7/26/2019 Ada 379583

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JPRS

71739

23

August1978

U S S R

N D

S T E R N

U R O P E

CIENTIFIC

S T R C T S

ENGINEERING

ND

QU IPMENT

No 5

per

if

^^^ fl^SM^^^^

USS

M

Reproduced

From

Best

Available

Copy

3

i

Q WU

f

si

i

U .S JOINT

PUBLICATIONS

RESEARCH

SERVICE

III

MIC

^pffiTffY

IKSSaCTED

4 -

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NOTE

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publications

contain

information

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and

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agency

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JPRS

7 739

23

August

978

U S S R

N D S T E R N

U R O P E

CIENTIFIC

S T R C T S

E N G I N E E R I N GND

QU IPMENT

No.

45

This

serialpublicationcontains

abstracts

of

articles

and

news

items

from

USSR

and

Eastern

Europe

scientific

and

technical

journals

onthe

specific

subjects

reflected

in

the

table

of

contents.

Fhotoreproductionsofforeign-language

sources

may

be

obtainedfromthe

Photoduplication

Service,

Library

of

Congress,Washington,

.

.20540.

Requests

should

provide

adequateidentification both

asto

the

sourceand

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individual

article(s)

desired.

CO NTE NTS AGE

ENGINEERING

Acoustical

&

Ultrasonic

Construction

Heat,

Combustion

0

Industrial

2

Marine,Shipbuilding

3

Materials 4

Metrology 8

Mining,

Petroleum 1

PrecisionMechanics&

Optical

2

Stress

Analysis

&

Stability

Studies 4

EQUIPMENT

Acoustical

&

Ultrasonic

7

Aeronautical

&

Space 0

Atomic& Nuclear

0

Gyroscopic

1

Hydraulic

&

penumatic 3

Industrial

& Mining 4

Marine,

Shipbuilding

0

-

a

-

[III USSR

21

F

S

T]

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC

DATA

S H E E T

1 eportNo.

JPRS

71739

4.TitlendSubtitle

USSR

ND

EASTERNUROPECIENTIFICBSTRACTS

ANDQUIPMENT No. 45

3

Recipient sAccession

No.

ENGINEERING

5 *eportDate

23August1978

7.

Author(s)

8

erforming

Organization

Rept.

No.

9.erformingOrganization

Name

nd

Address

Joint

Publications

Research

Service

1000

North

Glebe

Road

Arlington,

Virginia

2201

1 0

Project/Task/WorkUnit

No.

1 1

Contract/Grant

No.

1 2

Sponsoring

Organization

NamendAddress

1 3

Type

fReportPeriod

Covered

1 4

1 5

Supplementary

Notes

1 6

Abstracts

Thereport

contains

abstracts

and

news

i t e m s ,

onaeronautical,

marine,

mechanical,

automotive,civil

and

industrialengineering,related

researchanddevelopment,

and

engineeringmaterials

andequipment.

1 7 KeyWords

nd

Document

Analysis.

17a.

Descriptors

USSR

Eastern

Europe

Aeronautics

Industrial

Engineering

MarineEngineering

StressAnalysis

Turbines

Metrology

17b

dentifiers/Open-Ended

Terms

17e OSATI

Field/Group

1A,

13H

13J 14B

1 8 Availability.Statement

UnlimitedAvailability

Sold

by

NTIS

Springfield,Virginia

22151

1 9 SecurityClass

This

Report)

UNCLASSIFIED

20.SecurityClassThis

Page

UNCLASSIFIED

21

TTo

of

Pages

7

7

22.

rice

PCAcf>5

FORMNTIS-3B10-70)

USCOMM-DC40329-P7I

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

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CONTENTS

(Continued)

age

Measuring,Testing 3

Optical

. . . ......

.

3

Photographic . - . . . . . .

. . - . .

....-.........

6

Power,

Engine,

Turbine,

Pump

...........................................

8

Transportation,Conveying

...........

.....

0

Vacuum,Cryogenic 2

-

b

-

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

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ENGINEERING

Aeronautical&

Space

USSR

DC

533.6.011.3+518.5

A METHOD

OF

CALCULATINGTHEAERODYNAMICPITCH,

ROLL

AND

YAWDERIVATIVESOF

ANAIRCRAFTAT

SUBSONIC

VELOCITIES

MoscowIZVESTIYAAKADEMIINAUKSSSR: MWKHANIKA

ZHIDKOSTI

IGAZAin

Russian

No

2 ,Mar/Apr78pp77-88

manuscript

received

1 4Jul7 6

GANIYEV,F .

I . ,

Moscow

[Abstract]

n

examinationi s

made

of

the

motionofan

aircraft

of

complex

spatial

configuration

atconstant

subsonic

velocityinanideal

compressible

medium.

A

method

isproposedfor

computer

calculation

of

the

aerodynamic

pitch,

roll

andyawderivatives

and

the

induced

drag

of

the

aircraft

with

considerationofthe

thicknessofthelifting

elements

andpylons

of

the

aircraft

asit

undergoes

low-frequencyharmonicoscillations

during

motion.

The

method

enables

fairly

precise

calculation

of

aerodynamic

characteris-

tics

of

an

aircraft

of

anyconfiguration.

Thelimitationofthemethodis

thedevelopment

of

critical

phenomenaflow

separation

and

zones

of

supersonic

flow. The

author

thanks

N .

N .

Tyunin

for

furnishingexperimental

data.

Figures5 ,references1 2 : 11Russian,1Western.

USSR

DC

532.529

EXPERIMENTAL

STUDYOF

A

TWO-PHASE

FLOW

WITHLIQUIDPARTICLESINTHE

SUBSONIC

AND

TRANSONIC

REGIONS

OF

FLAT

NOZZLES

Moscow

IZVESTIYAAKADEMII

NAUK

SSSR:

MEKHANIKA

ZHIDKOSTIIGAZA

in

Russian

No2 ,Mar/Apr78pp

167-170manuscriptreceived5Aug7 7

BARANOVSKIY,

.

I . ,

YEFREMOV,

N .

M.,ZLOBIN,

V .

V.,

LEPESHINSKIY, .

A .and

TIKHONOV,

B .A.,

Moscow,

Tallin

[Abstract]

A

previous

paper V .V .Zlobin, Investigation

ofthe

Distribu-

tionofaSolid

AdmistureinAxisymmetric

Nozzles, IZV.

ANSSSR: MEKH.

ZHID.

GAZA,

No

4 ,

1975]

dealt

with

the

results

of

experimental

studies

of

conditions

ofentry,

particlesize,theprofilesofthe

subsonic

andtransonic

partsof

thenozzle

and

initial

concentrationas

they

influence

thedistri-

bution

of

a

discrete

solid

phase

in

the

outlet

section

of

axisymmetric

nozzles. Inthis

paper,

whichi s

a

continuation

ofthe

previous

one,

the

authors

give

theresults

of

a

study

of

theinfluence

that

nozzleprofiling

and

particlesizesatthe

nozzle

inlethaveon

the

formation

offieldsof

distribution

ofadiscreteliquidphase

and

particle

size

atthe

outlet

of

flat

nozzles.

Theliquid

phasewaswater

droplets

measuring

48-100

j i m .

Convergent

wedge

and

profiled

nozzleswerestudied

with

differentradii

of

curvature

in

thecriticalsection.

Optical

laser

methodswere

usedfor

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

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measuringvolumetric

concentration

and

particlesize. Theresultsshow

that

forrelatively

large

dropletstheprofilingof

the

convergent

partof

thenozzle

has

a

considerable

effect

onthe

nature

ofmotionof

thedispers-

ed

phase,

and

provides

a

convenient

means

for

controlling

particle

distribu-

tion

at

the

outlet.

Uniformity

ofthe

fields

of

concentration

ofdiscrete

phase

ismaximized

by

wedge-shapedand

convex

inletprofiles.

Figures

5 ,

references

3

Russian.

USSR DC529.781:629.783:525

METHOD

OFDETERMINATION

OF

THE

TIME

OF

TRANSMISSION

OFPRECISE

TIMESIGNALS

THROUGH

SATELLITE

RELAY

LINKS

Moscow

IZMERITEL'NAYA

TEKHNIKA

in

Russian,

No8

Aug

7 7 ,

pp

52-54

IVANOVA,

YU.

D .

[Abstract]

A

method

of

determination

of

thetime

of

transmission

of

a

sig-

nalfrom

earth

station

t oa

satellite

and

backtoanotherearthstationi s

analyzed. Themethoddoesnot

requiretheuseofthepredicted

orbital

parameters

of

the

satellite

andallows

the

accuracy

of

synchronization

t o

beincreased. An

equation

is

derived

fro

thetransmission

time

of

the

sig-

nalwhich,

in

combinationwith

three

equations

for

the

coordinates

of

the

receiving

point,canbeused

to

determine

the

transmissiontimeandthus

synchronize

timescalesoverlong

distances

from

the

statetime

standard.

