8
Research Article Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent-Based Surfactant-Modified Alpha Alumina Nanoparticles Thi Hai Yen Doan, 1 Thi Phuong Minh Chu, 1 Thi Diu Dinh, 1 Thi Hang Nguyen, 1,2 Thi Cam Tu Vo, 3 Nhat Minh Nguyen, 3 Bao Huy Nguyen, 4 The An Nguyen, 5 and Tien Duc Pham 1 1 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi – 19 Le anh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 2 Department of Infrastructure and Urban Environmental Engineering, Hanoi Architectural University, Nguyen Trai, anh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 3 HUS High School for Gifted Students, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 182 Luong the Vinh, anh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 4 Marie Curie School, Tran van Lai, My Dinh 1, Nam Tu Liem, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 5 499 Tran Khat Chan, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoTienDucPham;[email protected] Received 6 October 2020; Revised 25 November 2020; Accepted 30 November 2020; Published 9 December 2020 AcademicEditor:PabloRichter Copyright©2020iHaiYenDoanetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. eobjectiveofthepresentstudyistoinvestigateremovalofcationicdye,rhodamineB(RhB),inwaterenvironmentusingahigh- performance absorbent based on metal oxide nanomaterials toward green chemistry. e adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)ontosynthesizedalphaalumina(α-Al 2 O 3 )material(M0)atdifferentionicstrengthsunderlowpHwasstudiedtofabricatea new adsorbent as SDS-modified α-Al 2 O 3 material (M1).eRhBremovalusing M1wasmuchhigherthan M0underthesame experimental conditions. e optimal conditions for RhB removal using M1werefoundtobecontacttime30min,pH4,and adsorbent dosage 5mg/mL. e maximum RhB removal using M1 achieved 100%, and adsorption amount reached 52.0mg/g. Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto M1 were well fitted by the two-step adsorption model. e electrostatic attraction between positive RhB molecules and negatively charged M1 surface controlled the adsorption that was evaluated by the surface charge changewithzetapotentialandadsorptionisotherms.VeryhighRhBremovalofgreaterthan98%afterfourregenerationsof M1 and the maximum removal for all actual textile wastewater samples demonstrate that SDS-modified nano α-Al 2 O 3 is a high- performance and reusable material for RhB removal from wastewater. 1. Introduction RhodamineB(RhB)hasbeencommonlyusedasdyesinthe industries such as the printings, textiles, papermaking, paints,andleathers[1–3].AsubstantialamountofRhBhas beenreleasedintotheenvironment,pollutingthewaterand causing danger to the biological systems and human life [4–6]. e characteristics of RhB are similar with other synthetic aromatic dyes which are difficultly eliminated out of water due to the high water solubility and difficultly degraded by the light, the temperature, the chemicals, and themicrobes[7,8].eremovalofRhBisimportantforthe wastewater treatment. e conventional techniques basing on the biochemical, physical, and chemical properties are employed to remove the RhB from aqueous solution which arephotocatalyticdegradation[9,10],ionexchange[11,12], Hindawi Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry Volume 2020, Article ID 6676320, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6676320

Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

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Page 1: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

Research ArticleAdsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using NovelAdsorbent-Based Surfactant-Modified AlphaAlumina Nanoparticles

Thi Hai Yen Doan1 Thi Phuong Minh Chu1 Thi Diu Dinh1 Thi Hang Nguyen12

Thi Cam Tu Vo3 Nhat Minh Nguyen3 Bao Huy Nguyen4 The An Nguyen5

and Tien Duc Pham 1

1Faculty of Chemistry University of Science Vietnam National University Hanoi ndash 19 Le anh Tong Hoan KiemHanoi 100000 Vietnam2Department of Infrastructure and Urban Environmental Engineering Hanoi Architectural University Nguyen Traianh Xuan Hanoi 100000 Vietnam3HUS High School for Gifted Students University of Science Vietnam National University Hanoi 182 Luong the Vinhanh Xuan Hanoi 100000 Vietnam4Marie Curie School Tran van Lai My Dinh 1 Nam Tu Liem Hanoi 100000 Vietnam5499 Tran Khat Chan Hai Ba Trung Hanoi 100000 Vietnam

Correspondence should be addressed to Tien Duc Pham tienduchphngmailcom

Received 6 October 2020 Revised 25 November 2020 Accepted 30 November 2020 Published 9 December 2020

