd k _ri fvd konf htmoDouvnf;

avyi f h aomr D ;v# Hv d k [ke f ;[ ke f ;xIvmonf? rwfwy f7y fae7mr S

ukef;IyifvSrf;junfhrdonf? 'gayr<fhapmufywfud kawmh xif;xif;juD;

r_rif7?

xd kaemuf oif;oif;_zL_yefIrwfwyf7yfonf? a_caxmufESpfc k

um;7yfv#uf cg;ud kcyfaumhaumhvkyfonf? ('guvnf; ØavayGrav;×

t_ym0wÔ KxJwGi f {nf honfr de f ;ru ol holi<fc si f ;r>a<muf sm ;ud k

ÕrLqG<f7mwGi fvky fonf htxJr S twk<lvd kuf _ci f ; _zp fonf?) 'Dawmh

olr>zl;opfpapmufywfjuD;onf txif;om;ay:vmonf? a<mufsm;

vd k ;wmrcHz l ;ao;onf h yguify dwftys d Kpp fpp fapmufywf_zp faomfvnf;

rdrdbmom vuf_zif hy Gwfoyf| vufacsmif;_zif hxd k ;uvdxm;aomajumif h

umr7rufaoG;awG_ynf hv#rf;um zkz kxpfxpf| azgi f ;azgi f ;juGjuGjuD;

_zpfaeonf? apmuf7nfjunfawGuvnf; rw7m;yifxGufaeaomajumifh

apmufywftuGJajumif;ae7mw0d kuf pd k@ $ Jvufa_ymifaeonf? apmufaph

88

aigufawmufaxmifaeonf? apmuf7nfjunfeH hav;uvnf; cyfpl;p l ;

ay:xGufonf? xd kteH hud k ESp fa<mufpvH k ;@ SL7av7m aoG;om;wd k h

y d kqla0vmjuonf?

Þ b<fvd kvJ- -ig hapmufywf rd kuf7J hvm; ß

Þ tm;yg;- -zkxpfazgi f ;tdaewmyJ[m? [d k- -ud ki fjunf h

r<faemf- - ß

wefcsif;u r7Jw7Jar;onf?

Þ [m[- -7w<f- -7w<f- -eif hoabm cpfcpfcpf ß

aumi fav;u r7 Jw7 J@ S d aom fvnf ; aumi frav;uawm h

t_ywfud k yGif hvif;7Jwif;aeonf?

wefcsif; oif;oif;_zLem;od k h wd k;uyfvmonf? a_cvSrf;rsm;u

rcd ki f? <drf;<k di fcsifovdkvd kyif_zpfonf? tem;a7mufaomtcg nmvuf

udkqef hum nmvuf!dS K;xdyf_zif h oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfudk tomvSrf;

xdaxmufonf? rdk hazgif;tdaeavaom tzkwf>b<fbufESKwfcrf;om;ay:

89

vuf! S d K ;x dy f axmufr donf ? apmu fyw fE S Kw fcr f ;om ;az gi f ;@ G @ G r S m

cyfcs d Ki f hcs d Ki f hav;_zpfonf? wefcsif;wudk<fvH k;vnf; "gwfvd kufcH7ovdk

wkef7ifvSKyfcgoGm;onf? nmvufudkvnf; uref;uwef;_yefz<fvdkufonf?

Þ uÈwf- -udki fprf;yg[m- -eifuvJ? rxdwxdvkyfraeprf;

yge J h- - ß

r de f ;rr sm;onf a<muf sm ;r sm ;xuf umrqdy fwufr S K _yi f ; _y

xef_yif;onf? vlrsm;tv<fwGifawmh t@SufawGtajumufawG[efvkyf

um| twif;xdef;tkyfxm;aomfvnf; vloluif;a0;qdwfuG<f7mwGifr l

txdef;ttkyfawGyaysmufv#uf t7rf;udk7Jwif;| t@Sufuif;wwfjuonfh

"rRwmtwdki f; oif;oif;_zLu t7rf;ud k ØuJ×aeonf? rdef;rawGwu<f

^Smxe fv #i f a<muf s m ;aw Gyi fvufa Õrmu f7onf[ kq d k 7ayrn f ?

oi f ;oi f ; _zLonf a_yma_ymqd kqd k aemufqkwfoGm;aomwefc si f ;>

nmvufud k qwfueJqG Jud ki fum rdr dapmufywfay:uyfwifay;vd kuf

onf? vufacsmif;xdyfomr[kwf? vuf0g;_yifwckvH k;yif apmufywfay:

ususeeuyfrdxdrdoGm;onf?

Þ td k ;[k d ;[d k ;- -yGwfav[m- -ig hapmufywfud k yGwfprf ;

yg[- - ß

90

apmufywfay: vuf0g;tkyfuyfrdonfhtcg (xd kvuf0g;rSmvnf;

tzd kvuf0g;_zpfaeonf?) oif;oif;_zLwa<muf| <rf;td k;ud kr D;pwd k hvd kuf

onfhES<f umr7rufaZmawG xdef;rEd li fodrf;r7awmhavmufatmifud kyif

aygufuGJoGm;avawmhonf? wefcsif;vnf; oif;oif;_zLESif h eifvm;igvm;

yif? oif;oif;_zLavmuf 7rufaZmt[kefr_yif;onfom@S donf?

Þ vkyfawmh[m- -ig hud kvkyfawmh- -ig tvkyfc Hcsi fvS_y D?

raeEd li fawmhbl;- - ß

7rufaZmt[kef xdef;r7awmhatmifEd k ;xaeavaom oif;oif;

_zLu tavmwjuD;a_ymum _zef hci f ;xm;aomyvyfpwdwftcif;ay:

ure f ;uwe f ;v S Jt d y f c s I ' l ; axmi f a y g i fum ; ay ;v d ku f avon f ?

umrpyf<SufrSK r_yKzl;ao;onfhtysdK kppfav;_zpfaomfvnf; t_ym0wÔKrsm;

zwfxm;onfhtwGuf yxrqHk;pwiftvdk;cHv#if b<fvdktaetxm;rsdK;u

toif havsm fqH k ;qd kwm odaeonf? aeay;wwfaeonf? wefcsi f ;r Sm

tvd k ;c H7e ftoif h _zp foGm;aom oif ;oi f ; _zLud k rsufvH k ; juD ; _yL;um

tmomirf;irf; | ud kufpm;awmhrwwfjunfhaeonf? umrpyf<SufrS KwGif

tpO D ;y d k i f ;Y a<muf sm ; _zp fo lupwi fvS Ky f@ S m ;7onf hobm0@ S dae7m

<ck tppoif ;oif ; _zLuyif O D ;aqmi fae7m| (O D ;aqmi fr S Kuvnf;

7ruft7rf;xefum odyfud k7Jwif;vGef;ae7m) wefcsif;tzd k h vdkufrrDatmif

91

@S daeonf? vdk;csifaeaomfvnf; b<fvd kupI b<fvd kwuf7rnfud k

@ kwfw7ufpOf;pm;Ir7Ed li fy J @S daeavonf?

Þ a[ h- -we f c s i f ; ? vmav[m- -tay :wu fav?

wuwnf;- -'DrSm toif hvkyfay;xm;wmawmif id ki fjunfhaeao;w<f?

vm- -csprf;- - ß

oif;oif;_zLu pdwfr@SnfawmhyJ cyfavmavmvSrf;a_ymonf?

wefcsif;vnf; 7DrkwfuGefx@k d;_zif htzGif hc Hvd kuf7aomt@kyfvd k csufcsif;yif

oi f ;oi f ; _ z L ay :wu fc Gon f ? apmu fyw fx J v D ;x d k ;o G i f ;on f ?

wcgr#vnf; vufawG hrvd k ;z l; | pdwfuvnf; t7rf;vSKyf@ Sm;aeav7m

vD;u cs de fom;rrSe f? apmufywfxJxd k;xnfhvd kufaomvD;onf tzkwf0

ud kra7muf? ptd k0ud kom oGm;Ixd k;r daxmufrdonf? oif;oif;_zLrSm

wGe f ho Gm ;onf? zi f juD ;yi f <rf ;c goGm ;onf? vD ;onf ptd k0ud k

cyfzdz daxmufrdaomfvnf; zifxJud kawmhr0ifyg?

Þ [m- -tJ'g zifayguf[J h- -b<foGm;axmufaewmvJ?

tvkyfcHz d k h toif hum;ay;xm;wmawmif taygufxJ0ifatmifroGif;wwf

bl;vm;? ay;prf;- -eif hvD;ud k igqG Jawhay;r<f- - ß

92

oif;oif;_zLu tm;rvd ktm;r7a_ymum wefcsi f;>vD;juD;ud k

vufE Si f hv Sr f ;u d ki fonf? xd ktcs de fr S myi f we fc si f ;>vD ;xdy fz sm ;r Sm

okwf7nfwd k hu yspfueJyspfueJyif yef;IxGufvmjuavawmhonf?

wefcsif;onf rdef;rESi f hywfoufvmI tawGhtjuHKbmr#r@S dyg?

aehvnfrkef hpm;v$wf_yD;csdefrSpum pdkufysdK;a7;tcsdefodk ha7mufv#if oif;oif;

_zLudkvdk;7awmhrnf[k od@S dem;vnfxm;rSK_zif h wcsdefvHk;7ifckefpdwfvSKyf@Sm;

um vD ;awmi faec J honf ? vd k ; juz d k h c s d e f ;q d kxm ;7mae7m _zp faom

oHk;xyfausmif;aqmifopfbufqDvmcJhonfhtcsdefwGif wifyd kwufvmonf?

onfaemuf oif;oif;_zLu apmufywfud kaz:vSpf_yocJ hrS K | apmufywfud k

tud ki fc d ki f ;r S KawGu wefc si f ;>p dwfy d kE d k ;xxef _yi f ;qla0vmaponf?

xdkajumif h wufcGcs de fuyif okwfv$wfcsifovdkvd k_zpfae7m| ptdkaygufud k

awhaxmufxd k ;v d ku faomtcgwGi fawm h b<fvd kr Srxde f ;E d l i fawm hy J

(wu<fpifppf okwfxdef;wmawGbmawGvnf; wefcsif;em;vnfwwfod

_cif;r@S dao;yg?) okwf7nfawGyef;xGufukef_cif;_zpfonf? okwf7nftawmf

rsm;rsm;u oif;oif;_zL>ptd kay: wef;wef;rwfrwfusonf?

vlysdKayguft@G<f| umrpGrf;tifawGtpysdK;oefrmprdk h okwfxGufu

tm; _yi f ;onf ? pt d k 0w Gi f a7 _y Gw fE S i f huy fx d k ;ovd k r s d K ; _ zp fonf ?

vD;u zifaygufxJr0ifcJ haomfvnf; w@Sdefxdk;tm;_yif;_yif;ESif hyef;xGufaom

93

okwf7nfwd k hr Stcs d K hu oif ;oi f ; _zLzi fay gufxJod k h wd k ;0i fpi fonf?

ptdkaygufw0dkufrSmawmh okwf7nfpufwdk hwzwfzwfxdrSefum uyfndwif

aeonf? rd k hazgif;tdaomapmufywfay:od k hvnf; okwf7nftcs d K husa7muf

onf? okwf7nfu ylaE G ;aE G ; | cÈ Jy sp fy sp f ? z d k" gw fjoZmwd kvnf ;

pHcs de ft_ynf hygonf?

xd kokwf7nfwd k h>xdawG hr S Konf apmufywfud kodrf hodrf hwke foGm;

aponf? vD;ud kvSrf;ud ki fvmavaom oif;oif;_rwf>vufay:od k hvnf;

aemufqH k ;tokwfyef;xGufaomokwf7nfrsm; usa7mufayusHuke fonf?

vlys d Kaygufwd h k>xH k;p Htwd ki f; okwf7nfyef;xGuf_yD;onfESi f h rwfawmif

aeaomvD;onfvnf; 7ufvGeftDjumauG;vd k @kwfcsnf;yif tm;ukef

ac Gay sm husonf? oif ;oi f ; _zL>vufacsmi f ;r sm ;u rme fusaeaom

vD;wefacGacGaysmhaysmhud kom qkyfud ki fr donf? vD;awmifraeawmhrSe f;

odonfE Si f h oif;oif ; _zLp dwftjuD;tus<fysufoGm;onf? olronf

w^Sm7ruft_yw fE d k ;xum t7r f ;t7r f ;u d k tvd k ; c H c si f aeonf

r[kwfygvm;?

Þ [m- -eif hOpPmu b<fvd k _zpfwmvJ? oGm;prf;? t_yifxGuf?

0if;rd k ;ud k t_ref0ifvmcd ki f;vd kuf- -wu<fygyJ? ß

94

oif;oif ; _zLu rausreyfE Si f hatmf[pfIyifa_ymvd kufr donf?

wefcsi f ;r Sm vef h _ze f hovd kyif _zpfum cÈwfxm;aomykqd k ;ud kaumuf<l

0wfqifum 'a7maomyg;yifxGufoGm;onf? twGif;cHabmif;bDav;udkyif

_yef0wfraeEd li f? vufrSud ki fI xGufoGm;7avonf?

Þ b<fvd kvJuG- -aumif;vm;? yD_yifvm; ß

t_yifbufwGif@S daom0if;rd k;u xGufvmolwefcsif;udk qD;ar;onf?

Þ tif;- -aumif;ygw<fuGm- -'gayr<fh t7nfxGuf_refoGm;

awm h aumi f ;aumi f ;awmi frz d ku fv d ku f7bl ; ? ri f ;u d k ac:aew<f?

0ifoGm;? odyfpdwfavmrjuD;eJ haemf? xdef;_yD;vkyf [kwfvm;- - ß

0if;rd k ;r Sm rdef;rcscsifonfhqENawG t7rf;_yif;_yEd k ;jum;aeav7m

txJod k h0ifoGm;7efa_ymonfESif h csufcsif;yifvpfueJ ta_y;wyd ki f;0ifoGm;

onf? wefcsi f ;qufvufowday;aompum;rsm;ud kyi f aoaocsmcsm

rjum;vd kufawmhyg?

tjurf;xnfom_yD;p D;ao;aomtcef;xJod k h ta_y;wyd ki f ;0ifvm

aom0if;rd k ;onf yvyfpwdwftcif;xufwGif atmufyd ki f ;Avmusif;v#uf

95

'l;axmifaygifum;| apmufywfrd k hr d k hazgif;azgif;z kz kxpfxpfjuD;txif;om;

@ S daeavaom oif;oif ; _zLud k _ri fvd kuf7aomtcg a_cvSr f ;c sufcsi f ;

w H k h7y fo Gm ;onf? r su fv H k ; ju D ;t_yL ;om; | y g ;py fta[mi f ;om;E Si f h

oif;oif;_zLud kp l;p d kufumjunfhaeonf? [aeaomyg;pyfxJrS oGm;7nf

tcs d K hyi f<d kp D ;usonf? woufE Si f hwud k<f r_ri fz l k ;ao;aomrde f ;r>

apmufywf| (tys d Kppfav;> 7rufaZmxjuGaeavaom apmufywf

E kE kop fop faz gi f ;az gi f ;@ G@ Gav;vnf; _zp fy gonf?) ud kxi fxi f@ Sm ;@ Sm ;

y Dy D _yi f _yi fjuD;ud k _ri fvd kuf7aomtcg vlys d Kaygufav;rSm wu<fyif

toufr@ SLE d li f _zp f7onf? ywf0e f ;usi fwc kvH k ;ud k ar hxm;onf?

arhwmrS oif;oif;_zLud kwufcszd k hyg arhaeonf? apmufywfud k oJ JjuD;

rJjuD;ESi f hp l ;p d kufum tyDirf;aeonf?

onfvd ktmomirf;irf; | 7rufpdwf_yif; _yif;E Si f hirf;junfhaerS Kud k

oif;oif;_zKu vdkvm;ESpfoufygonf? onfvd k htjunfhc H7onfhtwGuf

vnf; yDwdz Dvif _zp f7ygonf? od k haomf olronf tvd k ;c Hcsi fp dwf

t7rf;ud kEd k ;xaeav7m onftwdkif;_yL;_yJjuD;junfhaewmudk tm;r7Ed lif?

Þ vm- -wufav[m- -bm_yL;junfhaewmvJ? wufcs ß

oif;oif ; _zLu cyf7i f h7i f hyi f vSr f ;Iac:onf? 0if ;r d k ;onf

96

csufcsif;vSKyf@ Sm;vmum oif;oif;_zLay: wcgwnf;wufIcGavawmh

onf? pdwft7rf;xjuG| em;xifem;7if;awGvnf;ylum ~rl@SL;xdk;vkyfaqmif

ovd k _ zp f7m aumi fav;r S m 0wfxm;aomy kq d k ;u d k yi frc Èw fE d l i f y J

onftwdki f; aumifrav;ay:wufcGavonf?

Þ [m- -vky fvm_ye f _y D ? ei f h y kq d k ; c Èw ft ke f ;r S ay g h[?

ykqd k ;0wf7ufjuD;e J h vky fvd k h _zp frvm;? 'gav;awmif em;rvnfEd li f

bl;vm; ß

tvd k ;c Hcsi fp dwfawG xde f ;rE d li fodr f ;r7awmhatmif t_ywfud k

E d k ; juGaeavaomoif ;oif ; _zLr Sm vd k ;rnf haumi fav; txmrus|

ta<mifa<miftrSm;r Sm ; _zp fae7m pdwfr@ Snfawmh? cyfaigufaiguf

a_ymrdonf? xd ktcgrS0if;r d k ;uvnf; 0wfxm;aomykqd k ;ud kcÈwfonf?

t7ifvd ktaES;_zpfqd kovdk pdwfawGvSKyf@ Sm;t7ifvd kaeav7m ykqd k ;yif

tvG<fwulrcÈwfEd li f? [dkqG Jonfud kifESif h _zpfaeonf? oif;oif;_zLvnf;

pdwfr@SnfawmhyJ 0if;rd k ;>ykqd k ;ud kulumvSrf;qG JcÈwfay;onf? atmufcH

abmi f ;b Du d kvn f ; 0 d k i f ;u lc Èw fay ;onf ? oi f ;oi f ; _ z Luuln DI

0if;rd k ;>ykqd k;ESi f htwGif;cHabmifbDwd k h tcs de fwd kwd ktwGif;uÈwfxGufoGm;

juygonf?

97

od k haom f xd ko d k hc Èwfay;7mwGi f vD ;ud koi f ;oi f ; _zLvufE Si f h

xdrdav7m 7rufaZmawGt7rf;xef_yif;aygufuGJaeavaom vlysdK@k dif;av;

0if;r d k ;r Sm xd kr#avmufaomØr×"gwfxdawG hr S Kav;ud kyif awmif hrcHE d li fy J

okwf7nfawGyef;Iyef;I xGufukefavawmhonf?

aoG;om;ql_zd K;ump vlys d Kaygufav;rd k h okwfxGufjurf;onf?

okwf7nfrsm;onf oif;oif;_zL>vufz0g;| vufzs H | vufcke fwd k hay:od k h

a7_yGwfESif hyef;csonfhtvm; wyspfyspfusukefonf? ylaEG;yspfcÈJap;uyfaom

okwf7nfwd k h vufay:ud kusrS Konf oif;oif;_zLud kjuufoD;awGxum

wkefcd kufoGm;aponf? 'gayr<fh vd k;awmifrvd k;7ao;cif okwf7nfxGuf

u ke fum vD ;uvnf ;c su fc si f ;ac Gay sm huso Gm ;av7m umr7rufr D ;

tv#HnD;nD;awmufavmifum umrpyf<SufrS Kud kvnf; txl;yifvd kvm;

wrf;waeaomoif;oif;_zLwa<muf tjuD;tus<frausrcsrf;_zpfonf?

qyfwiH hi H hE Si f h rcsif hr7JjuD;vnf; cHpm;7onf? t7rf;uma7mqmavmif

iwfr Gwfaeolwa<muf pm;aumif ;aomufz G<f7mrsm;pm;7umeD ;usr S

ykwfxkwfypf_cif;c H7ovdkrs d K ; cHpm;7onf?

Þ awmuf- -[m- -eifvnf; tvum;yJ? oGm;ju- -

oGm;ju- -eifwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k ; oGm;juawmh? oGm;vd k ha_ymaewm

bmajumifjunfhaewvJ- -oGm;ju- -oGm;ju- - ß

98

oif;oif; _zLu pdwfwd kwd kp dwfaygufaygufE Si f h atmfaigufypf

vd kufonf?

0i f ;r d k ;vnf ; ' l ; ac gi f ; avmufem ;q Do d k h av #musaeavaom

twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dud k ure f ;uwef ; _ye fqG Jrwi fum uÈwfaeaom

ykqd k ;ud kawmh _yefyifr0wfEd li f? vufrSud ki fv#uf uaomua_rmyif

xGufoGm;7avonf?

tcef;t_yifok d ha7mufrSm ykqd k;ud kt_ref_yef0wf7onf? xdkaemuf

wefcsif;ESi f h0if;rd k ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufonf oHk;xyfpmoifaqmifay:rS cyfokwf

okwfyifqif;vmcJ hjuonf? olwd k htzd k h <cktcgwGifrS umrrSKudpPud k

yxrqHk;_yKvkyfzl;juay7m tvdkvdkyif pdwfvSKyf@Sm;aemufwGef haejuonf?

onfudpPwGifoif;oif;_zLu rdef;uav;wefrJ h a@S haqmifa@S h@ Gufvkyfovdk

vnf ;@ S dae _ye fav7m <ckoi f ;oi f ; _zLu aigufie f ;E Si fx kwfav7m

aumifav;ESpfa<mufonf qufrae7JjuawmhyJ t_refyifokwfa_cwifum

xGufoGm;ju_cif;_zpfonf?

wu<fawmh olwd k hoH k ;a<mufvH k; umrrSKudpPrsm;wGif (t_ym

0wÔ Kr sm ;zwf@ S Kxm;I pmawG hA[ko kwtweftoif h@ S d aeaom fvnf ; )

vufawG htawG htjuH KvH k ;0r@ S d ? aumi f ;p Gmwwfodem;vnf_ci f ;vnf;

99

r@S daomajumifhom <ckvdkta_ctaersdK;_zpf7_cif;yif? vlysdKaygufav;rsm;

_zp fI okwfrxde f ;E d li f | rxde f ;wwfao;y J okwfv$wft7rf ; _re fum

okwfxGufoGm;_yD;aemuf vD;aysmhacGusoGm;ju7aomfvnf; pdwfat;at;

ESif hc^em;vd kufv#if rjumrDvD;_yefrwfawmifvmum vdk;Ed li faqmfEd li f

juayvdrf hrnf? <ckoif;oif;_zLuvnf; t7rf;zDvifwufum t_ywf

Øa[mh×v#uf tvdk;cHcsifae7uf vdk;rnfhvD;r@S donfrd k h pdwfwdka'gyGatmf[pf|

aumifav;ESpfa<mufrSmvnf; tpuwnf;uyif onf;xdwf7ifzd karmae

juonfhjum;rS onfvdkawGhjuHK7awmh yd kpdwf@SKyfESif h vD;vnf;_yefawmif

Ed li fv#ufeJ h rawmifEd li fy J | umrpyf<Suf7onftxdta_ctaera7muf

awmhyJ ØyG Jysuf×ovdk_zpfoGm;7av_yD?

aumifav;ESp fa<mufxGufc GmoGm;juaomfvnf; oif;oif; _zL

rSmawmh oHk;xyfausmif;aqmifopftay:qHk;xyfrStcef;xJwGif atmufyd kif;

Avmusif;v#uf yvyfpwdwftcif;xufwGif tdyfv#ufom;usefaecJ honf?

o lr>aoG ;om;w d k huvnf ; r D ; _yi f ;x d k ;xm;aombd G K i fvmtd k ; ju D ;v d k

t_ywfud kqla0aejuonf? aygufuG Jxef_yif;aejuonf? bmyJa_yma_ym|

olrE Si f hpmv#i f aumi fav;E Sp fa<mufu okwf7nfrsm;xGufc J h juI

twe ftoi f h z Dvi faw Gavsm hu ke f juonf ? tenf ;tusO f ;vnf ;

t7omc Hpm;ju7avao;onf? oif ;oi f ; _zLc_rmr Smawmh vH k ;0ud k

rØ_yD;×ao;yJ Ø_yD;×awmhrvd kvd kvnf;_zpfv#uf judwfrEd li fc Jr7| aerxd

100

xdki from| wtH kaE G ;aE G ;E Si f hvl;umvGe f hum aumhumvSKy fum_zpfae7

@ Smavonf? rdr dapmufywfud k vufE Si f hud ki fy GwfIom tmoma_z

zDvif<lae7avawmhonf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyi f oif ;oif ; _zL>teD ;od k h a<muf sm;wa<muf

a7mufvmonf? xd kvlonf atmufy d ki f ;wGi frnfonf ht0wftpm;r#

r@ S d ? Avmusi f ;aeonf? vD ;juD ;uvnf; t_ywfawmi faev#uf?

vD;uvnf; tonf;<m;p7maumif;avmufatmifyif juD;rm;wkwfcd ki f

onf? t@Snf(10)vufrausmfonf? vD;wefvH k ;ywfu ayghumtcs d K7nf

oHbl;avmufeD;yg; wkwfonf? vD;xdyfz l ;ay:@S dta7_ym;ud kqG JvSe fum

'p faz:Ixm;7m e D7 J _y Jve faeaom'p fjuD ;uvnf; _ri fr dolr de f ;rrsm;

apmufywfcsufc si f ;<m;xvmapatmi f qG Jaqmi ftm;t_ywfaumi f ;

aeonf ? tay:y d k i f ;w Gi f awm h c s d K i f ; _ yw fp Gy fu s< f0w fxm;onf ?

nmbufvufxJwGi fawmh uyd ku@k dacgufxm;aom ausmif ;p dr f ;y kqd k ;

wxnfud ki fxm;onf? rsufE Smay:wGi fawmh usefausmif ;y H kr sufE Smz H k ;

p Gy fxm;onf?

u d k< f h z Dvi f E S i f hu d k< f t_yw fv l ;umv d S r f hum _zp f aeaom

oif;oif;_zLuawmh juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaom vD;acsmif;rwfrwfawmif

awmi f ju D ;y d k i f @ S i f | a<mus f m ;wa<mufo lrem ;a7mu fvmonfu d k

101

csufcsif;rodao;ay? tzkwfud komzdIyGwfES d Kuf7if; w[if;[if;_zpfae

onf?

Þ [dwf- -'DrSm- - ß

rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlu toHcyftkyftkyf_yKvdkufonf? oif;oif;_zLvnf;

r S dw fv kv kpi f ;u saeaomr su fv H k ;u d k tomz Gi f humarm f junf honf ?

a<mufsm;u olr7ifbwfab;em;wGi f a_cESp facsmi f ;cy fum;um;_yKI

rwfwyf7yfaeav7m yufvuftdyfae7mrS rsufvH k;z Gi fjunfhvd kufaom

oif;oif ; _zLonf rwfawmifaeavaomvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k wef;Iyif

awG h _rif7avonf?

Þ td k- - ß

ju D ;rm ;w kw fc d k i fonf hv D ; ju D ;u d k _ri fv d ku f7onf hc^Yyi f

tys d Krav;>yg;py fr S a7@ GwfoHav;wcsuf tvd kvd kay:xGufonf?

7ru faZmaw G x de f ; rE d l i fo d r f ; r7awm hatmi fxe f _ yi f ; aeavaom

oif;oif;_zLrSm tm;aumif;armif;oef| vD;wefwkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD;ud k

_rif7aomtcg wyfwyfrufrufyif pl;pd kufumjunfhrdavonf? vD;juD;u

wu<f hu d ktm ;7p7m ju D ;y g ? t7r f ; ju D ;on f ? t7r f ; @ Sn fon f ?

102

tyDt_yifwkwfcd ki fonf? qD;pyfwGif i@kwfusnfayG htjuD;pm;juD;wyfxm;

ovd k | opfyifyifpnfr S awmif hoefaomopfi kwfjuD;xd k ;xGufaeovd k |

xd k ;xd k ;axmifaxmifjuD;@ S daeonf?

v D ;we f ju D ;>atmufa _cw Gi f awm h twe fyi f ju D ;rm ;aom

a~G;tkjuD;ESpfcku yduyfaeonf? wGJusae_cif;r@S d? xdkvD;juD;ud k_rifvd kuf

7onfESif h oif;oif;_zLrSm 'gjuD;ESif hvd k ;wmudkcHvd konfhpdwfrsm; csufcsif;

_zpfay:vmonf? vD;yd kif@Sifrnfolrnf0g_zpfonfudk pl;prf;zk d hpdwfrul;awmh?

olr>tjunfhuvnf; xdkol>rsufESmqDodk hyifra7muf? rwfawmifaeav

aomvD;juD;rSrcGmEd li fatmif pl;pl;p d kufpd kufjunfhIaeavonf?

juD;vd kufwJ h[mjuD;? 'gjuD;e J hvky f7if cHE l di fyg hrvm;? t7rf;

emr<fxifw<f? oGif;vd k haum 0ifyg hrvm;? ighOpPmav;u usOf;usOf;av;

[kawG;onf? 'gayr<fh xd kvD;juD;eJ hvd k ;wmudkawmh odyfcHcsifvmonf?

emrnfvm;[kawG;rdaomfvnf; emrSmud krajumuf? emumrS ema7mh?

apmufywfuGJumrS uGJa7mh? tvdk;cHzd k htoifh@S daeonf? xdkolb<folb<f0g

qd kwmudkvnf; rodcsif? <ckvwfwavm rdrdwudk<fvH k;qla0yGufx

aeavaom umr7rufr D ;a _y _i dr f ;apa7;onf oif ;oi f ; _zLtwGuf

ta7;juD;aeavonf? rdef;uav;wdk h>tda_EN| xdef;odrf;7rnfhoduQmawG|

t@SuftajumufawG| tm;vH k;bmud kr#ta7;rxm;Ed li fawmhyg?

103

xdkvD;acsmif;juD;| olr>apmufywftwGif;bufod k h wif;juyfpGm

xd k;oGif;um y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k;aqmif hay;wmudk odyfud kc Hcsifaeonf?

umrpyf<SufrSKt7omudk t7rf;vdkvm;wyfrufaeonf? rdrdwudk<fvHk;wGif

avmif_rdKufaeaom7rufrD;v#Hrsm;udk xdkvD;rSyef;xkwfaomokwf7nfwdk h_zif h

_i dr f ;owfay;apvd konf?

oif;oif;_zLonf wkwf_zdK;avaomaygifwefjuD;ESpfacsmif;udk ydkum;

ay ;v d ku fonf ? wi fy g ; ju D ;u d k yi f cy f ju G ju Gav;aum hwi fonf ?

x d ko lwu fc s E d l i f 7 e f ty Dt _yi ftoi f h a eay ;v d ku f _ c i f ; _ z p fon f ?

wufvd k;z d k h t_ywfzdwfac:vd kufrS Kvnf;_zpfonf? ol>apmufywfjuD;u

_yL;IwpfI tyDt_yifay:vmonf? yguifryGif hao;aom tysd Kppfppf

apmufywfav;rdk h aygifjuD;awGtyDum;ay;xm;aomfvnf; [_yJ_yJjuD;awmh

_zpfraeyg? zkxpfrdk hwufaeavaom apmufywfESKwfcrf;om;ESpfcktjum;wGif

[wwtuGJuav; r_yK hw_yLom_zpfaeonf? aygufumpapmufar$;av;

awGu El;nH h _y D; wd kuvnf;wd kaeao;ay7m aoaocsmcsmjunfhr Som

apmufar$;aygufump_zpfajumif; odEl di fonf? omrefjunfh@ k HE Si f hawmh

apmufywfu tar$;r@S d? Ekopfa_ymifpifovdk@ S daeygonf? umrqdyf

p dwfukefatmifwufaeonfrd k h apmufaphuawmh aigufawmufjuD;ud k

axmifaeonf? (oif;oif;_zL>apmufaphonf rlvuyif tawmfjuD;

onf?) tmwmuGJaeaomyJaphjum;rS ta!Smif hxGufaeovdkyif?

104

rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fa<mufsm;u bmr#a_ymrae? 'l;axmifaygifum;|

apmufywfjuD;t_yL;om;_zpfaeavaom tysdKrav;ay:odk h yd kifyd kifEd lifEd lifyif

wufcGonf? 0if;rd k hwd k h | wefcsif;wd k hvd k tavmwjuD;r@S d? 'gudkaxmuf@SKI

olonf umrqufqHrS KwGif aumif;aumif;txmusuÈrf;usifajumif;

oi f ;oi f ; _ z Lo dv d ku fon f ? apmapmuaumi f av;E S p f a<mu fv d k

xpfueJqd k okwf7nfawGyspfueJyef;xGufv#uf| ØyG Jysuf×7onfhta_ctae

rs d K ;rjuHKE d li f[kvnf; twyfodvd kufonf? umrpyf<Sufr S Kt7omud k

ususeec Hpm;7awmhrnfr d k h oif ;oif ; _zLausey fonf? 7ify d kc ke fonf?