Figure

1 ;

Tables

4 ;

Reference

1

Russian.

USSR DC

533.6.011.55

MOTION

INANATMOSPHEREOF

LOW-DENSITYGASBODIES

Moscow

IZVESTIYA

AKADEMII

NAUK

SSSR:

MEKHANIKA

ZHIDKOSTI

I

GAZA

inRussian

No2 ,Mar/Apr78pp

89-93manuscriptreceived1 6

Apr7 7

KUTSAYEV,

A .

S . ,

Moscow

[Abstract] The

author

considers

the

motionofa

gas

cloud

toward

theearth

at

hypersonic

velocityalong

its

ownaxisof

symmetry.

The

centeri s

the

middle

ofthe

axis

of

symmetry

and

the

height

is

the

altitude

ofthecenter.

Adeparting

shock

wave

is

formedinfront

of

thecloud

as

soon

asit

enters

sufficientlydenseair. Thepressureand

density

of

thetwo-dimensionalo n -

coming

flow

around

the

cloud

are

functions

of

altitude.

The

problem

is

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

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numerically

solved

by

S .

K .

Godunov's

method

of

straight-through

calcula-

tionfortwo-dimensionalunsteadyflows

S .

K .Godunov,

A .V .Zabrodin,

G .

P .Prokopov,

Chislennoye

resheniye

mnogomernykhzadachgazovoy

dinamiki

(Numerical

Solution

of

Multidimensional

Problems

inGasDynamics),

Moscow,

Nauka,1976].

Anumerical

solution

isgivenfor

vertical

entry

of

an

air

cloud

with

1-km

radius

at

40km/s

at

an

altitude

of

120

km.

Assuming

an

exponentialatmosphere,graphsaregiven

showingtheprocessofincreas-

ing

shock

waveintensityand

replacement

oftherarefactionwave

byacom-

pression

wave

inthe

trailing

hemisphere.

Curves

are

given

showing

the

velocityand

altitudeofthe

cloud

asfunctionsoftime. Comparison

with

the

anlaytical

solution

for

anundeformablehomogeneous

spherewith

the

same

initialradius

and

densityshowsdivergencewhere

thecloud

begins

tode-

creaseinsize. Theminimumsizeofthecloudoccursinthe

region

of

maxi-

mumdeceleration.

The

authors

thanks

G .

I .

Petrovfor

directing

the

work.

Figures5 ,

references

6

Russian.

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

9/79

Construction

USSR

DETERMINATION

OFTHE

REACTION

OFLONG

BUILDINGS

ANDSTRUCTURESCONSIDERING

THE

INITIALPHASE

OF

TRANSMISSION

OFA

SEISMIC

WAVE

Yerevan

IZVESTIYA

AKADEMII

NAUK

ARMYANSKOYSSR,SERIYA

TEKHNICHESKIKHNAUK

inRussian,

No

4 ,

1977,pp

37-47,

manuscript

received

28

Feb

77

KHACHIYAN,

E .

YE.,AMBARTSUMYAN,V .A.,

PF.TROSYAN,

L .

G.,

ArmenianScientific

Research

Institute

ofConstructionand

Architecture;

YerevanPolytechnical

Institute

imeni

K .

Marx

[Abstract]

Equations

are

derived

fort h e

motion

oflong,

multistorey

framesasa

seismic

wave

passesthrough,considering

its

initial

phase.

Somequantitativedataarepresentedonthe

influence

ofthe

lengthofthe

frame

on

the

reactions

of

systems

withonedegreeof

freedom.

Problems

of

integration

of

the

equations

of

motion

with

a

fixed

accelerogram

of

motion

ofthe

foundation

arediscussed. 1-,2 - ,

3 - ,

4 - ,

and5-

span

framesare

analyzed,withidenticallength

and

identicalsoilconditions.

It

is

f o u n d -

thatthe

number

of

intermediatesupports

has

little

influenceontheseismic

load

and

that

the

total

length

ofthe

structure

isthe

major

factorof- i m -

portance. Table1 ;

Figures

3 ;

References

1 2 : 1 1Russian,

1

Western.

lm-

USSR

DC699.841:517.946

EQUATIONSOFVERTICALOSCILLATIONSOF

BUILDINGS

CONSIDERINGDEFORMATION

OF

THEFLOORSANDFOUNDATIONS

Tashkent

IZVESTIYAANUZ

SSR,SERIYATEKHNICHESKIKH

NAUK

in

RussianNo

6 ,

Jun

7 7

pp

39-33,manuscriptreceived

37

Jan7 7

RASSKAZOVSKIY,

V .

T . ,

andMUKUK,

L .

K.,Institute

of

Mechanics

and

Earth-

quake-Proofnessof

Structuresimeni

M .

T .

Urazbayevof

theUzbek

SS R

Academyof

Sciences

[Abstract]

The

effectsoftheverticalcomponent

of

seismicforcesonhigh-

risebuildings

areanalyzed. Thedeformationsof

the

floors

and

foundations

are

taken

into

account

in

a

model

consisting

of

a

cantilever

on

a

rigid

or

elastic

foundation

withthemassof

thesupportedwallsdistributedover

their

height

orthe

masses

of

rigid

or

elastic

floors

lumped

or

distribut-

ed

over

astrip

bean. Thecantileverisdividedintosections

withthe

masses

ofthe

floorsat

the

division

points,

andthe

corss-section

is

vari-

able.

Thefloorscan

be

considered

rigidly

or

elastically

connected

to

the

walls,and

equations

arepresentedforall

combinations

ofthese

possibili-

ties. The

equationscan

beused

t o

determine

the

displacements

and

the

stressesarising

in

anycross-section

of

high-risebuildingswith

various

structural

parametersin

the

presence

of

vertical

vibrations.

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

10/79

USSR DC

551.501:624.4

METEOROLOGIC

EFFECTSON

A

SUSPENDED

GAS

PIPELINE

CROSSING

Moscow

STROITEL'STVO

TRUBOPROVODOV

in

Russian,

No

4 ,

Apr

7 8 ,

pp

25-27

KAZAKEVICH,

M .

I . ,

Central

ScientificResearch

Institute

for

Planning

of

SteelStructures,

Dnepropetrovsk

[Abstract]

here

a

gas

pipelinecrossesthe

Amudar'ya

River,

a

suspended

crossing660min

length

has

been

constructed.

During

the

initialperiod

of

operation

of

thegas

pipeline,

measurementswereconducted

in

ordert o

refinetheestimatedwindload

on

the

structure,estimate

the

temperature

modesof

the

air,ofthe

metal

structuresofthe

rigidity

beam

and

ofthe

pipeandtostudythe

actual

rigidity

of

thestructureand

itsreactiont o

meteorologicaleffects. Theairtemperature,wind

speed

anddirection,

temperature

of

the

gas

pipeline

and

metal

structures

of

the

rigidity

beam

weremeasured

at

least

threetimesper

day. Stressesontheline were

measured,

and

a windrose

was

constructed,

showingpredominant

westwinds

for

halfthe

year,east

windsthe

other

half.

Wind

loadswerefoundtocause

swinging

of

the

pipeline,

but

wind

resonance

was

not

observed.

Theresults

and

analysisof

observations

indicated

that

a

moreserious

attitude

should

be

takentowardcollection

ofinformation

onmeteorologicaleffects,

par-

ticularly

of

vital

structures.

USSR

DC

627.824.7.001.42

RESULTS

OFSTUDIES

OF

THECREEPOFCONCRETEINTHE

MASS

OF

THET0KT0-

GUL'SKAYAHYDROELECTRICPOWERPLANT

DAM

Moscow

GIDROTEKHNICHESKOYE

STROITEL'STVO

in

Russian,

No

4 ,

Apr7 8 ,pp19-24

PUKHOV, .E .

[Abstract]

Creep

studiesofthe

concrete

used

in

the

Tiktogul'skayadam

wereconducted

using

speciments

3

days

t o3

years

of

age

and

stress

levels

upt o

one-half

of

the

prismcompressive

strength

ofthe

concrete.

Con-

creteof

various

compositions

differing

significantly

increepatearlyage,

was

found

to

have

approximately

the

same

creep

at

later

stages

ofcuring.

Thecreep

of

older

concretedepended

little

on

compressive

strengthor

ce-

ment

content.

Older

concreteis

also

farless

sensitive

to

temperature

changesin

terms

of

theireffect

oncreep. The

creep

of

a

large

massof

old

concrete

canbedeterminedbytestinglarge-diameter

corescutfromthe

concrete,

if

stepsare

taken

to

eliminate

moisture

lossfromthecores.