Academic Editor Pablo Richter

Copyright copy 2020 i Hai Yen Doan et al is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work isproperly cited

e objective of the present study is to investigate removal of cationic dye rhodamine B (RhB) in water environment using a high-performance absorbent based on metal oxide nanomaterials toward green chemistry e adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) onto synthesized alpha alumina (α-Al2O3) material (M0) at different ionic strengths under low pHwas studied to fabricate anew adsorbent as SDS-modified α-Al2O3 material (M1) e RhB removal using M1 was much higher than M0 under the sameexperimental conditions e optimal conditions for RhB removal using M1 were found to be contact time 30min pH 4 andadsorbent dosage 5mgmL e maximum RhB removal using M1 achieved 100 and adsorption amount reached 520mggAdsorption isotherms of RhB onto M1 were well fitted by the two-step adsorption model e electrostatic attraction betweenpositive RhB molecules and negatively charged M1 surface controlled the adsorption that was evaluated by the surface chargechange with zeta potential and adsorption isotherms Very high RhB removal of greater than 98 after four regenerations ofM1and the maximum removal for all actual textile wastewater samples demonstrate that SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 is a high-performance and reusable material for RhB removal from wastewater

1 Introduction

Rhodamine B (RhB) has been commonly used as dyes in theindustries such as the printings textiles papermakingpaints and leathers [1ndash3] A substantial amount of RhB hasbeen released into the environment polluting the water andcausing danger to the biological systems and human life[4ndash6] e characteristics of RhB are similar with other

synthetic aromatic dyes which are difficultly eliminated outof water due to the high water solubility and difficultlydegraded by the light the temperature the chemicals andthe microbes [7 8] e removal of RhB is important for thewastewater treatment e conventional techniques basingon the biochemical physical and chemical properties areemployed to remove the RhB from aqueous solution whichare photocatalytic degradation [9 10] ion exchange [11 12]

HindawiJournal of Analytical Methods in ChemistryVolume 2020 Article ID 6676320 8 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520206676320

membrane filtration [13] and adsorption [6 14 15]However these techniques show some disadvantages such asthe low efficiency the long consumption time and thenonbiodegradable product generations [1] Some re-searchers studied photocatalytic degradation of RhB fromthe industrial effluents under the effective factors of the UVradiation the temperature the electron acceptor H2O2 pH[10] and the TiO2 dosage [9 16] introducing the highremoval efficiency the low cost and the low consumptiontime However the photocatalytic degradation process ismore potential to handle RhB from the pretreated waste-water than the raw one [9] On the other hand Goto et al[17] found that the foam separation is one of the most ef-fective methods to remove zwitterionic RhB from solutionsin which RhB was adsorbed onto a the bubble surface of thesurfactant anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate Moreover ad-sorption is the most suitable methods to remove RhB fromaqueous solution [7 8 18] e activated carbons havewidely applied as adsorbents to remove RhB due to itssimplicity and efficiency [7 9 19] Recently the activatedcarbon has been produced from some diversified naturalmaterials such as the orange peels [2] the chestnut peels[20] the resins [12 14] the almond shells [19] and the palmshells [21] However activated carbon is a high-cost materialthat is not suitable for developing countries [22] ereforemany scientists pay more attention in the development oflow-cost adsorbents e RhB can be removed by raw ad-sorbents or modified-adsorbents Qin et al [23] proved thatthe Fe3O4RGO composite is more effective for RhB removalthan the activated carbon e authors also found that theRhB adsorption on the composites was 37 times higher ofthe adsorption capacity and 30 times faster of the adsorptionrate than that is on the active carbon [23] Selvam et al [24]mentioned that the sodium montmorillonite was theavailable and cheap clay for eliminating dyese removal ofRhB from the textile effluents was achieved more highlythrough the adsorption technique using the purified ben-tonite clays than the natural one due to the smaller diameterparticles and the higher proportion of bentonite in thepurified clays [25] e use of the surfactant-modified-substrates to remove RhB has been proved to be more ef-fective in many studies due to the advantages in modifyingthe surface properties and the essential surface charge[26 27] e adsorption isotherms of surfactants onto theoppositely charged surface fast reach to an equilibrium statethat is useful to modify the adsorbent surface [28] e highefficiency of RhB removal from aqueous solution was foundto be 830 by the adsorption onto the cationic surfactant-modified-bentonite clay at a high pH of 90 [26] or 993RhB removal was achieved by using anionic surfactant-modified-zeolite at a pH of 3 [27] e adsorption kinetics ofRhB using various adsorbents followed a pseudo-second-order model [15 24 26 27] e adsorption kinetics arestrongly depended on the substrate surface and the type ofsurfactant [28]