'grs d K;rjuHKzl;ao;onfh tysd Krav;ayyJ? onfavmufawmh @S dayvdrh frnf?

oi f ;oi f ; _z Lonf r su fv H k ;tomr S dw fum r su fE S mav;u d k

ab;bufod k hapmif;vd kufonf? rdrdapmufywfxJod k h vD;juD;xd k ;oGif;um

vd k ;v#i f tzkwfuG JroGm;ygapESi f h[kawmh judwfumqkawmif;r donf?

r su f E S m z H k ; p G y f a<mu f s m ;u aumi f rav;>a _cu si f ; 0w fE S p f c ku d k

b<fnmvufESpfbuf_zif h cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fum tay:od k hqG J<lv#uf

a@S hod k hzdwGef;csonf? oif;oif;_zL>aygifvHk;wkwfwkwf_zdK;_zdK;| _zL_zLazG;azG;

ju D ;onfvnf ; auG ;Iaxmi fwufonf? ay gi fw Ge f ;wi fr S Kuawm h

tom;ukefvdk_zpfonf? 'l;acgif;rsm;u aumifrav;>ykckef;pGef;ESpfzufudkyif

ausmfvGefxGufonf? a_cacsmif;rsm;onf oif;oif;_zL>acgif;xufem;rS

yvy fpwdwftci f ;pud k xdvkxdci fyi f _zp faeonf? zi f ju D ;qd kv#i f

105

tcif;yvyfpwdwfptay:buf wayomomcef ha7mufatmifyif juGwuf

aeonf? zifomr[kwf? cg;yifv#if tay:a_rmufaeonf? cg;@k d;tv<fydkif;

em;avmufomv#if atmuf@S dyvyfpwdwfpESif h xdrdaeonf?

aumifrav;wudk<fvHk;@S d t@kd;tajumtqpfwdk honf tom;ukef

auG;!$wfv#uf aumh hqef hIaeonf? qef h7onfhjuGufom;ESi f htajum

tqpfwd k hu omre ftaetxm;xufy d kvGe fatmi f qef hxGufaeovd k

us H K h7auG;7onfh juGufom;t@k d ;tqpft_rpfwd k honf omrefxufrsm;pGm

yd kvGefatmif usH K haeauG;aeonf? rnfonfht@k d k ;tajumtqpfrSe for#

yH kr Se fa<bk<sta_ctaewGif r@S dawmh? olr>cEÉmud k<fwckvH k ;onf

wcgr#r@S dbl;ao;aomta_ctaewGi f topf_ye fvnfwnfaqmufxm;

ovdkrs d K;_zpfonf? tae7cufovdkvd k@S daomfvnf; onfvdkrs d K;@S dae7wmudk

oif ;oif ; _zLE Sp foufr S Kvnf; _zp fonf? 'g[m y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;z d k h

_yi fqifwmyJ[kawG;r d _ye fawmh onfvd kr s d K ;ta_ctaeESi f h tm;7yg;7

umrpy f<Sufc H7awmhr Smud k t7r f ;ud kar #m fvi f h jud Kqd kaer davonf?

cs7ifawmh vdrf haerSmyJ? aumif;vnf;odyfaumif;rSm[k pOf;pm;rdonf?

olr>apmufywfuawmh rjuHKz l ;atmifyi f _yL;wpfay:vGi faeonf?

tqD ;twm;tumtuG< f v H k ; 0r@ S d ? r su fE S mz H k ; p G y f a<mu f s m ;>

pdwfjudKufvd k7moH k;| judKufovdk_yKrlEd li f7ef Ø0×uGufumtyfay;xm;ovdk

_zpfaeonf?

106

a<mufsm;u tysd Krav;>juGwufaeaomzifjuD;aemufem;wGif

' l ;axmufumcsonf? _yD;awmh 'l;ud ky Gwfa@$ hum a@S hod k hwd k ;uyfonf?

rw fawmi faeavaomvD ;we f ju D ;onf 0e fc s D pu farmi f ;w H ju D ;v d k

we f ;we f ;rwfrwfjuD ;@ S daeonf? a@ S hwd k ;tuyfwGi f vD;'p fxdy fz l ;u

rd k hazmi f ;t7nf@ $r f ;p d kaeaom apmufywfjuD;ud k xdr daxmufr donf?

xd ktxdonf "gwfvd kufc H7ovd kyif oif;oif;_zLud k xd k ;xd k ;xGe f hxGe f h

_zp faponf? aumifrav;onf tomacgi f ;axmifum rsufvH k ;ud k

cy far S ;ar S ;z Gi f hI r dr daygi fc G jum;qDod k h vSr f ; junf honf? ud k<fr Sm

abmvH k ;r_zpf@ k Hwr<f vH k ;vH k ;auG;auG;@ S dae7m apmufywf_yifjuD;ud k

txif;om;_rifEl di fonf? tzkwfud kxdaxmufaeavaomvD;juD;ud kvnf;

tonf;<m;pGmawGh7onf? xdkvD;juD;xd k;oGif;vmv#if tzkwfxJwif;juyf

_ynf hodyfv#uf tDpdrf hatmifcHpm;7awmhrnf? ememjuifjuif| _yif;_yif;

@ S@ S | rde f;r de f ;r l;r l;txdtawGht7omudk iH hvif hIaerdonf? oGif;ygawmh|

vD;xd k ;oGi f ;ygawmh[kvnf; aumifrav;pdwfxJrS judwfumawmif hw

aerdonf?

a[m- -?

ieJom;u zifa_ymifjuD;ud k tomjuGaÕrmufonf? vD;oGif;

awmhr SmodI oif;oif; _zLutoufatmif hum tHav;rodromcJxm;

107

vdkufonf? rdr d>zifjuD;ud kvnf; aumhIyif hay;um| apmufywfxJ

xd k ;oGi f ;E d k li f7e f tvd kufoif hvky fay;onf? olr>apmufywfuawmh

vd k ;vmrnf hvD ; juD ;ud k jud Kqd konf htvm; qwfqwfwke fvS Ky fc gIyi f

aeonf ? apmu fac gi f ;tw Gi f ;bu fr S tom;E kE k av;aw Guvnf ;

yGpdyGp dvSKyfvd k haejuonf? xdkol zifwcsufvSKyfonf? vD;xdyfzl;onf

tz kw fx Jwp fIwd k ;0i fonf ? vD ;u d kvuf _zi f hu d k i fx de f ;7e fyi frv d ky J

cs de fom;ud kufp Gm0ifatmifxd k ;oGi f ;E d li f _cif ;ajumif h xd koltvd k ;uÈrf;usif

ajumif; yd kodomxif@Sm;onf?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- -tara7 [if h ß

<ifz d kyi froe f ;z l ;ao;aom tys d Kpp fpp fav;apmufywfxJod k h

a<mufsm;wefqmvD;juD; aps;OD;aygufwdk;0ifrSKonf tysdKrav;wudk<fvHk;

z d e f ;@ S d e f ;o Gm ;aponf? vD ;x dy fy d k i f ; vufr0ufr@ S dw@ S d avmufom

wd k ;0ifonfrd k h ppfueJpyfzsi f ;zsi f ; _zpfonfrSty emjuifrS Kododomom

rc Hpm;7ao;? 7i fvS d Kufz d karmz G<f7maumi f ;aom vD;>txdtawG h

umrt7omudkawmh tyDcHpm;7av_yDrd k h aumifrav; cyfoJ hoJ h _rnfwrf;

r donf?

rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fa<mufsm;u oif;oif;_zL>nmbufEd k hud k tom

108

qkyfud ki fqG Je<fonf? cg;ud kaumhum zifa_ymifjuD;ud k cyfqwfqwf

vSKyfvdkuf_yefonf? xdktcg vD;'pf_yJvefjuD;wckvHk; tysdKppfppfyguifydwf

apmufacgif;usOf;usOf;av;xJod k h 0ifvmavonf? ieJom;rSm vD;juD;vS

ay7m 'p f _y J juD ;uyif oH k ;vufrausm fonf? a<muf sm;trsm;p k>

omre fv D ;t@ G< ftpm;w0uf@ S donfr d k h tys d Krav;atmi f hIemonf?

wudk<fvHk; xlylzdef;@S def;aumhvefwufoGm;7atmifvnf; t7omawGhonf?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -emw<f- -emw<f ß

oif ;oi f ; _zL rsufE Smav;@ S H K hr J hum pky fowfnnf;r d@ Smonf?

tay:r Sc Gv d k ; aeo l>vufarmi f ;E Sp fzu fu d kvnf ; oG< fay smi f ;aom

vufacsmif;uav;rsm;_zif h cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fr d@ Smonf? acgif;vnf;

b<fnmwcsufvSKyf<rf;onf? wdk;0ifvmaom'pf_yJjuD;u apmufacgif;

xJwGif wpfqd k hIaeonf? oyfjuD;wacsmif; v#d KoGif;ovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf?

rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fa<mufsm;u zifa_ymifjuD;ud k wcsufvSKyfIzdcs_yefonf?

vD;wefjuD;wvufromomavmuf apmufacgif;usOf;av;xJod k h xyfrH

wd k ;0i fonf?

Þ tm;- -emw<f- -odyfemw<f- -tjuD;juD;y J@ Si f h ?

tukefoGif;vd k h _zpfyg hrvm;- -txJrSm t7rf;emaew<f@Sif ß

109

onfwc s Dv D ; 0 i fvmc su fuawm h awm f awm f jur f ;on f ?

oif;oif;_zL xGef hxGef hyifvl;aeonf? vdk;aeol>7ifbwfESpfbufud kyif

vuf0g;ESpfbuf_zif h vSrf;wGef;rdonf? _yD;awmh yxrqHk;tjudrft_zpf

r dr dud k wufvd k ;aeol>rsufESmud kjunf hr donf? usefausmif;rsufESmyH k

_rif7onfwGif @kwfw7ufvefh_zef hovdk_zpfrdao;onf? odk haomfcsufcsif;yif

usefausmif;rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fxm;_cif;_zpfajumif;oabmaygufum vef hp dwf

a_yaysmufonf? xd kolrnfolrnf0g[k wdwdususrodE d li fr S Kuvnf;

oif;oif;_zLtm; wrsd K;wzH kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aponf?

<c kta_ctaewGi f oi f ;oi f ; _zLtz d k h r dr du d kwufvd k ;aeol

rnfolrnf0g _zp fonfu bmr#ta7;rjuD;yg? xd kolvd k ;ay;r S Kajumif h

c Hpm;7@S daeaomumrpnf;pdr fz Dvift7omonfomv#if t"du_zpfonf?

yg ;py fu emonf[knnf;wGm;aeaomfvnf; xd kolyi f hwGe f ;xm;onf h

taetxm;ud kawmh rysufapyg? @ke f ;uefxGuf _ci f ;r s d K ;vnf; r_yK?

qufvd k;wmcHzd k h toif h@ S daeonf? apmufywfud kvnf; aumhyif ha_zzGif h

ay;xm;onf? xdkolu tomwcsufzdxdk;csvdkuf_yefonf? vD;xdyfzl;onf

oif;oif;_zL>apmufacgif;aygufxJwGif zH k;tkyfumaeaomtysdKtarS;yg;ud k

oGm;Ixdaxmufxd k ;r donf?

Þ a[m- - ß

110

rdrd>tysd KtarS;yg;ud k xdrdaxmufrdonfud k7 dy fr daom oif;oif;

_zL>yg;pyfrS toHav;_yKrdonf? xd koluvnf; vD;ESi f htys d KtarS;yg;

xdrdwmudk od[efwlonf? vD;toGif;csufcsif;yif7yfonf? zifa_ymifjuD;

ud kawm h rodromvS Ky faeonf? vD;xdy fz l ;onf tys d Ktar S ;y g ;ud k

wi f ;ue Jt due J _zp fatmi f xdr dz dr daeonf? vD ;qufroGi f ;awm hI

pkwf_ywfoGm;atmifxd k ;azguf_cif;awmh r@S dao;? xdkolu oif;oif;_zL>

Ed k hawGud k udkifqG Jvm_yefonf? t7ifqH k; 0wfxm;qJ_zpfaomt0wftpm;

rsm;ay:rSud ki fonf? xdkaemuf oif;oif;_zL0wfxm;aom wufx@G Ht_zL

vuf@Snf7ifzH k;tuFs D>us<foD;rsm;udk_zKwfonf? (oif;oif;_zLrSm cyfa[mh

a[m ht0wftpm;r sm ;0wfqi favh@ S d aom fvnf ; ausmi f ;wufc s d e f r d k h

7ifz ke f ;vuf@SnftuFs D0wfxm;_cif; _zpfonf?)

oif;oif;_zLuvnf; ulI_zKwfay;vd kuf7m wc^twGif;rSmyif

tay:0wftuFs Dus<foD;tm;vH k ; _yKwfonf? tuFs D7i fbwfy Gi f h[onf?

ieJom;u abmfvD7ifbH kwckatmuf vufv#d KoGif;um Ed k htH kom;EkEkxGwf

x Gw fu d kq ky fe<fonf? _y D ;awm h abm fv Daemufausmc s dw f _z Kw fz d k h

vufvSrf;7m ukef;uke f ;uGuGESi f htcs d K ;rus_zpfaeonf? ol hvD;uvnf;

aumifrav;>apmufywfwGif av;vufrausmfausmfavmufwd k ;0ifum

wpfvpfjuD;_zpfae7m tukef;tuG| tvSKyft@Sm;rvGwfvyf? vD;ESi f h

apmufywfud k rlvDpkyfumqGJxdef;xm;ovdk_zpfonf?

111

Þ usr _zKwfay;r<f- - ß

oi f ;oi f ; _zLua_ym_y D ; r dr d>Zmabm fvDaemufausmc s dw fu d k

ud k<fwd ki fpr f ; _zKwfonf? tqifody fra_ycsi f? xd kajumif h abmfvD

aemufausmcs dwf_zKwfraeawmhyJ abmfvDykcke f;od ki f;judK;ud k vufarmif;

rsm;ay:qG Jcsv#uf abmfvD7ifbH kud k cyfavsmhavsmh_zpfatmifvkyfv#uf

Ed k htH krsm;tm; qGJaz:vSpfay;vdkufavonf? toufi<f@G<fao;aomfvnf;

Ed k htH kawGuawmh vHk;juGrd k h0ef;aeonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;ESpfck pkpkcÈefcÈefESif h

axmifwufaeonf? rsufESmzH k;pGyfa<mufsm;u rdk h0ef;avaomEdk htHkESpfvHk;udk

p H kud ki fum cyfwif ;wif ;!Sp fonf? _y D ;awmh Ed k ho D ;acgi f ;av;rsm;ud k

vufrrsm;ESi f hz dIyGwfonf? oif;oif;_zL waumhaumh_zpfaeonf?

Þ qufoGif;av@Sif- -[if h- -[dk t7rf;awmh rvkyfe J haemf?

usru tckrSptvkyfcHz l;wm? _znf;_znf;eJ haumif;atmifvkyfay;- -

odvm;- - ß

7rufaZmEd k ;xaeaomoif;oif;_zLu cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;a_ymonf?

xd kolu Ed k hud ki fe<fae7mrS vufwbufud kv$wfum aumifrav;>

yg;rd k hr d k hwzufud k tomqGJvdrfonf?

112

Þ td k;- -bmrSef;vJrodbl; ß

apmufywfxJvD;oGif;wmcH| Ed k hrsm;udkyif udk<fwdkifqGJxkwfaz:vSpf

ay;c J havaomoif;oif; _zLonf yg;vdr fc H7onfwGi f @SufpEd k ; _zp fum

xdkol>vufarmif;ud k tomqGJvdrfvd kufrdonf? xdkolonf 0ifaeaom

vD;tyd ki f;ud k qG Jxkwf_yefoGif; | vSKyfpdvSKyfp dvkyfaeonf? oif;oif;_zL

xd k ;xd k ;xGef hxGe f hE Si f hvl;vl;vGef hvGe f h _zpfvmonf?

Þ td k;- -[if h[if h- -oGif;av- -qufoGif;vd k hqd k- -[if h ß

acwWr# aumifrav;vl;vGe f haumhys Hatmifa!Smif hay;_y D ;aemuf

ie Jom;onf ol hvD;juD;ud k cyfqwfqwfzdp d kufxd k ;oGi f ;csvd kufonf?

vD;oGi f ;onfud kodonfE Si f h oif;oif ; _zLuvnf; zifjuD;ud kaumhyi f h

wifay;vd kufonf? vD;wvufrausmfausmfxyf0ifonf? vD;xdyfzl;onf

apmufacgi f ;aygufxJ@ S d tys d KtarS;yg;ud kp kwf_ywfoGm;atmif ususee

xdk;azgufypfvd kufonf? vD;toGif;wGif vD;>zdtm;ajumif h tysdKtarS;yg;

wif;ueJ_zpfoGm;rS K | wif;cHaeaomtysd KtarS;yg; pkwf_ywfoGm;rS K | vD;juD;

xd ktarS;yg;ae7mudkausmfvGefum wdk;0ifvmrSKud k vdk;ola7m| tvdk;cHolyg

tqif hqif hc Hpm;od@S d7onf? tysd KtarS;yg;pkwf_ywfoGm;aomaumifrav;

_yif;_yif;_y_yemjuifovdk tarS;yg;udkxdk;azgufrdaomvD;>xdyfzl;onfvnf;

113

pyfueJ| juifueJ_zpfonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -emvd kufwm@Sif h- -tm; tm;tm;- -usr[m

uG JoGm;_y Dvm;rodbl;- -emw<f- -emw<f- -trav;av;- -

aoyg_yD- -aoyg_yD- - ß

emjuifrS K _yif;_yvGef;aomajumif h oif;oif;_zLatmf[pfrdonf?

wufcGvd k ;aeolud kyif wGef;xkwfrdonf? od k haomf tyd ki ftEd li fwufcGxm;

onfrd k h wGef;z<fxkwfIr7yg? rsufESmzH k;pGyfa<mufsm;rSmvnf; tysdKppfppf

av;>tysdKtarS;yg;udk pkwf_ywfoGm;atmifxdk;azgufyguifzGif hvdkufrSKajumifh

7rufaZm[kef;ueJEd k ;xvmav7m wqufwnf;yif vD;ud kqufIxdk;cs

zdoGif;vdkufonf? usOf;juyfaeaomapmufywfav;xJodk h q<fvufrausmf

@SnfonfhvD;acsmif;juD;wacsmif;vH k ; t_ynfhtodyftqHk;0ifoGm;avawmh

onf?

Þ tm;- -tm;- -emvd kufwm- -t7rf;juD;yJ? aoyg_yD- -

odyfjurf;w<f@Sif- -tm; tm;tm;- -emw<f- - ß

7ufpuf7mawmh usonf? 'gayr<fh pdwft7rf;xaeonfrd k h

raeEd lifyJoGif;vdkufrdonf? zdxdk;oGif;awmh 0ifonf? vD;onf yljuifIyif

114

oGm;onf? wppfppfemonf? atmif hovd k _zpfonf? aumifrav;rSm

t7rf;udkemvSonf? tzkwfrSm uGJrwwf_zpfonf? tysdKtarS;yg;pkwf_ywfI

emonfh'^fa7m| wcgrStvdk;rcHzl;ao;aom topfpufpufapmufacgif;

ay gufusO f ;usO f ;av;xJod k h p Hc s d e fv Ge fatmi f juD ;rm;wkwfc d k i fv Saom

vD;acsmif;wkwfwkefxGm;xGm;juD; rqef hr_yJtqHk;0ifatmifxd k ;oGif;cHvd kuf

7I apmufac gi f ;ay gu f touke fus<f _ye f hx Gu fo Gm ;r S K>'^fud ky g

rc s d rqe f h c H 7@ S mavonf ? i d k yi f i d k r don f ? emwmu t7r f ;y gy J ?

aumif;uvnf; aumif;ygonf?

oif;oif;_zL>pdwfxJwGif rdrdapmufywfxJxdk;oGif;aomvD;acsmif;

juD;onf yg;pyfxJr StHIacsmxGufvmavrnfvm;[kyif xifr donf?

vD;u wu<fud k S@ Snfonf? tvHk;vnf; wkwfonf? olr>apmufywf

xJwGif wpfqd k h _ynf hjuyfIaeonf? emjuifrS Ka0'emESif htwl jurf;@S

xef_yif;aom7rufzDvifvnf; cHpm;7v#uf| apmapmuEd k ;xxef_yif;c J h

avaom umrt@S de fwd k hE Si f haygif;pyfum yguifyGi f h _y D;umptys d Krav;rSm

wcsDØ_yD;×oGm;7avonf? t_ym0wÔKzwf7if; rdrdudk<frdrdudkifwG<fyGwfuvdI

Ø _y D ; ×c J h7onfr sm ;xuf y d kIt7omawG honf? onfwcg Ø _y D ; ×7wmu

udk<f hzmomud k<f apmufywfyGwfvd k hr[kwf? a<mufsm;vd k ;wmcH7vd k h

Ø _y D;× _cif;_zpfonf? xd k h _yif Ø_yD;×onfhtcs de fwGifvnf; apmufywfxJwGif

wkwfcd ki foefrmxGm;judKi f;vSaomvD;acsmif;juD;u t_ynfhtodyfxd k ;oGif;

115

xm;_yefav7m aumifrav;yd kIzDvif7onf?

oi f ;oi f ; _zL>yg ;py fr S m trs d K ;r s d K ; a7@ Gw fa _ymqd kaer donf ?

yxrqHk;tjudrf a<musfm;vd k ;wmcH7v#uf| Ø7mESKe f; _ynf h ×z Dvift7om

t_ynfhESifhØ_yD;×cJh7aomajumifh apmuf7nfjunfawGu cgwdkif;xufydktxGuf

rsm;onf? xdk h_yif tysdKtarS;yg;pkwf_ywfoGm;7rS xGufaomaoG;wdk huvnf;

apmuf7nfjunfrsm;E Si f ha7maE SmoGm;av7m olr>apmufywfxJwGi f

y laEG;aEG;t7nfawG tv#Hy<fud k _zpfaeonf? vD;u apmufacgi f ;xJ

wi f ; juy f p G mx d k ;o G i f ;x m ;on f hw d k i f c È Ju s du s dx d k t7n fw d k hu

vD;wefwav#muf wppfppfESi f hapmufywft_yifbufod k h ØqDvd ktayguf

@ Smum×p dr f hx Gu faeonf? ' gud kvnf ; aumi frav;c Hpm ;o d@ S d7mum

yg;pyfr Sa7@Gwfrdonf?

<ckqdkv#if (10)vufrausmf@Snfaom vD;acsmif;juD;wacsmif;vHk;

oi f ;oi f ; _z L>apmufywfx JtqH k ;0i fum a<muf s m ;E Si f hq D ;py fE S i f h

oi f ;oi f ; _zL>qD ;py fw d k huvnf ; ususeeud kx duy fz dr daejuonf?

a~ G ;t kr sm ;uawmh aum haxmi f juGwufIwif ;uma_ymi faeavaom

oi f ;oi f ; _ z L>zi fom ; _cr f ; ju D ;r s m ;tay: y dy dt dt dx duy faeonf ?

rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fa<mufsm;onf bmvSKyf@Sm;rS Kr#rvkyfao;? aumifrav;>

ud k<fay:wGi fc Gz dum _i dr fIaeonf? tys d Ktar S ;y g ;ud kx d k ;az gufum

116

zdoGif;xm;aomrdrdvD;ESif h tysdK7nfysuf_yD;ump apmufywftEktopfav;

tom;usoGm;atmif rS de f ;Iapmif honf?

aumifrav;>emjuifrS K | zDvifwufrSK | pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;rS Ktrlt7m

awG a7m<SufuGe f h _rL;aeaomrsufE SmtoGi fud k rsufapht7omcHum

tomiH k hjunfhonf? ol>vufrsm;uawmh qGJxkwfaz:vSpfay;xm;aom

rd k hr d k h0ef;0ef;Ed k htH kE d k hom;rsm;ud k @G@Gud ki fy Gwfonf? juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaom

vD;acsmi f ; juD ; juyfody fwp fqd k haeatmi f tyDt_yi fxd k ;o Gi f ;xm;I

zkxpfrd k hazgif;wufaeaomapmufywfud k tomt<mudki fyGwfay;onf?

apmufywftuG Jajumif ; tay:bufy d ki f ;tjum;wGi f vufr

xdk;!Syfum cyfzdzdav;yGwfonf? apmufaphud k ususeexdrdyGwfrdatmif

_yKonf? xdkaemuf apmufywfxJeif haeatmiftqHk;xd k ;oGif;I pdrfay;

xm ;avaomiy Jac s mi f ; ju D ;u d k aum hIaum hIv S Ky fv S K y f ay ;onf ?

wcsufaumhvdkufwdkif; vD;acsmif;juD;onf aighueJvSKyfcgum apmufacgif;

aygufwckvH k ;vnf; odr f hue Jyi fvS Ky fc gonf? aoG;om;A DZuyifv#i f

7rufxe f _yi f ;v #u f umraZmoe fonf hr d e f ;uav; _zp fonf htwd k i f ;

oif;oif;_zLrSm uÈrf;usifxda7mufaom acsmhÕrLES dK;qGrSKrs dK;udk rcHEd lifawmh?

rsufvH k ;rsm;arS;pif;usv#uf yg;pyfr[w[yGif hum ryDro_rnfwrf;oH

av;rsm; wd k ;wd k ;ni f ;ni f ;y g ;py fr Say:xGufonf? wud k<fvH k ;vnf;

117

wDqm;ESi f htwd k hc H7onfhES<f xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfonf?

txl;o_zifh apmufywftuGJjum;vufrxdk;uvdum apmufaphudk

z dy Gwfvd kufonfhtcgrsm;ESi f h apmufcgif;aygufxJtqHk;xd k ;xnfhxm;aom

v D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;u d k aum hIv S Ky f ay ;v d ku fon f htc gr s m ;w Gi fq d kv #i f

aumifrav;wGefhueJ_zpfum aumhIyifwufvmonf? yg;pyfrS Øw[ifh[ifh×

_rnfwrf;oHrsm; rwd k;rus<fay:onf?

apmufywfxJr Svnf; apmuf7nfjunfawGp dr f hIp dr f hIxGuf7m

xdk;ESpfoGif;xm;aomvD;acsmif;juD;ud kxdawGhum aEG;ueJaEG;ueJ_zpfonf?

rjumyg? oif;oif;_zL> tHwif;wif;cJxm;rS Ka_yavsmhonf? emjuifrS K

t7dyfta<mifawG uG<faysmufonf? rsufESmay:wGif 7rufaZmtm@k H

v$r f ;r d k ;r S Komv#if tyDt_yif@ S dvmonf? zifwvSKy fvS Ky f _zpfvmonf?

vufac smi f ;vufz0 g ;w d k hu r su fE S mz H k ; p Gy f a<muf s m ;>vufarmi f ; |

vufzsef | 7ifbwf| ycke f;wd k hud k yGwfoyfud ki f!Spfvmonf?

Þ vkyfav- -[if h- -vkyfygvd k h- -td ktd k- -aqmif hygawmh@Si f

[if h[if h[if h- - ß

aemufqH k ;w Gi f tys d K7nfy suf _y D ;umpaumi frav;>yg ;py fr S

118

z Gi f h[I a_ymc svm7avawm honf? r su fE Smz H k ;p Gy fa<muf sm ;onf

onfvdkta_ymrs d K;apmif hvif hae[efwlonf? oif;oif;_zL7rufaZmxefxef

ESi f ha_ymcsvd kuf_y D;onfESi f h ieJom;u pwifvSKy f@ Sm;onf? t7ifqH k ;

xd k ;oGif;xm;aomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k t7if;bufyd ki f ;wvufr| ESpfvufr

avmufqGJxkwfum tom_yefxd k;oGif;I cyf_znf;_znf;av;vSKyf@Sm;onf?

vD;u 0ifxGufvSKyf@ Sm;@k Hav;om@S daomfvnf; oif;oif;_zLvd k<ckrSpI

a<mufsm;vd k ;wmcHz l ;aomrde f ;ri<fav;tzd k hawmh t7rf;yifxl;uJaom

avmut7om_zpfav7m wtif htif htoHawGxGufaeonf? xd kr#ru

Ø_yD;×vkvkyif _zpfvm7_yefavonf?

Þ aqmif hav- -aqmif hprf;yg- -cyf_yif;_yif;zdaqmif h- - ß

t7omaumif;ud k t_ywfc d kufvmaomoif;oif; _zLu (umr

pyf<Sufr S Kt@S de fuvnf; 7oif hoavmuf7ae_y Dr d k h ) xyfr Havmaqmf

a _ymjum;onf ? <c kr S ap s ;O D ; ay gu ftvd k ;c H7 _ci f ; _zp faom fvnf ;

r de f ;rwefqmapmufywfxJod k h vD;xd k ;oGi f ; _y D ;aemuf aqmif hvd k ;v#i f

t7rf;yift7omawGhpnf;pdr f@ S dajumif;ud kawmh (t_ym0wÔKrsm;zwfxm;rS K

t_yif rde f;rwd k hobm0yifud k<ftod_zif h) aumifrav;aumif;aumif;od

aeonf? zDvift7rf;wufaecs de fr d k h vd k;aeonfhvD;juD; t7rf;juD;aerSK

ud kyif ajumufraeawmh? vD;juD;awmif hoefaerSKu umrzDvifyd kay;

119

Ed li fajumif;vnf; oabmaygufem;vnfae_yD? tvdk;cHaeonfh touf

(15)E Sp ft@G<f i<fi<fE kE k | awmif hawmif ha_zmi f ha_zmi f haumifrav;

ud k<fwd ki fu onfvd ka_ymqd kawmif hwvmawmh wufcGvd k ;aeolieJom;

uvnf; b<faeEd li fE d li fawmhrnfenf;? !Smwmp7mvnf;rvd kawmhonfh

ta_ctaeudka7mufvmonfrd k h rsufESmzH k ;p Gyfa<mufsm;onf oif;oif;_zL

ud k cyfjurf;jurf;| cyf_yif;_yif;aqmif hvd k ;vmavawmhonf?

Þ zGwfzwfzkwfzkwf- -zGwfzGwfzkwfzwf- -tk d; [if h[if h- -

aumif;w<f- -aqmif h- -aqmif h- -bGyf- -td k; tarh- -[if h ß

wcsufcsif; cyf_yif;_yif;aqmif hvd k ;onf? aqmif hvd k ;vd kufwd ki f;

oif;oif; _zLaumhwufum wud k<fvH k ;odr f hodr f hwke fonf? q<fcsuf

tm;_yif;_yif;aqmif hvd k ;c H7_yD;aemuf oif;oif;_zLwudk<fvH k; tajumqGJ

ovdk xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfv#uf wcsD Ø _y D;×onf?

Þ tm;yg;yg; tD;- -xGufukef _y D- -trav;av;- -usr

apmufywfxJut7nfawG t7rf;xGufuke fju_yD- -tm; tm;- -

aumif;vk dufwm- -td ktd k- -b<fvd kvkyfaewmvJ@Sif h tm;yg; tD; ß

oif;oif;_zLØ_yD;×oGm;cs de fwGif xdkolu vD;w0ufcef hud komxdk;oGif;

120

_ye fx kw f cy fo Gu fo Guf _yLwp f _yLwp fv ky fay;um vufwbufu

Edk htH kwvHk;udkudkifqkyfum cyfememcyfwif;wif;!Spfonf? usefvufuawmh

oi f ;oi f ; _zL>zi fom;juD ;w_cr f ;ud kqG Ju d ki fum yi f hIxde f ;xm;onf?

Ed k h!Spfxm;rS Ku tawmfjurf;um| Ed k htH kom;rsm; yef;Eka7mifyifoef;I

juufoD;zkav;awGxvmonf? tawmfemonf?

od k haomf xd kemjuifrS Kuyif oif;oif;_zLØ_yD;×oGm;IcHpm;7aom

t7ompnf;p dr fud ky d kI jurf;jurf;@ S@ S _zp faponf? yd kIpG JrufE Sp fcs d Kuf

oGm;aponf? xdktcg apmuf7nfjunfwdk hyd kxGufonf? apmufywfwckvHk;

t7nfjunfrsm;_ynfhv#Hum wpf_yLwpf_yLvkyfaeaomvD;u csLovdkvnf;

_zpfae7m| juGaumhwufaeavaomzifqH kjuD;>tuGJajumif;wav#muf

atmufbufod k h wpdrf hp dr f h<d kp D;usonf?

zifjuD;tpGr f;uke faumhum juGwufaerS Kajumif h zifom;_crf;

ESp fc kud kvnf; toukefqG J _z Jxm;ovdk_zpf7m ptd kaygufonf [_yJ_yJ

tmwmwm@ S d aeonf ? zi ftuG J jum ;wav#mu f <d k p D ;u svmaom

apmuf7nfjunfcÈ Jus dus daEG;aw;aw;wd k hu xd kptd kaygufay:rS _zwfum

pD;us7m zif0onfvnf; pd kp dp dE Si f h<m;usdus d _zpfvmonf? aumifrav;

Ø_yD;×oGm;cs de fwGif xd kvlu vD;'pfzsm;ay:vkvkqG Jxkwfum zifa_ymifjuD;

wif ;ue Jtdue J _zp foGm;atmi f tm;_yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f hcy f jurf ; jurf ;wcsuf

121

aqmif hxd k ;oGif;onf? xd kod k haqmif hcsvd kufcs de fwGif cyfwif;wif;qG Jud ki f

!Sp fxm;aom Ed k ht H kxuf@ S dE d k ho D ;acgi f ;ud kvnf; cyfjurf;jurf;wcsuf

qG Jqdwfvd kufonf?

Þ bGyf- -bk- -tm; jurf;vScsnfvm; [if h ß

_yif ;xefjurf;wrf;aom aqmif hvd k ;csufajumif h oif;oif; _zL

ud k<fjuD ;yi f a_rmufjuGvkrwwf_zp fonf? apmufacgi f ;wav#muf

ylIqif;onf? aqmif hcsvd kufaomt@S de f _zif h zdvmaomxd kol>qD;pyf

atmufwGif oif;oif;_zL>rd k hazgif;zkxpfavaomapmuftH kjuD; tdueJyif

yd_ym;IoGm;onf? aqmif hcsufjurf;ovdk xdcsufuvnf; 7ufa7monf?

Ø _y D ; ×oGm;c J hr S Kajumif h avsm hyg ;awmhrvd k _zp faom oif;oif; _zL>umr

7rufaZmwd k honfvnf; @kwfcsnf;yif_yefItm;_ynf honf?