Figures7 ;Tables3 ;References7 : 6Russian,1Western.

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

11/79

USSR

THE

NATURE

OE

BEEDTNOOF

MATERIAL

OFAN

AVALANCHE

DAM

AT

MEDEO

Moscow

GIDROTEKHNICHESKOYE

STROITEL'STVO

in

Russian,

No

4 ,

Apr

7 8 ,

pp

18-19

SKOROVOGATOV,

A .

V .

[Abstract] To

protect

the

city

ofMedeofrom

mud

slides,adamwas

con-

structedonthe

MalayaAlmatinka

Riverbyexplosionoftwodirectedcharges,

5.3

kilotons

on

the

rightbank

and

4.0kilotonsonthe

left

bank.

Charges

in

secondary

blast

holeswereshot

first,

followed

after

a

few

seconds

by

the

main

charges.

The

resulting

avalanches

produceda

heap

of

soil

80m

high

atthe

bottom of

the

ravine.

Normal

earthmoving

methodswere

then

used

tocontinueconstructionofthe

dam

t o

its

finalheightof143m.

Eight

pits

weredugintothe

bodyof

the

dam

tostudythebeddingofthematerial

and

decide

whether

a

grout

curtainwas

needed.

The

data

presented

indicates

thatthe

materialofthedam

is

generally

wellcompacted,

settlingover

five

months

having

averaged5c m .

When

water-retaining

dams

are

constructed

by

thismethod,theblast

chambers

should

be

placedatthelevel

oftheplanned

crest

ofthe

dam

or

slightlyhigher,

t oprotect

the

abutments.

USSR DC

627.82.012.4:624.15

CHANGESINENGINEERING-GEOLOGICALCONDITIONS

IN

THEFOUNDATION

OF

THE

BRATSK

HYDROELECTRIC

POWERPLANT

DAM DURING15

YEARS

OFOPERATION

MoscowGIDROTEKHNICHESKOYESTROITEL'STVO

in

Russian,No4 ,

Apr7 8 ,

pp12-18

SUKHANOV, .K.,SAVINSKAYA,

M .

K.,

TIZDEL',R .R .andSOTNIKOVA,

N .P .

[Abstract]

Field

observationsof

therockfoundationbeneaththe

Bratsk

Hydropower

Dam

have

been

conductedcontinuously

andcarefully,beginning

during

the

periodof

construction.

The

dam

isa

concrete

gravity

dam

with

expanded

seams,

125minheight

and

924minlength.

Thehead

ofNBLi s

106m.

The

dam

was

constructedin42column

sections

which

weresubsequently

cemented

together. The

anchor

ofthe

dam

i sup

t o

15m

deep. Tworowsofdrainage

wells

3 0m

deep

and

3m

apart

were

drilled

into

the

foundation

beneath

the

dam.

The

observationsindicate

thatthe

status

ofthefoundation

and

the

stabilityof

thechannel

andleft

bank

earth

dam

are

quitesatisfactory.

The

changes

in

engineeringand

geological

conditions

thatare

unavoidable

upon

construction

of

a

large

dam

have

apparently

beencompleted,

and

the

new

conditionsin

the

foundation

of

the

dam

have

stabilized.

The

drainage

de-

vicesareoperating

normally.

However,observations

should

be

continued

atfullvolume.

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

12/79

USSR

DC

624.073.016.04

DETERMINATION

OF

THE

PRESTRESSING

OF

A

SHEET

DIAPHRAGMWITH

A DEFORMABLE

REINFORCED-CONCRETE

CONTOUR

Moscow

STROITEL'NAYAMEKHANIKA

I

RASCHET

SOORUZHENIY

inRussian,No1 ,

1978,

pp

13-16

AYUBOV,G .

A.,SVETOV,

A .A.,ScientificResearchInstituteforReinforced

Concrete,Moscow

[Abstract]

A

study

is

made

ofthestress-strain

state

of

asheetdiaphragm

attachedtoreinforced

concrete

sideelementswiththetwomain

longitudinal

elements

prestressed,

the

transverse

elements

unstressed.

Thesheetmembrane

is

attached

to

the

longitudinal

and

end

transverse

ribs,but

not

to

the

intermediate

transverse

ribs. The

solution

of

the

problem

considers

the

stress-strain

state

of

the

ribs,

not

only

in

bending

and

compression,

but

also

in

twisting,very

important

for

this

system

of

diaphragmconstruction

withreinforced-concretesideribs. Theproblemis

stated

of

determining

the

conservative

preliminarystressesinthediaphragm

after

itisassembled,

considering

the

type

of

deformation

of

the

side

reinforced-concrete

elements.

The

greatest

effectofprestressing

ofthediaphragmi sachievedwhen

the

supporting

contour

has

minimalcompliance. Preservation

ofprestressing

in

the

diaphragmi sinfluenced

by

thebending

rigidity

of

the

end

rib.

Theoreticaland

experimental

data

agree

well

(within

10%) ,confirmingthe

correctness

ofusing

the

method

presentedfordeterminationof

residual

stresses

in

a

diaphragmcarried

on

aprestressedreinforced-concretecontour.

Figures

2 ;Table1 ;

References

3

Russian.

USSR DC

624.0074.04:69.001.5:519.2

SELECTIONOF

CALCULATIONMODELSOFRIGIDITYDIAPHRAGMSFORMULTISTORY

BUILDINGS

ON

THE

BASISOF

EXPERIMENTALSTUDIES

MoscowSTROITEL'NAYAMEKHANIKAIRASCHETSOORUZHENIYinRussian,No1 ,

1978,

pp

55-59

PODOL'SKII,

D .M.,BAINATOV,

Z H .

B.,Kiev

ZonalScientificResearch

and

Planning

Institute

for

Standard

and

Experimental

Planning

of

Residential

and

Public

Buildings

[Abstract]

A

practical

methodis

presented

for

selection

of

calculation

modelsofconstruction

structures,

developed

on

the

basisofthetheory

of

statis

colutions.

Oneproblem,

s -

that,

in

formalizing

the

calculation

of

poorly

definedsystems

such

a s

multistory

buildings,

the

initial

calcula-

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

13/79

tion

data

may

beveryapproximate.

Experimental

studies

were

performed

to

producequantitativeestimatesof

thestress-strainstateofrigidity

diaphragmsbytesting

of

aseries

of

small-scale

models

manufactured

t o

allowthe

deformations

tobemeasuredwith

highaccuracy. A

special

model-

ing

material

consisting

of

Portland

cement,

sand

and

polyvinyl

acetate

emulsion

wasused.

A

photograph

of

the

model

is

presented.

Thedegreeof

completeness

of

the

initial

information

available

inplanning

rigidity

di-

aphramsfor

multistorybuildings

determines

the

selection

ofthecalcula-

tion

model.

When

the

information

is

quite

incomplete,highly

simplified

calculationmodelsshould

be

used.

Tables4 ;Figures2 ;References9

Russian.

USSR

DC

624.074-415:693.547

CONCRETING

OF

THINWALL,

DENSELY

REINFORCEDSHELLSBY

PNEUMATIC

SPRAYING

MoscowBETON

I

ZHELEZOBETON

in

Russian,

No

1 1 ,Nov7 7 ,pp

28-29

SHAVRIN,V .

I . ,

ScientificResearchInstitute

of

the

ConstructionIndustry,

SABALDYR',V .P.,KievCity

ConstructionTrust,

CHERNETSKII,

B .

G.,

Scien-

tific

Research

Institute

oftheConstructionIndustry,

and

MARTYNENKO,

L.S.,

State

Scientific

Research

Institute

for

Road

Construction

[Abstract]

KievCityConstruction

TrustNo.4 hasusedthemethod

of

pneu-

matic

sprayingtoconcrete

shells.

Each

shelli sa

densely

reinforced

structure

of

compound

curvature

with

wall

thickness

varying

from

300mm

at

thebaset o150mmatthe

top,

maximumspan21m,

height,atcenter19.5m. The

reinforcement

is

in

two

rows,

parallel

to

the

horizontaland

vertical

gen-

eratrices

of

the

shell,usingrods

16

and

12mm

in

diameter

with

spacings

of60x60

to150x150mm. The

concrete

usedis

strength

grade

M400,

cold-re-

sistance

grade

150. The

concrete

mix

was

applied

at0.8-1.2m

J

/hr,

although

the

SB-67

concrete

sprayingmachine

was

deliver

upt o2.25m-Vhr. The

low

efficiencyof

theoperationresulted

primarilyfromorganizational

factors,

which

were

improved

asexperience

was

gained.