In our previous research RhB was completely removedthrough the adsorption technique using the anion surfactantsodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified-c-Al2O3 [29] Al-though c-Al2O3 has high specific surface area the α-Al2O3 is

the most stable form [30] Also α-Al2O3 is the maincomponent of the natural soil so that a comprehensive studyon α-Al2O3 is important for further investigation with thereal soil erefore the systematically adsorptive removal ofRhB using α-Al2O3 was used in the present studye SDS isapplied to modify the α-Al2O3 surface for RhB removal fromthe wastewater e adsorption mechanisms are extensivelyinvestigated basing on the charging behaviors of adsorbentand adsorption isotherms e regeneration of adsorbentand application for RhB removal from actual textilewastewater samples are also studied in this work

2 Materials and Methods

21 Materials Aluminum nitrate (Al (NO3)3middot9H2O) andNaOH pellets which are analytical reagents are deliveredfrom Samchun (Korea) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)(gt95 of purify Wako Pure Chemical Industries LtdJapan) was directly used without further purification as asurface modifier e critical micelle concentration (CMC)of SDS is measured by the conductometry under differentNaCl (p a Merck Germany) concentrations at 22degCmentioned in somewhere [31] e stock SDS solution of01M was prepared for adsorption experiments RhodamineB (RhB) was purchased fromMerck with a molecular weightof 47902 gmol and the puritygt 95 is employed as cat-ionic dye e chemical structures of SDS surfactants andRhB were described elsewhere [29] e ionic strength wascontrolled by adding the suitable volume of 01M NaCl esalt solution was filtered through a 02 μm cellulose mem-brane before using e pH solution is adjusted by theaddition of HCl and NaOH and measuring by a pH meter(Hanna Woonsocket city USA) Ultrapure water with aresistance of 182MΩcm used in all experiments was dailyproduced by an ultrapure water system (Labconco KansaiMO USA)

22 Alpha Alumina Synthesis and ModificationNanosized alpha alumina (α-Al2O3) was synthesized by thesolvothermal method according to our previously publishedpaper [32] It should be noted that all alumina forms aretransformed to α-Al2O3 at a temperature of 1200degC ereforeat the final step the alumina powder was kept at 1200degC for 12hto from α-Al2O3 completely before cooling down to roomtemperature in a desiccator is material was denoted as M0adsorbent

23 Modification of α-Al2O3 by the SDS Adsorption Prior toeach modification experiment the α-Al2O3 nanoparticleswith the size range from about 30 to 40 nm (determined byTEM (transmission electron microscopy)) were vigorouslymixed for 2 h by a multiple shaker en the nanoparticleswere sonicated for 20min to eliminate particle aggregatione α-Al2O3 adsorbents were modified by the addition of theappropriate volume of the stock SDS solution All the ad-sorption experiments were carried out at pH 6 under theionic strength condition of 001M NaCl All samples were

2 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

thoroughly shaked for 2 h to reach the adsorptionequilibrium

24 Adsorptive Removal of RhB Using α-Al2O3 and SDS-Modified α-Al2O3 e SDS modified α-Al2O3 was washedwith ultrapure water to remove the excess of SDS and toform M1 adsorbent e RhB removal using synthesizedα-Al2O3 (M0) and SDS modified α-Al2O3 (M1) was alsocarried out at room temperature (25plusmn 2oC) under differentconditions of pH contact time and adsorption dosage Eachadsorptive removal experiment was carried out at least threetimese RhB concentrations were quantified by ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at a wavelength of 554 nmusing a spectrophotometer (UV-1650 PC Shimadzu Japan)e limit of detection (LOD) of UV-Vis spectroscopy for Rhdetermination was found to be 10minus8M e removal () ofRhB was determined by

Removal Ci minus Ce

Ci

times 100 (1)

whereCi and Ce are initial and equilibrium concentrations ofRhB (molL) respectively

e adsorption capacities of SDS ontoM0 and RhB ontoM1 were determined by

Γ Ci minus Ce

mtimes M times 1000 (2)

where Γ is the adsorption amount of RhB (mgg) Ci theinitial RhB concentration (molL) Ce is the equilibriumRhB concentration (molL) M is molecular weight of RhB(gmol) and m is the adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

e adsorption isotherms of RhB ontoM1 were fitted bythe two-step model with a general isotherm equation egeneral isotherm equation [33] is

Γ Γinfink1C (1n) + k2C

nminus 11113872 1113873

1 + k1C 1 + k2Cnminus1

1113872 1113873 (3)

where Γ is the adsorption amount of RhB at concentrationC Γinfin is the maximum adsorption capacity k1 and k2 areequilibrium constants for in the first and second step re-spectively and n is cluster of adsorption C is the equilibriumconcentration of RhB