122

rsufESmzH k;pGyfa<mufsm;u tm;_yif;_yif;ESif haqmif hoGif;csvdkufaom

v D ; ac s m i f ; ju D ;u d k c su f c s i f ; yi f cy f jur f ; jur f ; _ y e fq G Jx kw fon f ?

vD;juD;onf apmufywfrS _y Gwfqd kuÈwfxGufum waig haig hvSKy fonf?

apmu fyw f[_y J _ y Ju se f c J hum vD ;q G Jx kw fv d ku faomt@ S d e f a jumi f h

apmuf7nfjunftcs d K h t_yi fod k hy GufueJxGufpi fum oif;oif ; _zL>

qD;pyfESif haygif_cHw0d kufpd kukefonf? xdkolu toukefaumhjuGwufatmif

xd k ;yif hwifxm;aom oif;oif;_zL>a_caxmufESp facsmif;ud k a_zv$wf

ay;onf? _yD;awmh olu oif;oif;_zL>7ifbwfay: cGxd ki fv#uf@S datmif

a@S hwd k ;vmonf?

Þ vD;pkyfay;prf;- - ß

cyfwif;wif;a_ymum vD;juD;ud k aumifrav;>yg;pyfem;wGif

awhuyfay;onf? r dr d>apmufywfud k y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;ae7mr S

qG Jx kwfvd ku faomvD;r Sm apmuf7nfjunfawGawmufawmuf<d kus

atmifyi f @ $ J@ $ Jp d kaeav7m| oif ;oif ; _zLr Sm @G Hovd kvd kawmh@ S donf?

od k haomf aumifrav;u r_iif;yg? wHk hqd ki f;ae_cif;yifr_zpf? yg;pyfav;

[I vD;juD;ud ki H k<lvd kufavonf?

pwkwÔyd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

123

Þ tcsp fausmi f ;(4) ß

tcef;(4)

r su fE Smz H k ;p Gy fxm;o l>vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ; oi f ;oi f ; _zLy g ;py fx J

0ifvmonf? vD;wefjuD;wGi f @$r f ;@ $r f ;p d katmifayus Hp d k@ $ JIaeavaom

apmuf7nf junfe H h p l ;@ S@ S! S Dw Dw Du d k oi f ;oi f ; _zL@ S L@ S d Ku fr donf?

oif;oif;_zLonf t_ympmtkyfrsm;zwf@S K7if; zDvifwufum rdrdbmom

tmoma_zxd k;E S d Kufuvdwwfol_zpfay7m| xd kod k huvd7if; Ø_yD;×oGm;aom

tcg apmuf7nfjunfawGxGufonf? umraZmtmom_yif;_yxufoef

rSKajumifh rdrdtzkwfrS t7nfjunftrsm;t_ym;xGufaerSKudk aumif;aumif;

em;vnfaeonf? rdrd>apmuf7nfjunfeH hud kvnf; tweftoif h@ SL@S d Kuf

zl;onf? od k haomf <ckwcgavmufawmh rsm;rsm;pm;pm;| eD;e D;uyfuyf

pl;p l;@ S@ Sr@SL@S d Kufzl;ay?

xdk h_yif <ck@SL7aomapmuf7nfjunfteHhrSm a<mufsm;wa<muf

>vD;te H hE Si f hy g a7m<Sufaeav7m @ SL7wmy d kItm;y g ;w7@ S donf?

yguifzGi f htvd k;c Hxm;7_yD;ump| umrpnf;pdrfz Dvift7omudk vufawGh

7@S dc Hpm;wwfoGm;_yD_zpfonfh oif;oif;_zLtzd k h aumif;_yD;7if;aumif;um

Ø~Gwf@S<f×_zpfIaeavawmhonf? onfawmh 7rufxef_yif;tmomirf;irf;

r de f ;uav;wd k h>xH k ;p Htwd ki f ; yg;pyfxJwd k ;0i fa7mufvmaomvD;acsmi f ;

124

juD;ud k tm;7yg;7yifpky fay;vd kuf7m w_yGwf_yGwftoHrsm;yif pDpDnHnH

ay:xGufonf? vD;tpkyfwGif v#mESif hvD;wefxdawG hr d7m vD;wGifayusH

aeaomapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ud k v#mESif hxd k;7ufovdk_zpfonf? apmuf7nf

junfwd k h> iHysys| cs d Kwd kwd k | at;aw;aw; t7ompl;pl;@S@ Sav;ud kvnf;

aumifrav; b0ifcd kufatmifyift7omawGhonf? xdktcg vD;pkyfyd kjurf;

vmonf? v#mE Si f hvnf; yg;py fxJa7mufvmonf hvD ;ud k tm;7yg;7

xd k ;7ufonf?

ie Jom;uvnf; cg;ud krodromaumhIvSKy fay;onf? xd ktcg

vD;acsmif;juD;u aumifrav;>yg;pyfxJ wdk;0if_yefxGufvSKyf@Sm;aeonf?

aumifrav;> ql_zd K;_zd K;Ed k htH kjuD;awGud k qkyfe<fonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;

rsm;udk qGJqdwfay;onf? cyfememzspf!Spfonf? apmufywfudkwcsufwcsuf

vSrf;um vuf_zif hud ki fy Gwfonf?

oif;oif;_zLwudk<fvH k;onf iSufzsm;wufaomvlwa<mufES<f

wke fwc d ku fc d ku f _zp faeonf? aumi frav; vD;p ky fy d k jur f ;vmonf?

vD;juD;ud k yg;pyfE Si f htm;7yg;7pky fonfomru vD;weft7if;bufyd ki f ;

atmufa_crSwGJvGJusv#uf@S daom a~G;tkjuD;rsm;udkvnf; vufESif hud kifyGwf

ay;onf? c^tjumwGif rsufESmzH k;pGyfxm;olu oif;oif;_zL>yg;pyfxJrS

ol hvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k tomqG Jxkwfonf? vD;p ky f7wmaumif;aeaom

125

oif;oif; _zLu xd kolud krsufv$myif hum armfjunf hr donf? xd kolu

vD;udknmvuf_zif hqkyfudkifum cyfaxmifaxmifvkyfxm;_yD; b<fvuf_zif h

r dr d>a~G;tkrsm;ud k tomudki f _yonf?

Þ a~G;tkawGud k pkyfay;- -7ufay;- - ß

yg ;py fuvnf; cyfwd k ;wd k ;a _ymonf? oif ;oif ; _zLwa<muf

onfvdkapcd ki f;cH7aomtcg juufoD;wcsufzsef;ueJxonf? wrlxl;qef;

aomumr7rufaZmonfvnf; [kef;ueJEd k ;xvmonf? onftvkyfud k

pufqkyfz G<f7mnpfnrf;r S K[k vH k ;0rxifr d? rdr dud k umrzDvifwrs d K ;

ay;rnf h avmut7omcHpm;rS Kenf;vrf;opf[k w@S d Kufrwfrwfem;vnf

vufcHonf? ESpfcga_ymp7myif rvd kyg? yg;pyfav;ud k[v#uf xdkol>

aygifcse fatmufod k h rsufESmxd k ;tyfonf?

a~G;tkrsm;ud k 7ufay;pkyfay;7rSmrd k h olr>rsufESmonf aygifcse f

atmufbuftusqHk;od k h wdk;0ifonf? xdkol>vD;eH hpl;pl;@S@Sud k yd k@SLrdonf?

tvd kufoif h[v#uf@S donf hyg;pyfav;_zif h a~G;tkvH k ;juD;wckud k iH kum

pkyf<lonf? xdkol qwfueJwkefoGm;onf? oif;oif;_zLvnf; 7if'def;ueJ

cke fonf?

126

Þ tm;yg;- -aumif;w<fuGm- -pkyfpkyf- -ig ha~G;tkawGud k

aumif;aumif;pkyfay;- -v#meJ hvnf; 7uftkef;aemf- -[kwf_yD- -

tm;yg;yg; @S D ;- - aumif;w<fuGm? rif;u rqdk;bl;yJ- -td ktd k- - ß

ieJom; xdk;xd k ;xGef hxGef h | aumhaumhvSKyfvSKyf_zpfaeonf?

xd kaemuf- -?

Þ av;bufukef;vd kuf- -aemufuae cGvd k;r<f ß

rsufESmzH k ;p Gyfvlu cyfqwfqwfa_ymonf? a~G;tkpkyfay;7ufay;

aeaomoi f ;oi f ; _zLu d kvnf ; vnf~ kw fr Scy f jur f ; jur f ;u d k i fq G Jum

av;bufaxmufukef;7ufom;_zpfoGm;atmifvkyf<lonf? aumifrav;

vnf; ieJom;qG J<l7maemufod k h tvdkufoif hygvmonf? qwfqwfxd

rcHaom cyfpGmpGmrdef;uav;wa<muf_zpfaomfvnf; <ckvdkcyfjurf;jur;f

qG Jud ki f _yKrlonfud kawmh bmr#_yefra_ymay?

onfvdkrsdK; tydkiftEdlif cyf7ifh7ifhtvkyfcH7onfudkyif ESpfoufum

zDvifwrs d K ;7aeonf? a[m- -? q<fausmfouft@G<faumifrav;

wa<mu f | av;bu faxmu fum u ke f ; 7u fom ; _ zp fo G m ; av_y D ?

127

tvdk;cH7ef toif h@ S daeavawmhonf? rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fieJom;u av;buf

ukef;xm;I um;tpfwpf7pfazG;tkaeavaom zifjuD;aemufwGifuyfum

ae7m<lonf? zifqH k00wpfwpfw_crf;ud k vuf0g;juD;ESif hcyfjurf;jurf;

wcsuf@k dufonf? zif@k dufoH Øzsef;×ueJwcsuf_rnfovdk zif@k dufcHvd kuf

7rSKajumifh 7ifodrf hwkefoGm;7avaomoif;oif;_zL>yg;pyfrSvnf; Øtdk;×ueJ

toHxGufonf? vD;ud k apmufywf0wGi f awhaxmufvd kufonf?

vD;awhvmonfESi f h oif;oif; _zL>wifyg;qH k juD; aemufod k haumhum

zdwGef;onf? zifjuD; ieJom;>aygifcse fxJwd k ;uyfxm;ovdk awhaxmuf

xm;rdavaomvD;acsmif;juD;onfvnf; apmufywfxJod k h pD;yd ki fwif;juyf

pGmwd k;0ifonf? apmufywfwav#muf ylIyifqif;oGm;onf?

Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -0ifvm_yD- -[if h td ktd k tarh- -tm; ß

xdkvD;ESifh tvdk;cHzl;_yD;ump_zpfonfhwdkif vD;juD;u pHcsdefvGefatmif

juD ;rm;vSaomajumi f h apmufywfxJvD ;t0i fwGi f aumi frav;r Sm

atmif hItawmfud kemonf? rsufESmav;@S H K hr J hum pkyfowfnnf;rdonf?

apmufywfxJ qdk heif h _ynf hodyfp Gmwd k ;0ifvmaomvD;> xdawGhy Gwfwd kufrS K

t7om xdrdvGef;_cif;ajumif h aumifrav;wudk<fvH k ; aumhvdefvl;vGef h

oGm;onf?

128

rsufESmzH k ;pGyfvlu oif;oif;_zL>zifjuD;ESpf_crf;ud k vufESpfbuf

_zi f h tm;remwrf;yi f qkyfud ki fzsp f!Sp fum| vD;ud kqG Jxkwf_ye foGi f ; |

raE S ;r _re fv ky f ay ;onf ? a!Smi f hv d k ;onfxufawm h tm;y d konf ?

aqmif honfhtqif havmufrl tm;r_yif;ao;? tvdk;cHaeaomrdef;uav;

wke fwcd kufc d kufE Si f h z DvifawGt_ywf7um Øc d kuf ×oGm;@ k Hvd k ;ay;onf?

oi f ;oi f ; _ z Lr S m w[i f ;[i f ; _ zp fvmonf ? v D ;u d k apmu fyw fx J

qG JxkwfvSKy f@ Sm;ay;7if; tm;7yg;7zspf!Spfud ki fxm;aomzifom;_crf;juD;

E Sp fc kud kvnf; qG JqG J _z Jonf? zifom;rsm;t_z Jc H7r S Kajumif h Ø_y J ×ueJ

Øtm×ueJ_zpfonf? oif;oif;_zLtzdk h vD;xdk;oGif;umvdk;aeaomapmufywfrS

t7omawGhonfhenf;wl _yJ_yJoGm;aomptdkaygufwGifvnf; <m;usdusdESif h

wrs d K ;juD;_zpfIaeavonf?

Þ igvd k;ay;wm cHvd k haumif;w<fr[kwfvm; aumifrav; ß

yH kr Se fvd k ;ay;7if; xd koluar;onf? zifud kawmh yd kIqG J _z Jonf?

ptd k0 _yJum;plwufvmonf?

Þ aumif;w<f@Sif h- -odyfaumif;w<f? aqmif hay;ygvm;@Sif ß

Þ 'Dvd krs d K ;vm;- -bGyfbGyfbkbGyf- - ß

129

Þ tm;tdtd- -[kwfw<f- -aumif ;vd kufwm? tJvd kr s d K ;

aqmif hprf;yg@Si f h- -bGyfbkbkbGyf- -tm;yg;yg; tD; ß

Þ aqmif hvd k ;wm yd kc Hvd k haumif;w<fayg h- - ß

Þ [kwfygw<f@Sif- - ß

Þ aqmif hvd k ;7if b<fvd kaevJ ß

Þ bGyfbkbkbGyf trav;av;- -aumif;wmayg h@ Si f h- -bGyfbGyf

tm; tdtd tm;- - ß

Þ igvd k;csifvd k hac:7if eifvmukef;rvm; ß

Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- - ß

Þ vmukef;rvm;vd k h ar;wm- - ß

Þ [kwfuJ h- -vm ukef;yg hr<f@Si f h- -vd k;csi f7if cs de f ;omcs de f ;

vd kufyg- -bGyfbkbk tm;tm; ß

130

Þ zif_zJay;wmaum judKufvm;- - ß

Þ [m- -rodbl;- - ß

rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fvlu yd kIjurf;jurf;aqmif honf? oif;oif;_zL>

wudk<fvH k ; odrf hodrf hwkefcgaeonf? aqmif hcsufajumif h olr>udk<frSm

a@S hwd k ;aemufiifvSKyfaeonf? zifom;tdtdjuD;rsm;u wodrf hodrf hwkefcg

aejuonf? zifjuD;udk t_ywfudka0h0d kufvSKyf@Sm;ay;onf? aqmifhcsufrsm;

yd kjurf;vmonf? yd ktm;_yif;vmonf? oif;oif;_zLvnf; wcsD Ø _y D;×oGm;

7v#uf aemufwcs D Ø _y D ; ×vkvk _zp fvmonf? wtm;aqmif hvd k ;aeaom

vD;juD;u waighaig hvSKyfvmonf? _yD;awmh okwf7nfrsm;yef;xGufonf?

r su fE S mz H k ; p G y fv lonf o kw f7n fx Gu faomtc g o l hv D ;u d k

aumifrav;apmufywfxJrS qGJxkwfonf? zif0ud k toukef_yJtmvef

vmatmi fqG J _z Jonf? _y D ;awm h qufIye f ;x Gufaomokwf7nfr sm ;

qG J_zJxm;aomptdkaygufay:od k h wnfhwnfhrwfrwfusatmif vD;ud kud ki fI

cs de fonf? ysp fueJysp fueJt@S de f _yi f ; _yi f ; _zi f h qufvufyef ;xGufaom

okwf7nfwd k honf toukefqG J _z Jxm;aomptd kaygufay:od k h wzwfzwf

usa7mufonf? ptdk0onf @S H K hueJ@S H K hueJ_zpfonf? yGus<fyGus<fvSKyf@Sm;

onf? <m;usdus d | acsmawmawm| pd kwd kwd kE Si f h b<fvd k _zpfaerSe f;ud kyif

131

oif;oif;_zL a7a7vnfvnfrodawmh? jurf;@Sxef_yif;aom 7rufaZm

zDvifawG t_ywfwufvmwmudkyJodonf? xdkajumif haumifrav;rSm

qG J _z Jxm;aomzifaygufwnfhwnfhay: ylaEG;yspfcÈ Jaomokwf7nfrsm;yef;cs

cH7cs defwGif acgif;warmharmh| zifw<rf;<rf;ESif hwcsDxyfIØ_yD;×oGm;7onf?

y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;xm;_y D ; vD;qG JxkwfoGm;I [_y J _y Juse f7p faom

apmu fyw fx Jr S apmu f7n f jun fw d k hvn f ; awmu fawmu f< d kum

xGuftHusuke favawmhonf?

rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fvlonf okwf7nftukefyef;xGuf_yD;oGm;onfhwd ki f

q G J _ z Jxm ; aomzi fom ; r s m ;u d k rv $w f ao ; ? qu fq G J _ z Jxm ;um

vD;xdyfzl;ESi f h ptd kaygufud k awhawhzdaxmufonf? vHk;wH k ;wH k ;vD;xdyf

zl;onf okwf7nfrsm;ayusHumpd kaeaomzif0wGif acsmusdus dE Si f hxdyGwf

axmufrdaeonf? zifaygufxJod k h vD;r0ifaomfvnf; ptd k0rSmawmh

vD;_zif hzdaxmufxdk;onfh'^fajumif h wpfqdk hqd k h _zpfonf? vD;ESif hzifayguf

xdawG hr dwfqufay;ovdkvnf; _zpfonf? c^r#zif0ud k vD;xdyf_zif h

awhaxmufzdyGwf_yD;aemuf ieJom;u tomaemufod k hqkwfz<fcGmonf?

oif;oif;_zLvnf; av;bufaxmuf7ufom;av;_zpfum usefaecJ honf?

Þ tckawmh awmfavmuf_yD? aemufvmr<fhpd kufys d K;a7;cs de fus7if

' Dae7mud k vmcJ htkef;? vd k;ju7atmif ß

132

rsufE Smz H k ;p Gy fv lu av;bufuke f ;7ufom; _zp fuse faec J haom

oif;oif; _zL>wifyg;ud k cyfqwfqwftomwcsufy kwf7if ;a_ymonf?

xd ktcgrS oif;oif;_zLvnf; av;bufukef;ae7mrS tom_yefx7yfonf?

Þ b<fvd kvJ- -vmukef;r<fr[kwfvm; ß

ieJom;u aocsmatmifar;onf?

Þ cpfcpfcpf- -vmrSmayg h- -'Dtcs de favmufyJ r[kwfvm; ß

Þ [kwfw<f? ajomf- -q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud kvnf; rif;e J htwl

ac:vmcJ h- - ß

Þ [m- -wDcs<fu vdkufvmyg hrvm; ß

Þ ac:junfhyg- -ol vdkufvmrSmyg? rif;b<fvd krs d K ;t7om

awGhw<fqd kwm a_ym_ycsifa_ym_yvd kufayg h- -uJ aemufpd kufys d K ;a7;

cs de fusrS _yefqH kjuwmayg h- - ß

133

rsufESmzH k;pGyfvlonf oif;oif;_zL>nmbufyg;av;udk tomvdrf

qG Jum xGufoGm;avonf?

oif;oif;_zLonf 7@S dc Hpm;cJ h7aomumrt7omwdk hud k _yefpm;_rH K h

_yefpOf;pm;7if; auseyfyDwd_zpfv#ufusefaecJ honf? xdkaemuf ayusHae

onfrsm;udk aq;ajumoefhpifum t0wftpm;rsm;aoaooyfoyf_zpfatmif

_yefvnf0wfqifI oHk;xyfpmoifaqmifay:rS qif;vmcJ havonf?

yvyfpwdwftcif;ud kr l _yef<lraeawmhyg? tcef;xJwGif onftwdki f;

xm;ypfc J honf?

a<mufsm;wa<mufESif h umrpyf<SufrSKt7omudkawmh oif;oif;

_zLaumif;aumif;juD; ESpfoufoabmuspG Jvef;oGm;cJ honf? _zpfrnfqdkv#if

aemufaehwGifyif onfae7mud kvmItvdk;cHcsifaeonf? od k haomfxd kvlu

vmrnfhpd kufys d K ;a7;tcs de fwGif vmukef;7efcs de f ;qd kxm;onfrd k h pd kufys d K ;a7;

tcs de f@ S donfh7ufod k ha7muf7ef jum;wGif(3)7ufawmh apmif h7ayOD;rnf?

r dr dud kvd k ;oGm;aom rsufE Smz H k ;p Gy fvl | rnfolrnf0g _zp fonfud kawmh

oif;oif ; _zL aoaocsmcsm| wdwdususrodao;yg? (olrpdwfxJr Sm

xifxm;r dolwa<mufawmh @ S daeygonf? ok d haomf r dr dxifxm;ol

134

[kw fr[ kw fuawm h <wd _yw fra _ymE d l i f y g ? ) a _ym7rn fq d kv #i f

oi f ;oi f ; _zLtwGuf xd ko lrnfo lrnf0 g _zp fonfu ta7;rjuD ;y g ?

vD;juD;um umrrSKuÈrf;usifI tDpdrf hr de f ;r l;atmifvd k ;E d li fonfh xd kvl>

tpGrf;tpudk t_ywfyifcd kufIae_yDrd k h xd kolrnfolyJ_zpf_zpf tvdk;c Hz d k h

oif;oif;_zLtoif h@ S daeonf?

onfjum;xJwGif q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud kygac:vmzd k h tyd ki fa_ymqdk

xm;cJ h _yef7m xdkolESif htwl rdrdESif hq7mra':cifarpd k ;wd k h pyf<Sufaysmfyg;

7awmhrnf[k em;vnfod@S daeav7m oif;oif;_zLt7rf;udkwufjuGaeonf?

xd kae ha7mufv#i f q7mra':cifarpd k ;E Si f hr dr d | rde f ;rcsi f ;vnf;yvl;yvJ

vkyfEd li faumif;vkyfE d li fvdrf hrnf[kawG;um oabmusaeonf? q7mr

a':cifarpd k ;ud k t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrsm;ay;zwfxm;onfh tquftoG<f

ywfoufrS K@ S dae7m rdrdESi f htwl vufawGhumrpyf<SufrS K _yKzd k h qG Jaqmif

zdwfac:7eftcuftcJr@S d[k oif;oif;_zLwGufonf? a0hum0d kufumvnf;

a_ymaep7mrvdk? onftwdkif;ay:wifyif yGif hyGif hvif;vif;a_ymcsvdkufrnf[k

p dwful;xm;onf?

135

Þ oif;oif;_zLeJ h q7mra':cifarpd k ;wd k hud k rif;t_ympmtkyfawG

ay;zwfaew<fr[kwfvm; ß

xrif;pm;aomuf_yD;aemuf q7mudkpd k ;armifu olhtem;od k hvm7ef

ac:xm; _y D ;aemuf ar;c svd ku faompum;ajumi f h 0i f ;r d k ;wa<muf |

vef h _zef hIyifoGm;7avonf?

Þ [dk- -[dk- - ß

ajumufvef hr S Kajumif h 0if;rd k ;rsufpdrsufESmysufum wudk<fvH k;

wkef7ifv#uf pum;yif_yefra_ymEd li fawmhatmif_zpfae7@Smonf?

Þ ajumufraeygeJ huG? igu rif;ud kt_ypfrqd kygbl;? rif;twGuf

tusd K;@ S datmif vkyfay;rvd k h? uJ igar;wmom a_zprf;yg- - Þ

Þ [kwf- -[kwf- -uJh- - ß

rajumufeJ h[ka_ymaomfvnf; 0if;rd k ;c_rm ajumufpdwfraysmuf?

id kawmhrvd krsufESmESi f h acgif;ndwfI0efcHvd kuf7avonf?

136

Þ p d kufy s d K ;a7;tcs de fwke f ;u rif ;e J hwe fc si f ; oif ;oi f ; _zLud k

ausmif;opfjuD;ay:ac:oGm;_yD; zd kufjuw<fr[kwfvm; ß

0i f ;r d k ;u q7mud kp d k ;armi fu d k tvef hwjum;junf hr donf?

onfudpPud k b<fvd kodaeoenf;?

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -bmrSajumufraeygeJ hvd k h iga_ymxm;w<f

r[kwfvm;? uJ iga_ymwm[kwfovm;- - ß

Þ [kwf- -[kwf- -[kwf- -yg- -w<f ß

Þ rif;wd k hz d kufwm tqifa_y7J hvm;- - ß

Þ [dk- -[kd 'if;- -tJ- - ß

Þ rif;uvJ @Sufae_yef_yD? rif;aumif;awmif;awmif rzd kuf7ao;

bl;? v7nfawGxGufukefvd k h aumifrav; a'gawGbmawGyGoGm;w<f

r[kwfvm;- - ß

Þ [if- -q7mu 'gawG b<f- -b<fvd k- -od- -odae

137

wmvJ- - ß

q7mudkp d k ;armifu w[m;[m;7<fvd kuf_yD;- -

Þ igu rif;7J hq7myguG? rif;b<fvd ka_cvSrf;awGvSrf;aew<f

qd kwm rody Jaeyg hrvm;? igodr f ;xm;wJ h t_ym0wÔ Kpmtky fawGud k

rif; wdwfwdwf fav;<l_yD; wefcsif;ud kay;zwfwmup_yD; oif;oif;_zLeJ h

q7mra':cifarpd k ;wd k hud kvnf; ay;zwfaewmtxd igodygw<f- - ß

0if;rd k;rSm rsufvHk;av;ayuvyfayuvyfvkyfum q7mudkpd k;armif

ud kjunf haerdonf? ud kp d k ;armifu 0if;r d k ;>acgi f ;ud k tomvuf_zif h

qkyfud ki fy Gwfum qufa_ymonf?

Þ igu tomapmif hjunfhaewm? rif;e J hwefcsif; aumifrav;ud k

ausmif;opfjuD;y: roGm;juawmhvnf; igvdkuf_yD; tuJcwfjunfhaewm?

rif;wdk hESpfa<mufpvHk; 'DudpPawGrSm vufawGhrvkyfzl;juawmh pdwft7rf;

vSKyf@ Sm;_yD; uarmufurawG_zpfukefwmayg h? tJ aumifrav;rSmawmh

rif;wd k he J hrpd k hryd k h _zpfusefaecJ hvd k h igvnf;junfhraeomyJ 0ifzd kufvmcJ h7

w<fuG- - ß

138

Þ [if- -q7meJ hoif;oif;_zL [dk [d k _zpfcJ hjuw<fayg h ß

Þ at;- -'gayr<fh igu usefausmif;yH krsufESmzH k ;p Gy fxm;vd k h

i gr Se f ;awmh olodr Smr[kwfao;bl;? vmr<f hp d kufys d K ;a7;tcs de fus7i f

ausmif;opfjuD;ay:_yefqH kz d k h igol hud kcs de f ;xm;vd kufw<f? q7mra':cif

arpd k ;ud kvnf;ac:vmzd k h a_ymxm;w<f? tJ'DyG Jr Sm rif;a7m ygcsifvm; ß

Þ [m- -q7m7<f? ygcsifwmayg h- - ß

Þ w<fjudufwwfygvm;? wefcsif;vnf; ac:cJ hayg h ß

Þ [kwfuJ h- -'gayr<fh [d k- -oif;oif;_zLu vmyghrvm; ß

Þ tJ'Daumifrav; b<favmuf^Smxefw<fqdkwm rif;vnf;

odrSmyJ? olvmrSmyguG? olu t_ywfukef;csi faewm ß

Þ [dk- -wDcs<fa':cifarpd k ;uaum vkdufvmyg hrvm;- - ß

Þ igwGufxm;wm rvGJbl;qd k7ifawmh tJ'Dq7mrvnf; ygvmrSm

yg? olrvmyJraeEd li fatmif igwd k huvnf; cGifcs<l7rSmayg huG? a7mh- -

139

'Dpmtkyfud k oif;oif;_zLeJ hq7mra':cifarpd k ;junfhzd k hom rif;ay;vd kuf-

- ß

q7mud kp d k ;armifu t@G<fjuD;juD;pmtkyfwtkyfxkwfay;w<f?

t_ym0wÔ Kpmtky ft@ G<ftpm;xuf twefi<fy d k juD ;onf? y d kvnf ;

xlonf? pmtky fz Gi f h junf hvd kaomfvnf; q7mud kp d k ;armif>a@S hwGi fr d k h

0if;rd k ;uqif_cifum pdwfud kxdef;Iae7avonf?

Þ rdef;rawGud kz d kuf7if b<fvd krs d K ;ud ki fwG<f7w<f? b<fvd k

vkyf7w<fqd kwm rif;e J hwefcsif; em;vnftxmaygufaeatmif igoif_y

ay;xm;r<f? wefcsif;ud k oGm;ac:vmcJ h- - ß

Þ [kwfuJ h q7m- - ß

140

onfwcg 0if;rd k ;wd k h<lvmay;onfhpmtkyfu cgwd ki f;vd k t_ym

0wÔKpmtkyfoufoufr[kwf? t_ym"gwfyH krsm;vnf; azgazgoDoDyg@S donf?

trSefawmh Ed li fi H _cm;t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyfwckud k pm@Gufrsm;jum;!Syfum

0wÔKpmtkyfoabm zefwDxm;_cif;_zpfonf? pm@Gufrsm;wGifvufESdyfpuf_zifh

@ k dufum 0wÔKpmom;rsm;ud ka7;xm;onf? xdkpmom;rsm;onf t_ymyH krsm;

ESif h vdkufavsmnDaxG@S donf? t_ym"gwfyH krsm;uvnf; Zmwfvrf;qifum

ae7mcsxm;onfrd k h 0wÔKpmom;ESi f h"gwfyH kwd k hvd kufzufum yd kqG JaqmifrS K

@ S donf? zwfvnf;zwf7| yH kawGvnf;junfh_rif7ESi f h yd kIzDvifvmonf?

t_ym"gwfy H kr sm;wGi fygaom o@ky faqmiftrs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<mufr Smvnf;

~ sye fvm; | xd ki f ;vm; | w@kwfvm;awmhrod? tm@Solr sm; _zp fonf?

o@ k y f aqmi ftr s d K ;om ;uawm h tom ;rn f ; rn f ; | uy `v D ju D ; ?

0wÔKpmtkyfxJwGi fawmh trs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<mufud k rmvmESi f h<k<kapm|

uy`vDjuD;ud k a7mf~sm[ktrnfay;xm;onf?

rmvmqdkaomo@kyfaqmiftrs d K ;orD;u q<fausmfouft@G<f

i<fi<facsmacsmav;? <k<kapmuawmh touf(30)cef h? Zmwfvrf;

uawmh rmvmwa<muf t_ym"gwfy H kpmtky fr sm ; junf haeonfud k

olr>ta': <k<kapmuawGhoGm;um| ta':ESif hwlr pdwfoabmwlr#I

t_ym"gwfy H kpmtky f twlwljunf hjuyH kr Spxm;onf? ta':<k<kapm

tvkyfod k hxGufoGm;_yD; rmvmu t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyfqufjunfhusefae7pf

141

cJ h7mrS zDvifawGwufvmum| rdrdbmom [dkud ki fonfES d Kuftmoma_z

aec d ku f a7m f~ sma7mufvm_y D ; | tvky f _zp fo Gm ;y H kE Si f hqufxm;onf?

rmvmESifha7mf~smwdk h wa<mufvdift~Fgrsm;udk wa<mufu 7ufay;pkyfay;

aey H kr sm ; | rmvmud k taetxm;oH k ;av;rs d K ;avmufE Si f h a7m f~ smu

vd k ;y H kr sm ;ud k "gwfy H k junfjunfvifvi fr sm ;E Si f h@ k du fxm;ovd k xdr d

oGufvufaompmom;rsm;ESi f h a7;zG J hxm;onf?

xdkodk hvd k;7mwGif apmufywfomru| zifaygufxJodk hvD;xdk;oGif;um

zifaqmfy H koH k ;y H kvnf;yg@ S donf? oifoif ; _zLr Sm t_ym0wÔKrsm;xJwGi f

zi fvd k ;ce f ;r sm;zwf@ S Kz l ;aom fvnf; uGufuGufuGi f ;uGi f ;zi fvd k ; _yonf h

" gw fy H k aw Gu d kawm h <c kr S r su f0 g ;xi fxi fawG h _ri f7 _ci f ; _zp fonf?

xd kaemufa7mf~smu <k<kapmud kygvd k ;csi fonf[k rmvmud ka_ymqd k7m

rmvmuvnf; ta':_zpfolud k qG Jaqmifodrf;oGif;_yD;aemuf a7mf~sm|

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aysm fyg;juyH krsm;ud k awG h _ri fzwf@ S K7avonf? a7mf~smu rmvmESi f h

<k<kapmwdk hudk zifvnf;aqmf_yonf? <k<kapmESif hrmvmwdk h wa<mufudk

wa<muf 7ufay;ud ki fay;| yvl;yvJvkyfjuyH krsm;ud kvnf; awGh_rif7

avonf?

txl;o_zif h rmvmu|<k<kapmud k a7mf~smESif hpyf<Sufaysmfyg;

142

_zpfatmif odrf;oGif;a_ymqd kyH krsm;u q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud k rsufESmzH k ;p Gy f

vlE Si f hc s de f ;qd kxm;7mod k hvm7ef odr f ;oGi f ;ac:<lz d k h@ S daeaomoif;oif; _zL

twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftul7@S dayonf? xdk h _yift_ymyH krsm;ud kjunfhum

Tt_ymZmwfvrf;zwf@SK7_cif;_zif h oif;oif;_zLtzdk hvnf; csdef;qdkxm;onfh

7ufwGifoGm;a7kmuftvdk;c Hv#if onfvd krs d K ;yif @S dvdrf hrnf? 'grs d K ;awG

vkyf7rnf[kjudKwifc Hpm;pdwfvSKy f@ Sm;apayonf?

oif;oif; _zLonf xd kt_ym0wÔKpmtky fud k tm;7atmifzwf@ S K

junfh@S K _y D;aemuf q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud k vufqif hurf;vd kufavonf?

xd kaemuf q7mra':ci farp d k ;wa<mufwnf ; vGwfvGwfvy fvy f |

at;at;aq;aq;@S donf htcs de fud k apmif h junf ha@ G ;cs<fum| tem;od k h

oGm;a7mufavonf? xdktcs de fwGif q7mra':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf; oif;oif

_ z Lay ;xm ;aom t_ym" gw fy H k r s m ;a7maeonf ht _ym0w Ô Kpmt ky fu d k

(5)judrfa_rmufzwf@SK_yD;ump_zpfonf? ezl;wGif acÈ;oD;av;rsm;yifoD;um

r sufE Smrodrome D _re f ;aeonf? zwf7i f ; junf h7i f ; z Dvi fwufum

apmufywfES d Kuf| Ed k hqG J | ud k<f hzmomudk<fvkyfaecJ hr S Kajumif h t0wftpm;

rsm;yif rodromz@k dz7Jav;_zpfaeonf?