Problems

included

thelong

time

required

to

load

the

machinewith

dry

mixture,

the

need

to

move

hoses

fromonelevel

of

thescaffoldtoanother,extensiveworkrequiredtoclean

the

deckafter

spraying,etc.

In

spiteofthese

problems,

themethodi s

economically

effective,

reducing

the

cost

of

laying

lnP

of

concrete

mix

by

6.64

rubels

in

comparison

t o

pouring

into

double

woodenforms

and

decreasing

laborby0.785

man-days

per

m

3

.

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

14/79

USSR

DC

691.874

STRENGTHAND

DEFORMATIONOF

ROD

REINFORCEMENTUPON

HIGH-SPEED

IMPACT

LOADING

Moscow

BETON

I

ZHELEZOBETON

in

Russian,

No

1 2 ,

Dec

7 7 ,

pp

21-24

RAKHMANOV,

V .A.,

NationalScientificResearch

Institute

for

Reinforced

Concrete

[Abstract]

Studies

of

the

dynamic

properties

of

reinforcement

have

led

t o

very

contradictory

results.

In

this

article,the

American

MTS-819

test

system was

used.

Static

and

dynamic

testingof

specimens

were

performedat

fourfixed

loading

rates: 0.04,0.4,100and400mm/s. The

testswere

performed

on

reinforcementspecimens14-18mm

in

diameter

withagage

length

of

200mm,

using

reinforcement

ofclassesA-I,

A-II,

A-III,

At-III,.At-V

and

At-VI.

At-IIIreinforcement

is

made

of

heattreated

St5

steel

and

At-VIis

made

oftype23KH2G2Tsteel.

Deformation

ratewasfoundtoin-

fluence

the

lower

limit

of

yield

point

less

than

the

upper

limit

of

yield

point.

The

sensitivity

of

theyieldpoint

ofthe

hardened

steelswas

less

thanthat

ofunhardened

steels,

corresponding

closelyto

thevariations

withspeed

recommended

for

class

A-IV

steel. Thedata

produced

lead.to

no

particular

conclusion

concerning

the

influence

ofthe

strengthproperties

ofreinforcement

on

the

development

ofdynamicdeformations. Forsteels

with

a

physicalyield

point,as

deformation

rate

increases,

there

isan

increase

in

the

lengthoftheflow

area

X.

nequation

ispresentedfor

calculation

of

thedynamicproperties

ofthetypes

of

reinforcementstud-

ied. Useofthe

Campbell

criterion

isnotrecommended.

Figures

3 :Table1 ;

References

4

Russian.

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

15/79

Heat,Combustion

USSR

DC

666.1.031.24

AERODYNAMICCHARACTERISTICS

OFA

FLAMEUPONINJECTION

OF

CAS

THROUGH

THE

SIDESOFABURNER

Moscow

STEKLO

IKERAMIKA

in

Russian,

No40,

Apr

7 8 ,

pp

14-16

SHUTNIKOVA,L .P .andPOPOV,0 .

P.,

Gusev

affiliateofState

Institute

for

Glass

[Abstract] The

authors'institute

has

performed

studies

ofthe

aerodynam-

ic

conditions

of

combusion

of

fuel

in

the

burners

of

regenerative

glass

furnacesof

varying

designs.

For

thispurpose,

model

burners

of

organic

glass

were

constructed

in1:10scale.

The

modelingagentused

was

compres-

sed

air,

delivered

ata

rateproviding

self-similarity.

The

nature

of

movement

ofthegasesinthe

flamewith

fuel

input

throughtheside

wall

of

the

burner was

studied.

The

influence

of

collision

of

the

jets

and

their

angle

tothe

mass

of

glasswasstudied.

Anoptimalfurnacewidth

was

foundfor

combustion

ofafan-shapedflame.

Wide,

flatflames

deliver

the

greatest

quantity

ofheat

t othe

glass.

Figures3 .

USSR DC

532.72

DIFFUSIONINTERACTION

OF

DROPS

IN

ALIQUID

Moscow

IZVESTIYA

AKADEMII

NAUK

SSSR:

MEKHANIKA

ZHIDKOSTI

I

GAZA

in

Russian

No2 ,

Mar/Apr78pp

44-56manuscriptreceived2 5Mar77

POLYANIN,A .D.,

Moscow

[Abstract]

The

three-dimensional

problemof

steady-stateconvective

diffusiontoward

thesurfaces

of

liquid

particles

is

considered

for

a

chain

of

dropletsina

liminar

flow

of

viscous

incompressiblefluid. Itis

as-

sumed

that

aunique

normal

can

be

drawnat

any

pointof

the

surfaceofeach

drop,

and

that

there

i saregion

where

thesenormalsdo

notintersect.

Thevelocitydistributionof

the

laminar

flowis

known

fromsolution

ofthe

corresponding

hydrodynamicproblem. The

analysis

i sbasedon

spliced

asymptotic

expansions

with

increasing

Peclet

number.

It

is

shown

r

t

hat

closetothechain

whenthestreamfunctionof

the

problem I t

= / > / < -

(where i sthe

coefficient

of

diffusion,

is

the

characteristic

dimension

ofthedroplets, i s

the

characteristic

velocityofthe

oncoming

flow),

theconcentration

of

the

materialdissolved

in

the

flow

is

almostthesame

a sthe

undilutedconcentration

in

theoncoming

flow.

Therefore

if

there

are

many

droplets

andthe

distance

between

them

is

much

greater

than ,

theyhavenomutualdiffusion

influence.

Analysis

shows

thatin

concentrated

dispersed

systems

a

decisive

partin

heatandmassexchange

between

phases

1 0

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

16/79

is

playedbythe

structure

ofstream

linesthat

originate

or

terminate

on

the

surface

ofadroplet. A

solution

isfound

for

the

diffusionproblem

inthe

case

wherethereare

critical

linesonthe

surface

ofadroplet.

The

results

can

be

generalized

to

inviscid

or

filtration

flow

around

particles.

The

author

thanks

Yu.

P.

Gupalo

andYu.S .

Ryazantsev

for

interest

inthe

work.

Figures

4,

references

11:

8

Russian,

3

Western.

11

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

17/79

Industrial

UDC621.923.014

USSR

STUDY

OF

THE

DYNAMICS

OF

DIAMOND

GRINDING

OF

FERRITES

Minsk

IZVESTIYAAN

SSR,

SERIYAFIZIKO-TEKHNICHESKIKH

NAUK

in

Russian,No

4 ,

1977,

pp

55-59,

manuscript

received

3 0

Nov

7 6

^ ,

TTC

r

STAROV.N.,Voronezh

Polytechnical

YASHCHERITSYN,P .

I-,ZAITSEV,

A .G.,blAKUV,

.

i.,

Institute

,AK - l

Actudvis

made

oftheforcesdeveloping

duringroughgrinding

offerrs

nd

equations

are

developed

for

the

components

ofthe

cutting

sizeincrease,

cutting

forcesincrea.,esignifxcantly

Analysxs

show^t

stroke,

grain

size

of'diamond

discs

50/50-80/63;

cooling

is

oblxgatory.

Figures

2 ;

Tables

2 ;References

4

Russxan.

USSR

UDC621.317.353.08

IDENTITY

OF

FERROMODULATIONTRANSDUCERSINMULTICHANNELMAGNETICMEASUREMENT

SYSTEMS

Moscow

ETROLOGIYA

n

ussian,

N o

2,

1978,

pp

68-72

ZAYTSEV

A .

V.,

RUDINA N . M., IPATOVA Z . I.

[Abstract]

Modern

multichannel

magnetic

measurement

systems

are

TTTatT

nol

gb ed

TelecTcheuical

epositionf

rand

tin

TnTsnetTlayer

ontfa

hermally

table

fr

nd

ubsequent

mechanical

working

f

this

layer to

roduce

the

winding.

Table

1,

References

3

ussian.

12

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

18/79

USSR

Marine,Shipbuilding

UDC532.5

ON

CALCULATINGTHE

CHARACTERISTICS

OFAVIBRATION

SOURCELOCATED

IN

A

LIQUIDLAYER

MoscowIZVESTIYAAKADEMII

NAUK

SSSR:

MEKHANIKA

ZHIDKOSTI

I

GAZA

in

Russian

No

2 ,Mar/Apr78

pp3-8

manuscript

received

11

Jul

77

TKACHEV, .V.,

Rostov-na-Donu

[Abstract]

The

authorconsiderstheaxisymmetricproblem of

excitation

of

steady-stateoscillationsofa

layerof

idealincompressiblefluidin

a

gravitational

force

field

by

vibration

oftwo

circular

plates

fastened

around

the

edges

and

immersed

t oa

certain

depth

in

theliquid. The

layer

of

liquid

withupperboundaryfreefrom

stresses

is

located

onan

absolutely

rigid

base.