To evaluate the adsorption mechanisms the change insurface charge was evaluated by monitoring zeta (ζ) po-tential e sample was added into a plastic capillary cellthen inserted in a laser velocimetry setup Zetasizer NanoZS (Malvern Instruments UK) under the electric field of113 Vcm Each measurement was repeated 3 times with30 subruns e ζ potential was calculated by Smo-luchowskirsquos equation [34]

ζ ue ηεrs ε0

(4)

where ζ is the zeta potential (mV) սe is the electrophoreticmobility (micromcmVs) η is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid(mPa s) εrs is the relative permittivity constant of the

electrolyte solution (Fm) and ε0 is the electric permittivityof the vacuum (8854times10minus12 Fm)

3 Results and Discussion

31 Adsorption of SDS on the Synthesized α-Al2O3Nanoparticles e charging behavior of synthesizedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M0) after modifying by SDS in theacid media (pH 5) and the different ionic strengths isrepresented in Figure 1 It can be seen that the charge sign ofM0 changes and even reverses with the adsorption of anionicSDS e tendency is consistent with the previous researchstudies in which the adsorption isotherm of the anionic SDSsurfactants takes place into four regions or two steps [28 35]e zeta potential of M0 significantly decreases with theincrement of SDS concentration passing the isoelectricpoint (IEP) then moving to the saturated state in which thezeta potential keeps constant In the first region of the lowSDS concentration the zeta potential ofM0 decreases slowlyuntil the neutral net charge due to the simple main elec-trostatic interactions between the anionic surfactants andoppositely charged alumina particles at pH 5 ere is asudden decrement of ζ potential shown in the second regiondue to the surfactant aggregation on the α-Al2O3 surfacewhich is well-known as hemimicelles e repulsions be-tween SDS surfactants are shielded by the presence ofelectrolyte ions combining with the hydrocarbon chainforces resulting in forming the SDS aggregates In the thirdregion the surfactant aggregates continue to develop In thelast region the zeta potential does not change beyond thecritical micelle concentration (CMC)

e effect of ionic strength on the SDS adsorption ontoα-Al2O3 nanoparticles is clarifiede ζ potential ofM0 afteradsorbing different concentrations of SDS was measured atpH 5 and under two ionic strength conditions It is shownthat at the fixed SDS concentration the zeta potential ofα-Al2O3 nanoparticles decreases with an increment of theionic strength from 01 to 10mM of NaCl e SDS ad-sorption increased with increasing the NaCl concentratione electrolyte ions shield not only the electrostatic forcesbetween anionic SDS surfactants and oppositely chargedalumina nanoparticles but also the repulsive forces betweenSDS surfactant moleculesor between the hemimicelles [36]Herein the later effect is stronger than the former oneresulting that more SDS surfactants adsorbed and formedthe bilayer of admicelles on the M0 surface [31 37]erefore the surface charge of α-Al2O3 remained the highlynegatively charged that is useful to remove cationic dye RhBe use of 0006M SDS at 10mM NaCl is suitable to formSDS-modified α-Al2O3 (M1) material

32 Adsorptive Removal of RhB Using Different Adsorbents

321 Effect of pH e pH solution is one of the mostimportant parameter influences to RhB removal using M0andM1 materials e pH solution strongly influences to thesurface charge of adsorbent M0 and the desorption of SDSfor modified adsorbent M1 [31 38] e influence of pH onRhB removal usingM0 andM1 was carried out from pH 3 to

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 3

10 at 1mMNaCl using adsorbent dosage of 5mgmL with acontact time of 30min (Figure 2)

Figure 2 shows that the RhB removal using M0 ma-terial did not change significantly except for pH 4 in pHrange of 3ndash10 while the RhB removal reduced with anincrease of pH from 3 to 10 when using M1 material AtpH 3 α-Al2O3 may dissolve into solution so that the errorbars show the standard deviations were high for M1 [39]It should be noted that the M0 surface charge decreaseswith increasing pH but the net charge density of M0 issmall Since RhB is positive charged in the pH range sothat RhB removal usingM0 was rather low (around 25)For M1 material the SDS desorption enhanced withincreasing pH so that the net negative charge of M1decreased [38] In all pH ranges the RhB removal usingM1 was much higher than that using M0 under the sameexperimental conditions Figure 2 also indicates that theRhB removal achieved 952 and 327 at pH 4 when usingM1 andM0 materials respectively us we kept pH 4 forfurther investigation on RhB removal using both M0 andM1 materials

