ADS-B Overview

Philippe Bernard-FlattotVP Air Operations

Guillaume GailletMarketing Manager Surveillance systems

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What is ADS-B?

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ADS-B definition

ADS-B : Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast“ADS-B is a surveillance application transmitting parameters, such as position,

track and ground speed, via a broadcast mode data link, and at specified intervals, for utilization by any air and/or ground users requiring it.” (ICAO)

ADS-B RAD : ADS-B for Radar AirspaceADS-B NRA : ADS-B for Non Radar AirspaceADS-B APP : ADS-B for Airport Surface Surveillance3 technologies are available:

1090Mhz extended squitter (selected as the initial link for European airspace)VDL Mode 4 (Very High Speed Data link)UAT (Universal Access Time)

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ADS-B Basic Terms

ADS-B OUT:Avionics broadcasts ADS-B Messages,e.g. Identity, Position, Intent, etc.Precondition for any ADS-B application,e.g. radar-like surveillance

ADS-B IN:Avionics receives other aircraft‘s ADS-B OUT messagesRequired for air-to-air applications,e.g. improved situation awareness,airborne separation assurance, etc.

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ADS-B OUT/ ADS-B IN

ADS-B OUTADS-B IN

ADS-B Out signal;- Flight ID- Position- Velocity- Figures of merits on positionprecision and integrity

- Misc.

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Three ADS-B Data Link TechnologiesLink Decision by ICAO:

Globally the ADS-B data link is 1090 ES. UAT and VDL-4 will be used on regional basis.

1090 MHz Mode SExtended Squitter

(1090 ES)

VHF Data LinkMode 4(VDL-4)

Universal AccessTransceiver

(UAT)

• Single Channel• 1090 MHz• Random Access• Fixed ADS-B

reporting Rate

• Multi-Channel• 108 - 137 MHz• Timeslot Access• Variable ADS-B

reporting Rate

• Single Channel• 978 MHz (Cont. US)• Timeslot Access• Fixed ADS-B

reporting Rate• Extension to Mode S• ICAO Standards exist• Mandatory Equipment

• New System• ICAO Standards exist• Test Equipment

• New System• No ICAO Standards• Test Equipment

Required Avionics: Mode S Transponder, Position Source (e.g. GPS)

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Operational benefits of ADS-BATC Surveillance in non-radar areas :

ADS-B provides ATC surveillance in non-radar areas (procedural type control) either for Terminal or En-Route control volumes which, due to the level of traffic, could not justify the installation of radar. It is also a cost effective and efficient gap-filling surveillance in the case of holes in radar surveillance coverage.

ATC Surveillance in radar areas:Compare to radar, ADS-B provides an improved refresh rate for target reports (<1 sec.), more accurate trajectory in position/speed (GPS/FMS based computation) and future trajectory intents (FMS based). Contributes to greatly improve trajectory computation accuracy leading to a more fideltrack displayed to the controller, enhanced surveillance-based Safety Nets (STCA, MSAW ..) and improved decision support tools for the controller. This is becoming particularly important in high-density traffic areas, specially high-density terminal areas with manoeuvring aircrafts and also in the final descent of the aircraft in case of parallel runway landing.

Airport Surface Surveillance :ADS-B is a new source of surveillance information to Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (SMGCS). For airport willing to increase their ground surveillance capabilities. This application contributes to enhance Runway Incursion Alert.

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What is required for ADS-B?

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What is needed: ADS-B Ground Station

• Full processing of ADS-Bdata and target management

• Standardised output (Asterixcat 021)

• World class performance for 1090 MHz Reception in heavy load environment

• Main element for FAA ADS-B System (SBSS Radio)

• Universal 1090 MHz receiver/processor suitable for MLAT, WAM, and ADS-B

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Various Airport ADS-B Application for Vehicles

Nürnberg Airport – GermanyAlmaty, Astana Airports – KazakhstanIncheon Airport – South KoreaLyon Airport – France

...are using ADS-B Ground Stations withVehicle ADS-B Transmitter, e.g. Thales Mosquito

Integrated GPS/ADS-B AntennaMosquito Onboard Unit Optional Driver Display

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ATM System

RCMS A

Typical System Architecture

ADS-B LAN B

ADS-B LAN A

ATM System

Ground Station B

Ground Station B

Ground Station B

Ground Station B

Ground Station A

Ground Station A

Ground Station A

Ground Station A

ADS-B Operational Data as Asterix Cat 21

and Maintenance Data as SNMP

Remote Site 1 Remote Site 2 Remote Site 3 Remote Site N

...