The

boundary

valueproblem

is

formulated

in

terms

of

solution

ofthe

Laplace

equation

forthe

velocitypotential,

and

is

reduced

t o

solu-

tion

of

an

integral

equation

of

the

first

kinds.

It

is

assumed

that

the

velocitiesofthevibrating

plates

are

known. A

technique

involvingfactori-

zationoffunctionsi susedtoreducetheproblem

to

aFredhold's

equation

ofthesecondkind

thatis

numerically

solved

on

adigitalcomputer,giving

the

amplitude

function

ofthepotential

difference

for

various

frequencies

anddepthsofthevibration

source.

The

resultsshow

the

distribution

of

the

complex

potential

difference

along

the

radius

of

the

source. The

ap-

parentadditional

mass

of

thesource

i sdetermined.

The

resultscan

be^

usedto

calculate

and

optimize

theparametersof

marinevibration

seismic

sources.

The

author

thanks

V .

A .Babeshko

for

interest

in

the

work

andcon-

structivecriticism.

Figures2 ,references

8

Russian.

13

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

19/79

USSR

Materials

UDC666.11.01:537.311.32

GLASS-CRYSTALLINE MATERIALSINTHESYSTEMRO-Al^-SiC^-TiO,,

WITH

ELEVATED

CONDUCTIVITY

MoscowSTEKLO

I

KERAMIKA

in

Russian,No3 ,Mar

7 8 ,

pp

17-19

SIL'VESTROVICH,

.

.

andSEMENOVA,

YE.

V.,

Moscow

Instituteof

Chemical

TechnologyimeniD .

.

Mendeleyev

[Abstract]

Iftheabilityoftitaniumto

catalyzedirectedcrystallization

and

stimulate

electron

conductivityis

actualized

in

silicate

glasses,sitalls

canbe

synthesizedinwhich

highthermomechanical

properties

are

combined

withhigh

conductivity.

This

article

presentsastudy

of

thenatureofthe

change

ofconductivityofglasseswitha

tendencytoward

bodycrystallization

a sa

function

of

the

composition

of

the

initial

glass,

development

of

body

crystallization,

phase

composition

of

theproducts

produced,

andthe

in-

fluence

of

various

oxidesof

titanium.

Iti sfoundthatthe

logarithm

of

the

volumetric

resistivity

of

the

glasses

studied

is

alinear

function

ofthe

reciprocal

oftemperature. The

study

further

indicates

thatmodifi-

cation

of

the

composition

oftheglasses

selected

can

alter

their

resistivity

by

no

more

than

two

ordersof

magnitude,

whereas

crystallization

can

lead

t o

greater

changes

inresistivity.

Thus,tocreatea

glass

crystalline

materialwiththeminimum

resistivity,

iti snecessaryfirstofa l lt o

achieve

the

optimaldegreeof

crystallization

of

theglass.

The

degreeof

reduction

oftitanium

i s

also

usedt o

influence

resistivity

significantly.

Figures

4 ;References

8Russian.

USSR

UDC

666.762:620.191

SOMEASPECTSOFTHE

MECHANISM

OFCORROSIONOFELECTRICALLY

FUSED

CHROME-

ALUMINUM-ZIRCONIUM

REFRACTORIES

Moscow

STEKLO

I

KERAMIKAi nRussian,No3 ,Mar

7 8 ,

pp

8-10

FED0R0VA,

R .

A.,

BONDARYEV,

K .

T . ,SHVORNEVA,

L .

.and

FR0L0VA,

V .

P.,

State

Institute

for

Glass

[Abstract]

he

glass-corrosion

resistance

of

chromium-aluminum-zirconium

refractories

hasbeenfound

t o

vary

complexly

as

function

ofthecomposi-

tionandstructural

peculiarities

of

the

materials.groupofrefracto-

ries

containinga n

identical

quantity

of

vitreous

phase

withvarious

con-

centrations

ofCr

?

0

3

inthe

crystals

of

the

( C r ,A1)

2

0

3

solid

solution

is

studied.

he

specimentswerestudied

after

being

testedfor

glass

corro-

sionresistancein

the

static

mode

at

1500Cfor

24hr

ina

melt

of

sodium-

calcium

silicate

glass.

he

resultsof

the

study

showed

thatat

high

temp-

eratures,

there

isinteractionof

the

glass

mass

withthe

crystalline

14

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

20/79

Phase

of

therefractory.

Themostpromisingmaterialsfrom

thestandpoint

ofglass

corrosion

resistnncc

nnd

technology

arethose

with

thefo

owing

compositions:

23,43

Cro , ;

56.22

Al^;13.83

ZrO,;

6.25

SiO,;0.28

Na.O;

33.91

Cr

2

0

3

;

45.31

A1

2

0

2

3

;

J

1

3

.

7

1

Zr0

2

;

6.57

Si0

2

;

0.50

N a . , 0 .

Figures

4 ,

Tables2 ;References

3

Russian.

UDC

620.179.14

USSR

ELECTROMAGNETICHARDNESSTESTING; OFHEATTREATEDMINIATUREPRODUCT

SPECIMENS

OF

40Kh

STEEL

Sverdlovsk

DEFEKTOSKOPIYA

inRussian,No

3 ,

Mar

78

pp62-68

manuscript

re-

ceived,

after

revision,

11

Aug

7 7

MIKHEYEV,

M ;

N.,

G0RKUN0V,

E .S . ,

GREBENSHCHIKOV,V .

V.,

REMEX,

N .

V.,and

SHCHETKOVA,M .P .

InstituteofMetalPhysics,

UralScience

Center

of

theUSSRAcademyofSciences

UralHeavyMachineryPlant

imeni

S .Ordzhonikidze

[Abstract] A study

was

madeto

establish

a

correlation

between

the

changes

in

theelectromagneticproperties

andhardnessofgrade40Kh

medium-carbon

steel

that

are

due

to

changesin

theheat

treatment.

The

absolute

power

loss

per

magnetization

reversal

cycle

and

the

relative

power

loss,

compara-

tiveto

that

in

a

standard

reference

specimen,

served

asthe

control

para

metersand

were

measured

bythe

wattmeter

method

with

a

dual-purpose

cir-

cuitincludingalsoacurrenttransformer

aswell

as

an

ammeter

andtwo

different

voltmeters.

The

hardnesswas

measured

withaRockwell

Ctester.

Miniature

cylindrical

speciments

from

five

different

ladles,

5

mm

indiameter

and3 5

mm

long,

were

quenched

andthentemperedat

temperatures

for

150

to

600C.

With

theappropriate

reference

specimens,

at

each

amplitude

of

magnetic

inductionduring

a partialhysteresis

cycle

therelative

(difference)power

loss

wasfound

t o

be

a

single-valued

function

of

the

temp-

eringtemperatureovera

different

range.

Accordingly,

a weakmagnetic

field(B=0.05T)i s

best

suited

for

quality

controlof

grade

40Khsteel

heattreatedwithin

the400-560C

rangeby

the

powerloss

method.

Relative

measurements

improvetheresolvingpower

ofsuchaninspection,whileab-

solute

measurements

prevent

acceptance

of

defective

miniature

parts

This

methodis

2-2.5

times

more

economical

thaninspection

byRockwell

C

hard-

nesstesting. Figures5 ;Tables

1 ;

References11Russian.

1 5

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

21/79

USSR DC

661.185:66.063.612

ANAGENT

FOR

REMOVING

PETROLEUMAND

PETROLEUM

PRODUCTS

FROM

THE

WATER

SURFACE

Moscow

OTKRYTIYA

IZOBRETENIYA

PROMYSHLENNYYE

OBRAZTSY

TOVARNYYE

ZNAKI

i n

Russian,

No

1 4 ,

15

Apr

78

Authors

CertificateNo

602214

6Jun73

ABAYEV,

T.V.,

ANTONOVA,

N .M.,

LUKMANOV,

YU.KH.,

MOCHALOVA,0 .

S . ,

NEMIROV-

SKAYA,

.

A.,

NESTEROVA,

M .

P.,PELEVIN,

L.A.,

POZINYSHEV,

G .N.,

SMIRNOV,

YU.

S . ,andRAUBMAN,

A .

B.,

Institute

ofOceanologyimeniP .P .Shirshov

[Text]

1 .