Þ atmf- -orD;? vmav- - ß

143

q7mra':cifarpd k ;u @Sufa<mifa<mifav;_yH K;um a_ymonf?

rdrd>t0wftpm;rsm;ud kvnf; [dkqG Jonfzdvkyfonf?

Þ ' Dwc g or D ;ay ;c J hw J h pmt ky fu y d k r d ku fw<fr[kw fvm;

wDcs<f- - ß

Þ at;- -[kwfw<f? t7rf;aumif;wmyJ? ß

Þ " gw fy H k aw Gy gy gawm h zwf7wmaum| junf h7wmaum

t7rf;@Si f;_y D; uGufuGufuGif;uGif;@ S dwmyJaemf ß

Þ [kwfw<fuG- - ß

Þ zifxJxnfh_yxm;wJ hy H kawGrsm;qd k7if orD;_zif hjunfh7ifawmif

tonf;<m;vmw<f? wDcs<faum <m;rvmbl;vm; ß

a' :ci f arp d k ; r su fE S m7 Jue J _ zp fon f ? pt d k ay gu fuvnf ;

<m;ovdkvd kbmvd kvd k _zpfvmonf?

Þ rif;uvJuGm a_yma7mhr<f cpfcpfcpf- - ß

144

q7mra':cifarpd k ;u 7<fusJus Jav;_yKum _yefa_ymonf?

Þ wDcs<f hud k orD;a_ymrvd k h a_ymrvd k he J h? a<mufsm;wa<mufeJ h

wu<fvkyfcHjunfh7wmu odyfaumif;wm? od7J hvm;- - ß

Þ a[- -ri f ;u i<fi<f@ G< f@ G< fav;e J h ' gr s d K ; awmi f

vkyfzl;_yDvm;- - ß

Þ [D[d- -orD;ri<fawmhygbl;wDcs<f7J h? tvkyfcHvd k h 7yg_yD?

tJ' Dvd ktvkyfc H7wm odyfaumif;wmyJ odvm;? wDcs<fud k a_ym_y

7tkef;r<f- - ß

oif;oif;_zLu rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fxm;olESi f h rdrdvd k ;juaqmfjuyH krsm;

tajumif;ud k tm;7yg;7yifa_ym_yonf? yg;pyfua_ym7if; vufuvnf;

ygvmonf? rdr dud kay G hzufp ky fer f ;y H kud ka_ym7if; | q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud k

Z d k ;ueJZwfueJod ki f;zufum yg;pyfcsif;z duyfpkyferf;onf? q7mra':cif

arp d k ; r S m @ kw fw7ufve f ho G m ;v #u f z<fw Ge f ;@ k e f ; z< fx Gu fonf ?

od k haomfoif;oif; _zLu wif;juyfp Gmzufxm;onf ht_yif pky fer f ;c H7rS K

uvnf; (rdef;rcsif;_zpfapumrl) 7rufaZmjuGzG<f7mzefwD;xm;aomajumifh

wc^csi f ;r Smyi f t_ym"gwfy H k0wÔ Kpmtky fzwfxm;I 7rufxef_yi f ;r S K

145

tcHuvnf;@S daeaomajumif h q7mra':cifarpd k ;wa<muf aysmhusoGm;

onf? r@kef;awmh? oif;oif;_zLayG hzufpkyferf;rSKudk rsufvHk;av;arS;pif;um

_i dr fc Haeonf? oif ;oi f ; _zLu a':ci farp d k ;ud kp ky fer f ;vd kuf | r dr d>

Zmwfvrf;ud kqufa_ymvd kuf| zifyGwf| Ed k hqG Jqufvkyfonf? aemufyd ki f ;

apmufywfudk tyDudkifES d KufyGwfonf? trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufvHk; 7rufawG

xefum ØuJ×vmjuonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;uvnf; oif;oif;_zLud k

_yefI ayG hvm;zufvm;| erf;vm;pkyfvm;_yKonf? udki fvm;ES d Kufvm;vnf;

vSKy f@ Sm;vmonf?

Þ olu vmr<fhpd kufys d K ;a7;cs de fus7if xyfawGhz d k hcs de f ;xm;w<f

wDcs<f7J h? wDcs<fvnf; vkyfcHjunfh7atmif orD;eJ hvd kufcJ hygvm;- -ß

q7mra':cifarpd k ; | zDviftwufqH k; | ^Smtwif;qH k;tcs de fod k h

ta7mufwGif oif;oif;_zLu tydkifa_ymonf? trsdK;orD;juD; b<frSmv#if

_ii f ;E d li fy grnfenf ; ? oif ;oi f ; _zLE Si f htwlvd ku fy g7e f rqd ki f ;rwGyi f

oabmwlvd kufjuavawmhonf?

146

pd kufys d K ;a7;tcs de fod k h a7mufvm_yef_yD?

oif;oif;_zLESif hq7mra':cifarpd k ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf| oH k;xyfausmif;

aqmifopfjuD;@S d7mod k h ra<mifrvnfESif hvmcJ hjuonf? oif;oif;_zLu

0if;rd k;ESif hwefcsif;wdk h rdrdudkvdkufuyfaernfvm;[k tpuawG;ylcJ hao;onf?

od k haomf pd kufys d K ;a7;cs de fod k ha7mufaomtcg onfaumifav;ESpfa<muf

oi f ;oi f ; _zLtem;od k hrvm? cy fa0;a0;wGi faeum [d kv ky fonfvky f

vky faejuonf? onfaumifav;ESp fa<muf onfaehxl; _cm;ovd kvd k

@ S donf[ kxi fr daom fvnf ; c s d e f ;q d kxm;7mwGi faw G h ju H K7rnf hw d k hu d k

pO f ; pm ;aw G ; awmum p dw fv S K y f @ S m ;7i f z d k a eaomoi f ;oi f ; _ z Lon f

0if;rd k ;wk d hud k taxGtxl;tuJcwfpOf;pm;raeawmhyg?

0i f ;r d k ;E Si f hwefcsi f ;wd k huvnf; olwd k hc Gi f hE Si f holwd k h@ S daejuonf?

onf7ufay;av;twGi f ; q7mud kp d k ; armi fu olwd k h E Sp fa<mufud k

rdef;uav;rsm;eSifhpyf<Sufaomtcg b<fvdkb<fyHkvkyf7rnf| pdwft7rf;juD;

rvSKyf@ Sm;7atmif b<fvd kxdef;odrf;7rnfponfwd k hud k a_ymqd koifjum;

ay;cJ honf? umrqufqHrS KteD;uyf7ufwd koifwef; aumif;aumif;ay;

cJ honf? oif;oif;_zLESif hq7mra':cifarpd k;wd k hud k b<fvdkb<fyH kvkyf7rnf|

b<fvdk0if7rnfponfwdk hud kvnf; judKwifZmwfwdkufpDpOfay;xm;cJ honf?

' gajumi f h aumi fav;E Sp fa<mufonf oi f ;oi f ; _zL>tem;o d k h yi f

147

odyfruyfawmhyJ cyfcGmcGmvkyfaejuavonf? oif;oif;_zLESi f hq7mr

a':cifarpd k ;wd k h oH k ;xyfausmif;aqmifopfbufod k hxGufoGm;_yD; wrdepf

tjumrSyif aumifav;ESpfa<mufvnf; ra<mifrvnfESi f h xd kae7mod k h

vd kufoGm;juavonf?

q7mra':cifarpd k;ESif h oif;oif;_zLwdk hE Spfa<muf oHk;xyfausmif;

aqmifay:od k hwufvmcJ h juonf? xd kausmi f ;aqmifopftay:xyfwGi f

rdr dwd k hud k vdrf haeatmifvd k ;ay;rnfha<mufsm;juD;wa<muf toif h@ S dae

rnfud k trs d K;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k;odaejuonf? xdkvD;juD;ESi f h vufawGh

vdk;wmcHzl;_yD;aomoif;oif;_zLrSm apmufywfrd k hazgif;| t7nf@$rf;@$rf;pd katmif

yif 7rufaZmxjuGaeonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf; oif;oif;_zL

_yefvnfazgufonfcsa_ym_yxm;I vD;juD;rnfr#@ Snfvsm;wkwfc d ki fum|

b<fvdktvdk;oef|tm;_yif;xdrdajumif;udk od@S daeav7m| oif;oif;_zLxuf

re dr f h aom umr7rufE d k ; ju G _ci f ;r s d K ; _ zi f h p dw fv S Ky f @ S m ;Iaeonf ?

q7mrESifhwynfhrav;wdkhrSm wa<mufudkwa<mufyif pum;ra_ymEdlifju?

7ifwzd kzd k | apmufywfwGif apmuf7nfjunfrsm;wpd kpd kE Si f h | oH k;xyfausmif;

aqmifay:od k h avSum;xpfrsm;eif;um wufvSrf;vmcJ hjuavonf?

148

xd ko d k hwu fvm7i f ; wa<mufE S i f hwa<mufw d k ;uy fonf ?

wa<mufvufudk wa<mufudkifonf? tay:qHk;xyfod k ha7mufaomtcg

wGi fr l wa<mufcg;wa<mufzufaejuonftxd _zpfoGm;avonf?

oif;oif ; _zLu olrtvd k ;c H7e fc s de f ;qd kxm;onf htcef ;@ S d7mod k h q7mr

a':cifarpd k;ud k cg;zufIac:vmonf? a':cifarpd k;uvnf; oif;oif;_zL>

cg;av;udkod ki f;zufum ac:7maemufod k hvd kufonf? rdrdwd k honf tvdk;cHzd k h

oGm;aeonf[k trsd K;orD;ESpfa<mufvHk;odaejuonf? wa<muftvdk;cH

wmudk wa<mufuab;rSjunfh@S Kae7rnfh ta_ctaers d K ;uvnf;@S dae

_yef7m t_ym"gwfyH krsm;junfh7onfxuf yd kIpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;um 7ruf

xef7rSmud kvnf; taotcsmjuD;ud kem;vnfxm;onf? <ck_rif7awGh7

awmhr Smu t_ym@ ky f@ Si f | t_ymA D' D<d kum;awGxufyi f omonf[k

qd kE d li favonfh vltaumifvd kufvd k ;wmaqmfwmud k rsuf0g;xifxif

@ S K _ri f7ayOD;rnf? xd k h _yi f rdr dtvd k ;c Hwmud kvnf; usefwa<mufu

junfhayOD;rnf? td k- -awG;junfh@ k HE Si f hyif tonf;at;7ifwkef_zpfae

juavonf?

aqmufvufptcef;xJodk h trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufa7mufoGm;juonf?

rdrdwd k hud kvd k ;rnf ha<mufsm;u onftcef;xJwGifvD;juD;tawmifom;ESi f h

toif hapmif haevdrf hrnf[k a':cifarpd k ;E Si f hoif;oif;_zLwd k hu xifxm;cJ h

juonf? od k haomfolwd k hxifxm;ovdk vd k;rnf hvlu toif hapmif hraeyg?

149

tcef;xJwGif rnfonfha<mufsm;r#r@S d?

od k haomf umrpyf<Suf7eftwGuf toif h _yifqifcif;usif;xm;rS K

tenf;i<fuawmh a7mufvmoltrs d K ;orD ;E Sp fa<mufud k qD;jud KI

aeonf? aqmufvufptcef;jurf;_yifud k oef hpifpGmvSnf;usif;xm;onf?

oif; _zL;zsmacsmwcsyf cif;xm;onf? av;ayomomcef ht@Snf@ S daom

xdki fc ke fwef;vsm;av;wckvnf;@S d7m xdkxd ki fc ke fwef;av;ay:wGif rS d K hoGyf

ul@Si fav;wckud kvnf; tHustoih fcif;xm;onf? puULywfa_z_yD;aom

taumi f ;pm ;wp f@ S L ;ayy gv dy f ju D ;wc kvnf ; z smab;wGi f@ S d aeonf?

oGm;wd kufaq;bl;vd kvd k tawmif hav;wckESif h teufa7mifbd ki fba7wm

tjuD;pm;wckud kvnf; awGh7onf?

t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyfxJwGif onfvdkbd kifba7wmrsd K;toHk;csonfudk

raehwaehurS junfh@SK7ifzd kcJ h7avaom oif;oif;_zLESif hq7mra':cifarpd k;

wd k hr Sm rdrdwd k htvd k;c H7rnf hae7mwGif wu<fhtppfjuD;ud kawG h7aomtcg

yckef;av;awGyifwGef hv#uf wa<mufud kwa<mufjunfhvd kufrdjuonf?

'gjuD;ESi f hr dr dwd k h>taygufrsm;xJ xdk;oGif;uvdcH7avrnfvm;[kawG;um

juufoD;av;rsm;xonf? odk haomf bd ki fba7wmem;wGif pmtkyfwtkyf

@S daeonfud k awGh7_yefonf? vuf_refaomoif;oif;_zLu pmtkyfud k

aumuf<lzGi f h junf honf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;vnf; twljunfhonf?

150

olwd k hE Sp fa<muf avmavmvwfvwfzwf@S K _yD;I 0if;rd k ;wd k htm;_yefay;

vd kufonfh t_ym"gwfyH kprsm;tjum;Y pmom;rsm;!Syfxm;onfhpmtkyf

_ z p f a eon f ? r d r dw d k hu d kv d k ; rn f h a<mu f s m ; b< fo lq d kw mu d k

trsdK;orD;ESpfa<muf 7dyfrdovdkvdk_zpfvmonf? xdktajumif; wa<mufudk

wa<mufa_ymjuawmhrnf hqJqJwGif- -?

Þ t[rf;- - ß

acsmif;[ef hoHwckay:vmonf? q7mrESi f hwynf hrav;wd k honf

toHay:vm7mqDodk h _ydKifwlyifvSrf;junfhonf? a<musfm;juD;wa<muf

u d k v D ;tawmi fom ;E S i f h xi f ;xi f ; ju D ; _ ri fv d ku f ju7avonf ?

xd kolonf use fausmi f ;y H kr sufE Smz H k ;p Gy fxm;onf? ud k<fay:wGi fawmh

bmt0wftpm;rSr@S d? Avmusif;v#uf? aygifcGjum;rS vD;wefjuD;uawmh

rwfawmifum tm;rmeft_ynfhE Si f h? (10)vufrausmf@ Snfaom vD;wef

wkwfwkwfxGm ;xGm ; juD ;onf trs d K ;or D ;E Sp fa<muf>7ruftm@ k Hu d k

v$rf;_c H KE S d K ;qGonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;a7m| oif;oif;_zLyg vD;juD;rS

rsufvH k ;awGrcGmEd li f? pl;pl;7J7JjuD;yif junfhaejuonf? 'DvD;juD;ESi f h

vd k ;wmcHz d k ha7mufvmjuonfrd k h @Suf@G H haemufwGef hr S Krsm;vnf; r@S dju?

rdrdwd k hud kvd k ;rnf hvD;juD;tm; wyfrufoabmuspGm tm;7yg;7junfhae

juonf?

151

Þ uJ- -wa<mufvm- -vD;pkyfay;- - ß

usefausmif;rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fxm;aom q7mud kp d k ;armifua_ymum

cif;xm;aomoif; _zL;zsmay:wGi f tomyufvufvJavsmif ;tdy fcsvd kuf

onf? rwfawmifaeaom vD;acsmi f ;wkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD;uawmh

xd k ;xd k ;axmifaxmifE Si f h ?

trsd K;orD;ESpfa<mufwGif q7mra':cifarpd k;rSm toufyd kjuD;um

<cif umrpyf<SufrS KtawGhtjuHK@S dc J hz l ;aomfvnf; <ckawmh onfvd k

trSKudpPrsm;ESi f huif;a0;wmjumv#uf odyfr7Jwif;yJ wGef hqkwfwGef hqkwf

@S daeonf? tvdk;cHcsifpdwfawG Edk;juGxef_yif;um ̂ Smt_ywfxefaeonfrd k h

o dy fr7 Jao;? _y D ;awm h a':ci farp d k ;onf vD;wcgr #rp ky fz l ;ao;yg?

t_ym0wÔ Kr s m ;w Gi f v D ;p ky fonf htajumi f ;a7 ;om;xm;onfr sm ;u d k

zwf@ S Kz l ;um| vD;p ky f7v#ifb<fvd kaernfvJ[k awG;awmpdwful;<Of

junfhr S Krsm;| vD;ud k (tprf;oabmyJ_zpf_zpf) pkyfjunfhvd kaomqENav;

uawmh @S daeonf? oif;oif;_zLrSmrl touf(15)ESp ft@G<fav;om

_zpfaomfvnf; rlvyifud k<fuyif 7Jwif;oGufvufum| raehwaehurS

vd k ;xm;z lonf htawG htjuH Kuvnf; @ S dae7m ody f@ Sufajumufrae?

xd k h _yif vD;ud kvnf;pkyfay;cJ hz l ;um| vD;pkyfonfht7omudkvnf; od@S d

E Sp fcs d Kufaeonfrd k h a':cifarpd k ;vd k wGef hqkwfwGef hqkwf_zpfrae? q7mr

152

udkomwcsufjunf hv#uf q7mrrvSKy fr<Suf_zpfaeonfud kawG h7aom

tcg oif;oif;_zLuyifzsmay:wufI ud kp d k ;armif>nmbufcg;em;wGi f

' l;wkwfum xdki fcsonf? nmvufud kqef hwef;um rwfawmifaeaom

vD;acsmif;juD;>t7if;yd ki f;ud k qkyfud ki fonf? yl kaEG;rmawmifaeavaom

vD;wefvH k;ywfay: El;nH hoG<faysmif;aomvufacsmif;rsm; xdawGhqkyfud ki f

r daomtcg vD;juD;onf aihgueJwcsufvSKyfonf?

Þ a[m- - ß

r dr dvufxJqky fu d ki fr daomvD ; ju D ; vS Ky fc go Gm ;aomajumi f h

oif;oif;_zL>yg;pyfrS _rnfwrf;oHv$wfueJxGufonf?

Þ [kwf_yD- -'pfaz:vd kuftkef;- - ß

q7mudkp d k ;armifu cd ki f ;onf? oif;oif;_zLvnf; csufcsif;yif

c d ki f ;wmud k vky fonf? vD;xdy fy d ki f ;ud k z H k ;tky fxm;aomta7_ym;ud k

t_refyifatmufod k hqG Jcsonf? ta7_ym;vdyfusum eD7J _y Jvefaeaom

'pfjuD;t_yL;om;ay:xGufonf?

Þ td k- - ß

153

'p f _y JtmvefjuD;ay:vmwmud k _ri f7aomq7mra':ci farp d k ; |

yg;pyfav;ta[mif;om;_zpfv#uf a<mifItoH_yKrdonf? oif;oif;_zL

uawmh acgif;ud katmufpd kufcsum 'pfjuD;ud k eD7JpGwfpd kaomv#mav;_zif h

tomxd k ;uvd7ufonf?

Þ tm;yg;- -aumif;w<fuGm- -pkyfvnf;pkyftkef;av- - ß

ud kp d k ;armifutHjudwfum a7@Gwfa_ymqd konf? oif;oif;_zL>

ESKwfcrf;zl;z l;av;rsm; 'pfud ki H kum[yf<lonf? _yD;awmh cyfjurf;jurf;

pkyfonf? oif;oif;_zLvD;pkyfay;wmudkjunfh7if; a':cifarpd k ; 7ifwkef

ye f ;wke f _zp fonf? rwfwyf7uf7ufjuD; _zp fae7mrS zsmab;em;wGi f

xd ki fcsrdonf? vD;pkyfay;aerSKud k aoaocsmcsmjunfhonf?

Þ olhtay:tuFs Dud k vmcÈwfay;yg q7mr- - ß

ud kp d k ;armifu a':cifarpd k ;ud k vSrf;a_ymonf? a':cifarpd k ;u

udkp d k ;armifud k qwfueJvSrf;junfhonf?

Þ vkyfyg- -q7mr7J h? 'Daumifrav;7J htuFs Dud k cÈwfvd kuf

prf;yg- - ß

154

q7mudkp d k ;armifu xyfa_ymonf? a':cifarpd k ;vnf; oif;oif;

_zLtem;od k h tomwd k ;uyfonf? vD;uke f ;p ky faeaom oif;oif; _zL>

tay:tuFs Dus<foD;rsm;ud k ud ki f _zKwfonf? us<foD;rsm;_zKwf_yD;aemuf

tuFs Dud k tomqGJcÈwf<lonf? oif;oif;_zLuvnf; ulnDum qGJul

_zKwfay;onf? twGif;cHabmfvDav;onf rdk h0ef;aom7iftpHkudk yDbdzH k;;um

xm;onf? ZmabmfvD7i fbH kE Sp fc ktjum;wGi fawmh E d k ht H kom;E Sp fc k>

t!Smae7mav; r_yLhw_yL_zpfIaeonf?

Þ abmfvDrcÈwfeJ htkef;- -xrDud ky J cÈwfay;vd kufyg ß

q7mra':cifarpd k;u oif;oif;_zL>ZmabmfvDaemufausmcsdwfudk

vSrf;t_zKwfwGif q7mudkp d k ;armifu a_ymonf? xdkajumif h q7mr

a':ci farp d k ;onf rdr dwynf hav;>ZmabmfvDaemufausmcs dwfav;ud k

qufr_zKwfawmhyJ cg;wGif!Syfxm;aomxrDtxufqifud kom qGJ_zKwf

onf? oif;oif;_zL0wfxm;onfrSm omrefxrDr[kwfyJ cg;pnfjudK;ESi f h

ywfum0wf7onf hxrD _zp fav7m| @k d ;@ k d k ;0wfxm;aomtxufqifpud k

qG J _z Kwf7ovd kawmh rvG<f? cg;pnf;jud K ;7p fywfcs dy fwG<fxm;onf h

ae7mud k @Sm7onf? rdef;uav;wa<muf>t0wftpm;rsm;ud k cÈwfcGm

ay;7rSKonf a':cifarpd k ;ud k wrs d K ;wenf;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;7ifcke faeaponf?

155

wkef7ifaeaponf?

cg;pnf;judK;cs dwfonfhae7mudk tvG<fwul@Smr7? oif;oif;_zLu

vuf_zi f haxmufum _yay;onf? onfawmhr S cg;pnf;jud K ;cs dwfud k

_zKwfEd li fum xrDud kqG JcÈwf<lonf? aumifrav;rSm twGif;c HyifwD

yef;Eka7mifav;om usefaev#uf| aygifvH k ;juD;rsm;tazG;om;| wifom;

juD;awGwpf7pfv#uf 7rufaZmjuGp7m ta_ctae_zpfIaeav_yD?

Þ abmfvDeJ hyifwDud kawmh vdk;cge D;usrSyJ rif;ud k<fwd ki fcÈwfay;

[kwfvm;- -? uJ- -vD;ud k tyDpky fay;uGm? a~G;tkawGud kvnf;

csefrxm;eJ htkef;aemf- - ß

ud kp d k ;armi fu oif ;oi f ; _zLud ka _ymonf? aumi frav;y d kI

7ifz d kp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;oGm;atmif a_ym_cif ; _zp fonf? oif;oif; _zLomru

a':cifarpd k ;vnf; tonf;wat;at;_zpf7onf?

oif;oif; _zL vD;p ky fy d k jurf;vmonf? vD;juD;wacsmif ;vH k ;ud k

y g ;py fxJtuke f0i fatmi fyi f jud K ;pm;um uke f ;uke f ;p ky fonf? vD;p ky f

odyfruÈrf;ao;onfrd k h tmacgifud kausmfum vnfacsmif;xJvD;acsmif;juD;

wd k ;0i fa7muf@ S dvmaomtcg aumifrav;wtpftpfwtdtd _zp fonf?

156

udkpd k ;armifu vD;pkyf |a~G;tkyfpkyfay;wmudk tomrS de f ;c H7if; oif;oif;_zL

>wi fq H k ju D ;u d kv Sr f ;u d k i fv d ku f | ay gi f7i f ;aw Gu d k qky fy Gw fv d ku f |

Ed k htH krsm;ud kqkyfe<fvd kufvkyfonf? a':cifarpd k ; _zKwfxm;I ZmabmfvD

aemufausmcs dwfwck_yKwfae7m abmfvDonf csyfcsyf7yf7yf_zpfraeawmh?

rodrom avsmh7Jaeonf? abmfvD7ifbH katmufu vufxd k;ES d Kuf7wm

vG<fonf? Ed k htH kom;rsm;ud k xdrdrdr dud ki fprf;Ed li fonf?

a':cifarpd k ;onf oif;oif;_zL>ab;wGifxd ki fum oif;oif;_zL>

vD;p ky f | a~ G ;tkp ky faer S Kud k junf hum 7ifawGu t_ywfc ke faeonf?

oif;oif;_zLEd k hud ki f | zifyGwfcHae7yH krsm;ud k _rif7awmh ab;rS rcsif hr7JjuD;

_zpfvm7onf? t_ym0wÔKrsm;zwf7if; rdrdud k<frdr d ud ki fwG<fyGwfoyf

uvdcJ honfh tawGhtjuHKtxmuvnf; cd ki fc d ki frmrm@S dae7m pdwfawG

vSKyf@ Sm;um r@k d ;r@G_zpfvmrSKESi f htwl udk<f hE d k hud k<f_yefqkyfud ki fr donf?

ud k<f haygifcGjum;ud k<f_yefES d Kufrdonf? tpwkef;uawmh rodromav;yg?

aemufydkif;wGifawmh 7ruftxjurf;onfESif htr# tudkiftESdKufrsm;uvnf;

yd k7 Jwif;vmonf? tuFs D7ifbwfus<foD;rsm;ud kyif_zKwfum atmufcH

0wfxm;aomabmfvD7ifbH katmuf vufxd k;ES d Kuf_yD; Ed k hoD;rsm;ud kud ki f!Spf

onftxd vkyfvmonf?

Þ vD;pkyfwm awmf_yD- -vm yufvuftdyfvd kuf- - ß

157

q7mudkpd k;armifu a_yma_ymqdkqdk| vJavsmif;ae7mrSxxdkifonf?

oif;oif;_zLud kawmh oif_zL;zsmay:wGif yufvufuav;_zpfoGm;atmif

cyfjurf;jurf;yif qGJvS Jcsonf?

Þ abmfvDeJ hatmufcHabmif;bD cÈwfay;7awmhrvm; [if ß

yufvufvefusoGm;aomoif;oif;_zLu ar;onf?

Þ vdk;awmhr<fhtcgusrS cÈwf7rSmav- - ß

Þ tc k yu fvu ft dy f c d k i f ;wm wufc s awm h rv d k h r[ kw f

bl;vm;- - ß

oif;oif;_zLu 7J7Jwif;wif;yifa_ymqdkaeav7m ab;rSjum;ae

7olq7mra':cifarpd k ;r Smom rsufESmylylxlxl_zpfae7avonf?

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -rif;ud k wufrvd k;ao;ygbl;uG ß

Þ rvdk;ao;7if bmvkyfrvd k hvJ[if- - ß

158

Þ apmufywf7ufrvd k h- - ß

Þ [m- -7yg hrvm;- - ß

Þ bmvdk hr7wmvJ- - ß

Þ [dk- -atmufcHabmif;bDjuD;0wfv#ufeJ h tJ'Dvd krs d K ;vkyfvd k h

b<f7rSmvJ- - ß

Þ 7ygw<fuG- -uJ- -aygi fjuD;awGud kom cyfum;um;

vkyfxm;- - ß

Þ 'Dvd krs d K ;vm;- - ß

oif;oif;_zLu yufvuftdyfae7mrS'l;axmifum aygifwefjuD;

ESpfckud k _zJum;ay;onf? twGif;cHabmif;bD@S daeqJrd k h apmufywfuawmh

t_yL;om;ay:raeyg? od k haom f twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dc G jum;ae7mwGi f

z kxp fr d k h az gi f ; ju Gwufaeaom apmufywfjuD ;>taetxm;uawmh

tonf ;<m;p7mju D ;y g ? q7mra':ci farp d k ;vnf ; oi f ;oi f ; _zL>

aygi fc G jum;ud kvSr f ;junf hr d7m tonf;wke f7i fwke f _zp foGm;7avonf?

159

q7mud k p d k ; armi fu um;xm;aomoi f ;oi f ; _z L>ay gi f jum ;x Jw Gi f

0r f ;vsm;0i far Smufonf? apmufywfud k twGi f ;c Habmif ;bDay:uyif

uke f ;I7ufay;vd kufonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -td- -tdktd k ß

atmufc Habmi f ;bDtumtuG<f@ S daeonf hwd ki f aumi frav;

aumhjuGwufonf? ab;rS_rifjum;ae7aomq7mra':cifarpd k ;r Smawmh

ud k<f haygifc Gjum;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;yifES d Kufuvdrdaeonf? @Sufajumuf

raeEd li fawmhyg?

q7mudkpd k;armifu wynfhrav;>twGif;cHabmif;bDcGjum;tpudk

nmbufab;od k hwGe f ;z<fonf? xd ktcg tzkwfjuD;onf tzH k ;tum

uif ;r J hv#uf t_yL;om;ay:vmonf? p dwfawGE d k ;xaeonf htwGuf

tzkwfu rkef haygif;juD;vd ky laEG;rd k hazgif;um t7nfawGvnf;@$rf;@ $r f;p d kae

onf? apmufaphuawmh aigufawmufjuD;ud kaxmifv#uf a':cifarpd k ;

r Smvnf; rde f ;rapmufywfud k tyDt_yifyxrqH k ;tjudr f _ri f7zl ;ay7m

ud k<fud ka@S hod k hyifud ki f ;I tm;7yg;7junfhr donf?

olrtzd k h t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyfxJwGif awGh7zl;onfrSty t_yifwGif

160

r de f ;rt~ F gu d k onfv d kr s d K ;xi f ;xi f ; ju D ; _yL ;v#u f rjunf hc Jz l ;ay?

7rufaZmt_ywfxef_yif;um zkxpfrd k hazgif;wufaeonfhapmufywfuvnf;

umrqG Jtm;awGt_ynf h@ S d ae7m junf h7 _ri f7aoma':ci farp d k ;7i fx J

zd karmvS d Kufat;um wkefwkef7if7if_zpfvmonf?

Þ aoaocsmcsmjunfhav- -apmufywfr_rifzl;vd k hvm; ß

a':cifarpd k ;>ta_ctaeudk 7dyfrdaomudkp d k ;armifu a_ymonf?

q7mr>vnf~kwfudkvnf; vSrf;udkifqGJum| oif;oif;_zL>aygifcGqHkqDodk h

w Ge f ;z dc sonf? a':ci farp d k ;>rsufE Sm oif ;oi f ; _zL>aygi f jum;od k h

a7mufvmonf? apmufywfjuD ;ay: rsufE Smxdr dvkvkyi f _zp fonf?

apmufywfeH hp l ;p l;@ S@ Sud kawmh t_ywfyif@SL@S d Kuf7onf?

Þ ol hapmufywfud k _z Jjunf hygvm;- -junf hyg q7mr7J h ?

bmrStm;emraeygeJ h- -'grs d K ;u junfh7cJw<f ß

ud kp d k ;armifu a':cifarpd k ;ud k cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymqd kwd kufwGef;onf?

xd kod k hwd kufwGe f ;i f ; q7mr>Ed k htH k juD;wbufud k wcsufcyfwif;wif;

qkyf!Spfay;vd kufonf? a':cifarpd k ; wGef hueJ_zpfonf? wcsufqkyfud ki f

_y D;aemuf vufud kv$wfz<fvd kufaomfvnf; cyfwif;wif;t!SpfcH7rSK>

161

pyfzsif;zsif;_zpfrSKuawmh usefaecJ hum| trsdK;orD;juD;yd k7ifzd karmvmonf?

a':cifarpd k ;onf oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfud k _z Jumjunfhcsi fvmonf?

'gayr<fh vufr7JyJ@ S daeonf?

Þ a[m'DrSm _zJ_yay;r<f? junfhayawmh- - ß

p d k ;armi fu a_yma _ymqd kq d k | oi f ;oi f ; _zL>apmufywfu d k

wcsufvuf_zifhudkif_zJvdkufonf? tzkwfjuD; _yJtmonf? apmufacgif;ayguf

txif;om;ay:vmonf? apmufaphjuD; _yL;wpfxGufvmonf? 'gud k

te D ;uyfxif ;xif ;juD; _ri fae7aom a':ci farp d k ;r Sm wud k<fvH k ;y lxl

zde f;@ S de f ;v#uf 7ifvnf;'de f;' de f;c ke fonf?