Ground Network

RCMS

LCMS(maintenance Laptop)

Local Maintenance

Access

ADS-B data are fed directly from Ground Stations into ATM Applications

ADSADS--B Integration in ATCB Integration in ATC

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ATC Operational Benefits

Increased Safety

Common Situational Awareness to controllers and aircraft crew

Enhanced ground-based safety nets (e.g. to prevent ControlledFlight Into Terrain - CFIT)

Increased Efficiency & Capacity

Short term: improved use of current procedures

«radar like services» in non radar areas, more flexible routes

fill gaps in radar coverage

Long term: reduced separation in radar environment based on

Improved surveillance source with high accuracy and high refresh rate and new procedures/roles

Improved performance of decision support tools

ADS-B Enhance Safety, Efficiency and Capacityfor ATC Operations

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ATC Domains of Application

Surveillance for En-Route or TMA

In non-radar airspace

Provides ATC surveillance in areas where level of traffic is low/medium and no radar is implemented (gap filling).

In radar airspace

Provides ATC surveillance in areas where level of traffic is medium/high and radar is implemented : complete radar or possiblyreplace it

Surveillance for Airports

Provides a new source of surveillance information to AdvancedSurface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS).

Enables basic airport surveillance for smaller airports. Contributes to enhance Runway Incursion Alert.

From En-Route through Approach Air Control to Airport Surface Control

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Integration with Automation System

ADS-B on-board transmitted information:Identification (ICAO 24 bits Address, Call Sign, …)State vector: Position, Altitude, Integrity and Accuracy Quality Indicators, Velocity, Heading,…Aircraft status (Emergency)Intent (next waypoint)etc,…

ADS-B information integration in the ATC control centreASTERIX formatted ADS-B tracks 24 bit code tracks coupling to Flight PlanIncludes Safety Net alerts (STCA, MSAW, etc), conflict detection and conflict handling. Integration to recording and analysis toolsIntegration to training simulators

Depending upon information contained in the ADS-B message

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Integration Option 1

Radar

Processing

ADS-B

Processing

FP

Processing

Adapted to upgrade of radarAdapted to upgrade of radar--based installed systems mostlybased installed systems mostlywhere Radar coverage is limited or nonwhere Radar coverage is limited or non--existent (gap filing)existent (gap filing)

Safety Net

Processing

HMI

Independent processing, single track label for positioningPr

iorit

y or

der

Integration of ADS-B withFP and SN processing Every second

Can also serve as a Bypass solution with data fusion used asCan also serve as a Bypass solution with data fusion used asMain processing (see next slide) Main processing (see next slide)

1- Radar Track

2- ADSB Track

3- ADSC Track

4- F.Plan Track

DEDICATEDSYMBOL

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Integration Option 2

Multi-sensor

Processing

FP

Processing

Manage areas where dual Radar and ADSManage areas where dual Radar and ADS--BBcoverage exist to improve accuracy and refresh ratecoverage exist to improve accuracy and refresh rate

Safety Net

Processing

HMI

Multi-source processing, single combined track label displayed

Combined Track

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Multi Sensor Tracking System

ACARS Network

CPDLCCommunication

ADS-C Surveillance

GNSS

Radar Surveillance

ADS-C Surveillance

Radar Coverage

ADS-C Surveillance

ADS-B NetworkADS-B Coverage

Mode-S

Surveillance Processor

Radar, ADS-B, WAM Fused System Tracks

Single system track for all sensorsFusion of all relevant downlinked dataMore accurate tracking

WAM Surveillance

Radar Coverage

WAM Coverage

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ADS-B On Board

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What is needed: On-board Equipment