Anagentbasedonwateranda

surfactant,

withthedistinguishing

feature

that,

for

a

better

dispersing

and

stabilizingeffect,it

contains

as

the

surfactant

an

acidic

saltofphosphoric

etherandan

oxyenthylized

high-

erorder

alcohol,

the

general

formula

being

[R(OC

2

H

4

)

m

]

x

O[OMe]

y

whereR

denotes

analkyl

withatleast

seven

carbonatoms,

Medenotesan

alkali

metal,

m=8 ,

x+y=3,

and

added

t oi t

a water-solublepolymerto

make

the

overall

composition

of

the

agent,

in

wt.%,

acidic

salt

ofphosphoricetherandoxyenthylized

higher-order

alcohol

30-60%

water-solublepolymer

.2-2%

water

emainder

2 .

The

same

as

1.,

except

that

casein

or

gelstin

i s

used

as

the

water-

soluble

polymer.

USSR

DC

621.313.333-213.34:622.232

THE

DESIRABILITY

OF

REPLACINGALUMINUM

SQUIRRELCAGES

WITH

COPPER

Moscow

PROMYSHLENNAYAENERGETIKA

in

Russian,

No

2 ,

Feb

7 8 ,

pp

35-38

VOLOSHCHENKO,

N .

I . ,

USSRCoalIndustry

Ministry,KIKLEVICH,N .A.,

CHUVASHEV,V .A.,

DonetsPolytechnical

Institute

[Abstract] Analysis

of

failurereatesin

electricmotors

shows

that

some

30%of

the

failures

of

inductionmotors

in

mines

result

from

failure(melt-

ing)

of

casealuminumrotorwindings. Themeltingpoint

of

copper

issig-

nificantly

higherthanthatof

aluminum;

therefore,

replacement

ofaluminum

15a

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

22/79

squirrel

cages

inthese

motors

withcopper

ones

would

eliminate

the

problem

of

melting. Copperwindings

alsoincreasemotortorqueandefficiency

in

the

1140Vpowersystemsusedin

mines.

Iftheamountofcopperusedper

motor

isincreased,

the

output

ofone

miningmachine

can

bealsoincreased,

thus

reducing

the

total

consumption

of

copper

in

the

entire

mining

system

consisting

of

the

power

transformer,

cable

and

electricmotor.

Figures

2 ;

Tables

2 ;References

3Russian.

USSR DC

666.3.015

INFLUENCEOFCHALKON

THEFORMATIONOF

CRYSTALLINE

PHASES

FROMCLAYMINERALS

AND

POLYMINERAL

CLAYS

Moscow

STEKLO

I

KERAMIKAin

Russian,

No

4 ,

Apr

7 8 ,

pp

23-25

MOROZ,B .

I . ,

ScientificResearchInstitute

for

Building

Materials

and

Products

[Abstract] Astudy

was

madeofthe

possibilityofproducingfacing

tiles

using

various

clays,

all

acid

polymineral,

nonsintering

clays

containing

significant

quantities

ofquartzand

calcite.

Specimenswere

prepared

by

pressing

and

roasted

for30-40

minutesat

a

maximum

temperature

of

1060C.

The

authorsfound

that

the

introduction

of

chalk

to

the

massdid

not

greatly

increase

water

absorption

orporosity,butgreatly

increasedthestrength,

which

hadbeen

unsatisfactorywiththe

clays

alone.

Experimentalbatches

of

the

tiles

have

been

produced

at

Keramik

Plant,

using

high-speed

drying

and

roasting

at1040-1060C,

then

at

920-940C

for35-45minutes,

and

have

shownsatisfactorystrength.

Figures

4 ;

Tables4 .

USSR

DC

666.1.056

PROPERTIESOF

THINLAYERS

OF

TITANIUM,

NIOBIUM

ANDZIROCINIUM

OXIDEMIXTURES

PRODUCEDBYCATHODESPUTTERING

Leningrad

OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA

PROMYSHLENNOST'

in

Russian

No

3 ,

Mar

7 8

pp

47-49

manuscript

received

28Sep

7 6

M0T0VIL0V,

0 .A.,

candidateof

sciences

(deceased),

RUDINA,

0 .G .and

TUROVSKAYA,

T .

.

[Abstract] Experimental

studies

are

done

onthe

optical

properties

structure

ofthenlayers

of

Ti0

2

-Nb

2

0

5,

Ti0

2

-Zr0

2

andNb20

5

-

Zr0

2

madeby

cathode

16

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

23/79

sputtering

on

glass

substrates. The

indices

of

refraction

were

determined

fromthespectral

characteristicsoftransmissionor

reflection

with

respect

t o

interference

extrema.

The

indexofrefractionforeach

systemwas

inter-

mediate

between

those

of

the

separate

oxides,

but

did

not

conform

to

ad-

ditive

laws. The

lightdiffusing

property

ofthevariousoxidesystemswas

not

amonotonicfunction

ofcomposition.

The

curvesforlightdiffusion

a s

a

function

ofcompositionshow

extema

correspondingto

complexoxides.

The

results

seem

to

indicate

thatthehigh

index

ofrefractionofoxide

layers

is

incompatible

with

low

diffusion

oflight.

For

an

index

ofre-

fractionof

2.4-2.3,

the

lightdiffusion

amounts

tohundredths,

andfre-

quently

even

tenths

of

a

percent. In

addition,production

of

multilayered

coatings

of

this

kind

requies

at

least

three

cathodes

in

thesputtering

chamber.

Figures

3 ,Referenced3Russian.

USSR

DC

621.923:[621.9.079:621.892].001.4

TESTINGOF

NEW

CUTTING

FLUIDS

FOR

HIGH-SPEED

GRINDINGOF

METALS

MoscowVESTNIKMASHINOSTROYENIYA

inRussian,

No

4 ,Apr

7 8 ,

pp52-54

YEGOROV,N.I . ,VOLKOV,M .P.,SAVIN, .G .

[Abstract]

Comparativetestswereconducted

of

a

number

of

new

water-

and

oil-basedcuttingfluids.

Laboratory

testing

was

performedby

a

rapid

method,

involving

grinding

of

specimens

at

25-100m/s

and

allowing

rapid

determination

ofthe

technological

properties

of

the

cutting

fluidswith

relatively

lowfluidconsumption(10-15

) .

Under

sever,high-speed

grind-

ingconditions,

the

new

aqueous

emulsionsare

moreeffective

than

t h eoil-

based

liquids

and

allowgrinding

of

various

metals

with

greater

specific

loads.

Effectiveness

increaseswith

increasingemulsion

concentration.

The

best

of

the

new

fluidsaresimilar

to

simperial-20

in

composition

and

properties. Figures2 ;Table1 ;References2Russian.

17

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

24/79

Metrology

USSR I D C53.087.92.001.5:537.533.3

OPTIMIZATION

OF

THE

PARAMETERS

OF

AN

OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC

INSTRUMENT

FOR

THE

MEASUREMENT

OF

THE

CONCENTRATION

OF

ELECTROLYTES

Moscow

IZMERITEL'NAYA

TEKHNIKA

in

Russian,

No

1 2 ,

Dec7 7 ,

pp52-53

GRAMOLINA,N .0.,KOMAROV,YU.

A.,MUCHNIK,

G .

F .

[Abstract] An

optical-electronic

instrument

has

been

developed

formeasure-

mentofthe

concentration

of

electrolyte

solutions,

using

a

source

of

radiation

with

a

diverging

lightbeam,for

studies

in

a

borad

rangeofcon-

centrationswith

constantsensitivity,and

a parallellightbeam,foropera-

tion

asa

threshold

transducer. The

characteristics

ofthe

sensing

element

with

the

diverging

andparallelbeams

are

comparedby

analyzing

the

attenua-

tion

of

thelight

beam

only

due

t oreflection

at

the

boundary

of

the

side

surface

of

therod

and

the

medium

being

studied,ignoring

lossesresulting

fromreflection

atthe

endsand

absorption

by

thematerial

of

the

rod.

It

is

found

that

in

order

for

the

instrument

to

operate

in

the

area

of

maximum

sensitivity,the

incident

angleofthe

light

beam

mustbenear

the

angleof

total

internal

reflection,

corresponding

totheminimum

of

the

index

of

re-

fraction

ofthemedium

being

studied.

Use

ofa

laser

lightsourcewitha

diverging

light

beam

allows

studies

t o

be

performed

overa

borad

range

of

concentration.

Instrumentsofthis

typecanbe

used

for

continuous

measure-

mentand

testing

ofthe

concentration

of

solutions.

Figures

2 ;

Reference

1Russian.

USSR

:

DC

539,143.43

A METHOD

OF

DETERMININGTHEPOROSITYOFROCKS

Moscow

OTKRYTIYAIZOBRETENIYA

PROMYSHLENNYYEE

OBRAZTSY

TOVARNYYE

ZNAKI

in

Russian,No

1 3 ,

5

Apr78

Author'sCertificateNo

601606

8Dec7 6

BELORAY,

YA.