Þ olhapmufywfud k 7ufay;ygvm; q7mr- - ß

pdk;armifu wqifhuJvmonf? a':cifarpdk;rSmvnf; t7rf;t7rf;udk

p dwfvSKyf@ Sm;7ifcke fum pOf;pm;qif_cifonfhpdwfuvnf; uif;aysmufI

umrqdyf i<fxdyfwdkifatmifwufaeav7m| udkpd k;armifwdkufwGef;onfESif h

tvd kvd kyi f v#mav;wpfvpfxkwfum oif ;oif ; _zL>apmufywfud k

uke f ;I7ufvk dufonf? apmufywf7ufz l ;olr[kwfI 7ufay;wmu

txmrus? odk haomfv#mzsm;onf aigufawmufaxmifaeaomapmufaph

162

udkawmh ususeexdrd7ufrdonf?

Þ atmifr<fav; q7mr7J h- -aumif;vd kufwm? 7ufprf;yg- -

7ufprf;yg- -orD;apmufywfud k 7ufay;prf;yg- -tm;tm; tm;- -

tD;tD; tm;- - ß

oi f ;oi f ; _z Lwa<mufr S mawm h t_ywfu d k Ø c d ku f ×o G m ;onf ?

wDqm;ESif htwdk hc H7onfhES<f wudk<fvH k;xd k;xd k;xGef hxGef h |wGef hwGef hvdefvdef

_zp fonf? a':cifarpd k ;>acgi f ;ud k vufESp fbuf_zi f hud ki fqG Jum rdr d

apmufywfay:yg;pyftyfusatmif twif;qG Juyfxm;onf? a':cifarpd k ;

ud k<fwd ki fr Smvnf; v#mzsm;E Si f hapmufap h xdawG h7ufr dvd kufcs de fwGi f

wud k<fvH k ; _z d K ;ueJzsi f ;ueJ_zpfoGm;atmif 7rufaZmaygufuG Jr S Kz Dvifud k

jurf;jurf;@ S@ Sc Hpm;7av7m apmufywfay:yg;pyftyfusr doGm;onfESi f h

t7rf ;uma7myif 7ufay;p ky fay;vd kufavawmhonf? v#mud kt_ywf

upm;ovdk | ESKwfcrf;zl;z l;rsm;uvnf; apmufywfom;xltrf;trf;rsm;ud k

i H kc Jp ky fonf? apmufywf7ufzl;onfhtawGhtjuHKr@S dI pepfrusonfhwd ki f

v#mt_ywfupm;um t7ufjurf;jurf;| tpkyf7rf;7rf;rd k h oif;oif;_zL

wa<mufvnf; zDvifawGt_ywfwufum| aumhys Hvefumwufaeav

awm honf ? apmufywfu ke f ;7u fum t_ywfaZmoe faer S Ka jumi f h

q7mra':ci farp d k ;>zi fq H k ju D ;uvnf ; tvd kv d k yi f aum haxmi fI

163

wufvmonf? 'l;wkwfumzifaxmifukef;I apmufywfud kt_ywf7ufae

onfh taetxm;ta_ctaers d K ; _zpfoGm;onf?

q7mudkpd k;armifu oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfudk 7ufay;_yD;aemuf

aumifrav;tmom_yif;_yif;| 7rufrl;rl;_zpfvmv#if ud k<fvH k;wD;tcÈwf

cd kif;um zifaxmifukef;ap_yD;vdk;rnf[kpdwful;xm;onf? xdkodk hvdk;ae7if;u

q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud kvnf; tem;ac:um| a~G;tkpkyfc d ki f ;r S K _zif htpys d K ;um|

trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufudk taetxm;trsdK;rs d K;a_ymif;I (t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyf

xJrSyH krsm;udkaxmuf_yv#uf) tm;7yg;7pyf<Sufaysmfyg;zd k h juH@G<fxm;onf?

od k haomf oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfud k a':cifarpd k ;ukef;junfhvm

onfud kawG h7I apmufywf7ufcd ki f ;c J h7mrS <ckawmh oif;oif;_zLvnf;

zDvifawGwuf| a':cifarpd k ;vnf; tmomirf;irf;ESi f ht7rf;_zpfaeav7m

onfvd k _zpfae7wmuvnf; junfhaumif;I7rufxp7m_zpfaomajumif h

a_ymif;vJvmaomta_ctaet7 vdk;yG JtpDtpOfudkvnf; vdkufIa_ymif;7ef

oabmaygufoGm;onf?

a':cifarpd k ;r Sm 00awmif hawmif hjuD;_zpf7m zifaxmifukef;aecs de f

wGif wifyg;juD;u wpftdIaeonf? xdkod k hqH kjuD;um;tdaewm_rif7awmh

q7mudkpd k ;armifvnf; vdk;csifpdwfawGaxmif;ueJay:vmonf? xdkajumif h

164

tomt<m a':cifarpd k ;>zifjuD;ud k zsef;ueJ_rnfatmif cyfjurf;jurf;

@ k dufonf? _yD ;awmhxrDud k atmufprSrum| cg;ay:od k hyi f hwifonf?

xrDvSe fwif _y D ;aemuf a':ci farpd k ;0wfxm;aom atmufc Habmif ;bD

ud kvnf; 'l ;acgufauG;em;od k hav#musa7muf@ S doGm;atmif qG Jc sonf?

xr DtvSe fc H7v#uf twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dud kvnf ; qG Jc sc H7aomtcg

r dr dud kaemufr Sc Gum vd k ;awmhrnf[ka':ci farp d k ;u tvd kvd kodonf?

zDvifawGvnf; t_ywfwufaecs de fr d k ha':cifarpd k ;onf wifyg;qH kjuD;ud k

tvk dufoi f hyi f aumhaxmi fwi fay;vd ku fonf? q7mud kp d k ;armi fu

q7mra':cifarpd k;>apmufywfudkvufeSif hud kifum wcsufESpfcsufyGwfay;

_y D ; aemu f rw fawmi faeaomvD ; ju D ;u d k aw hIz dumx d k ;o Gi f ;on f ?

juD;rm;wkwfc d ki faomvD;acsmi f ;juD; | apmufacgi f ;aygufxJod k h wtdtd

wd k ;0i fonf? apmuf7nfjunfrsm ;p d kae7m txd k ;7tqifacsmonf?

od k haomf wif;juyfpD;yd ki fr S Kuawmh t_ynfh@ S donf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -emw<f- -_znf;_znf;oGif;ygaemf ß

vD;'pfjuD;_rKyf0ifoGm;_yD;aomtcg apmufacgif;0t_ywf_yJtmum

atmif hIemaomajumih f a':cifarpd k ;u apmufywfud kuke f ;7ufae7mrS

ac gi f ; ju Gum vnf _ye fv Sn f h junf h _y D ;a _ymonf? a_ym _y D ;onfE Si f h

r sufE Smud k oif;oif; _zL>aygi fjum;od k h _ye ftyfcsv#uf apmufywfud k

165

quf7ufonf? oif;oif;_zLu a':cifarpd k ;>acgif;ud k vSrf;ud ki fqG J<l

vd kuf7m a':cifarpd k ;uacgif;i H k htcsESi f h tvkdufoif h _zpfonf?

u d kp d k ; armi fonf a':ci farp d k ;>nmbufzi fom; _cr f ; ju D ;u d k

z se f ;ue Jwcsuf@ k du f _y D ; tomzdud ki ftm;<lum vD;ud kapmufywfxJ

qufIxd k ;oGi f ;onf? zdxd k ;vd kufwd ki f ; wkwfc d ki foefrmaomvD;juD;u

a':cifarpd k ;>apmufywfxJod k h wpfIwd k;0ifonf? wifyg;om;juD;awG

wqwfqwfwkefonf? apmufywfESKwfcrf;om;rsm;qdkv#if vD;wefvHk;ywfudk

om;a7uGif;vd k wif;juyfpGm7pfywfI !SpfumpkyfqG Jaeonf?

atmif hIemaomfvnf; vD;>txdtawGhu xl;_cm;aumif;r Ge f

vSaomajumif h a':cifarpd k ;c_rm apmufywf7ufaeI yg;pyfrtm;onfh

jum;uyif wtdtdwtpftpfnnf;7if; zifjuD;aumhIaxmifIjuGwuf

vmonf? apmufywfudkvnf; yd kjurf;jurf;7ufay;pkyfay;7m oif;oif;_zL

raeEd li fawmh? apmuf7nfawGyef;xGufum| wcsDØ _y D;×oGm;7avonf?

a':ci farp d k ;ud k<fwd ki fr Smvnf; apmufywfxJvD;tqH k ;0i foGm;cs de fwGi f

wcs D Ø _y D ; ×7onf?

166

Þ oif;oif;_zL- -abmfvDeJ hatmufcHabmif;bDcÈwf_yD; q7mr

ab;rSm vmukef;prf;- - ß

ud kp d k ;armifu aumifrav;ud kvSrf;a_ymonf?

yOPryd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

167

Þ tcsp fausmi f ;(5) ß

tcef;(5)

oif;oif;_zLrSm yifudk<fADZuyif 7rufaZmxefum| ̂ SmjuD;aom

rdef;uav;wa<muf_zpfonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;> apmufywf7ufay;

r S Kajumif h wcs D Ø _y D ; ×c J h7onf hwd ki f tm;r7El di fao;? umrt7omud k

qufvufcHpm;vdkao;onf? rdrdudk twGif;cHt0wftpm;rsm;tukefcÈwfum

tukef;cd kif;_cif;onf y<fy<fe<fe<fvdk;ypfzd k h _zpfajumif;udk em;vnfaom

csmwdwfrav;onf csufcsif;yif abmfvDtuFs DESif htwGif;cHabmif;bDwd k hud k

t_refyifcÈwfonf? Avmudk<fvHk;wD;_zpfoGm;onfESif h 'l;wkwfzifaxmifum

q7mra':ci farp d k ;>ab;em;od k ho Gm ;um av;bufaxmufIuke f ;ay;

vd kufonf?

Þ 'DrSm ukef;xm;_yD? judKufovdk vd k;ay;awmh- - ß

yg;pyfrSvnf; tyDt_yifa_ymcsvd kufonf?

a':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf; oif;oif;_zLavmuf^Smrxef| 7rufr_yif;

aomfvnf; omrefrdef;rawGxuf qENydkxufoefonf? vD;juD;apmufywfxJ

tqHk;wd k;0ifvmcs de fwGif wcsDØ_yD;×oGm;cJ hay7m xdkvD;juD;>tawGhxl;rSKESif h

168

umrpnf;pdr fay;Ed li fp Gr f ;juD;rm;yH kud k vufawG hodaeonf? vD;oGif;wm

cH7onfuyif onfr#avmuft7om@S daev#if cyfjurf;jurf;| tm;aumif;

aumif;ESi f hz daqmif hvd k ;v#if aqGrs d K ;arhavmufatmifyify d kaumif;rnfud k

odonf? xdk;oGif;xm;aomvD;acsmif;juD; qGJxkwf_yefoGif;| tm_yif;_yif;ESif h

w[if;[if;aeatmif aqmif hvd k ;wmcHcsifaeonf?

Þ [if h- -usrud kvnf; aqmif hvd k ;ay;ygtkef;aemf? 'DrSm cH7wm

odyfaumif;aevd k hyg- - ß

a':cifarpd k ;uvnf; olrud kvd k ;aeoltm; acgif;av;aemufapmif;

i J hjunfhum 7ruftmom_yif;_yif;ESi f ha_ymvd kufavonf? usefausmif;

rsufESmzH k ;p Gy fxm;aomajumif h rsufESmud k awhawhqd ki fqd ki fr_rif7ao;

onfhtwGufvnf; a':cifarpd k ;u odyf@S de fraeyJ a_ym7Jqd k7 J@ S daeonf?

yg;py futa_ymwGi f zifqH k juD;ud kvnf; a0hum0d kufumvSKy f<rf;ay;

vd kufavao;onf?

Þ aqmif hr Smayg h q7mr7J h- -q7mra7m| oif;oif;_zLa7m

ESpfa<mufvH k;tDpdr f hoGm;atmif vd k;ay;rSmyg? pdwfcs- - ß

rdrdvd k;aeonfh trsd K;orD;tjuD;ti<fESpfa<mufvH k; w^SmawG

169

xe f _yi f ;vmum | t@ Su fu k e f atmi fxju Gaer S Ku d k oabmusp G m

ud kp d k ;armi fua_ymonf? ta_ymud kvufawG h _yonf htae_zi f h q7mr

a':cifarpd k ;>apmufywfxJod k h atmufyif haqmif henf;_zif h vD;juD;ud k

wtm;yif hIyif hI aumfwifaqmif hvd k ;ay;onf?

Þ bGyfAspf- -tm;td- -bGyfAspf- -atmifr<fav;av;- -

bGyfbGyfbkAspfAspf- -tm;yg;yg;@S D ; tD;tD;- - ß

ig;csufwtm;ukefyif haqmif honf? atmufyif haqmif hvd k ;csufrSm

onfv d k zi faxmi fu ke f ; aeonf htc g apmufywfx Jv D ;t0i feu fum |

ususeexd k ;r daxmufr daomenf ; _zp fonf? 0i fc sufaumi f ;umxdr dI

tvdk;c Hr de f ;r wkefc d kufaumhys HoGm;atmift7om@S daomfvnf; om;tdrf

txdcH7rSK'^fuvnf; _yif;xefaomajumif h tcsufrsm;rsm;aqmif hvd k ;

wmudkawmh rcHEd li f? 'gud kem;vnfaomq7mudkp d k ;armifonf av;ig;csuf

wtm;wG<fypf_yD;aemuf q7mra':cifarpd k;>apmufywfxJrS olhvD;acsmif;

juD;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;yifqG Jxkwfvd kufonf? qGJtxkwfwGif wrifyif

r dr d>qD;py fud k tay:od k ha7mufaeatmifwd k ; Õri f hae7m<lxm;vd kuf7m

apmufywfxJrSuÈwf_yKwfxGufvmaom vD;wefrmrmawmif hawmif hjuD;u

apmufywfud k xd k;yif haumfcG Jvd kufovdk_zpfonf?

170

aqmif hvd k ;c H7wmuvnf; aumif;vSay7m a':cifarpd k ;yg;pyfrS

tvdkvd kyif Øq7m×[k_rnfwrf;ac:vd kufrdavonf? rdrdESi f hoif;oif;_zL

wd k htm; ac:Ivd k ;aeolr Sm q7mud kp d k ;armi fom_zp f7rnf[k q7mr

a':ci farp d k ;u awG;qxm;onf? od k haom fr sufE Smz H k ;p Gy fawGbmawG

wyfxm;aomajumif h (onfvdkrs d K;vkyfxm;wmuvnf; wrsd K;pdwfvSKyf@Sm;

7i f z d k p7maumi f ; aeonf htw Gu f ) ro dv d ku fro dzmomaec J hon f ?

<c k aqmi f h c su f aumi f ;Iumrt7omaw G hv G e f ; aoma jumi f hom

yGi f htHxGufoGm;7avonf?

Þ udk<fwH k;vH k ;cÈwfvd kufawmh- - ß

apmufywfxJr SvD;acsmi f ;juD; cyfjurf ;jurf ;qG Jxkwf<lvd kuf

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trs d K ;orD;juD;>zifjuD;ud kvnf; wcsufykwfonf? _yD;awmh ab;em;

uyfv#uf toif hzifaxmifukef;v#ufom;@S daeavaom oif;oif;_zL@S d7m

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_zpfonf? oif;oif;_zLrSmawmh t7rf;ud ktvdk;c Hcsifaeum apmufywf

<m;Iaeav7m a':ci farp d k ;>apmufywfxJr S vD ;qG Jx kwfvd ku foH

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' l;acgif;awGyif wa@G ha@G h@ S dae@Smonf? olr>zifjuD;aemufod k h udkpd k ;armif

171

ae7ma@$ ha_ymif;a7mufvmaomtcgwGifrl aumifrav;u zifud kaumhum

yif humyifay;xm;vd kufavonf?

Þ vky fy gq7m- -orD ;apmufywfxJ vD;xd k ;o Gi f ; _y D ;- -

wtm;apmif hvd k ;ay;prf;yg@Si f h- -t7rf;<m;_yD; odyftvd k;c Hcsi faevd k hyg?

vd k ;yg@Si f h- -vdk;prf;yg- - ß

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t7rf;xef_yif;aeav7m a':cifarpd k ; _zpfovdkyif yg;pyfrStvdktav#muf

Øq7m×[kv$wfueJac:vdkufrdavonf? q7mudkpd k;armifu ausmif;olrav;

>_yL;wpfazgif;xGufaeavaom apmufywfrSapmufacgif;0wnfhwnfhwGif

ol hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k cs de fom;ud kufatmiftomawhaxmufvd kufonf?

Þ tm;[if h[if h- -td ktd k- -oGif;avvdk h- -[if h xd k;oGif;vd kuf

prf;ygqd kaerS- -[if h[if h[if h ß

v D ; aw haxmu fv d ku f r S K a jumi f h oi f ;oi f ; _ z Lwu d k< fv H k ;

"gwfvd kufovdk xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfonf? aoG;wd k hqla0yGufxvmonf?

vD ;u awhaxmufr d@ k Homz dxm;7m apmufywfxJ0i fatmi fxd k ;o Gi f ;

rvmonfhtwGuf oif;oif;_zLonftm;rvdktm;r7_zpfum r@Sufrajumuf

172

yifa_ymqdkcGi f hawmif;rdavonf? a':cifarpd k ;onf zifaxmifukef;ay;xm;

7mr S tomx7y fonf ? zi fay:aeatmi fv Se fwi fxm;onf hxr Du d k

atmufod k h _ye fcsonf? atmufod k hqG Jc sxm;aomtwGif ;c Habmif;bDav;

uawmh 'l;acgufauG;qDwGif vdyfusv#ufom;@S daeonf? xdktwGif;cH

abmif;bDav;u wkwfqG Jxm;ovdkrd k h a_caxmufESpfacsmif;yl;yl;uyfuyf

@ S daeonf? q7mud kp d k ;armi f vwfwavmvd k ; _y D ;umpapmufywfxJr S

apmuf7nfjunfwd k huawmh t_yifod k htHxGufum a':cifarpd k ;>wkwf_zd K;

0wp f a e aom ay g i fwe f ju D ; E S p f c kwav # mu f p D ;u sIaeon f ?

apmuf7nfjunf aEG;aw;aw;cÈ Jus dus drsm;pD;usrS Kud k xdawG hc Hpm;7onfh

a':cifarpd k ; juufoD;av;rsm;xonf? a':cifarpd k ;onf rwfwyf7yfrd

onfESi f h oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfud k vD;awhaxmufuyfzdvd kufrS Kud k

_rif7onf? olr>rsufvH k ;rsm; _yL;us<f0d ki f ;pufum| aoaocsmcsm

tay:rSp D ;Ijunfhr donf?

a':cifarpd k;7ifodrf hwkefum rsufESmawGyifzdef;ueJ@S def;ueJ_zpfonf?

t@Sufukefatmif tvdk;cH_yD;umprdef;rjuD; 7ifzd karm[d kufoGm;7atmif

_rifuGif;u tonf;<m;p7maumif;vSonf? oif;oif;_zL>apmufywf

onf avxdk;oGif;xm;ovm;xif7avmufatmifyif azgif;juGwufum

tdwi f ;aeonf? apmuf7nfjunfawGuvnf; qDwyd\mavmuf

avmif;csay;xm;ovdk @$ Jp d kacsmusdaejuonf? apmuf7nfjunfeH honf

173

pl;@ Sp Gmaxmif;axmif;xaeonf? vD;juD;uvnf; t_ywfud krmajum

awmifhoefonf? vdk;xm;cJ honfht@S defajumif h vD;wGifapmuf7nfjunfrsm;

uvnf; pd k@ $ JIaeavao;onf? tajum_ydKi f;_yd Ki f;juD;rsm;| vD;txpf

t7p f ju D ;r s m ;u t_ywfu d k y D _yi f aeonf ? xd kv D ; ju D ;>xdy fz l ;u

apmufywfudk cyfzdzdav;awhaxmufxm;onf? vD;u apmufacgif;ayguf

x Jw d k ; r0i f ao; ? v D ;>z dtm ;a jumi f h v D ;x dy f z l ; e m ;w0 k du fw G i f

apmufywfESKwfcrf;om;zkzkazgif;azgif;wd k hu csd Ki f hc GufcGufESif h tdtdydydav;

_zpfaeju[efu 7ifckefp7mtaumif;qH k;_zpfonf? xdk h _yif tzkwfESKwfcrf;

om;wdk honf wkefcgvSKyfv#uf@S daejuonfudk a':cifarpd k;teD;uyfjunfh@SK

7I aumif;aumif;_rif7avonf?

Þ rif hzifjuD;ud k aemufaumhwGef;_yD; apmufywfxJvD;0ifatmif

oGif;<lav? uJ- -q7mruvnf; wHk;vH k ;cÈwfavAsm? cÈwf_yD;7if

0ifyg7tkef;rSm? cÈwfav- - ß

ud kp d k ;armifu ausmif;olrav;ud k a_ymqd koif_yay;_y D;aemuf

q7mrudkyg wqufwnf;vSrf;a_ymonf? a_ym7if; vufuygvmonf?

q7mra':cifarpd k;>xrDudk qwfueJvSrf;qGJcÈwfcsonf? avsmhwdavsmh7J

av;_zpfaeonfhxrDrSm qGJcÈwfonfESi f h uGif;vH k ;y H kuÈwfusonf?

174

Þ td k;- - ß

tvdk;cHcJ h _y D;_zpfonfhwd ki f xrDqG JtcÈwfcH7aomtcg a':cifarpd k ;

y g ;py fr S a<mifatm fIvSr f ;qG Javao;onf? od k haom f rr Dawmhy g?

xrDu uGif;vH k ;yk HuÈwfusoGm;av_yD?

175

0if ;r d k ;E Si f hwe fc si f ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufonf tcef ;t_yi fbufr SaeI

txJ@S d_rifuGif;rsm;udk acsmif;a_rmif;junfhaejuonf? olwdk hESpfa<mufudk

onfvd ktomacsmif;junfhum twk<loifjum;7ef q7mudkp d k ;armifu

rSmxm;cJ honf? acsmif;junfh7if;vD;awmifvmv#if vD;ud ktomt<m

udkifyGwfay;v#uf okwfv$wfawmhrnfhta_codk hqd kufvmonfqdkv#ifawmh

yGwfaeaomvufud kz<fum acsmif;junfhwmvnf;7yfI [dk[d konfonf

t_yifbuf@SKcif;rsm;ud k vSrf;junfh7efvnf; q7mudkpd k ;armifu rSmjum;

xm;onf? _yD;awmh ud kp d k ;armifvSrf;ac:rSom tcef;xJod k h0ifvmum|

ud kp d k ;armifvd k ;c d ki f ;onfhr de f ;rud k vd k;ju7rnf_zpfonf?

oif ;oif ; _zLE Si f ha':ci farp d k ;wd k hu d k q7mud kp d k ;armi fvd k ;wmud k

aumifav;ESp fa<muftHwjudwfjudwfESi f h tm;uspGmacsmif;junf haecJ h

juonf? rdrdwd k htvSnf ha7mufv#ifvnf; q7mudkp d k ;armifvd k ;ovdkrs d K ;

twk<lum vdkufvd k ;ypfrnf[kvnf; pdwfxJrSjudrf;0g;um udkp d k ;armif>

vkyfy H kud ki fy H k | vd k ;y H kaqmfyH kwd k hud k aoaocsmcsmjunfh@ S Kr Swfom;aeju

onf? vdk;juaqmfjuwmawGudk rsuf0g;xifxif| twGif;om;txif;om;

_ri f7awG h7awmh aoG;qlaomvlys d Kayguft@G<fav;awGy Dy D | vD;awG

awmifvmjuonf? pdwft7rf;xvmjuonf? od k haomf ud kp d k ;armif

a _ymxm ;on f htw d k i f ; tw dtusv d ku f e mv ky f aqmi f ju7av7m |

(olwd k honf rde f ;raumif;aumif;vd k ;c si faeaomajumif h <cifwcgvd k

176

tdk;eif;cGufeif;r_zpf7avatmif udkp d k ;armifud kq7mwifum| udkp d k ;armif

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oif;oif;_zLud k<fvH k;wD;_zpfI zifaxmifukef;wmudk tm;7yg;7junfh@S K

juonf?

ud kp d k ;armi fu oif;oif ; _zLapmufywfwGi f vD;awhaxmuf@ k H

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om;>rsufvHk;av;rsm;onf ykZGefrsufvHk;awGyrm rsufvHk;tdrfrSuÈwfxGuf

juawmhrwwf _yL;IxGufvmjuuke fonf? olwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf

a':cifarpd k ;ud k t0wfryg| Avmudk<fvH k;wD;_zif hjunfhcsif_rifcsifaeju

onfrSm jumay_yD? a':cifarpd k ;u t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrsm;zwf@S Kajumif;

p,od7uwnf;u xdkqENtmoDou judwfI@S daecJ hjuonf? q<fausmf

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a':cifarpd k ;ud k yd kIjunfhcsif | vd k;csifaejuonf?

177

twGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd kav;u 'l;qpfem;qDwGif vdyfv#uf

a7muf@S dae7m xrDuGif;vH k ;yH kuÈwfusoGm;aomtcg q7mra':cifarpd k ;>

atmufyd ki f ;r Sm Avmusif;oGm;onf hta_ctae_zpfvmonf? 0if;r d k ;wk d h

acsmi f ;junf hae7mbufod k h a':cifarpd k ;u rsufE Smr lv#ufom;@ S dae7m

aumifav;ESpfa<muftzd k h olwd k hq7mr>aygifcGqH kr S apmufywfae7mudk

we f ; I aw G h _ r i f ju7avon f ? a' : c i f a r p d k ;>ap mu f a r $ ; r s m ;u

tawmfxlay7m aygifc GqH k@ S dapmufar$;rnf;rnf;rsm;ud kawmh 0if;r d k ;wd k h

aumif;aumif;_rifEd li fonf? apmufywfuawmh odyfxifxif@Sm;@Sm;r@S d?

r d k hr d k hazgi f ;azgi f ;@ S daeyH kud k apmufar$;rsm;tkyfxm;v#ufESi f h r_rifwcsuf

_rifwcsuf_zpfaeonf?

Þ bGy fbkbkbGy fA sp fA sp fA sp f- -tm;yg ;y g ; @ S D ;- -0ifvm_y D

q7m7J h- -[if h[if h- -td ktd k- -bGyfbkbk- -tm;yg;yg; @S D ; ß

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_rnfwrf;oHwd k hud k aumifav;E Sp fa<mufjum;ju7onf? 0if ;r d k ;E Si f h

wefcsif;wd k honf q7mra':cifarpd k ;xH tm@k Hp l;p d kufa7muf@S daejuav7m

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jum;r Syi f olwd k hE Sp fa<muf>tjunf hr sm ;u oif ;oi f ; _zLbufod k h

178

a7mufonf? oif;oif; _zL>zifjuD;r Sm q7mud kp d k ;armif>qD;pyfwGi f

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acgif;av;armhv#uf@S daeonfudk awGhju7onf? vD;acsmif;juD; apmufywf

xJod k htqH k ;0i fatmif xd k ;oGi f ;<lvd kuf _y D ; _zp fajumif ;vnf; em;vnf

v d ku f juonf? ud kp d k ; armi f>vufE Sp fbufu cg ;w Gi faxmufum

cyfaumhaumhvkyfay;xm;onf? olhvD;juD; aumifrav;apmufywfxJ

_rKyf0ifaeatmifvnf; tvdkufoif hvkyfay;xm;_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ 0ifoGm;_yDav- -aqmif hygvm;vd k h [if h ß

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a_ymonf? olr>rsufESmav;eD7Jum ezl;wGifacÈ;av;rsm;tkaeonfud k

aumifav;ESp fa<muf_rifju7onf?

Þ rif;yJ zifvSKyf_yD;aqmif hjunfhav? wrsd K;ta_ymif;tvJ

ayg h- - ß

Þ [m- -raqmif hwwfygbl;? wu<fyJ- - ß

Þ bmcufwmvdkufvd k h? zifjuD;ud k a@S hwd k ;aemufiifvSKyfayg h?

179

zifjuD;aemufud ky d k hwJ htcgus7ifom tm;xnfh_yD;z dcsvd kuf- - ß

Þ wu<f7pfw<fuGm- -aqmif hr Smaqmif hwmr[kwfbl; ß

Þ t7omwrsd K;xl;atmif a_ymwmyguG? vkyfjunfhprf;yg ß

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rsm;tay:rS vufESif htomcyfzGz Gud ki fy Gwf7if;| tcef;xJrS_rifuGif;rsm;ud k

tm;7yg;7junfhaejuonf? twGif;cHabmif;bDrsm;ud k cÈwfxm;ju_yD;

_yDrd k h ykqd k;ay:rSvD;ud kud kifyGwf7rSKuvnf; tawmftqifa_y| txdtawGh

aumif;aeygonf?

180

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olrudk 7ruf_yefxef_yif;vmaponf? 7rufxvmawmh t@Suftajumuf

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vmonf?

p d k ;armifuvnf; ol hvD;apmufywfxJt0ifacsmatmif aeay;

xm;onf? teD;od k huyfvmaom a':cifarpd k ;ud k ayG hzufonf? 0wfvpf

181

pvpf_zpfaeaom a':cifarpd k;>00wpfwpfud k<fvH k;xGm;xGm;_zdK;_zdK;juD;rSm

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tm;7yg;7ud k erf;ypfonf? rsufESmzH k ;uÈwfoGm;wm a':cifarpd k ;odonf?

od k haomf csufcsif;qd kovdkyif ESKwfcrf;ud ki H kc Jp ky ferf;c Hvd kuf7aomajumif h

a':cifarpd k ;r Sm ay:vmaomrsufE Smud k aoaocsmcsmrjunf hvd kuf7?

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qky fud ki fy Gwfe<fzsp f!Sp fonf? zifaygufud kxd k ;uvd k7m a':ci farpd k ;

w Ge f hue J _zp fonf? ud kp d k ;armi fonfa':ci farp d k ;u d k ay G hzufp ky fer f ;

zifud ki f!Spf7if; olhzifa_ymifjuD;ud kaumhumvSKyf@Sm;onf? oif;oif;_zL>

apmufywfxJ vD;ud kxd k;aqmif hvd k;oGif;ay;onf? onfvdkaqmif hvmawmh

oif;oif;_zLtzd k h yd kt7omawGh7onf? t7rf;a[mhvmonf?

182

Þ tm;[if h[if h- -aumif;vd kufwm- -bGyfbGyf- tm;- -

aumif;w<f- -aqmif h aqmif h- -'Dxuf_yi f ; _yi f ;aqmif hpr f ;yg@ Si f h

bGyfbGyfbkbGyf- -trav; av;- -tm; tm; ß

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trsd K;rs d K;awGhIaeavonf? acsmif;junfhaejuaomaumifav;ESpfa<muf

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acsmi f ;junf hae7mrSvnf;c GmI oH k ;xyfausmi f ;aqmiftay:xyfr SaeI

ywf0ef;usifudkvSrf;ar#mfjunfh7if; okwf7nfrxGufukefatmif tm@k Ha_ymif;

p dwfxde f;aeju7avonf?

tcef;xJwGifawmh udkp d k ;armifu a':cifarpd k ;>yg;pyfud ki H kc Jum

7ruf_yif;_yif;ESi f h jurf;jurf;7rf;7rf;pkyferf;aewmudk @kwfw7uf7yfum

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aqmif hajumif hxd ki fvd kufv#i f _zpf _r Jobm0twd ki f ; apmufywf_y Jtm

vmonf ? apmu fyw fx Jw Gi f @ $ r f ; @ $ r f ; p d k atmi fx Gu faeavaom

183

apmuf7nfjunfwd k h r S mvnf ; atmufod k h awmufawmuf<k dusonf?

cif;xm;aomzsmay:wGif apmuf7nfjunftpuftaygufwdk h tdkifxGef;Iyif

oGm;onf?

q7mra':ci farpd k ;ud k aqmif hajumif hxd ki fv#ufom;_zp fatmif

z dwGe f ;csvd kuf_y D ;onfESi f h ud kp d k ;armifu olvd k ;aeaomoif;oif; _zL>

apmufywfxJrS vD;juD;udkqwfueJqGJxkwfonf? vD;uÈwfxGufrSKESif htwl

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t@S de_zif h apmufywfxJrSxGufvmaomapmuf7nfjunftcsd K h a':cifarpd k ;

>rsufESmay:pifusonf? a':cifarpdk; qwfueJwkefonf? apmufywfxJu

qGJxkwfvd kufonfh tajum_ydKi f;_yd Ki f;xumwaighaig hvSKyfI apmuf7nf

junfawGawmufawmuf<d katmifp d kaeonfhvD;juD;e Si f h [_yJ_y J _zpfusef

aec J havaomapmufywfwd k hu d kvnf; teD ;uyfxif ;xif ; juD ;awG h7um

7ifwke ftonf;<m;aeonf?

Þ a7mh- -pkyfay;prf;- - ß

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a':ci farp d k ;y g ;py fem; awhuyfay;onf? t7r f ;ud kp dw fvS Ky f@ Sm ;um

184

7rufaZmt_ywfxefaeaom a':cifarpd k ;>yg;pyf tvdkvd ky Gi f h[onf?

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_yif ;ay7m w_yGy f _y Gy fwysy fysy ftoHawG_rnfonf? xd kod k hp ky fay;_y D ;r S

a':cifarpd k ;onf vD;rSmoif;oif;_zL>apmufywfxJrS vd k;ae7if;qG Jxkwf

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y g ;py fx Ja7mu fvmaomvD ; ju D ;u d k tm;7y g ;7yi f p ky f ay ;r donf ?

v#m _zi f hvnf ; xd k ;uvd7ufonf? i Hy sy st7omud k c Hpm ;7onf?