AT-910 Directional Antenna

Bottom

Transponder #2

TX /XT Busses

Top

AT-910 Directional Antenna

TCAS

EFIS Control Panel

Omni Directional Antennas

Bottom

Top

Omni Directional Antennas

Aural Out

Transponder #1

TX /XT Busses

Class III Electronic Flight BagsClass III Electronic Flight Bags

With CDTIWith CDTI

ADSADS--B OutB Out

DODO--260/260B260/260B

CompliantCompliant

ADSADS--B InB In

SurvSurv Proc Proc

Incl. AppsIncl. Apps

GPS positionGPS position

ATC / TCASControl Panel

M C D U M E N U

< F M S 1 F M S 2 >

< A C M S

< C M S

< S A T A S A S M E U >

< A T S U T U R >

T R A F

R E N

M C D U M E N U

< F M S 1 F M S 2 >

< A C M S

< C M S

< S A T A S A S M E U >

< A T S U T U R >

T R A F

R E N

MCDUs + ND

Option 2

Option 1

Traffic Selectors

OPTION 2

OPTION 1

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ADS-B IN THE COCKPIT

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Airborne Surveillance: SWITCHING ON THE LIGHTS

+04

+ 08

+10

+09

- 04

- 05

+09

+03- 09

AF234323 H

- 05

KL455350 H

+ 09

KL455349 M

+ 09

AF062323 H

+ 10

AB145275 M

+ 03

DL007405 H

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F-GLDX130 L

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BA337274 H

+ 08

IB045270 M

+ 04

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Airborne Surveillance: SWITCHING ON THE LIGHTS

AFR6512323 M

+10

+30

-07+09

01

+21

+10

+30

-07+09

01

+21

-20+10

+09

-01-01

AFR6512

Default information +

A/C identGround SpeedWake Vortex category

AFR6512323 M

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ADS-B IN FUNCTIONALITIES

ASPA-IM:-TMA- Optimize

Runway traffic flowCDA proceduresFuel burnCO2 emissions

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Benefits of ADS-B

Efficiency

•Aircraft can fly closer together•Fuel can be reduced

•Implementation is rapid and low cost•ADS-B can be scaled and adapted

•Reduced costs per passenger

Safety•Vastly improved situational awareness•Precise position & velocity is broadcast

•Real-time data is broadcast•All users see same data

•Air and ground traffic visible •Traffic monitoring in Non-radar airspace

•Runway incursion awareness

Capacity•More aircraft fly safely at same time• Significant increase in Non-radar

airspace route density• More efficient use of runways

for takeoffs and landings

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ADS-B IN VOCABULARY

* = Cockpit Display of Traffic Information** = Air Traffic Situational Awareness

*** = ASAS : Airborne Separation Assistance System

ADS-B In trials : The pioneers

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UPS

» In 2007, the FAA granted operational approval for SafeRoute ADS-B applications installed in UPS B757. B747 and B767 (certified in 2009).

- First FAA certified Airborne ADS-B “In” applications for Commercial Aviation

- Flight Deck Merging and Spacing- CDTI Assisted Visual Separation - Surface Area Movement Management

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Airbus ITP Trial

The world’s first in-flight demo was completed inMarch 2008 using Airbus A340 test aircraft fitted with a Traffic Computer and an SAS A330, conducting the trialin Icelandic airspace.

Test results shows:Flexible procedureEasier to conduct altitude changes during cruiseHelps find more desirable flight level to avoid turbulence or favorable windsImprove efficiency by lowering fuel burn and emissions (350 lbs fuel saved per crossing (Airbus A330), 412Kg fuel saved per crossing (BAW B777))

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US Airways

» ADS-B Air to Air Capabilities –Acceleration of Surface Conflict Detection and Cockpit Alert Capabilities.