L.,

ZAPOROZHETS,

V .

M.,

NERETIN,

V .

D.,

PETROSYAN,

L .

G . ,

SHIMELEVICH,

YU.

S . ,and

YUDIN,V .A.,All-Union

Scientific

ResearchIn-

stitute

of

Nuclear

Geophysics

and

Geochemistry

[Text] Applicationofthenuclear-magnetic-resonancemethod,

involving

placement

of

the

testsample

into

a

measuringtest

tube

inside

the

trans-

ducer

ofan

NMR

relaxometer

andsubsequent

measurement

of

an

NMR

signalemit-

tedbythetest

sample,

withthedistinguishingfeaturethat,foramorepre-

cisedetermination,thetesttube

is

filled

with

aliquid

containing

hy-

drogen

and

the

amplitudeA

r

of

an

NMR

signalfrom

this

referenceliquid

is

measured,

whereuponthe

test

sampleis

dropped

intothe

test

tubewiththis

liquid

and

the

amplitude

Aj

ofanNMR

signalfromthe

interstitial

residue

of

the

hydrogen-containingliquid

and

from

the

liquid

in

the

pores

is

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

25/79

measured,

then

the

hydrogen-containing

liquid

inthe

interstitial

space

is

replaced

byspecimensof

heavier

and

moreviscous

liquidnotcontaining

hydrogen

nuclei,

the

amplitude

A2ofan

NMR

signal

from

thisliquidinthe

pores

of

the

test

sample

i s

measured,

the

porosity

K

of

the

given

rocks

being

calculated

from

all

these

data

according

t o

the

formula

K= A^ _

A

r

-A

]

+

A

2

USSR

DC

513.7:519.2

THE

PRECISION

OFDIGITALANGLE

TRANSDUCERSWITHBIMODAL

INSTRUMENTALERROR

PROBABILITYDISTRIBUTION

Moscow METROLOGIYAinRussian,No2 ,1978,pp

3-9

DOMRACHEV,B .

G.,

MEYKO,B .

.

[Abstract]

Ananalysisis

presented

oftheaccuracycapabilitiesof

digi-

tal

angle

transducerswith

bimodal

error

probability

distributions,

consid-

ering

thegreat

generality

ofsuchcases. I t

i s

foundthatin

the

structural

aspect,

the

error

consists

of

both

constant

and

variablecomponents,either

of

whichmaybesystematic

or

random.

Thestatisticalstructure

of

the

constant,

random

component

is

formed

in

the

design

stage

of

the

hardware

a sa

result

of

the

tolerances

used,

while

the

variable

components

of

both

systematic

and

randomerroraredetermined

in

themanufacturingstageas

functionsofthe

measuredquantitites. Theprobability

distributions

of

thecomponentsof

errorformaseries

of

probabilitydistributions,

elongated

inthe

region

ofmodalordinates. Computercalculationsshowthat

this

reducest h e

accuracyofthe

code

generated

bythehardwaret o

40-50%.

The

maximum

possible

accuracy

i s

75-90%. The

decrease

in

accuracy

occurs

gradually

as

the

exponentsof

sectionsofthe

parabolasillustrating

the

variationof

code

reliabilityforvarioustypesofhardwareincrease. The

maximum

accuracy

isachieved

byhardwareoperatingin

the

forcedreadout

mode,

theminimum

reliabilityby

hardware

using

binary

cyclical

coding.

Figures

3 ;

Table

1 ;

References

4

Russian.

1 9

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

26/79

USSR DC

621.375.726.089.6

STUDY

OF

THE

MODULATION

CHARACTERISTICS

OFANNe-Ne

LASER

OPERATINGAT

VARIOUS

WAVELENGTHS

MoscowMETROLOGIYAinRussian,No2 ,

1978,

pp

41-43

AKCHURIN,G .

.

[Abstract]

In

order

to

determine

thebasic

physical

processes

allowing

fluctuations

inthevisibleandinfrared

radiation

lines

of

He-Ne

lasers,

the

discharge

current

was

externally

modulatedin

the

3 0

Hz-300kHz

fre-

quency

band.

Equations

are

given

whichdefine

themodulation

of

intensity

forthe

three

basicoperating

modes

ofthelaser. The

threshold effect

discussed

in

earlier

works

was

notdetected,

probably

because

of

thelow

level

of

modulation

oftheintensity

of

the

infrared

line

in

the

present

work.

Tables

2 ;

References

5

Russian.

USSR

DC

620.179.16.088

MEASUREMENTERRORS

OF

THE

USM-3

ULTRASONIC

DEFECTOSCOPE

MoscowIZMERITEL'NAYATEKHNIKAinRussian,No1 0 ,

Oct7 7 ,pp

30-31

ROMANKO,A .

A .

[Abstract]

Theboundaries

of

application

of

a

method

of

measurement

ofthe

depthofdefectsorthe

thickness

ofproductsbasedonpreliminary

adjust-

mentof

the

depth-measuring

device

using

aspecimen

ofthe

samematerial,

withinwhich

an

error

of

not

over+2%of

the

fullscale

of

the

instrument

canbeachieved,

aredetermined. Thedepth-measuring

attachment

to

the

UDM-3

defectoscopeis

used.

Itisfoundthatwhenthere

isadditional

de-

layofthesignal

withinthe

instrument

and

associated

attachments,the

errormayexceedthesetlimit.

This

errorcan

be

reduced

byusing

speci-

mens

for

adjustment

ofthe

instrument

ascloseaspossiblein

thickness

tothe

specimens

onwhich

measurements

willbe

actually

made. At

least

two

echo

signals

must

appearon

the

CRT

screen

of

the

defectoscope,

both

in

adjustment

and

in

measurement,

in

order

t o

eliminate

the

error

introduced

bysignaldelayin

thecircuitsoftheinstrument. Figure

1 ;

Reference

1

Russian.

20

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

27/79

Mining, IViroU'iiiii

USSR

DC622.945.002.4:532.001.5

LOWERINGTHEHYDRAULICDRAG

IN

DRILL

STEM

ANDANNULUS

Tashkent

IZVESTIYA

AN

UZ

SSR,

SERIYA

TEKHNICHESKIKH

NAUK

in

Russian

No

6 ,

Jun

7 7

pp

60-62,

manuscript

received

3

Mar

7 7

MAKHMUDOV,

.

Z .

AFONIN,

.

I . ,

and

MAMIROV,T .

M.

Instituteof

Geology

and

Exploration

ofOil

andGas

Deposi

t s

[Abstract]

Astudy

was

made

of

means

of

reducingthe

mud-induced

hydraulic

drag

insideand

outside

the

drill

stemby dding

asphalt

tar.

Thereduction

ofthepressurelosses,the

optimal

addif.ve

concentration

andthe

effect

of

the

asphalt

on

the

physical-mechanical

propertiesof

the

drilling

mudand

the

rockin

the

walls

ofthe

wellwere

investigated.

The

addition

of

asphalt

lowers

the

hydraulicdrag

but

ithaslittle

effect

on

the

rheological

pro-

perties

of

thedrillingmud.

Inthe

describedtests,the

pump

pressuredropped

1 5t o

17

percent,

the

double

pistonstrokesincreasedby1 5t o17percent,waterlosseswere

reduced,andthe

condition

of

the

well

was

improved. The

drilling

mud

used

had

a

specific

weight

of

1.20grams/cm^,aviscosity

of40seconds

and

a pH

of8

to

9 .

21

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

28/79

PrecisionMechanics

Optical

USSR

DC

35.85

3-1:243.2.083

CALIBRATION

OF

THE

PHOTOMETRICSCALE

OF

ASPECTROPHOTOMETER

BY

MEANSOF

THE

TRANSMISSION

SPECTRUM

OF

FLUORITE

IN

THE

800-12-0

cm

1

RANGE

Leningrad

OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA

PROMYSHLENNOST'

in

Russian,No1 ,Jan7 8 ,

pp

5-7,

manuscriptreceived2 5Mar7 7

VOROB'YEV,

V .

G . ,

ARKATOVA,

T .

G . ,

MIKHAYLOV,B .

A.

[Abstract] A

study

ismadeofthe

possibilityof

using

the

transmission

spectrumof

fluorite

inthe800-1200

cm

-1

rangeto

calibrate

the

photo-

metricscaleof

spectrophotometers.

Earlier

works

assumed

that

the

log-

arithm

of

the

absorption

factorof

fluorite

changedlineraly

with

a

change

in

wavenumber.