!S DwDwDteH hvnf; 7onf?

ud kp d k ;armifu a':cifarpd k ;>yg;pyfxJr S ol hvD;ud kqG Jxkwfum

oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfxJ qwfueJ_yefxdk;oGif;xnfhonf? apmufywfxJ

vD;juD;0ifoGm;oH ØbGyfbkbkAspf×qdkxGufonf? apmufywfESKwfcrf;om;rsm;

185

vD;xd k;oGif;onfh h'^f_zif h cs d Ki f h0ifoGm;wm a':cifarpd k ;teD;uyf_rif7v#uf

7if' de f;' de f;c ke fonf? oif;oif;_zLrSmvnf; rdrdapmufywfxJwGifaqmif hvd k ;

aev#ufrS vD;uÈwfxGufoGm;I [mwmwm_zpfusefae7pfcJ h7mrS a':cifar

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xd kaemufrdr dapmufywfxJ vD;acsmif;juD;wcsufwnf;ESi f htqH k ;qd kovd k

t@S de fE Si f hwd k ;0ifvmav7m tDpdrf hwif;juyfum| emjuift7omawGhum

zifjuD;yifa_rmufjuGwufoGm;onf?

Þ tm;tm;- -jurf;vScsnfvm; emw<f- -td ktd k- -bGyf- -

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_zp faoma':ci farp d k ;u yg ;py ftoif h[um vD ;ud kq D ;p ky fay;onf?

wcsufESpfcsufpkyf_yD;onfESif h udkpd k ;armifonf olhvD;ud kq7mra':cifarpd k;

186

yg;pyfxJrSqGJxkwfum oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfxJ cyfjurf;jurf;zdxdk;oGif;

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pd k;armifxd k;ay;p7myifrvdk? olrudk<fwd kifacgif;a@S hwd k;um vD;ud kpkyfonf?

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onf? apmufywfE Si f h y g ;py f | rwlu G J _ym ;aomtaygu fE Sp fay gu f>

_cm;em;aomxdawG hr S Kud k zDvif<lonf? trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufrSmvnf;

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Þ q7mrudk vd k;tkef;r<f? zifaxmifukef;vd kuf? oifoif;_zLu

vD;vmpkyfay;- - ß

c^jumawmhud kp d k ;armifu trsd K;orD;ESp fa<mufud k ae7mtvJ

cd ki f ;onf? a':cifarpd k ;csufcsi f ;yi f' l ;wkwfum zifaxmifIuke f ;onf?

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a':cifarpd k ; pkwfoyfumnnf;<lonf? _yD;awmh ig;csufaqmih fvd k ;onf?

oif;oif;_zLu a':cifarpd k ;>zifjuD;ab;em;wGif aqmif hajumif hxd ki fum

187

ae7m<lxm;onf? aqmi f hv d k ; _y D ; p d k ; armi fuvD ;q G Jx kw fv d ku f7m

oif;oif;_zLutvdkufodpGmyif yg;pyfESi f hi H kIpkyfay;onf? pd k ;armifonf

a':cifarpd k ;>apmufywfESif h oif;oif;_zL>yg;pyfwd k hud k wG JumtoHk;cs

vd k ;7if; t7om<l_yefonf? rde f ;rESp fa<mufrSmawmh wudk<fvH k ;@ S d

aoG;om;awGqla0aygufuG Jvkrwwf_zpfum tjudrfaygif;ra7rwGufEd li f

awmhavmufatmifudk Ø_yD;×aeju7avonf? pd k;armifuawmh okwfrxGuf

ao;? xdef;xm;Ed li fqJ? tcs de fqG Jum tyDvd k;Ed li faompd k ;armif>tpGrf;ud k

a':cifarpd k ;E Si f hoif;oif;_zLwd k hE Sp fa<muf vufzsm;cg7v#uf t_ywfud k

p G JrufoGm;juavawmhonf?

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xdk;xnfhum uvday;rSKrs d K;vkyfonf? xdk h_yif vD;pkyfay;7oloif;oif;_zL>

ptd k0ud kvnf; vSrf;uvdxd k;onf? rdef;rESpfa<mufvH k; zif<m;usdus d

_zpfatmif zefwD;ay;onf?

xd kaemufrSm vd k ;cef;ud kc^em;um t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyfud k<lI

trs d K;orD;ESp fa<mufud k zGif h _yonf? trsd K;orD;o@kyfaqmifwa<muf>

zifud k Zmwfvd kufuvD;xd k ;oGi f ;umvd k ;ae_y D ; zifc Haeaomtrs d K ;orD ;

o@kyfaqmifu useftrsdK;orD;o@kyfaqmifwa<muf>apmufywfudk7ufum

zifaygufxJod k h bd ki fba7wmxd k ;xnf huvday;aeonf hy H kr sm; _zp fonf?

188

onfyH kawG_y_cif;>7nf@G<fcsuf bm_zpfrnfud k7 dy fr dem;vnfaejuaom

a':cifarpd k ;E Si f hoif;oif;_zLwd k hr Sm ajumufovdkvd kvnf;_zpf| pdwfvnf;

vSKy f@ Sm;um wrs d K ;juD;_zpfvmjuonf? xd kt_ymyH krsm;ud ktjunfhc d ki f ;

_yD;aemuf pdk;armifu oif;oif;_zLESifha':cifarpdk;wdk hudk ckefwef;vsm;@Snfav;

@S d7modk hac:oGm;onf? bdkifba7wmudkvnf;aumuf<lum oif;oif;_zL>

vufxJtyfonf? onfavmufqd k xkwfa_ymp7myifrvd kyg? oif;oif;_zL

zi fvd k ;t7ifc H7v#uf a':ci farp d k ;ud k apmufywf7uf| zi faygufud k

bd ki fba7wmESi f hxd k ;uvdvky fay;awmhrnf _zp fajumi f ; oabmayguf

em;vnfjuonf?

Þ [dk- -[dk- -zif- -zifcsrvd k hvm; [if ß

oif;oif;_zLu toHwkefwkefav;ESif har;onf?

Þ at;- -rif;ud k t7ifzifcsr<f? rif;u q7mrapmufywfud k

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a_ymif;zifvd k;r<f- - ß

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>zifom;rsm;ud k vufwbufpDESi f h _y d Ki fwlud ki f!Spfonf? zi f 0cy f _ y J _ y J

189

av;_zpfoGm;atmif zifom;rsm;ud k _z Jr S Kav;vnf; rodromvkyfonf?

q7mrESif hausmif;olav;wd k h 7ifvd S Kufzd karmum| zif<m;ovdkvd kvnf;

_zpfaejuyg_yD? olwd k honf zifvd k ;vnf;cHjunfhcsi fonf? ajumufvnf;

ajumufaejuonf?

Þ emrSmvm;[if- -usrajumufw<fq7m7<f ß

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'gr Sq7mrapmufywfud k oif;oif;_zLukef;7ufay;7wm tqifa_yrSm-

- ß

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ud kp d k ;armif_zpfrSe f;odaomfvnf; @Suf@G H hr S Kawmh r@S dawmhyg? zifcscH7awmh

190

rSmrd k h pdwfvSKyf@Sm;aejurSKawmh @S daejuayonf? rnfodk h _zpfap| a':cifar

pd k ;a7m| oif;oif;_zLyg q7mudkp d k ;armifud k rvGefqefEd li fju? <aeh

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p G Jrufaejuav_yDr d k h onft7omrsm;ud kay;aom q7mud kp d k ;armi f>

appm;or# olwd k hvd kufemjuzd k h toif h@ S daejuonf?

a' :ci f arp d k ;on f oi f ;oi f ; _ z Lu d kwc su f jun f h _ y D ; aemu f

pd k ;armifapcd ki f ;onfhtaetxm;twdki f; aeay;vd kufonf?

Þ oif;oif;_zLu ckefa_c7if;rSm7yfvd kuf? a@S hukef;_yD; q7mr

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apmif hju- - ß

pd k ;armifu Tod k ha_ym_y D ; cyf _re f _re fav#mufxGufoGm;onf?

trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufrSm Øzifvd k ;qD×qd kaompum;ajumif h 7ifawG'de f;ueJ

c ke fum zifaygufrsm;vnf; tvdkvd k@ S H K hoGm;r djuonf? t_ym0wÔKrsm;

zwfxm;juolr d k h zi fvd k ;aomtcg qDqGwf7ajumi f ;odaejuonf?

zi fvd k ;qDqd kwm b<fvd kr sm;ygvJ[kvnf; (r de f ;rwd k hobm0twd ki f ; )

191

odvdkp dwfav;awGu @S daejuav7m pd k ;armifoGm;<lonfud k vd kufjunfh

juonf? pd k ;armifu oGm;wd kufaq;bl;awmif hvd kvd kbl;av;ud k oGm;<l

onf? xdkbl;av;rSm zifvd k ;aomtcgwGifokwfvdrf;7ef txl;pyg<f@S<f

qDwGif_yKvkyfxm;aom Øau0d ki f~s<fvD×bl;_zpfonf? au0d ki f~s<fvDonf

zifvd k;aomtcgwGif vD;t0iftxGufacsmapEd li fonfht_yif tvdk;cHaom

zifaygufud kvnf; <m;usdus dE Si f ht7om_zpfap7ef vS H K haqmfzefwD;ay;Ed li f

onf? zif<m;aeaponfhtpGrf;owWd@ S donf[kyif qdkEd li fonf?

Þ vm- -oif;oif;_zL- -rif;zifaygufrSm zifvd k ;qDokwfay;

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yd kz Dvif7w<f? ukef;_yD;zif_zJay;xm;- -qDaumif;aumif;qGwfay;r<fß

ud kp d k ;armifu au0d ki f~s<fvDbl;awmif h<lvm_yD;aemuf oif;oif;

_zLud ka_ymonf? oif;oif; _zLrsufE Smav; 7JueJ_zp fonf? od k haomf

ud k<fud ka@ S hod k hcy fuke f ;uke f ; _yKum vufuav;ESp fbufaemufypfv#uf

rdrd>zifom;_crf;ESpfckud kud ki fv#uf zif_zJay;vd kufavonf? udkpd k ;armifu

au0d ki f~ s<fvDbl;awmif htzH k ;ud kz Gi f hum ~s<fvDrsm;ud k oif ;oif ; _zL

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oi f ;oi f ; _zLr Sm _r dwfolrav;_zp fum tom;ta70g0i f ;p d ka _yonf?

zi fom;rsm;uqd kv#i f az G ;um0i f ;Iaeonf? ptd kaygufav;uvnf;

192

vwfqwfaomjuufr'ef;rqDzl;vd k plwlwl| tqD_ynf h _ynf h _zpfonf?

qG J _z Jxm;onfhwd ki f zifaygufonf _yJtmvefrae? usOf;usOf;av;ESif h

[wwav;om_zpfonf? vdk;7v#if wif;juyfpD;yd ki faeonfhzifaygufrd k h

ud kp d k ;armift_ywfcd kufIaeonf? !Spfcsvd kufaomqDwd k honf ptd kayguf

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onf? ptd kaygufay:usaom au0d ki f~s<fvDtqDwd k honf zifacgif;ayguf

xJod k hvnf; <dkp D;p dr f h0ifusonf? au0d ki f~s<fvD>ES d K ;qGaphaqmfrS KowWd

uvnf; csufcsif;_yum| oif;oif;_zL>zif0 <m;usdus d _zpfonf?

ckefwef;vsm;juD;ay:wGif tdyfv#ufom;@S daeaoma':cifarpd k ;onf

oi f ;oi f ; _zL>zi f0wGi f qDokwfvdr f ;aey H ku d k acgi f ;av;axmi fum

vSrf;junfhaeonf? junfh7if; tonf;<m;um| 7ifwkefyef;wkef_zpfonf?

r dr dzi fvnf; onfvd kr s d K ;qDokwfc H7v#i f b<fvd k@ S drnfenf;[kvnf;

tawG;rsm;um pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

udkpd k;armifu oif;oif;_zL>ptdkaygufxJ vufcv<fxdk;xnfhum

wpf_yLwpf_yLvkyfay;vd kufavao;onf?

Þ td k;- -q7m7J h? <m;w<f@Sif h- -bmvkyfwmvJ ß

193

ziftES d kufcH7aomoif;oif;_zL cg;av;wGef humar;onf?

Þ zifxJvD;xd k;oGif;wJ htcg vD;0ifvrf;ajumif;zGi f hay;wwfatmif

zif0ud k uvday;wmyg? zifrvd k;cif tJvd krs d K ;zif0ud k uvday;7w<f?

rSwfxm;- - ß

Þ td k;- -rSwfrxm;Ed li fygbl;- - ß

c^tjumwGif ud kp d k ;armifuau0d ki f~s<fvDbl;ud kud ki fum

q7mra':cifarpd k ;tem;od k h a7mufvmonf?

Þ zifrSm qDokwf7atmif? aygifjuD;awGaxmif_yD; zifcyfjuGjuG

vkyfvk duf- - ß

ud kp d k ;armifu a_ymonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;vnf; rsufESmylyl

x lx l _zp fo Gm ;7onf? od k h aom f ud kp d k ; armi fc d k i f ;onf htwd ki f ;awm h

vkyfay;onf? aygifjuD;awGaxmifum zifjuD;juGay;onf?

Þ zif_zJay;7tkef;rvm; ß

194

oif;oif;_zLud k<fwd ki f zif_zJay;7onfud kowd7um ar;rdonf?

_yD;rS @Sufovdk_zpfum rsufESmjuD;7JoGm;onf?

Þ 7w<f? uÈefawmh fzmom_zJ_yD; qDokwfr<f? zifjuD;juGae

atmifom aygifjuD;awGudkaxmifay;xm;? [kwf_yD- -[dk oif;oif;_zLu

q7mrzi fay gu fu d k bd ki fba7wme J hx d k ;w J htc gr Smvnf ; tJ' Dv d kr s d K ;

aygifaxmif| zifjuGay;vd kufaemf? rarhapeJ h- - ß

Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- - ß

udkpd k ;armifu rdrd>nmbufvufcv<fay:odk h au0d kif~s<fvDqD

rsm;udk tawmfrsm;rsm;!Spfcsonf? a':cifarpdk;>zifaygufudk b<fvuf_zifh

ud kifum_zJonf? zif_yJoGm;7m a':cifarpd k;ouf_yif;@SLrdonf? vufcv<f

ay:@ S dq Dr s m ;u d k zi fay gu fw Gi fo kw fv dr f ;onf ? zi fac gi f ; ay gu fx J

vufcv<fxd k;oGif;um vSnf hywfyGwfonf? cifarpd k ; cg;wvSKyfvSKyf |

zifw<rf;<rf;ESi f h yg;pyfrSvnf; wtif htif h _rnfwrf;ae7@Smonf?

oif;oif;_zLonf rdrd>q7mrzifaygufwGif qDokwfvdrf;uvdae

yH kwd k hud k ud k<fud ki f ;Iyif aoaocsmcsmjunfhonf? onfzifaygufxJ

bdkifba7wmxdk;uvd7v#if tyDudkvkyfypfvdkufrnf[k pdwfxJujudwfum

195

usH K ;0g;aeavonf?

Þ 7_yD- -csjupd k h- - ß

q7mra':cifarpd k ;>ptd kwGif qDususeeokwfvrf;ay;_yD;aemuf

ud kp d k ;armifu a_ymonf?

Þ q7mhvD;rSmaum qDrokwfawmhbl;vm; ß

oif;oif;_zLu a_ymonf?

Þ rif;wd k hzifaygufESp fc kvH k ; qDawG@$ Jp d kaeatmif okwfxm;_yD;_yD

y J? wd k h qDvdrf;p7mrvd kawmhygbl;? zifcsvd k h 7yg_yD? vm- -ukef;av

- - ß

Þ [m- -q7mhvDrSmvnf; qDokwfvd kufygtkef;? 'grS yd kt0if

acsmwmayg h? vmyg q7m7<f? usr okwfay;yg hr<f ß

udkpd k ;armifvnf; _iif;raeawmhyJ qDtokwfcHonf? oif;oif;_zL

rSm zifvd k ;v#ift7rf;emrSmud kawG;ajumufaeol_zpf7m (qD@$ J@ $ Jokwfv#if

196

zifvd k ;7mY t0ifacsm_yD; | temoufomonf[k t_ym0wÔKpmtkyfrsm;

xJwGifa7;xm;onfud kvnf; zwfzl;aomajumif h) ud kp d k ;armif>vD;ud k

qDaumif;aumif;okwfvdrf;ay;onf? vuf_zif hy<fy<fe<fe<fud ki fwG<f

yGwfoyfum ES H hpyfatmifvkyfonf? xdk h _yif zifvd k;ae7if; juyfodyfaev#if

qDxyfokwf7e fvd kaumi f ;vd krnf[kawG ;um Øzi fvd k ;qD ×b l ;awmi f hu d k

vufwurf;tuGmwGifyif xm;onf? _yD;r S rdrdzifud kq7mud kp d k ;armif

vdk;Ed lif7ef ukef;ay;avonf? a':cifarpd k;>a_c7if;wGif7yfum udk<ftay:

yd kif;udk ukef;cs_cif;_zpfonf? oif;oif;_zL>rsufESmonf q7mra':cifarpd k;

>aygifcGjum;od k h wcgwnf;wef;Iusa7mufoGm;onf?

oif;oif;_zLu q7mra':cifarpd k ;>apmufywfud k avwcsuf

zl;ueJrS Kwfonf? _yD;awmh v#m_zif hwcsufukef;I7ufonf? a':cifarpd k ;

Øtif h[if h ×[ktoHav;_yKum zifjuD;vSKy fcg<rf;onf? xd ktcs de fr Smyif

p d k ;armi fu aumifrav;>zifom;_cr f ;juD;ud k b<fvuf_zi f hud ki fum

qGJ_zJ_yD; qDtyDokwfxm;aomptdk0wGif olhvD;acsmif;juD;udk nmvuf_zif h

ud ki fum awhaxmufvmonf? zifvd k ;awmhrnfrd k h oif;oif;_zLvnf;

tHav;wif;wif;judwfum toufatmif hxm;vd kufonf? zifxJvD;juD;

xd k ;oGif;v#if b<fvd kaervJ[k pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;7ifcke fp Gmapmif hvif haeonf?

emrnfud kawmh odygonf? emrSmud kvnf; ajumufonf? zifuvnf;

t_ywfudk<m;ae7m| emrSmajumufonfhwdkif zifxJvD;xdk;oGif;wmudkawmh

197

cHjunf hc si fonf? pd k ;armi fu tm;tenf;i<fxnf h _y D ;z doGi f ;vd kuf7m

zifaygufESif hvD;wd k hwGif au0d ki f~s<fvDrsm;pd k@ $ Jacsmusdaeatmif okwfvdrf;

xm;onf haus ;Z l ;a jumi f h 'p f _y Jve f ju D ; zi fay gu fx Jo d k h av#mue J

wd k ;0i fonf?

odk haomf vD;'pfjuD;u pHcsdefvGefqdk7avmufatmif juD;rm;wkwfcdkif

vS_yD; oif;oif;_zL>ptdk0u usOf;usOf;ao;ao;i<fi<fav;_zpfay7m

zifxJvD;'pfjuD; rqef hr_yJwd k ;0ifvmrSK'^fud kawmh _rdwfolrav;c_rm

ememjuifjuifyifc H7@Smavonf?

Þ AspfbkbkbGyfAspfAspf- -trav;av;- -emw<f- -emw<f?

aoyg_yD@Si f h- -odyfemwmyJ- -r7bl;- -tm; r7awmhbl;? - -

tm;tm; tm; ß

oif;oif;_zLatmf[pf7if; a':cifarpd k ;>aygifjum;tyfv#ufom;

_zp faeaomacgi f ;yi f armhwufonf? apmufywfuke f ;7ufay;z d k hvnf;

owdr7awmh? emvd kufwmuvnf; ra_ymygESi f hawmh? olr>ptd kayguf

xJod k h rD;pjuD;wckxd k ;odyfxnfhvd kufonfhES<f ylavmifus de f ;pyfwpfqd k h

emjuifaeavonf? olrzifvd k ;c Hae7onf hae7monf aqmufvufp

oH k ;xyfausmif;aqmiftay:qH k ;xyf_zpfum ausmif;0if;axmif hbufwGif

198

oD;oef hvd k@ S dv#uf t_cm;aomausmi f ;olausmi f ;om;rsm; pd kufys d K ;a7;

vufawGhvkyfae7mpdkufcif;rsm;ESif hvnf; tvSrf;a0;aeIomawmfawmhonf?

zifxJvD;oGif;rS K'^fajumif h oif;oif;_zLatmf[pfaomtoHu tawmfud k

us<favmifp l;@ Sonf?

acsmi f ;junf haejuaomaumifav;ESp fa<mufyif vef h _ze f hum

wa<mufvufud k wa<mufud ki fr djuavonf? a':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf;

tawmfav; wkefwkefvSKyfvSKyf_zpfonf? olrtae_zifh emjuifrSK'^fajumifh

@ S H K hr J haeaomoif;oif;_zL>rsufESmtrlt7mud kyg aumif;aumif; _rifawG h

aeonf? zifxJod k hvD;xd k ;oGif;onfh'^fu t7rf;ud kemjuifajumif;vnf;

aumi f ; aumi f ; ju D ; e m ;vn fon f ? r jumr Do l ru d k< fw d k i fvn f ;

onfvD;acsmif;juD;ESi f h zifaqmfwmudkc H7tkef;rnf_zpf7m oif;oif;_zL>

t_zpfajumif h xdwfvef h7i fz d kum| ajumufp dwfawGvnf;y d kvmonf?

wcsdefwnf;rSmyif (bmajumifhrSef;awmh rodwwf?) onfvdkememjuifjuif

_zpf7rS Kud k vd kvm;wrf;wonfh7rufpdwfwrs d K ;uvnf; xl;xl;_cm;_cm;

ay:vmavonf? apmapmu oif;oif; _zLwcsufuke f ;7ufay;c J honf h

t@S de f _zif h a':cifarpd k ;>apmufywfrSmvnf; vSKyfvSKyf@ G@ G _zpfIaeav_yD?

z i fx Jv D ;x d k ;o G i f ; c H 7I em jui fv S r S K a jumi f h oi f ;oi f ; _ z L r S m

acgi f ;armhwufum apmufywfr7ufay;E d li fatmif@ S dae7m apmufywf

t_ywf<m;vm;aoma':ci farp d k ;onf ud k<f hapmufywfud k<fy<fy<f

199

e<fe<fyif vufESif hxd k ;ES d Kufuvdaerdavonf?

zifxJvD;xd k ;oGif;aomtcg zifvd k ;c Hol (rde f;r_zpfap| rdef;r@Sm

_zpfap)wd k h rcs drqef hatmf[pfju_rJyif? xd kod k hatmf[pfoHu zifvd k ;ol

a<mufsm;tzd k h 7rufrD;[kef;[kef;xatmif vSHK haqmfzefwD;rSKvnf; t_ynfh

@ S daeonf? q7mud kp d k ;armifonf rdr dzifvd k ;aeaomausmif;olrav;>

ememjuifjuifatmf[pfoHud k em;axmift7omcH7if ; zifxJod k hvD;ud k

y d k0ifatmif xd k;oGif;onf? ptd kaygufxJod k h vD;'pfjuD;_rKyf0ifoGm;_yDr d k h

zifquf_zJxm;7efrvdkawmhovdk vD;udkvufESif hudkifumxdef;xm;ay;zd k hvnf;

rvd kawmh? tm;oGm;aomvufESp fbuf_zif h wynfhrav;>cg;usOfusOf

av;ud k !Syfud ki fonf? zifud kaemufod k haumhvmatmif qG J<lonf?

vD;acsmif;juD;ud kvnf; zdIzdIxd k ;oGi f ;onf? juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaom

vD;acsmi f ;xGm;xGm;juD;onf usO f ;juyfaomzifacgi f ;aygufav;xJod k h

wpfIwpfIwd k ;0ifonf?

Þ Aspfyvpfbkbk- -tm; emw<f- -emw<f- -bGyfbkbk- -

rvkyfygeJ hawmh? _yefxkwfyg@Si f h- -t7rf;juyfaewm- -bGyfbGyf- -

tm; tm;- -r7bl;qd k twif;oGif;aewmyJ- -bGyfbGyfAspfbkbkbGyf

tm;tm;- -zifuGJvdrf hr<f@Sif h- -emw<f- -odyfemw<f- -oem;ygtkef;

q7m7<f- -zifrcsygeJ hawmh- -emvGef;vd k hyg- -aovdrf hr<f odvm;

200

tm;tm;tm; tm;- - ß

usO f ; juyfwpfqd k haeaomfvnf; au0d ki f~ s<fvDrsm;p d k@ $ Jatmi f

okwfvdr f ;xm;onf ht_yif pd k ;armifuvnf; zifvd k ;7mwGi f txmus

uÈr f ;usi faeo lr d k h z dx d k ;c sv d ku fw d k i f ;v D ; ju D ;onf oi f ;oi f ; _zL>

zifaygufxJ wpfIwpfIwdk;0ifonf? ptdk0rSm wif;a_ymifum tom;ukef

_yJvefaeonf? oif;oif;_zL>atmf[pfnnf;wGm;oHrsm;uvnf; aomaom

nHatmifay:xGufaeonf? wckqef;onfrSm oif;oif;_zLonf t7rf;

emjuifum id k<k datmf[pfnnf;wGm;aeaomfvnf; tajumuftuef

twif;@kef;uefxGuf_cif;awmh rvkyfay? zifukef;ay;xm;onfhtaetxm;yif

rysuf? emIatmf[pfaeonfhwd ki f olr>7rufqENaoG;om;awGuawmh

emjuifrSK_yGef;onfh zifvd k;cHrS KzDvift7omudk aumif;aumif;juD;ESpfouf

cHpm;ae7av_yD? zifZdrfawGhum t_ywfØa[mh×vmzd k hvnf; bmrSra0;awmh?

'Dtxmudkem;vnfaom q7mudkpd k;armifu ausmif;olrav; b<favmuf

atmfatmf| vD;ud kz dIom xdk;oGif;aeonf? vD;yd k0ifoGm;av| usOf;juyf

pD;yd ki faomzifacgif;ayguf> qGJ!Spfpkyf<ltm; yd kc Hpm;7avESif h q7m

udkpd k ;armiftzd k h zDvift7omu aumif;onfxufyd ky d kaumif;vmaeonf?

aemufqH k ;awmh vD;acsmi f ; ;juD;wacsmi f ;vH k ; oif;oif ; _zL>

zifaygufav;xJod k h tqHk;wd ki f0ifoGm;avonf?

201

Þ rif;zifxJ vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;_yD? b<fvd kaevJ oif;oif;_zL ß

0i foGm;aomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;wacsmi f ;vH k ;ud k zi faygufxJz duyf

xd k;pdrfum vD;ESif hptd ktxmusoGm;atmifvkyfxm;7if; q7mudkpd k ;armifu

wynfhrav;oif;oif;_zLud kar;onf?

Þ emw<f q7m7<f? odyfemwmyJ@Si f [if h[if h[if h ß

zifxJwGifwpfqd k h _ynfhjuyfum t7rf;usdef;pyfIemvSaomajumif h

oif;oif;_zLu id k@ S d Kuf7if;_yefa_z@Smonf?

Þ zifqufcsvdkh _zpfyghrvm;[if- -_yefxkwfvdkufygvm; q7m7<f?

odyfemaew<f@Sif h ß

Þ 7ygw<fuGm? zifxJvD;0ifoGm;_yD;7if aemufyd ki f ;r Sm t7om

awGcsnf;yJ? rif; odyfud koabmusrSm aocsmw<f ß

Þ [m- -onfavmufemaewmjuD;ud k b<fvd kvky ft7om

awGhr SmvJ- -zifuG JoGm;_yDxifyg7J h- - ß

202

Þ ruGJygbl;uG- -pdwfcsyg? c^av;om atmif hc H? [kwfvm;?

aygifav; eJeJuGvd kuf- - ß

Þ bmvkyftkef;rvd k hvJ- - ß

Þ apmufywfyGwfay;rvd k h- - ß

Þ [m- -q7muvJ? emygw<fqd kr S- - ß

ud kp d k ;armif>nmvuf aygifjum;od k hE S d Kufvm7m oif;oif;_zL>

aygi fwe fr sm ; tvd kvd kuGoGm;onf? ud kp d k ;armi fu aumi frav;>

apmufywfud ktky fud ki fum cyfjurf ;jurf ;yi fuvdonf? cg;ud kvnf;

wvSKyfvSKyfvkyfI zifxJ0ifaeaomvD;ud k zdjudwfvd k;ay;onf? vD;onf

zifaygufxJwGif xdodyfvd kuf| [dkwd k;vd kuf| onfar$vk dufESif h wodrf hodrf h

vSKyf@ Sm;onf? oif;oif;_zL wtif htif h _zpfvmonf? emaeaomfvnf;

t7omuawmh t@S de ft[kef_yif;_yif;v$rf;rd k ;vmav_yD?

Þ q7mr apmufywfud k7uf | zi fac gi f ;x J bd ki fba7wm

xdk;vkyfay;vd kufav? rif;zifud k aumif;aumif;vd k;ay;r<f- - ß

203

aumifrav;t7omawG hvm_yDud k 7dy fr daomq7mud kp d k ;armifu

vSr f ;a _ymonf? tzkwfud kqufIuvday;7i f ; zi fay gufxJr Sv D ;ud k

wvufr| ESpfvufravmufqG JxkwfI zdzdaqmif hum zifp,vd k;onf?

oif;oif;_zL odrf hodrf hc ke fvmonf? olr>acgif;vnf; atmufod k h _yefus

on f ? q7mra' :ci f a rp d k ;>apmu fyw fu d k u su s ee7u fon f ?

zi faygufud kvnf; bd ki fba7wm_zi f hxd k ;ay;onf? a':ci farp d k ;vnf;

(apmapmu pdk;armifoif_ya_ymqdkxm;onfhtwdkif;) aygifwefjuD;ESpfacsmif;

axmifI wifyg;qH kjuD;aumhjuGay;onf? ckefwef;@Snfay:wGif [efcsuf

usap7ef zifom;juD;rsm;atmufrS vuf0g;_zif hud ki fum wGef;Ixdef;xm;

ay;onf? oif;oif; _zLonf q7mr>zifaygufxJud k bd ki fba7wm

xdk;xd k ;xnfhaeonf? ppcsif;awmh bd ki fba7wmxdyfzl;yd ki f ;avmufom

wpf _yLwp f _yL _zp fatmi fx d k ;onf? a':ci farp d k ;c HE d l i fr Se f ;o daomtcg

yd kIzdz dxd k ;oGi f ;onf?

pd k ;armifuvnf; vD;ud kw0ufausmfausmfavmufqGJxkwf_yefoGif;

E Si f h oif;oif;_zL>zifud k cyfjurf;jurf;vd k ;aeonf? rdrdzifxJwd k ;0if

_ye fxGufvS Ky f@ Sm ;aeavaomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;E Si h f tcsufud kufnDatmi f

oif;oif; _zLu a':cifarpd k ;>ptd kaygufud k xd k ;uvday;aeavonf?

bd ki fba7wmu q7mudkpd k ;armifvD;avmuf juD;rm;wkwfcd ki f_cif;r@S donfh

twGuf rdrdzifvd k ;c Hae7onfhxdawG hr S Kz Dvifrs d K ;ud kawmh q7mr7@S dc Hpm;

204

7rSmr[kwf[k em;vnfonf? b<fvdkyif_zpfap| a':cifarpd k ;tzd k hr Smawmh

7ufay;aeaomapmufywft7oma7m| bd ki fba7wmESif hxd k ;uvdaeaom

ptd kayguft7om@S daeonf? xd k h _yi f oif ;oi f ; _z Kud kzi faqmfae7mr S

ay:xGufvmaomtoHyvHrs d K ;p H kwd k hud k jum;ae7rSKuvnf; t7omwrsd K;

xl ;aeonf? acsmi f ;junf haejuonf haumifav;E Sp fa<muftzd k hvnf;

wu<fhud k junfhvd k haumif; | t7omawGh | tm;vH k ; td kaurSmpd ka_y

aejuonf?

t@S de f7vmaomtcgpd k ;armifu oif;oif;_zLzifud kcyfjurf;jurf;

aqmif hvd k ;7if; q7mra':cifarpd k ; | tzkwf7uf| zifuvdcHaeyH krsm;ud k

junfhonf? xd ktcg vd ktyfcsufwckud k _rifonf?

Þ [- -oif;oif;_zL? bdki fba7wmcvkwfud kz Gi f hvd kuftkef;av?

'Dtwdki f;juD; xd k;uvdaewmudk;- - ß

Þ [if- -b<fvd kcvkwfzGi f h7rSmvJ? cvkwfu b<frSmvJ ß

oif;oif;_zLa7m| q7mra':cifarpd k;yg bdkifba7wmudk <ckrSom

_rifzl;udkifzl;juonf? b<fvdkoHk;7wm rodovdk| cvkwfawGbmawGvnf;

em;rvnfyg? xdk;uvdzd k havmufom odaejuonf?

205

Þ atmufa_cu t7pfav;ud kvSnf hvd kuf? [kwf_yD- - ß

q7mud kp d k ;armi fa_ymonf htwd ki f ; bd ki fba7wmatmufa_c@ S d

t7pfav;udkvSnfhvd kuf7m Øuvpf×qdkaomtoHav; cyfwd k;wd k;_rnfonf?

cvkwfy Gi f hoGm;onf htwGuf bd ki fba7wmuvnf; wke fcgIvmonf?

wkefwkef | wkefwke_zpfaeaombdki fba7wmESif h zifaygufud kxd k ;uvdaom

tcg y d kIxdawG hr S Kaumi f ;onf? a':ci farp d k ;t7omt7r f ;awG hum

aumhys HvS Ky fcgIvmonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -tm; aumif;vd kufwm- -xdk;xd k;- -trav;av;

xd k;xnfhprf;yg- -tqHk;0ifatmifxd k ;- -tm; aumif;vd kufwm- -

aumif;vd kufwm [if h[if h[if h ß

a':cifarpd k; zDvifwuf| t7rf;udkjurf;vmonf? zifvdk;cHaeaom

oif;oif;_zLvnf; wcsDØ_yD;×cJ h7avonf? aumifrav; wcsDØ_yD;×oGm;atmif

zifaqmfay;_yD;aemuf udkp d k ;armifu zifxJrSvD;ud kqG Jxkwfonf?

ae7ma_ymif ;awmhrnfud kodaomoif;oif; _zLvnf; ud kp d k ;armif

a _ymaep7myi frvd ky J a':ci farp d k ;>zi fay gufxJxd k ;uvday;aeaom

bd ki fba7wmud kxkwfum apmufywf7ufae7mrSvnf;c GmI rwfwwf

206

7yfvd kufonf?