» ACSS Main Proposal included:Full OSA/OPA submittal in accordance with the Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness on the Airport Surface with Indications and Alerts (ATSA SURF IA) Operational Services and Environment Description

» Program SpecificsEquip 20 US Airways A330s – Total FAA funding 5m$Perform I&A Demo Oct 2009 at Philadelphia International AirportSTC SafeRoute functionality on A330 Aircraft Type with support from Airbus (technical requirements)

FAA contract award Nov 08

Tri-party agreement: Jan 13th 09

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EUROCONTROL CRISTAL ITP

The following summarizes the initiative:

Goal is to implement ATSAW In-Trail Procedure capable equipment in revenue service

Multi-party partnership between Eurocontrol / OEM / Avionics mfg /Airlines. Airlines will be making proposal to EC and they will independently negotiate equipage with Avionics manufacturer and OEM.

Estimated EC Co-funding of equipage cost for about 4 or 5 airlines, 3-5 aircraft total to maximize airspace volume

StatusStatus17 Airlines submitted Letter of Interest to Eurocontrol7 of the top 10 US and European operators assigned to participateLaunching follow-up sales campaign

Thank you!

BACK-UP SLIDES

Main ADS-B Implementations

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Airservices Australia to achieve as near as possible nationwide coverage above FL 300To be able to propose Airlines preferred ADS-B routes56 ADS-B Ground Stations on 28 SitesCentral Control & Monitoring system

FIRST CONTINENT-WIDE ADS-B COVERAGE

Further plans to possibly implement also Lower Airspace ProgrammePlans for ADS-B mandate in Australia

UAP – Upper Airspace ProgramUAP UAP –– Upper Airspace ProgramUpper Airspace Program

Airservices Australia

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FL300Radar

Procedural ATC in non-Radar Airspace

Many VHF outlets available, i.e. buildings, power, maintenance, links to ATC

Courtesy Airservices Australia

Radar Surveillance Coverage

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Coverage ADS-B in Australia

www.airservicesaustralia.com

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CoverageIm

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CoverageIm

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Surveillance and Broadcast Services

1090ESUAT

Non‐Equipped

Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast 

(ADS‐B)

RadioStation

ControlStation

FIS‐BProvider

ATC

Surveillance of ADS‐B equipped aircraft for Air Traffic Control and Aircraft Situational Awareness

1090ES

Non‐Equipped

Automatic Dependent Surveillance –Re‐Broadcast

(ADS‐R)

RadioStation

ControlStation

FIS‐BProvider

ATC

Cross‐Linking of ADS‐B data for Aircraft Situational Awareness

1090ESUAT

Non‐Equipped

Traffic Information Services – Broadcast

(TIS‐B)

RadioStation

ControlStation

FIS‐BProvider

ATC

Uplink of Surveillance Data of Non‐ADSB equipped aircraft  for Aircraft Situational Awareness

1090ESUAT

Non‐Equipped

Flight Information Services – Broadcast

(FIS‐B)

RadioStation

ControlStation

FIS‐BProvider

ATC

Uplink of Weather and other Flight Information for UAT Equipped Aircraft

UAT

1090ES: ADS-B, TIS-B & ADS-RUAT: ADS-B, TIS-B, FIS-B & ADS-R

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FAA Dual Track StrategyIm

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ADS-B Roadmap

USA Australia

NAV CanadaADS-B mandate for Non-Radar airspace over Hudson Bay goes into affect 2008.

6060--70%70% of aircraft are properly equipped.

Now to 20082009 to 20102009 to 20102011 to 2014

EurocontrolADS-B mandate scheduled for 2015 or sooner. Surveys shows 80%80% of major

European airport users are Transponder equipped for ADS-B Out

FAAITT contracted to deploy

Nationwide ADS-B Surveillance services by 2013.

FAA Segment 1 ADS-B ground station

implementation to be completed in 2009.

Air Services Australia29 ADS-B ground stations commissioned and in use.

ADS-B Out aircraft equipage now required.

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ADS-B in SESAR Development Phase

Projects on ADS-B technologyEnhancement of ADS-B Integrity at ground station levelFuture ADS-B link

Projects on ADS-B applicationsACAS MonitoringAirborne Spacing – Sequencing and MergingAirborne Separation – Crossing and Passing – In Trail ProcedureAirborne Self Separation

IncludesOperational RequirementsHigh level specificationsPrototypesTechnical verificationOperational validation