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Adjectives and Adverbs THEY MODIFY!
Adjectives: School House
Rock Video Click the picture or video button below to access the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkuuZEey_bs
Adverbs: School House
Rock Video Click the picture or video button below to access the video.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDwXHTcodNg
Basic Adjectives
Definition of an adjective:
Modifier of nouns
Tells shape, color, size, texture, condition, how many, “personality” (type)
Quirky Adjectives
Want to know if a word is an adjective? Plug it into the following test and see if it makes sense:
The __________ NOUN is very _______________.
Suffixes for Most Adjectives
There are common suffixes (word endings) that can help you identify adjectives:
-ous: ambidextrous, insidious, impervious
-y: funny, happy
-ic: altruistic, ironic
-ate fortunate, temperate
While most words with –ate ending are VERBS, on occasion words ending in –ate are adjectives. ALWAYS check to see how the word is used. (Ex: “Aggregate” can function as a noun, adjective, OR verb.)
-ent omniscient, reticent
-ible feasible, negligible, amicable, pliable
More Adjective Suffixes
There are common suffixes (word endings) that can help you identify adjectives:
-ish peckish, reddish
-ary complimentary, elementary
-ive conducive, punitive
-able variable, amenable
Where do you find adjectives?
Within noun phrases
Right before the noun it modifies
Sometimes in a list of more than one adjective
Happily Discussing Adverbs
Definition of an adverb:
Modifier of a verb, an adjective or another adverb
Tells in what manner, how intensely, when, where, for what reason
USUALLY (but not always) ends in –ly (ex: happily is an adverb)
Adverb Suffixes
There are common suffixes (word endings) that can help you identify adverbs:
-ly quickly, slowly, beautifully, lovingly
-wise lengthwise, otherwise, clockwise
-ward backward, forward, downward
Be careful! Sometimes these words can function as EITHER adverbs or adjectives. It is important to look at the word in context.
Ex: The boy’s backward cap prevented the sun from burning his neck to a lobster-red color. (backward functions as an adjective)
Ex: The crazy man drove the car backward. (backward functions as an adverb)
Adverb Suffixes: Some of the words below function mostly as ADJECTIVES. (Friendly can function either as an adjective and adverb.)
Some more examples of
adverbs:
Not
Very
Always
Sometimes
Never
Really
Well
Almost
Too
Often
Where do you find adverbs?
Within verb phrases
Right before the adjective or other adverb it modifies
Sometimes right before the verb it modifies
One of the hallmarks of adverbs is their MOVABILITY!
REVIEW ADJECTIVES answer
the questions:
How much/many?
What kind?
Which one?
ADVERBS answer the
questions:
When?
Where?
How?
Why?
To what extent?
Under what conditions?
Memorizing these will help you later on when learning about
adverbial and adjectival phrases and clauses.
THAT’S WHERE
IT’S AT!
Prepositional
Phrases
Prepositional Phrases:
Terms to Know
preposition
prepositional phrase
adjectival
adverbial
Definition of a Preposition
pre-position = placed before
In English sentences a preposition is a word that is placed before a noun phrase
shows the relationship
between noun phrases
TWO TYPES:
1. simple prepositions
2. phrasal prepositions
Simple Prepositions
aboard about above across after
against along amid among around
as at atop before behind
below beneath beside between beyond
but (except) by despite down during
except for from in into
near of off on onto
out outside over past since
through throughout till to toward
under underneath until upon with
within without
Phrasal Prepositions
according to ahead of along with
as for aside from because of
but for contrary to except for
instead of next to out of
prior to thanks to up to
in accordance with in case of in front of
in spite of on account of o n behalf of
School House Rock Video:
Prepositions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfExXGMX2J
M
When is it NOT a Preposition?
Some prepositions (like “to”) can also act as other parts of speech, so how to do you know if it’s really a
preposition?
1. When it is not followed by a noun phrase.
2. When it is part of a verb phrase.
Preposition or Verb? TEST
Ask: Can I replace the verb+preposition with another verb?
If yes, then the preposition is part of the verb phrase. Still,
ALWAYS check to make sure a noun phrase does not follow the preposition.
Example: “UP”
The price of sugar went up again.
(increased) verb
We hiked up the steep trail.
(answering where) preposition
Does a noun phrase follow up?
Yes! up the steep trail is a prep. phrase
Prepositional Phrase
Prepositional Phrase = preposition + noun phrase
Prep + NP
Prep + (D +M+ HW)
The noun in the noun phrase is called the object of
the preposition.
How does the prepositional phrase
function in a sentence?
Prepositional phrases either show up in sentences
as part of a noun phrase
or
as a modifier of a verb phrase.
part of a noun phrase adjectival
(because it modifies/describes a noun.
In other words, it functions like an adjective. )
modifier of a verb phrase adverbial
(because it modifies/describes a verb.
In other words, it functions like an adverb.)
ADJECTIVAL Prepositional Phrase
Adjectival phrases = add detail or makes clear the identity of the noun phrase (which it will always follow)
Below are examples of prepositional phrases that function as adjectival prepositional phrases. Prepositions are marked in red font; prepositional phrases are underlined.
Examples:
my friends from Austin (describing the noun “friends”)
the road to Iowa City (describing the noun “road”)
a unit within the sentence (describing the noun “unit”)
AISD has a FREE subscription to
BrainPOP. To access these
grammar videos, log into the
AISD Student Cloud, type in
“BrainPOP,” and search for our
grammar concept!
ADVERBIAL Prepositional Phrase
Adverbial phrases = tell when, where, why, how, how often, to what extent the verb phrase takes place
Below are examples of prepositional phrases that function as adverbial prepositional phrases. Prepositions are marked in red font; prepositional phrases are underlined.
Examples:
show up throughout the sentence (where to “show up”)
swims daily in the afternoon (when to “swim”)
had exercised for his health (why “exercise”)
watched with horror (how to “watch”)
REVIEW ADJECTIVAL
Prepositional
Phrases answer the
questions:
How much/many?
What kind?
Which one?
ADVERBIAL Prepositional
Phrases answer the questions:
When?
Where?
How?
Why?
To what extent?
Under what conditions?
Food for your brain!
Directions: In the following sentences. Underline the prepositional phrases. Label each “ADJ” if it is adjectival, “ADV” if it is adverbial.
1. The Williams have lived in San Diego since 1985.
2. They like it there because of the climate.
3. I like Minnesota in spite of the cold winters.
4. Prior to 1985, the Williams lived in Baltimore.
Store it in your head!
5. According to some economists, the financial health of the Social Security System is in jeopardy.
6. I hear such predictions with skepticism.
7. Except for eggs, which rarely go up in price, the cost of
groceries is going out of sight.
Think about it!
8. Because of rice and beans, I manage to eat well on my meager income.
9. Between you and me, my grocery money may not hold out until
payday.
10. I am finding it hard to live within my budget.
In your writing… Never END a sentence with a
preposition because a preposition NEEDS an object of
the preposition.
Practice
Re-write the following sentences to avoid ending with a preposition.
Hint: Find what is supposed to be the object of the preposition, often a pronoun.
What do you want the money for?
I can’t decide where I want to go to.
Prepositions are the worst thing to end sentences with.