Þ [ifh- -bmvdk h7yfoGm;7wmvJ- -vkyfprf;yg- -quf7ufav?

zifud kvnf; qufxd k;av- - ß

a':cifarpd k;rSmawmh zDvifawGwufaewkef;rd k h tirf;r7a_ymonf?

Þ wDcs<feJ husr ae7ma_ymif;7r<fav? tck wDcs<fzifvd k ;c H _yD;

usrapmufywfud k 7ufay;7r<fhtvSnf h- - ß

oif;oif;_zLu a_ymcsvd kufonf? onfawmhvnf; a':cifarpd k ;

onf ckefwef;vsm;@Snfav;ay:wGifyufvuftdyfae7mrS vl;vJxonf?

oif;oif;_zLu a':cifarpdk;>ae7mudk0if<lonf? a':cifarpdk;u apmapmu

oif;oif; _zLuke f ;ay;ovd k pd k ;armif>a@S har SmufwGi f zifuke f ;ay;vd kuf

avonf?

qXryd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

207

Þ tcsp fausmi f ;(6) ß

tcef;(6)

Þ q7mr zifenf;enf;_zJay;yg- - ß

ud kp d k ;armifu q7mra':cifarpd k ;ud kawmh udk<fwd ki fzift_zJcd ki f ;

onf? rdrdzifud kvd k;Ed lif7eftwGuf rdrdud k<fwdkifzif_zJay;7rnfh a':cifarpd k;

yd kIpdwf@k dif;awGxefvmonf? q7mra':cifarpdk;onf a_caxmufESpfacsmif;

ud kcyfum;um;7yfum cg;rSwqpfcs d K ;um| ud k<fta@S hy d ki f ;ud ka@S hod k hud ki f ;

csumukef;ae7mrS vufESpfbufaemufypfvmonf? rdrd>wifyg;om;juD;

ESp f _crf;ud k vufESpfbufESi f hud ki fum qGJ_z Jay;onf? qDokwfxm;onfh

vufa_ymifaeaomptd kayguf [_yJ_yJE Si f ht_yL;om;ay:vmonf?

Þ zifvd k ;r<faemf q7mr- - ß

Þ tif;- -tif;- - ß

a':cifarpd k;>toH wkefaeonf? wudk<fvHk;vnf; wkef7ifvSKyfcg

aeonf?

208

Þ zifxJvD;poGif;7ifawmh emvdrf hr<f? enf;enf;atmif hc Hyg ß

Þ t7rf;juD;awmh zdrxd k;yge J haemfq7m? _znf;_znf;oGif;yg@Si f ß

Þ rjurf;ygbl; q7mr7J h? awmuf? q7mrzifjuD;uawmh

@S<fyJAsm- -um;td0wpfaewmyJ? 'Dvd kzif00juD;rs d K ;ud k zd kufcsifaewm

jum_yDAs- - ß

a_ym7if; _zJay;xm;aoma':cifarpd k ;>zif0wGif vD;awhaxmuf

onf? a':cifarpd k; qwfueJwkefonf? toufudk atmif humxm;rdonf?

zifud kawmh yd kI_zJay;onf?

Þ zi f _z Jxm;wm z<froGm ;e J h aem f ? vD ;x d k ;o Gi f ;7i fvnf ;

quf_zJxm;- -[kwfvm;? uÈefawmfu z<fqd kr Sz<f- - ß

awhxm;aomvD;ud k zifaygufxJxd k ;oGif;rcsao;yJ cyfzdz dav;

axmufxm;v#uf udkpd k ;armifua_ymonf? xdkod k hz dzdav;axmufxm;rSKu

zifud k<m;usdus d _zpfaponfrd k h a':cifarpd k ; touf@SL_yif;vmonf?

Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ hyg- - ß

209

Þ ud ki f ;- -q7mrzifxJ vD;xd k ;oGi f ; _y D- -a[m'Dr Sm- -

bGyfAspf- - ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd k awhaxmufxm;aomvD;ud k tomtm;pd kufum

z donf? 'p fz l ;onf _z Jay;xm;aomptd kaygufud k xd k ;xd k ;vmonf?

a':cifarpd k ; 7if' de f ;' de f ;c ke fonf? xd kaemuf zdtm;wcsuf_yif;vmum

vD;'pftzl;yd ki f ; ptd kaygufxJod k hwd k ;0ifonf? 'pfwckvH k ;awmh r[kwfyg?

xdyfzl;yd kif;wvufrcGJavmufom wpfI0ifonf? ptdkayguf _yJtmvmonf?

pyfzsi f ;zsi f ;av;_zpfonf? a':cifarpd k ;>rsufESmwcsufrJ hum pkwfoyf

nnf;onf?

Þ tm; uÈwfuÈwf- -[if h ß

Þ zifxJ vD;0if7J hvm;- - ß

Þ tif;- -0ifw<f- -0ifw<f- - ß

Þ emvm;- - ß

Þ ptd k0 usde f;aew<f- - ß

210

Þ qufoGif;r<f? cHEd li fw<f r[kwfvm;- - ß

Þ tif;- - ß

Þ Aspfbkbk@SL;bGyf- -tm; emw<f- -uÈwfuÈwf- - ß

pd k ;armifu qufzdxd k ;oGif;7m vD;'pfjuD;wckvH k ; zifaygufxJ

0ifonf? vD;0ifoGm;rS KE Si f htwl zifjuD;aumhwufonf?

Þ oi f ;oi f ; _zLapmufywfu d k uke f ;7u fay;v d ku ft ke f ;av?

q7mrapmufywfud k uÈefawmfE S d Kufy Gwf_y D ; zifxJvD;tqH k ;0i fatmif

qufoGif;r<f? zifud kawmh quf_zJay;xm;- - ß

q7mra':cifarpd k ;>ptd kaygufxJ 'pfjuD;0ifoGm;atmifzdxd k ;oGif;

_y D;aemuf q7mudkp d k ;armifu a_ymonf?

a':cifarpd k ;onf vufESpfbufaemufypfum zifud kquf_zJxm;

7if;u acgif;ud koif;oif;_zLaygifcGjum;xJa7mufoGm;atmif udki f;csonf?

oif ;oif ; _zLuvnf; aygi f juD ;ud kum;I tvd kufoif haumhay;onf?

tzkwfay: a':cifarpd k;>yg;pyftyfrdonf? a':cifarpd k;u wynfhrav;>

211

apmufywfud k 7ufay;vd kufonf? xdktcs de fwGif q7mudkpd k ;armifuvnf;

q7mra':cifarpd k ;>aygi fjum;ud kvufES d Kufum apmufywfud ktky fud ki f

y Gwfonf? apmufywfyGwfay;7if; vD;ud kzifaygufxJ zdIzdIxd k;oGif;

onf? apmufywfyGwfay;aerS Kajumif h a':cifarpd k ;z Dvift_ywfae7m

zi fx Jv D ; ju D ;x d k ;o Gi f ; r S K a jumi f h emjui faeonf h a0'em'^fu d k yi f

tawmfcHEd li f7nf@S donf? xdk h _yif oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfud k 7ufay;7rSK

ajumif hvnf; q7mra':cifarpd k ;wrs d K ;p dwfvSKy f@ Sm;um zDvifqef;7@S d

aeonf ? onfv d k E S i f h u d k p d k ; armi f>v D ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;wac s mi f ;v H k ;

a':cifarpd k ;zifaygufxJ tqHk;0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ zi fquf _z Jrxm;e J h awm h ? oi f ;oi f ; _zL7 J h zi fay gu fu d kom

bd ki fba7wmeJ h xd k;uvday;vd kuf- - ß

ud kp d k ;armi fu a_ymonf? xd kaemuf a':ci farp d k ;>zi fud k

7uf7ufpufpufyif aqmif hvd k ;avawmhonf? a':cifarpd k ;r Sm vlaumif

juD;ovdk zifjuD;uvnf; 0wpfaeonf? zif00juD;rd k h ud kp d k ;armifu

!SmwmraeyJ vD;tqH k ;0i fatmifxk d ;oGi f ; _y D ;onfE Si f h cyfjurf;jurf;

aqmif hvd k ;onf? a':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf; apmapmu Ø_y D ; ×vkvk@ S daer S K

t@S de fajumif h zDvifawGwuf| 7rufawGxefaeav7m ud kp d k ;armif>

cyfjurf;jurf;zifvd k;ay;rSKud k cHEd li faeonf? qHkjuD;um aygifvH k;rsm;vnf;

212

awmif haomajumif h udkpd k ;armiftae_zif h tm;remwrf;aqmif hvd k;Ed li fonf?

a':cifarpd k ;onf ud kp d k ;armi fzi ft_ywfvd k ;aewmud k wtif htif hc H7i f ;

oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfud kvnf; tm;7yg;77ufonf? zifxJod k hvnf;

bd ki fba7wmxd k ;uvdonf? oif ;oif ; _zLvnf; t7rf ;t7omawG hI

aeonf? q7mudkp d k ;armifu okwfv$wfay;awmh7efyd ki f ; _zwfxm;onfrd k h

a':ci farp d k ;>zi fud k wtm;ud kaqmi f hv d k ;aeonf? aqmi f hc sufr sm ;

jurf;vSonf?

a':ci farp d k ; r S m qH k aumi f ;v Sum | touft@ G< fuvnf ;

vd k;Itaumif;qH k;t@G<ftyd ki f;t_cm;rd k h udkpd k ;armifjurf;oIcHaeEd li fonf?

ty Daqmi f hv d k ;wmc H7i f ; a':ci farp d k ; | oH k ;c s Do H k ;vm;yi f Ø _y D ; ×onf?

oif;oif;_zLvnf; (2)judrfØ_y D;×c J honf?

_yif;xefjurf;wrf;aomzifvd k ;r S Kud k tm;7yg;7acsmif;junfhaeju

avaom t_yifrScsmwdwfESpfa<mufvnf; b<fvd kr Srxdef;Ed li fjuawmhyJ

okwf7nfawGxGufuke fjuonf?

aemufqH k ;awmh q7mud kp d k ;armifvnf; okwfv$wfay;7onf?

a':cifarpd k ;>zifud k w7jurf;aqmif hvd k ;ae7if ; okwf7nfxGufvkvk

tcs de fod k ha7mufaomtcg zifaygufxJr SvD;ud kqG Jxkwfonf? _y D ;awmh

213

oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfud k ukef;7ufay;| pkyfay;aeaoma':cifarpd k ;>

qHyifud kud ki fum vSrf;qG J<lonf? a':cifarpd k ; | juGwufygvmonf?

oi f ;oi f ; _zL>ptd kay gufud k xd k ;uvday;aeaombd ki fba7wmvnf;

vGwfusefaecJ honf? bdki fba7wmjuD;onf oif;oif;_zL>ptdkaygufwGif

wpfvpfjuD; _zp fuse faecJ h _y D ;r S Ø_y Gwf×qd kuÈwfxGufum jurf; _yi fay:

a'gufueJusonf?

Þ 'l;axmuf_yD; acgif;armhxm;prf;- - ß

q7mudkpd k ;armifu yg;pyfrSa_ym7if; a':cifarpd k;>qHyifud kqG Jum

'l;axmuf7ufom;_zpfatmifvkyfonf? acgif;ud kvnf; qGJarmhxm;onf?

udkpd k ;armif cyfjurf;jurf;ud kifwG<fvkyfaqmifrSKajumif h a':cifarpd k;c_rm

_iif;qef7efpdwful;zd k hyif tcsde fr7? udkpd k ;armif>a_c7if;wGif' l;axmufum

acgi f ;vnf; armh7ufom;_zp fonf? okwfv$wfp_yKaeaomvD;juD;u

olr>armhaeaomrsufESmtay:em;rSm?

xd kaemuf vD;xdyfr Sokwf7nfylaEG;aEG;| cÈ Jus dus drsm; yspfueJ

yspfueJyef;xGufonf? okkwf7nfwd k h a':cifarpd k ;>rsufESmay: ae7mtEH S h

a7mufonf? a':cifarpd k ;onf a<mifIyg;pyf[xm;rd7m yg;pyfxJod k hyif

okwf7nftcs d K h0ifonf? okwf7nfeH h axmif;axmif;xonf? rdrdrsufESm

214

tES H h okwf7nfylawGyspfueJyspfueJusvmcs de fwGif a':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf;

juu fo D ; z s e f ; z s e f ;x7i f ; wc s D aumi f ; aumi f ; ju D ; Ø _ y D ; × 7 _ye fon f ?

apmu fyw fx J r S apmu f7n f jun fw d k h awmu fawmu f< d ku son f ?

oif;oif;_zLrSmvnf; onft_zpfud kvSrf;junfh7if; b<fvdkrSraeEd lifawmh?

cke fwef;vsm;ay:rS uref;uwef;cke fqif;onf? a':cifarpd k ;>rsufESmab;

em ;w Gi fuy fum ' l ;w kw fx d ki fIr su fE S marm hay;onf? aumi frav;

b<fvd kz Dvi fr s d K ; _zp fum b<fvd kqE Nr s d K ;@ S d aeonfud k em ;vnfaom

ud kp d k ;armi fu ol hv D ;ac smi f ; ju D ;u d k oi f ;oi f ; _zL>rsufE SmbufqD

vSnf hay;vd kufonf? aemufqH k;tokwft_zpfyef;xGufaom okwf7nfrsm;

oif;oif;_zL>rsufESmay: uef hvef h _zwfusoGm;avonf?

okwf7nfawGudk rdef;rESpfa<muf>rsufESmrsm;ay: yef;xkwfcsay;

_y D ;aemuf q7mud kp d k ;armifu wpf@SL;ayygpuULvdyfjuD;ud koGm;<lum

puULprsm;qG Jxkwf_zwf<lI a':cifarpd k ;E Si f hoif;oif;_zLwd k h>rsufESmrsm;

ay:rSokwf7nfawGud k okwfz<fay;onf? trsd K;orD;rsm;onf rdrdwd k h>

apmufywf| zifaygufESi f h aygif7if;aygifcse fw0d kufwGif ayusHaeaom

o kw f7n fr s m ;u d k wp f@ S L ; ayy gr s m ; _ zi f h o kw fyp foe f h pi f juonf ?

ud kp d k ;armif>vD;acsmif;juD;wGif ayusHaeonfrsm;ud kyg q7mra':cifar

pd k ;ESif hausmif;olrav;oif;oif;_zLwd k hu okwfoifoef hpifay;vd kufavao;

onf? xdkod koef hpifay;cd kufrSmyif trs d K ;orD;wd k h>vufrsm;_zif hxdawG hr S K

215

ajumif hvm;rod? q7mud kp d k ;armi f>vD;acsmi f ;juD;onf axmif;ueJ

rwfawmifIvmonf?

Þ a[m- -vD;_yefawmifvm_yD- - ß

q7mrE Si f h ausmi f ;o lav;w d k h _y d K i fw lyi fa7@ Gw fr d juonf ?

vD;_yefawmifvm_cif;onf qufvd k ;E d li fonf h (vd k ;vnf;vd k ;tke f ;rnf h)

oabmrdk h trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufwdkh>7rufpdwf@kdif;rsm;onfvnf; csufcsif;yif

E d k ;xxef _yi f ;vmjuonf? ESp fa<mufvH k ;r Sm 7rufxefjuolrsm;r d k h

0uf0ufuG Jatmiftvdk;c H7_yD;onfhwd ki f xyfvd k;rnfqd kv#if cHcsifjuao;

onf? rwif;wdrfEd li fjuao;?

Þ [J[J- -vD;awmifvmawmh bmvkyf7rvJ odvm; ß

q7mudkp d k ;armifu cyf_yH K;_yH K;a_ymonf? a_ym7if; vufuvnf;

ygvmonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;> zifqH k00wpfwpfjuDud k b<fvuf_zif h

ud ki f!Spfonf? oif;oif;_zL>Ed k htH kav;wckud k nmvuf_zif hvSrf;qG Je<f

onf? zifud ki fc H7aomq7mr| Ed k hqG Jc H7aomwynfhrav;yg Øa[mh×vm

juonf?

216

Þ cpfcpfcpf- -vkyfjuwmayg h q7m7J h ß

oif;oif;_zLu toHvGifvGifav;ESif h7<fuma_ymonf?

Þ puUif;a7mif;('kwd<tcsD) qufjuwmayg h ß

a':cifarpd k ;uvnf; r_yHK;w_yHK;a_ymonf?

Þ rif;u tvdk;cHcsifao;vd k hvm; ß

ud kp d k ;armifu oif;oif;_zL>wifyg;av;ud k tomudki fy Gwf7if;

ar;onf?

Þ [if h- -cHcsifwmayg h vd k h- - ß

aumifrav;u cyf!k!k_yefa_zonf?

Þ q7mr aum- - ß

q7mudkpd k ;armifu q7mra':cifarpd k;>aygifjum;rSapmufywfudk

217

vSrf;E S d Kuf7if ;ar;onf? tzkwfonf xdud ki fvd kufonfESi f h csufcsi f ;

azgi f ;wufvmonf?

Þ td k;- -q7muvJ- - ß

Þ a_ymprf;ygq7mr7J h? ukef;csifao;vm;- - ß

Þ [if h- -q7mvkyfcsif7if vkyfav- - ß

q7mra':cifarpdk;u acgif;av;tomiHk huma_ymonf? wu<fawmh

olrud k<fwd ki f ukef;csifaeaomfvnf;| q7mudkp d k ;armif vd k;csifonfhqEN

@S dv#ifom vdkufavsmrnfhoabmrs d K ; _yefa_zonf? q7mr enf;enf;@Suf

aeonfud k ;?

Þ q7mrvdk zifjuD;juD;| Ed k hxGm;xGm;eJ h 00_zdK;_zd K;| awmif hawmif h

a_zmi f ha_zmi f h juD;ud k uÈe fawmfu vD;awmifwd ki f ;ud kvd k ;c si faewmAs?

uÈefawmh fud ka_ymraeeJ h? tJ q7mr ukef;csifr Som uÈefawmfu vkyfvd k h

7rSm? uJ a_zprf;yg- -q7mr a7m tvdk;c Hcsi fao;vm; ß

q7mudkp d k ;armifu pum;_rd Ki f _r d Ki fE Si f h cyfyd ki fy d ki fa_ymcsonf?

218

Þ orD;uawmh ukef;zk d h7<f'DyJ? tvdk;cHcsifao;w<f ß

ESKwfoGufES Kwf7Jaom oif;oif;_zLuawmh cyf@Si f;@ Si f; xyfa_ym

vmonf?

Þ q7mr rukef;csifawmhbl;qd k7if oif;oif;ud ky J cs7rSmyJ- -

ß

ud kp d k ;armifu tom7<f7if;qd kvd kufonf?

Þ [m- -q7muvnf; ESp fa<muf@ S dwm wa<mufud ky J

csr<fqd kawmh b<faumif;r SmvJ? vkyf7i fvnf; ESp fa<mufvH k ;ud k

vkyfayg hvd k h- - ß

q7mra':cifarpd k ; xkwfa_ymvm7onf? 'gawmifrS pum;u

xdef;xde f;odrf;odrf; _zpfaeao;onf?

Þ tif;av- -ESpfa<mufvH k;cscsifwmayg h? q7mraum- -

ukef;rSmvm;- - ß

Þ tif;- -ukef;r<f- -ukef;r<f- -uJ 7_yDvm; ß

219

a':cifarpk d ;u cyfaqmif haqmif ha_ymcsvd kuf7onf? pd k ;armifESi f h

oif;oif;_zLu vufckyfyifwD;vd kufjuonf?

Þ atmf- -a_ym7tkef;r<f? uÈefawmfwd k h tckvd kaysm fEd li fjuwm

aumifav;ESpfa<muf7J haus;Zl;ajumif hAs? olwd k hvnf; ygcsifaejuw<f?

tJ'g yd k _r d Ki foGm;atmif olwd k hud kvnf;ac:vd kufr<faemf- - ß

Þ [if- -b<fuaumifav;awGvJ q7m7J h- - ß

a':cifarpd k ;u rsufvH k ;av;t0d ki f ;om;_zp fum uref;uwef;

ar;onf?

Þ 0if;r d k ;e J hwefcsi f;wd k h r[kwfvm;? tvum;? 'DaumifawG

avomus<faewm? bmr St_zp f@ S dwmr[kw fb l ; ? ususeevnf ;

rvkyfEl di fy Je J h? @$wfqd k xGufukefjuwm ß

oif;oif; _zLu rJ hum@G J hum0ifa_ymonf? onfpum;ajumif h

t_yi fuacsmi f ;junf haejuaomaumifav;ESp fa<muf tawmfrc Hcsi f

_zpfonf? oif;oif;_zLud kvd k ;7onfhtcgusrS vdrf haeatmift_ywfwG<f

ypfvdkufrnf[k pdwfxJujudwfumaw;xm;vdkufjuonf? q7mudkpd k;armif

220

rac:ao;I 0ifawmhrvm7Jao;juyg?

Þ olwd h ku toufi<f_y D ;p dwfvnf;avmaejuvd k hyg? olwd k h

dp dwfat;at;xm;| tavmwjuD;rvkyfyJ _znf;_znf;aq;aq;vSKyf@Sm;zd k h

oifay;xm;_yD;yg_yD? prf;junfhrvm; ß

oif;oif;_zLESi f hud kp d k ;armif t_yeftvSefa_ymqd kaejuyH krsm;t7

0i f ;r d k ;wd k honf oif ;oif ; _zLE Si f hv ky fz l ;c J h juaumif ;vky fz l ;c J h jurnf[k

a':cifarpd k ;tawG;aygufonf? a':cifarpd k ;r Smvnf; toufjuD;aom

rde f ;rwd k hxH k ;p H | i<f@ G<fE kys d Kaoma<mufsm;av;rsm;ud k p dwf0i fpm;r S K

@S dae7m tomyiftvdkufoifh_idrfIaevdkufonf? rdrdu eHhwefhwefhvkyfr_yyJ

olwd k hbmomp DpO fonfud k toma7mumvd kufoGm;z d k h juHxm;onf?

q7mrwa<muf_zp f7m wynf haumi fav;awGE Si f h umrpy f<Sufr S K

_yK7wm ay:wifjuD;awmhraumif;[kodaeonf?

Þ 'DaumifESp faumifu q7meJ hjudwf_yD; cGif@ k dufxm;wmudk;-

- ß

Þ 'Dvd kawmhvnf; r[kwfygbl;? olwd k hvnf; rif;vd kr s d K ;y J?

prf;junfht7omcHcsifwmayg h? rif;u ulnDvk dufygvm;- - ß

221

Þ olwd k hvkyfE d li fr<fqd k7ifawmh _zpfw<fav? tJ olwd k hu

rvkyfEl di fbl;qd k7ifawmh q7mu aumif;aumif;vkyfay;? _zpfvm; ß

Þ 7w<f? uJ- -q7mraum? b<fvd kvJ? 0if ;r d k ;wd k he J h

vd k ;csifvm;- - ß

q7mudkp d k ;armifu wdkuf@k dufjuD;ar;cs7m a':cifarpd k ;rsufeSm

juD;7Jum acgif;i H k hoGm;onf?

Þ ac:omac:vd kufyg q7m7<f? wDcs<fvnf; ygrSmyg- - ß

oif;oif;_zLu jum;0ifa_ymonf?

Þ [dkcsmwdwfESpfaumifud k ac:vd kufr<faemf q7mr ß

q7mud k p d k ; armi fu a':ci farp d k ;x Hr S pum;x Gu fvmatmi f

ar;Iomaeonf? 'guvnf; onfr de f ;rud k7rufxe f^SmjuGatmi f

ES d K ;qGenf;wrs d K ; _zpfonf? rdrdpmoifjum;ay;aeaom wynfhausmif;om;

av;E Sp fa<mufE Si f h umrpy f<Suf7rnf hu dp Pr Sm (t@ Sufuke fatmi f

enf;vrf;rs d K ;p H kE Si f h aysmfyg;jurSmuvnf; odaeonf?) q7mra':cifarpd k ;

222

twGuf pdwfvSKyf@Sm;p7m_zpfaeovdk cyf@Sif;@Sif;juD;acgif;ndwf7rSmuvnf;

tawmfcufaeygonf? r dr du oabmwlvufc Hajumi f ;ra_ymrcsi f ;

q7mud kp d k ;armifu trsd K ;rs d K ;7pfaerSmud kvnf; a':cifarpd k ;odonf?

Þ oabmygyJq7m7<f- -oabmygyJ- - ß

Þ uÈefawmh foabmqdk7ifawmh ac:vd kufr<f ß

Þ atmf- -q7mhoabmygqd kaerS? wu<fygyJ- - ß

Todkh_zifhq7mudkpd k;armifonf tcef;t_yifwGifapmifhaeavjuaom

0if;rd k ;E Si f hwefcsif;wd k hud k vSrf;ac:vd kufavonf?

onftac:udkapmif haeaom aumifav;ESpfa<mufrSm udkpd k ;armif

vSrf;ac:oHrqH k;r Dr Smyif tcef;xJod k h ta_y;tv$m;0ifvmjuavonf?

Þ [m;- -rif;wdk hu w<fwufjuGaejuwmudk;uG? ac:oHawmif

rqH k;ao;bl;? a7mufvmju_yD- - ß

ud kp d k ;armi fu qD;a _ymvd ku f7m | aumi fav;E Sp fa<mufr Sm

223

7<fusJus JE Si f h wa<mufud kwa<mufjunfhjuonf?

q7mra':ci farp d k ; acgi f ;i H k hxm;onf? oif ;oi f ; _zLuawmh

aumi f av;E S p f a<mu f>ay gi f c Gq H k r s m ;q Do d k h p l ; p d ku f jun f hon f ?

0wfxm;aomausmif;pdr f;ykqd k ;atmufrS xd k;xd k ;axmifaxmif@S daeonfud k

t7dy fta<mif _ri f7onf? ie JawG vD;awmi faejuwmyJ[kawG;um

_yH K;p dp d _zpfonf?

Þ rif;wd k hE Sp fa<muf rdef;rvd k ;csi faejuw<fr[kwfvm;- - ß

tm;vH k ;y Gi f hy Gi h fvi f ;vif ; | 7 J7 Jwif ;wif ;@ S do Gm;ap7e f7nf@ G<fI

q7mudkp d k ;armifu cyf@Si f;@ Si f;yifar;onf?

Þ [kwfuJ h q7m- - ß

0if;rd k ;E Si f hwefcsif;wd k hu pmoifcef;xJwGif_yefa_zonfhtoHrs d K ; _zif h

_y d Ki fwla_zjuonf?

Þ at;- -'DrSmvnf; rif;wd k he J hvd k ;z d k h rde f;rESpfa<muftoif h@ S dae

juw<fuG? rif;wdk hbmrSpdwfavmrjuD;eJ h? at;at;oufomeJhom vkyfju

224

[kwfvm;? udkif;a[h- -0if;rd k ;? rif;ud kt7ifar;r<f? q7ra':cifarpd k ;e J h

oif;oif;_zLwd k hE Sp fa<mufxJu b<folhud kt7ifcscsifvJ- - ß

b<fwa<mufudkvdk;7onf_zpfap| 0if;rd k;u vdk;rnfom_zpfonf?

tu<fI ESpfa<mufrSwa<mufud kom a@G;7rnfqd kv#ifawmh q7mr

a':cifarpd kud k t7ifpvky fcsi fonf? od k haomf q7mra':cifarpd k ;r Sm

olwd k hud kpmoifay;aeaom q7mrwa<mufvnf;_zpfay7m xdkq7mrudk

vd k;csifonf[kxkwfa_ymzd k hawmh ESKwfr7JyJ wGef hqkwfaeonf? olhrsufvH k;

uawmh q7mr>wvHk;wcJud k<fvH k ;juD;ud k wcsufa0hjunfhonf?

y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k;aqmf_yD;aemuf c^em;aejuaom q7mudk

p d k ;armi f | q7mra':ci farp d k ;E Si f h oi f ;oi f ; _zLwd k ho H k ;a<mufvH k ;r Sm

t0wftpm;awG_yefr0wfjuao;yg? t0wfryg| Avmudk<fvH k;wD;ESi f hom

@S daejuao;onf?

Þ rif; ta@G;7cufaewmudk;? ud ki f;'gqd k wefcsif;a_ymuGm- -

rif;u b<folhud k pcscsifvJ- - ß

ud kp d k ;armifu wefcsif;bufvSnf har;onf?

225

0if;rd k ;ESi f hpmv#if wefcsif;u ESKwfoGufonf? a_ym7Jqd k7J@S donf?

ta_ctaeud kvnf; em;vnfonf? wefcsi f ;onf 0if ;r d k ;enf;wlyi f

q7mra':ci farp d k ;ud k y d kIp dwf0i fpm;onf? @S de fvnf; @ S de faeonf?

odk haomf rdrdra_ymvdkufv#if q7mra':cifarpd k;tm;vdk;7rnfhcGif vGwfoGm;

E d l i fa jumi f ; em;vnfxm;onfr d k h q7mud kp d k ;armi far;vmonfE Si f h

r su fp dr S dw fum (tvGw fusu fxm;aompm@ Gu fx kw fv k du fovd kr s d K ; )

ta_zay;vd kufavonf?

Þ wDcs<fa':cifarpd k ;ud kyg q7m- - ß

Þ at;- -[kwf_yD? 'Dvd kr Sayg huG? [dkr Sm q7mra':cifarpd k ;

wH k ;vH k ;cÈwf_yD;om; toif h@ S daew<f? rif;uvnf; t0wfawGcÈwf_yD;

ol hqDoGm;ayawmh? tavmrjuD;eJ haemf? _znf;_znf;csif; wqifh_yD;wqif h

oGm;? [kwfvm;- -avmjuD;7if yG Jysufvdrf hr<f ß

ud kp d k ;armifu a_ymonf?

wefcsif;vnf; 0wfxm;aom@SyftuFs D | pGyfus<fESif h ykqd k ;wd k hud k

t_refcÈwfypfonf? twGif;cHabmif;bDjudKcÈwfxm;onfrd k h ud k<fwH k;vH k ;

_zpfoGm;onf? acgif;iH k haeaomq7mra':cifarpd k;onf wefcsif;ud k<fvHk;wD;

226

_zpfoGm;aomtcg aygifc Gjum;rSvD;ud k rodromvSrf;junfhr davonf?

'guvnf; rdrdud kvd k ;rnf hvD;tay: pdwf0ifpm;tm@k Houfa7mufrS K@ S donfh

r de;rwd k h>obm0_zpfygonf?

we fc si f ;>vD ;u (6)vufrce f h@ Sn fonf? ig ;r l ;v H k ;avmuf

wkwfonf? vD;ar$;av;awGu aygufump? tom;_zLaomw@kwfu_ymrd k h

vD;uvnf; _zLazG;Iaeonf? a~G;tkvHk;av;ESpfcku vD;wefatmufa_cwGif

uyfv#uf@ S daejuonf? wG Jusraeyg? q7mud kp d k ;armi f>vD;avmuf

rjuD;xGm;aomfvnf; vlys d Kaygufav;> rwfawmifaeaomi<f@G<fys d Krspf

onf hvD;acsmi f ;onf q7mra':ci farpd k ;ud kawmh pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;atmif

vky fE d li fygonf?

wefcsif;ESif h0if;rd k ;wd k honf jurf;wrf;vSaomzifvd k;rS Kud kjunfh7if;

p dw fb<fv d k r S rx de f ;E d l i f y J o kw f7n fr s m ;x Gu fu ke fc J h juaom fvnf ;

toufi<fi<f| aoG;om;ql_zd K;tm;oefcs de fr d k h rde f;rvd k ;7awmhrnf htcs de f

tcgwGif vD;awGu tm;rmeft_ynfhE Si f h tyDt_yifrwfawmifaejuonf?

okwfxGufoGm;c J h _y D ; _zp faomfvnf; vD;awG_ye fawmifvmaomajumif h

aumifav;ESpfa<muftzdk h rdrdwdk hudk<frdrd<Hkjunfonfhpdwftm;tifuvnf;

y d kaumif;vmonf? okwfxGufoGm;_y D ;v#i f vD;_ye fawmifrvmawmhy J

rvd k ;E d li f | rvky fE d li fawmh[kxif_ri fxm;c J hr SLonfvnf; yaysmufoGm;

227

av_yD?

Þ vmavuGm wefcsif;- - ß

aumifav;wGef hqkwfraeyJ oGufoGufvufvufvkyfvmEd li f7ef

tm;ay;onfhtae_zif h q7ra':cifarpk d;u t_yHK;av;_yHK;um vSrf;zdwfac:

onf? nmvuf!S d K ;ud k auG;cs Dqef hcs Dvnf;vkyfum vm7ef[ef_yonf?

7ifudktenf;i<faumhum aygifjuD;rsm;udkvnf; rodromcyfum;um;av;

vkyfonf? 7ifom;qd ki frsm;ESi f h aygifcGqH kr Sapmufywfwd k hud k aumifav;

aumif;aumif;_rifomatmif_yonf? q7mr>zdwfac:rS Kajumif h wefcsif;

yd k7 Jvmonf? olhq7mr@S d7mod k h cyfoGufoGufyifcsOf;uyfoGm;onf?

