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ACM )Air Cycle Machine) 11th ISRAELI SYMPOSIUM ON JET ENGINES
& GAS TURBINES,
OCTOBER 25 2012
Present: Dr. Amiram Leitner, Zeev Shavit and Yossi Nishri
מ "מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע -רפאל
Raf#647844523-Oct-12
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LITENIG Pod
LITENING Pod
ECU (Environmental Cooling
Unit) for Rafael Litening Pod
מ"מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע -רפאל 23-Oct-12
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•Initiation
•Spec.
•Conceptual Design, Thermodynamic Cycle
•Components Design (Turbine, Compressor, Heat Exchangers,
Flaps, Electronics…)
•Analyses: Thermodynamic, Aerodynamics, Strength,
Dynamics, Heat Transfer, CFD, Balancing
•Test Facility Construction
•Flaps and Throttle Control unit Development
•ACM Control unit, Data acquisition
•Prototype manufacturing
•Prototype ground Testing
•Maturing in IAF
•IAF Performance Flight Tests
Design Stages
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Thermodynamic Principles
מ"מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע -רפאל
• VCS – Standard Vapor Cycle, using Refrigerant like
most home refrigerators and airconditioners
• ACM – Air cycle using reverse-bootstrap rotor and
pre-cooled heat exchanger, depends on Ram air to
drive the TCU (Turbine Compressor Unit)
23-Oct-12
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23-Oct-125
Simple ACM Scheme
Reverse Boot-Strap
מ"מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע -רפאל
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23-Oct-126
LITENING ECU- ACM Scheme
Pod Outlet
to ACM
9
HX 1
1
2T
3
Gregeneration
4aHX 2
Gcooling
4bC6
Pod Inlet
to lower RS tunnel
8
HX2 out5
Circulation
Fan
Ground Fan
Throttle
Scoop0 Ram Air
Flap
2-position Flap
with Solenoid
HX2 in
7
Turbine
Compressor
מ"מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע -רפאל
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Reference
Advantages of ACM vs.VCS:
• ACM driving Power is supplied by Ram air, VCS
by the aircraft
• Typical COP of airborne VCS is 1.0. ACM COP is
larger than 10
• Cooling Capacity on all Flight Envelope
• Enable Future Increase in Heat rejection
• Significantly Less Power Consumption on Flight
• Lower Induced Vibration
• Simple Maintenance
• Safety: No Refrigerant, Lower pipes pressure
• Higher MTBF
• FFF (Fit, Form, Function)23-Oct-12
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The architecture must enable
the required performance in
the given volume & weight
Design Challenges
The reverse-bootstrap rotor
provides further challenges in
assembly and aerodynamics
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Wide turns, low velocities &
constant cross-sections will
ensure aerodynamic efficiency
Design Challenges
The Modeling approach is very
different than turbine engines (Deck)
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CompressorTurbine
Ram air (High
Temperature)
LITENING ECU- ACM Nominal Cycle
Pre-cooler
Heat
Exchanger #1
Main Heat
Exchanger
# 2
מ"מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע -רפאל 23-Oct-12
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Subassemblies
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1212אוקטובר
LITENING ECU- ACM Testing Facility
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23-Oct-12Reference13
VCS Temp. at
1KW Heat load
S
S
VCS Limitation
LITENING ECU- ACM vs. VCS PIAT Performance
Example on 5Kft Hot day.
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23-Oct-1214
Litening ACM
LITENING POD with ACM Ready to be
Mounted on A/C
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23-Oct-12
Summary
• ACM system was successfully developed by Rafael
and Becker Engineering
• Performance tests were conducted using
“connected pipe” facility that was designed and
constructed to address the full flight envelope
• Comparing performance with the current VCS
shows clear advantage to the ACM
• Several flight tests on F16 with Litening Pod
equipped with ACM were found to be successful
• ACM ECU is ready to be implemented in the future
Pod generation
15מ"מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע -רפאל