However,analysisofthe

opticalconstants

of

fluorite

andthemeasurementsoftheauthorshaveshownthatthisistrueonlyover

a

limited

transmissioninterval. The

deviation

from

linearityforaspeci-

menoffluorite4

mm

thick

averages

+0.003inthe

transmission

interval

0-

7/26/2019 Ada 379583

29/79

illuminance

i s

nomorethan

40 %

of

the

errorin

determiningbackground

grmet The

accuracy

requirements

indeterminationofbackground

para-

of

the

sensitive

spotontheradiation

pickup,andristhecorrelation

coefficient This

condition

ismetbyavariegatedbackground withlow

intJusiSof

differentials,

orbya

high-intensityuniformbackground

with

smallfluctuations.

References3 : 2Russian,1Western.

UDC

539.216.22:535

USSR

PROTECTION

OFOPTICALPARTS

MADE

OF-TYPE

GLASS

WITH

ATHIN

FILM

OF

TANTALUM

PENTOXIDE

LeningradOPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA

PROMYSHLENNOST'

inRussian,

No

1 ,Jan7 8 ,

pp26-27,

manuscript

received

21Dec

7 6

PERVEYEV,

A .F.,CHEREZOVA,L .

A.,

MIKHAILOV,

A .

V .

abstract 1

A

method

isdescribedfor

protectionoftype

OF

glass

by

appli-

ation

ofa

thin

film

of

Ta

2

0

5

. This

film has

high

mechanical

strength

and

hemical

stability,

sothat'llitismonolithic

and

good

adhesion

,s

achieved

i t

can

protect

the

glass

from

cracking

and

codensation.

I t i e

turn

i

a

plied

ina

vacuumby

reactive

HFato.mization

ofatargetoftype

TVCh

sheet

tantalum

ina

magnetic

fieldinan

oxygen

medium.

Figure

1 ,

REferences4

Russian.

23

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StressAnn lysis&Stain I i L y

Studies

USSR DC624.072.22.014.2.044:539.376:681.3

INFLUENCE.OF

CREEPOF

STEEL

ON

THE

DEFORMATION

OFBENDINGELEMENTS

UNDER

MOVING

LOADS

Moscow

STROITEL'NAYA

MEKHANIKA

I

RASCHETSOORUZHENIY

in

Russian,No

1 ,

1978,

pp

24-27

CHERNOV,

N .

L.,

Odessa

ConstructionEngineering

Institute

[Abstract]

A

study

i s

made

ofthe

stress-stain

state

of

single-span,

freely

resting

beams

under

the

influence

of

the

sequentialpassage

of

concentrated

forces

at

various

speeds.

The

beam

i s

considered

to

be

a

symmetrical

I-

beam,and

the

speed

of

passage

of

each

individualload

overthe

beam

i s

constant. Theresultsofexperimental

study

oftheincreasingbendingof

beamsunder

these

conditions

differ

qualitatively

fromthe

predictions

of

the

theoryofsmall

elastic-plastic

deformations.

This

article

explains

this

divergency

by

introducing

the

phenomenon

of

creep

of

the

steel

at

lowtemperatures.

Since

thesteeldoesnothave

ideal

continual

properties,

plastic

deformations

develop

init

discreetly

inthe

form

ofslip

planes

at

thelevel

of

groups

of

crystallites. Thisleadsto

eventualstopage

ofthe

creep

attheedgesof

creep

zones

and

full

stabilization

of

bending,

agreeingwithresultsofmachine

calculation. Figures

3 :

References6

Russian.

USSR DC

624.07.2.2.04

THE

ANALOGY

BETWEEN

TWISTING

OF

THINWALL

ANDBENDINGOF

COMPOSITE

RODS

AND

RODSYSTEMS

Moscow

STROITEL'NAYAMEKHANIKA

I

RASCHET

SOORUZHENIY

in

Russian,No1 ,

1978,

pp

19-24

DROZDOV,P .

F.,

MoscowConstructionEngineering

Institute

[Abstract] Earlier

works

have

shownthat

the

equations

for

thetwisting

of

athinwallrodare

mathematically

similartothe

equationsforbending

ofacompositerod. The

analogy

allows

thedesignofcertainrods(systems)

to

be

replacedby

calculation

design

of

others,

for

which

standard

solutions

are

available

for

various

particular

cases.

An

example

is

presented.

They

also

illustrate

certaincommon

specifics

in

the

behaviorofrodsand

their

systems

and

allow

these

specifics

to

be

interpretedphysically.

Figures

5 ;Tables2 ;

References6Russian.

24

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USSR

DC620.194.001.5

LOW-CYCLE

CORROSION

FATIGUE

OFPIPE

STEEL

DURINGTHE

USE

OF

MAIN

OIL

PIPELINES

MoscowSTROITEL'STVOTRUBOPROVODOVinRussian,No

4 ,

Apr

7 8 ,

pp

27-29

GUTMAN,

E .

M.,

AMOSOV,

B .

V.,

KHUDYAKOV,M .A.,Institute

of

Petroleum,

Ufa

[Abstract]

studyof

failures

of

pipes

i n

main

oil

pipelines

has

shown

that

the

most

commontype

ofrupture

is

alongitudinalfailure,notneces-

sarily

occurring

atthewelded

seam,frequently

extending

acrossbutt

welds

betweentwopipesections,but

always

beginningat

some

stress

concentrator,

either

the

weldedseam

ora

scratch

or

other

defectin

thepipe.

Plastic

deformationdoesnot

occur

at

the

point

wherethe

failure

begins,

theplane

of

failure

is

perpendicular

t o

the

surface

of

the

pipe,

and

the

failure

zoneisparallel

totheaxisof

the

pipe. Thenatureofthefailurein

thezone

where

the

crack

starts,

with

no

embrittlement

or

significant

plastic

deformation,

indicates

that

the

failureis

a

fatiguefailure

re-

sulting

from

variable

cyclical

loadings.

Pipeline

steel

specimenswere

testedfor

low-cyclefatiguefailure

in

contact

with

corrosive

and

surface-

activeagentssuch

as

thosecarriedthrough

thepipes,andwithstress

concentrators

suchasscratches,

and

itwas

foundthat

the

fatigue

strength

o fthe

specimenswassignificantly

lower

than

thestandardfatiguestrength

for

the

metalswithoutcorrosive

and

surface-active

agentsor

stress

con-

centrators.

Figures

4 .

CZECHOSLOVAKIA/USSR

DC

621.791.4/.8.053:620.169.1

TRUFJAKOV, V .I . ;GUSCA,0 .

' I . ;TR0CENK0,V .P .

CHANGES

OF

RESIDUAL

STRESSES

INCONCENTRATION

ZONES

OF

PARTSEXPOSED

TO

CYCLICAL

LOADS

Prague

STROJIRENSTVI

in

CzechVol

27No

1 1 ,

Nov7 7pp681-684

[Abstract]

Experimental

determination

of

the

life

of

welded

joints

is

dif-

ficultbecauseit

requires

modelsof

alargesizeshapedt oreproduce

the

analyzed

item. Thisis

neededsothatthe

residual

stresses

remainanalogical.

The

authorsdeveloped

a newmethod

of

determination

of

the

life

of

welds

using

experimental

resultsobtained

onsmallflat

samples.

The

method

i s

basedon

the

finding

that

the

levelofresulting

residual

stressesinthe

regions

of

concentration

will

becomestabilized

after

a

few

loadingcycles.

Theauthors

conductedtheir

experimentsusingtwosamples

18 0

mmdiameter

2 5

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20

mm

thick,and

two

samples

3 0

mm

diameter

6mm

thick

withan

original

residual

stress

of

2 5

kp/mm

2

.

For

the

calculations

of

the

stabilized

resi-

dual

stresses

theirlevelwasassumed

to

befixedafter

10loadingcycles.

The

life

of

the

weld

was

considered

t o

be

exhaustedwhen

fissures

one

to

two

mm

deepappearedin

theweld. Theexpectedlife

calculated

forthe

largesamples

was

60,000

cycles,forthe

corresponding

smallsamples

58,000

cycles.

Ultrasonic

testing

of

the

samples

was

used.

Figures

7 ;

Table1 ;

References

4 ,allUSSR.

26

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EQUJI'MKNT

Acoustical

&Ultrasonic

USSR

UDC654.926

AN

ACOUSTIC

ALARM

DEVICE

Moscow

OTKRYTIYA

IZOBRETENIYA

PROMYSHLENNYYE

OBRAZTSY

TOVARNYYE

SNAKI

in

Russian,

No

1 6 ,

0Apri78

Author's

Certificate

No

605232

1 5

Jul

7 4

ZAKOMORNYY,

.

V .

[Text]

An

alarm

device

including

a

generator

of

clocking

pulses

which

has

a

controlling

inputand

isconnected

t o

a

decoderthrough

a

pulse

counter,

the

latter

also

witha

controlling

input

connecting

tothe

first

input

of