Þ 0if;rd k ;u oif;oif;_zLud kz d kufayg h? uJ rif;vnf; t0wfawG

cÈwfavuGm- - ß

q7mudkpd k ;armifu usefaeao;aomaumifav;twGuf vdk;7rnfh

taz:ud kowfrSwfay;_yD;a_ymonf? 0if;rd k ;vnf; rdrdud k<fay:rSt0wfawG

t_refcÈwfonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;onf 0if;rd k ;>vD;ud k vSrf;junfh

_zpfatmifjunfhvd kufavao;onf?

228

0i f ;r d k ;>vD;u wefc si f ;>vD;xuf tenf;i<fy d k juD ;onf?

t@Snf(7)vufrcefh@Snfonf? vHk;ywfuawmh ig;rl;vHk;xuf a<mifa<mif

av;yd kwkwfonf? tnmom;rd k h tom;rJaom0if;r d k ;>vD;acsmif;juD;u

rD;aoG;a7myif_zpfaeonf? raehwaehujunfhcJ h7aom t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyf

xJrS trs d K ;om;o@kyfaqmifuy`vDjuD;> vD;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;ud k

judwfIoabmusovdk@S daecJ honfh q7mra':cifarpd k ;r Sm 7ifxJxdwfzd kI

yifoGm;7onf? 0if;rd k ;>vD;u uy`vDjuD;>vD;avmufrjuD;aomfvnf;

ta7miftqif;uawmh twlwlr[kwfygvm;? 0if;rd k ;vd k ;wmcHjunfhcsif

pdwfawGu a':cifarpd k ;>7ifxJay:vmonf? vD;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;ud k

_rnf;prf;junf hvd konfayg h?

Þ wefc si f ;- -cy f _znf ; _znf ; wqif hc si f ;vky faem f ? bmr S

avmraeeJ h? tcsde fawG aumif;aumif;7w<f? at;aq;yJ- -[kwfvm;

- - ß

q7mra':cifarpd k ;tem;od k ha7mufoGm;aomwefcsif;ud k q7mudkpd k ;

armifu vSrf;a_ymonf? wefcsif;onf q7mudkp d k ;armifa_ymqd koif_y

ay;cJ haom rdef;rwa<mufESif humrpyf<Sufaomtcg _yKvkyf7rnfhvkyfief;

tqifhqif hwd k hud k _yefpOf;pm;onf? xdkvkyfief;pOftqifhrsm;ud k tvDaygif;

usufovd kyi f usufr Swfxm;ay7m| zsp f!Sp fpO f ;pm;z d k h rvd kawmhyg?

229

tvdkvd kyif acgif;xJay:vmonf? xd kay:vmonfhtpDtpOfrsm;twd ki f ;

wefcsif;u vdkufvkyfonf?

t7ifqHk; q7mra':cifarpdk;udk odkif;zufonf? a':cifarpdk;uvnf;

wynfhav;>7ifcGi fxJ tvkdufoif hyifwd k ;0ifonf? vlys d Kaygufav;rsm;

wGifom@S dwwfonfh oif;wif;wif;ud k<feH honf q7mrudk 7ifcke foGm;

aponf? rsufESmud ktvdkufoif harmhum ESKwfcrf;av;rsm;ud k ESif;qDzl;

av;vd k cyfplp lav;vkyfay;vd kufonf? ayG hzuf_yD;aemuf rdrdud kp ky ferf;

awmhrSmodonfhtwGuf tvdkufoif haeay;vd kuf_cif;yg? wefcsif;uvnf;

tvkdufoif harmhay;vmaom q7mr>ESKwfcrf;rsm;ud k rdrd>ESKwfcrf;_zif h

z duyfumpkyferf;onf? aumifav; tpkyfterf;odyfruÈrf;ao;?

onfawmh a':cifarpdk;uyifOD;aqmifum wefcsif;>ESKwfcrf;rsm;udk

i H kc Jp ky f<lonf? wefcsif; tvkdufoif har#mvd kufoGm;@k Hom@S donf? zduyf

pkyferf;aeaom q7mra':cifarpd k ;>ESKwfcrf;om;rsm;onf tdtdaxG;axG;

@S dvSonf[k wefcsif;xifonf? olhESKwfcrf;rsm;onf q7mra':cifarpd k;>

ESKwfcrf;rsm;tjum;wGif!SyfumygoGm;onf? r#if;Ipkyfay;7m aumifav;rSm

xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef hyif_zpfonf? 7rufaZmxefaejuonfrd k h ESpfa<mufvH k;

touf@SL_yif;aejuonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;>ESmacgif;rS xGufoufav

aEG;aEG ;rsm;onf wefcsi f ;>yg;_yifay:od k h@ k dufcwfaeovd k | wefcsi f ;>

230

xGufoufavrsm;uvnf; q7mra':cifarpd k;>yg;_yifEkEkrsm;tm; aEG;ueJ

aE G ;ueJ _zp foGm;aponf? rkqd k ;p d ki foifqd kovd k q7mra':cifarpd k ;>

pky fer f ;i H kc Jy H kud k wefcsi f ;utwk<lumvd kufvky fonf? a':cifarpd k ;>

(ud kp d k ;armi faumif ;aumif ;p ky fer f ;xm;c J h _y D ;I) ES Kwfcr f ;qd k ;aq;rsm;yi f

ysuf_y<fum yifud k<fobm0twdkif;@S daeaomESKwfcrf;rsm;ud k wefcsif;u

tm;7yg;7pky ferf;onf?

a':cifarpd k ;u wefcsif;>nmvufud kqG J<lum Ed k htH kwvHk;ay:

qG Jwifay;vd kufonf? yg;pyfpkyferf;7if; Ed k hqG J | zifyGwf| apmufywfES d Kuf

tqif hqif hvkyf7rnf[k udkp d k ;armifuoif_yay;xm;aomfvnf; wefcsif; |

ES Kwfcrf;csif;z duyfpkyferf;rS KwGifepfa_rmoGm;amajumif h Ed k hqG J7efarhovdkyif

_zpfIaeonf? a':cifarpd k ;u Ed k htH kay:vufqG J<lwifay;vd kufawmhr S

owd7um qkyfe<fonf? pdwfxaeonfrd k h Ed k hud ki fuawmh jurf;ovdk

_zpfonf? cyfwif;wif;qGJ!Spfonf? Edk htH kom;rsm;atmifhIemoGm;aomfvnf;

a':cifarpd k;tzd k h onfemjuifrSKud k a0'em[kr_rifEd lif? zDvift_zpfcH<lum

odrf hodrf hwkefonf? wefcsif;>b<fvufu a':cifarpd k;>wifyg;qHkjuD;ay:

usa7mufonf? zifom;_crf;juD;rsm;ud k ayG hud ki fyGwfonf? zifjum;rSaeI

apmufywfud k vufcv<f_zif hxd k ;E S d Kufonf? vufqrwwfaomajumif h

t7ifqHk;ptdkaygufudk xdk;ES d Kufuvdrdonf? a':cifarpd k; zifwGef hoGm;onf?

aumifav; apmufywftES d Kuf7vG<fap7ef a':cifarpd k ;u wifyg;juD;ud k

231

cyfaumhaumhvkyfum aygifjuD;ESpfacsmif;udkvnf; uGIum;ay;vdkufonf?

onfawmhr S apmufywfud kvufvSrf ;r DoGm;onf? tomxd k ;E S d Kufuvd

yGwfonf? 7ifcsif;tyfayG hzufxm;7mrS wifyg;ay:0d kufIapmufywfES d Kuf

7aomajumi f h xd@ k Huvd@ k Havmufom@ S donf? apmufacgi f ;xJtxd

xd k;ES d Kufar$_cif;rs d K ;txdawmh rvkyfEd li fyg?

232

0i f ;r d k ;E Si f hoi f ;oi f ; _zLwd k htwG J>ta_ctaeuawm h wrs d K ; ?

umrrS Kudp Prsm;wGi f qENvGe fuJ_yif;xefum vuf7JZuf7J@ S dwwfaom

oif;oif; _zLajumif h q7mud kp d k ;armi fp DpO foif _yay;xm;onf htpDtpOf

twdki f; 0if;rd k ;rvkyfEd li fawmh? tvGJvG Jtacsmfacsm fESi f h _zpfukefavonf?

oif;oif;_zLvnf; q7mra':cifarpdk;enf;wlyif t_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyf

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oabmusaecJ honf? onfvd kvD;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;ESi f hvd k ;wm cHcsif

aeonf? a':cifarpd k ;xuf7rufxefolrd k h oif;oif;_zL>qENaZmuvnf;

a':cifarpd k ;xuf yd ktm;oeft@S de f _yif;onf? 0if;r d k ;uk d<fvH k ;wD;cÈwfcs

vd kufI rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;rnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;ud k_rif7onfESif h

oi f ;oi f ; _zL>xd kaZm7rufqE Nt[ke fonf r D ;awmi fay gu fu G Jovd k

w0kef;0ke f;w'H k ;' H k ; _rnf[def;vkrwwfyif tjuD;tus<fEd k ;juGxef_yif;vm

onf? onfawmh 0if;rd k ;u bmr#rØp×7ao;? b<fvd kvSKyf@ Sm;rS Kr Syif

rvkyf7ao;? oif;oif;_zLu tmomirf;irf;| 7rufaZmxefxef| ̂ Smcd k;awG

wv#Hv# HE Si f h ~rl;@SL;xd k ;pwifvSKyf@ Sm;avawmhonf?

oif;oif;_zLonf udk<fvH k ;wD;_zpfoGm;aom0if;rd k ;ud k twif;yif

zufqG Jum ci fxm;aomzsmay:yufvuftdy fv#ufom;_zp foGm;atmi f

qG JvS Jcsonf? olu 0if;rd k ;>aygifcsefay:wufcGonf? rwfawmifaeaom

233

vD;juD;ay:wGif rdrd>apmufywftHus_zpfatmifcs de fum| tay:rScyfjurf;

jurf;zdxd ki fcsonf? wu<fhud k twdtusrSe fuefonf? vD;ud kvuf_zif h

u d ki fum xde f ;ay;xm;7e fyi frvd kay? apmufywfE Si f hv D ; tHud ku f?

wnf hwnf hrwfrwf? tay:r Sz dc svd kufr S Kajumif h vD;acsmi f ; juD ;onf

oif;oif;_zLapmufywfxJodk h w@Sdefxdk;yif tqHk;wdkif0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ bGyfbkbkAspf- -bkbGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ tm;td- -0ifoGm;_yD- -aumif;vd kufwm [if;[if; ß

Þ td k;- -b<fvd kvkyfwmvJ[- -tm; tm; ß

apmufywfxJvD;wacsmif;vH k; tqHk;0ifoGm;oH| oif;oif;_zL>

tm;7y g ;7 _rn fwr f ;o H | v D ;we fv H k ; yw fwav#mu f y lue J _ zp fum

'pfzsm;wGifppfueJemaomajumifh 0if;rd k;>atmf[pfvdkufoHwdk hu qufwdkuf

ay:vmonf? oif;oif;_zL> qGJvS J | tay:wufcG| apmufywfxJvD;juD;

0i fatmi fz do Gi f ;< l | v#i fv#i f _re f _re fE Si f hqufwd ku fvky fo Gm ;y H kw d k h r S m

oGufvufvGef;vSay7m| q7mudkp d k ;armifrSm 0if;rd k ;ud k cyf_znf;_znf;ESi f h

wqif hcsi f;vkyf7efa_ymzd k h yg;pyfom[vkduf7onf? pum;vH k;rsm;rxGuf

Ed li fy J _zpfusefc J honf?

234

vD;wefrnf;rnf;eufeufrsm;wGi f xl; _cm;aomtxdtawG hr s d K ;

@ S dwwfay7m 0if;rd k ;>vD;acsmif;rnf;rnf;juD; tqHk;wd k ;0ifoGm;aomtcg

oif;oif; _zL>apmufywfav;xJwGi f wif;juyfp D ;y d ki ftDp dr f hr S Kz DvifawG

_ynf hv#rf;oGm;onf? wudk<fvH k ; zde f;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfonf? odrf hodrf h

wke fcgonf?

Þ aumif;vd kufwm- -bGyfbkbkbGyf- -tm;yg;yg; tD;- -

aumif;vd kufwm- -bGyfbkbkbGyfbGyf- -aumif;w<f- -bGyfbkbGyf

odyfaumif;wmyJ- -bGyfbGyfbkbGyf- - ß

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z DvifawGt7rf;wufaeavawmhonf? oif;oif;_zL>ziftvSKyfjurf;rS K

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avonf? t_ywfvk d;aqmif haeonfhoabmyif?

Þ olhEd k hjuD;awGudk wtm;udkif!Spf- -Ed k hoD;awGudk cyfjurf;jurf;

235

qdwfqG Jay;- -zifud kvnf; @k dufcsay;vd kufprf;uGm- - ß

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^Smt7rf;xI ~rl;@SL;xdk;_zpfaeyHkajumifh cyfjurf;jurf;vkyf7eftaumif;qHk;

[kem;vnfum 0if;rd k ;ud kapcd ki f ;vd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?

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cy fememqG J! Sp fonf? oH k ;av;csufavmuf qG J! Sp fE d k h e<f _y D ;aemuf

Ed k hoD;acgif;av;rsm;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;qG Jqdwfonf?

236

Þ tm;- -emw<f- -tm; tm; ß

Ed k hoD;tqdwfcH7aomtcg oif;oif; _zL>yg;pyfr S atmf[pfoH

ay:vmonf?

Þ Ed k hoD;ud k qufqdwfqG Jxm;? v$wfray;eJ h? vD;ud k aumhxd k;

yif hwifaqmif hay;vd kuf- - ß

ab;rSta_ctaejunfhaeaomudkp d k ;armifu t_ref0ifa_ymonf?

oif;oif;_zLatmfoHajumif h qdwfqG Jxm;aomEd k hoD;rsm;ud k vufv$wfay;

awmhrnf_yKaeaom0if;rd k;onf udkpd k;armifa_ymovdkyif qufvkyfavonf?

aumifrav;>ED k hoD;acgif;ESp fc kud k r!Smrwm| wtm;ukefyif qdwfqG JI

xm;onf? E d k ho D ;qdwfqG Jc H7aomajumi f h tay:r Sz daqmi f haeaom

oif;oif;_zL>vSkyf@ Sm;rS K tenf;i<faES;auG;oGm;onf? od k haomf0if;rd k ;u

atmufrS _i dr fraeawmhyJ zifjuGvd kufaumhvd kufE Si f h vD;acsmif;juD;ud k

yi f hwifaqmif hvd k ;ae7m apmufywfxJvD;t0iftxGufuawmh @S d _r J@ S d

aeonf? apmapmydkif;uxuf ydkyD_yifaeavao;awmhonf? udkpd k;armifonf

wif;tdum;aeavaom oif;oif;_zL>wifyg;ud k vuf0g;ESi f hwzsef;zsef;

_rnfatmi f@ k du f@ k du fay;vd kufavao;onf? 0i f ;r d k ;u Ed k ho D ;E Sp fc kud k

wtm;qdwfqG Jxm;onf? oif;oif; _zLwtm;tm;E Si f h atmfaeqJyif?

237

odk haomf atmfoHonf emjuifIatmfrS Kr[kwfawmh? zDvifwuft7om

awG hum atm fonf h atm f[p fr S K r s d K ; _ zp fonf ? 7ruft7r f ;xe fum

umr<rf;td k ;aygufuG Jv#uf t@l;trl;_zpfaeaomoif;oif;_zLud k q7m

ud kp d k ;armi fu cyfjurf;jurf; | cyfemem| qdwfqG J@ k dufE Sufay;r S K _zi f h

z Dvif7atmif 0ifze fay;vd kuf_cif ; _zpfonf? zDvift7rf;wufaeaom

oif;oif;_zL| rjumrDrSmyif wtD;tD;wtm;tm;ESi f h wcs D Ø _y D;×oGm;awmh

rSyif ud kp d k ;armif| zif@k dufay;aewmudk7yfonf?

Þ Ed k hoD;ud k v$wfvd kufawmh? _yD;7if ol hud kvD;pky fc d ki f ; ß

judKwifoif_yay;xm;onfh tpDtpOftqifhrsm;twdkif;r[kwfawmhyJ

pnf;ysuf~Gifaysmuf_zpfukefaomajumifh q7mudkpd k;armifonf wynfhausmf

0if;rd k ;ud k teD;uyf!$efjum;rS KawG ta7;ay:ay;ae7onf? r[kwfv#if

onfaumifav; bmrSvkyfwwfrnfr[kwf?

0if;rd k ;u olhud k<fay:cGxd kifv#ufom;@S daeao;aomoif;oif;_zLudk

w Ge f ;z< fc sonf ? apmapmu E d k ho D ;q dw fq G Jxm;c J honf ht@ S d e f _zi f h

cyfjurf;jurf;yif wGef;z<fypfvd kufrdonf? _yD;r S rdrdjurf;rsm;oGm;av

ovm;[k awG;ylonf? wGef;z<fypfvd kufrS Kajumif h oif;oif;_zLab;od k h

<d kifvJusonf? apmufywfwGifwyfv#ufom;@S daeaomvD;acsmif;juD;onf

238

ØbGyf_yGwf×[ktoH_rnfum uÈwfxGufonf? uÈwfxGufaomvD;acsmif;

juD;u 0if;rd k ;>qD;pyfud k@ k dufrdoH zwfqd ktoH_rnfonf? oif;oif;_zL>

apmu fyw fx Jr Svn f ; t7n f jun faw Gv $w fue Jt Hx Gu fu son f ?

x d k i fu so G m ; aomoi f ;oi f ; _ z Lon f 7ru f c d k ; aw G a 0aeavaom

rsuf0ef;tpH k _zif h 0if;rd k ;ud kjunfhonf?

Þ vD;pkyfcd ki f;avuGm- -rif;uvJ ß

rdr dwGe f ;z<fcsvd kufonfrSm odyfrsm;jurf;oGm;ovm;[kawG;y l

aeaom0if;rd k ;uk d q7mudkp d k ;armifu xyfa_ymvd kuf7onf? onfawmhrS

ieJom;av;onf yufvuftdyfae7mrS xvmonf? oif;oif;_zLonf

yg;pyfav;ud k [vd kufonf? yg;pyfem;wd k ;uyfvmaom0if;r d k ;>vD;ud k

qD;I[yf<lum pkyfay;vd kufonf? tdaxG;aomESKwfcrf;zl;iH kav;rsm;onf

vD;wefvH k ;ywfwGif cyfwif;wif;xduyfvmrSKud k 0if;r d k ;7ifwkefp GmcHpm;

7onf? _y D ;awm h p ky fay ;v d ku fonf ht7omajumi f h aumi fav;

xd k ;xd k ;xGe f hxGe f hyi f _zpfoGm;7onf? oif;oif;_zLonf vD;wacsmif;vH k ;

y g ;py fx Jtuke f0i fatmi f i H k< lp ky fay;onf? (7)vufrce f h@ Sn faom

vD;>xdy fz l ;y d ki f ;u tmacgi fud kvmaxmufaeonf? vD;wacsmi f ;vH k ;

y g ;py fx Jtuke f0i fatmi fp ky f< lay ;ovd k v D ;u d k y g ;py ft_yi fx kw fI

v#mESif hvnf; 7ufay;avao;onf? oif;oif;_zLonf 0g7if hr de f;rjuD;

239

awGavmufruÈrf;usifao;aomfvnf; vD;pkyfay;rS Kuawmh rqdk;vSay?

0if ;r d k ; aumif;aumif;t7omawG haeonf? 0if;r d k ;onf rdr d>vD;ud k

E S Kw fcr f ;z l ;z l ;av;rsm ;E Si f h p ky fay;aer S K | e D7 Jp Gw fp d kaomv#mav;_zi f h

vSnf hywf7ufay;aerSKwd k hud k oabmuspGmiH k h junfhaeonf?

Þ olhud k zifaqmfcsifvm;- - ß

oGufvufvSKyf@ Sm;atmif vkyfay;7tkef;r Smrd k h q7mudkp d k ;armifu

0if;rd k ;ud kar;onf? aumifav;u acgif;wqwfqwfndwf_yonf?

Þ zifcscsi f7if ol hptd kaygufud k vSrf;uvday;vd kuf? _yD;7if

zifyl;awmif;axmifukef;cd ki f;- - ß

vD;p ky fvd ku f | vD ;ud k7ufay;vd ku fvky faeaomoif ;oi f ; _zLr Sm

q7mud kp d k ;armifa_ymaompum;rsm;ud k jum;ae7um| zif0<m;us dus d

_zp fvmonf? ud kp d k ;armi fzi fvd k ;xm;r S Kajumif h zi fZ dr fc Hwwfaeaom

oif;oif;_zLrSm zifcsrnfqd kvmawmh tvdkvd kp dwfvSKy f@ Sm;vm7onf?

vD ;p ky fy d k jurf ;vmonf? 0i f ;r d k ;u vD;p ky fay;aeaomoif ;oif ; _zL>

zifjuD;qD vufvSrf;vmonf? rdrdzifudk vufvSrf;rDEd lif7ef oif;oif;_zLu

wifyg;qH kjuD;tm; axmifumwdk;ay;onf? 0if;rd k ;onf zifjuD;ud kt7if

240

udki fy Gwfonf? _yD;r Sptd kaygufud k vufcv<f_zif hxd k ;E S d Kufuvdonf?

[d kt7ifwcgvkyfwke f;uvd k okwfv$wfr_refawmhonfhtwGuf auseyf

a eon f ? on fv d kta _ctaer s d K ; _ zp f 7atmi f oi f jum ;ay ; aom

q7mudkp d k ;armifud kvnf; aus;Zl;wifonf? vD;tpkyfcH7wmaumif;aomf

vnf; jumjumpkyfaev#if | okwf7nfawGxGufuke fI zifraqmf7rSm

pd k ;aomajumif h 0if;r d k ;uoif;oif;_zL>yg;pyfxJrSvD;ud k qG Jxkwfvd kuf

onf? vD;pkyfay;_yD;v#if zifvdk;cH7efukef;ay;7rnfudk oif;oif;_zLodonf?

zi fvd k ;c Hc si faeonfr d k h uke f ;ay;7e fvnf; toif h@ S daeonf? od k haomf

0if;r d k ;u tukef;rcd ki f ;ao;aomajumif h oif;oif;_zLonfrsufv$mav;

yif hum 0if;rd k ;ud kjunfhaeonf?

Þ a[haumif- -zifaqmfr<fqd k7if aumifrav;udkzifyl;awmif;

axmif_yD; tukef;cd ki f ;avuGm? wu<fyJ- - ß

ta_ymaES;aom0if;r d k ;ud k q7mud kp d k ;armifu pdwfr@Snfovd k

owday;7onf?

Þ zifyl;awmif;axmif_yD; ukef;vd kuf? zifjuD;ud k axmifEd li for#

axmif_yD; ud k<fta@S hy d ki f ;ud k _ym;aeatmif atmufcsxm;aemf- - ß

241

zifvd k ;rnfqd kv#if b<fvd ka_ymqd kukef;cd ki f ;7rnfqd k _cif;ud kawmh

ud kp d k ;armi f jud Kwifa_ym_yxm;I 0if ;r d k ;tvGwfusufr Swfxm;c J honf?

<ckvd k tvGwfusufxm;aompum;rsm;ud k tyDt_yifa_ymcsvd kuf7m

0if;rd k ; tawmfav;yiftm;yg;w7@S doGm;onf? zifcH7ef tukef;cd ki f ;c H7

avaomoif;oif;_zLtzd k hvnf; xd kta_ym| xd kpum;rsm;u 7rufx

7ifc ke fp7myg? oif ;oif ; _zLonf csufcsi f ;yi fzi fy l ;awmif ;axmifum

ukef;ay;onf? 'l;acgif;ESpfckudktm;_yKum aygifwefrsm;udkaxmifhrSefusatmif

axmifumxm;vd kufonf? udk<ftay:yd ki f ;uawmh zsmay:wGifyd_ym;us

aeatmif 0yfcsxm;ay;onf? vufESpfbufudkawmh ab;odk hqef hxkwfum

xm;onf? cg;onfaumhum zifom;juD;ESp fc kpvH k ; wpf7pfjuGaeonf?

apmufywfjuD;_yL;xGufaeovdk ptd kaygufuvnf; txif;om;?

0if;rd k ;onf plwlwlptk daygufav;xJod k h vD;wcgwnf;xd k ;oGif;

awmhrnf_yK_y D ;r S zifvd k ;awmhrnfqd kv#i f vD;roGi f ;r D ptd kaygufE Si f h

apmufywfwd k hud k7ufay;7rnf[k ud kp d k ;armifoif_yenf;ay;xm;onfud k

tr Sw f7um| oi f ;oi f ; _zL>zi f ju D ;aemufw Gi f ' l ;axmufc sonf?

zi fom;juD ;E Sp f _cr f ;u d kvnf ; qG J _z Jum| ptd kay gu fud kv#mE Si f hx d k ;I

uke f ;7ufay;avawmhonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg; tD;- -0if;rd k ;7 J h- -td ktd k [if h- -xdw<f[m?

242

zif7ufwm aumif;vd kufwm- -td ktd k- -apmufywfud kvnf; 7uf- -

[kwf_yD- -zif7<f apmufywf7<f7uf- -_yD;7if zifud ktDpdr f hatmif

vd k;ay;prf;yg[m- -trav;av; ß

zifaygufudkv#mESif hxdk;7ufum tpysdK;vdkuf_yD;aemuf ziftuGJjum;

twd k i f ;v #mu d kx dx d k ;um atmufo d k h a@ $ hIapmu fyw fu d k 7u fonf ?

xd kaemuf zifaygufqDod k h _yefajumhonf? zifaygufESi f hapmufywfwd k hud k

t_yeftvSef7ufay;onf? oif;oif;_zL xGef hxGef hvl;Iaeavonf?

243

wefc si f ;uawmh ud kp d k ;armi foi fay;xm;onf htpys d K ;r S Kr SaeI

wqifh_yD;wqif h tpDtpOftwdki f;oGm;aeavonf? q7mra':cifarpd k ;>

yg;pyfud kpkyferf;ae7mrS vnfwdkifajumhajumhrsm;udkerf;onf? v#mzsm;av;

E Si f hvnf ; xd k ;7ufonf? tomp ky fay;onf? a':ci farp d k ;uvnf;

acgif;av;armhum vnfwd ki fav;jumhaeatmifvkyfay;onf? pkyferf;

7ufay;aeaomyg;pyf w_znf;_znf;atmufod k ha@G hvmonf? Ed k hoD;rsm;ud k

p d k hay;onf? Ed k htH krsm;ud k tomiH kerf;onf? vufuawmh zifyGwfvk duf|

aygifwefjuD;rsm;ud kud ki fvd kuf| apmufywfud ky Gwfvd kufvkyfaeonf?

a':ci farpd k ;tzd k h w@S de f@ S de fwd k ;wufvmaom7rufaZmESi f htwl

z Dvift7omuvnf; wndrf hndr f hwufIaeonf? 7ifom;awGr Swzef

0r f ;y sO fom;wav#mufqif ;vmonf? qD;py fay:od h ka7mufaomawmh

apmufar$;rsm;ud kvufESif hud ki fqG Jvdrfum yg;pyfESif h@ G@Gav;pkyferf;ay;onf?

_yD;awmh a':cifarpd k ;>aygifjum;od k h wefcsif;>acgif;a7mufoGm;onf?

apmufywfud k 7kufay;pkyfay;onf? apmufaphud k o7ufaphpkyfovdkrs d K ;

tm;7yg;7iH kc Jpkyfay;7m q7mra':cifarpd k ; xdk;xd k;xGef hxGef h _zpfvm7onf?

apmufywfudkpkyfay;7ufay;7if; trsdK;orD;juD;>zifaygufudk vufcv<f

xd k ;oGi f ;uvday;avao;onf?

xd kaemufwefcsif;u rwfwyfx7yfonf?

244

Þ vD;pkyfay;- - ß

yg ;py fu a_ymvmonf? a':ci farp d k ;vnf; aumi fav;>

a_c7if;wGif' l ;axmufxd ki fum vD;ud kyg;pyfE Si f hi H kIpky fonf? wefcsi f ;u

a':cifarpd k ;>aygifjum;ud k nma_caxmufESif hvSrf;xd k ;onf? a':cifarpd k ;

vnf;txmaygufum 'l;axmufxdkifae7mrS aqmifhajumifha_ymif;xdkifonf?

[_yJ_yJapmufywfjuD;ud k a_crESif htyDxd k;uvday;onf? a':cifarpd k ;onf

vD;pkyfonfomru a~G;tkrsm;ud kyg yd ky d komompkyfay;7ufay;vd kufao;

onf?

Þ vkyfawmhrvm; [if- - ß

vD;pkyfae7mrS yg;pyfxJrSvD;ud kxkwfum wefcsif;ud karmfjunfhI

ar;onf?

Þ tif;- -cscsifae_yD- - ß

Þ b<ftaygufud k csr SmvJ? apmufywfcscsi fvm;? zi fc s

csifvm;- - ß

245

Þ apmufywfud k t7ifcsr<f? _yD;rS zifqufvd k;r<f ß

Þ wDcs<f b<fvd kaeay;7rSmvJ- -cscsifwJ hy H kp Ha_ym?

tm;remeJ h- - ß

Þ [dkcke fwef;vsm;av;ay:rSm oGm;tdyfay;yg ß

a':cifarpd k ;ud kvd k ;v#i f cke fwef;vsm;ay:wifumvd k ;7e f q7m

udkp d k ;armifu judKwifa_ymxm;cJ honf? a':cifarpd k ;vnf; rdrd>wynfh

aumifav;vd k ;wmcH7e ftwGuf cke fwef ;vsm;av;Yyufvuftdy fonf?

c k e fwe f ;vsm ;u t@ Sn fav;ayr #om@ S d 7m | wud k< fv H k ;wufIr7?

wifyg;ud k wbufpGef;wGifwifum udk<ftay:yd ki f;om ausmcstdyf7onf?

a_caxmufESpfc kuawmh atmufod k hcsI jurf;_yifay:axmufxm;7onf?

Þ aygi fjuD;E Sp facsmi f ;ud k axmifvd kufygwDcs<f? atmufr Sm

csrxm;eJ h- - ß

we fc s i f ;u o l hq7mra _c7i f ;w Gi fvm7y f7i f ; a _ymonf ?

a':cifarpd k ; | a_caxmufESpfacsmif;ud krum axmifay;onf? wefcsif;u

ol h7i fbwfE Si f h aygi fwefrsm;ud kxdtyfxde f ;onf? _y D ;awmh vD;wGi f

246

wHawG;qGwfum a':cifarpd k ;>apmufywfxJxd k ;oGi f ;onf? vD;onf

wcgwnf;yi f tqH k ;0i fonf? vD;tqH k ;oGi f ; _y D ;aemuf wefc si f ;u

q7mr>aygi fvH k ; juD ;E Sp fc kud k ususeexde f ;ud ki fum cyfjurf ;jurf ;

aqmi f hv d k ;onf? vD ;uody frjuD ;aom fvnf ; tm;oe fonf htwGuf

aqmif hcsuf_yif;onf? a':cifarpd k;| rjumrDyif wcsDØ_yD;×onf? wefcsif;u

aqmif htm;yd k _yif;ay;onf? a':cifarpd k ;z Dvifwufvmum 'kwd<tcs D

Ø _y D ; ×v kvkwGi fawm h vD ;ud kapmufywfxJr SqG Jx kwfum zi fay gufxJ

a_ymif ;xnf honf? zifud ktcsufE Sp fq<fcef h t_ywfwG<fay;vd kuf7m

a':cifarpd k ; | aemufwcs DxyfØ_yD;×onf? xdktcgwefcsif;u a':cifarpd k ;ud k

yu fvuft dy fae7mr Sxapum c ke fwe f ;vsm ;ay:av;bufaxmufI

tuke f ;c d ki f ;onf? zi fjuD ;aemufwGi fuyfum7yfv#uf apmufywfxJ

vD;xdk;oGif;um Edk hjuD;rsm;udkqGJItyDaqmifhvd k;onf? okwfxGufvkvkwGif

apmufywfxJrSvD;ud kqG Jxkwfum zifaygufxJa_ymif;xnfhonf? zifud k

oH k ;csufaqmif hvd k ; _y D ;cs de fwGi f q7mr>zifaygufxJwGi f okwf7nfawG

yef ;xnf hay;vd kufavonf?

oif;oif;_zL>apmufywfESif hzifaygufwd k hud k t_yeftvSef7ufay;

r S Kajumi f h aumi frav;t7r f ; Øa[m h ×um Ø _y D ; ×v kvk _zp fvmcs de fw Gi f

247

0i f ;r d k ;u tom_ye frwfwwf7y fonf? oif ;oi f ; _zLud kzi f _z Jc d ki f ;um

ptd kaygufxJ vD;juD;xd k ;aqmif hoGi f ;vd kufonf? t@S de fuwufvm_yDr d k h

wcsufwnf;tqH k ;0i fatmifxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ; wtm;uke faqmif hvd k ;vd kuf7m

okwf7nfawGyef;xGufukefavawmhonf? aumifav;ESpfa<muf c^em;

juonf? trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufrSmawmh tem;r7yg? q7mudkp d k ;armifu

wef;pDumukef;c d ki f ; _y D; wvSnf hp Daqmfonf? xd ktwGif; wefcsif;wd k hvnf;

vD;awmifvmju_yefav7m udkpd k;armifESif htwl q7mrESif hausmif;olrav;

wd k hud k 0uf0ufuG Jatmifyif tm;remwrf;vd k ;juavonf? xdkaehvd k ;yG Ju

t@S de fvGefoGm;7m olwd k hoH k ;xyfausmif;aqmifay:rS_yefqif;vmjucsde fwGif

ausmif;qif;I vlawGyif@Si f;aejuav_yD?

_y D ;yg_y D?