322 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage For adsorption techniquebinding site and specific surface area highly affect the removalefficiency because they can change the surface charge density ofadsorbent [40] e amounts of M0 and M1 materials werechanged from 05 to 30mgmL (Figure 3) Figure 3 shows thatthe RhB removal using M0 and M1 materials increased withincreasing adsorbent dosage but the RhB removal using M1achieved the highest efficiency with very small amount ofadsorbent e adsorbent dosage 5mgmL is suitable to get theremoval approximately 100 for M1 while the RhB removalusing M0 was only 26 with such adsorbent dosage usoptimal adsorbent dosage for M1 was 5mgmL

Because the RhB removal usingM1 was extremely higherthat using M0 further studies only investigate on the ad-sorption of RhB onto M1 material

323 Effect of Contact Time Contact time is known as thetime from initial mixing RhB with adsorbent e RhBremoval using M1 in the contact time range of 0ndash180min isshown in Figure 4

Figure 4 shows that the contact time for RhB removalusing M1 reached the equilibrium with only 30min istime is much faster than RhB adsorption on well-knownadsorbent as activated carbon (120min) [41] ereforecontact time of 30min was fixed for RhB removal using M1material

33 AdsorptionMechanisms of RhB onto Synthesized α-Al2O3Nanoparticles with SDS Modification (M1) Adsorptionisotherms are important to understand adsorption mecha-nisms of RhB onto synthesized α-Al2O3 nanoparticles withSDS modification (M1) Figure 5 shows that at acid media(pH 4) the adsorption of RhB at low ionic strength wasalways higher than at high ionic strength At high NaCl

ndash60

ndash50

ndash40

ndash30

ndash20

ndash10

0

10

20

30

0 0002 0004 0006 0008 001

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

SDS concentration (molL)

NaCl 1mMNaCl 10mM

Figure 1e ζ potential based on adsorption isotherms of the SDS onto α-Al2O3 nanoparticles at pH 50 and under different ionic strengthsof 1 and 10mM NaCl e standard deviation was taken by the three different measurements

0

20

40

60

80

100

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rem

oval

()

pH

α-M1α-M0

Figure 2 e effect of pH on RhB removal using α-M0 and α-M1materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M adsorbent dosage of5mgmL and contact time of 30min)

4 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

concentration the total counter ions are high that can screenthe surface charge ofM1 As a result the net negative chargeof M1 increased (see Figure 1) while the electrostatic at-traction between cationic RhB and negatively charged M1surface was decreased We suggest that RhB adsorption ontoM1 is mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and effectof ionic strength on RhB adsorption is important

As can be seen in Figure 5 the data point representedthat experimental results of RhB adsorption ontoM1 were inaccordance with a two-step adsorption model using the fitparameters in Table 1 Table 1 and Figure 5 show that theplateau RhB adsorption at 1mM NaCl was higher than at10mM Interestingly the same fit parameters of k2 and ncould be used for two isothermal adsorptions at 1 and10mMNaCl Nevertheless the k1 at 1mMNaCl was slightlyhigher than k1 t at 10mM It implies that the k1 can be usefulto predict the electrostatic interaction of RhB adsorptiononto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles e maximumadsorption capacity of RhB usingM1 materials was found tobe 52mgg that was much higher than many reported ad-sorbents [42]

To confirm the adsorption mechanism the chargingbehavior of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles before and after ad-sorption was considered Figure 6 indicates that the ζ

potential of synthesized α-Al2O3 was about +230mV at pH5 e charge reversal was taken place after SDS adsorptionso that a negative charge ofM1 was achieved (ζ - 531mV)Due to the presence of admicelles with local bilayer ontoα-Al2O3 surface the surface charge of α-Al2O3 was highlynegative [31 38] However after RhB adsorption a smallpositive of ζ was obtained e change of ζ potential indi-cates that RhB adsorption onto M1 material was controlledby electrostatic interaction that agrees well with the results ofadsorption isotherms In other word we can demonstratethat electrostatic is the main driving force that induces RhBadsorption onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles

34 e Reuse Potential and the Application of SDS-ModifiedNano α -Al2O3 e reuse potential of material is needed toexamine the stability and regeneration ofM1 adsorbent eM1 absorbent was regenerated by using 01M NaOHFigure 7 shows the RhB removal after regeneration cycles Itis clear to observe that the RhB removal changed insignif-icantly after four regenerations e RhB removal was stillhigher than 98 indicating that M1 adsorbent-based SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3 was highly reusable and highperformance of RhB removal

e application M1 adsorbent in wastewater samples isimportant to evaluate the performance of adsorbent ewastewater samples of a textile company in the Pho Noiindustrial zone in Hung Yen Province Vietnam werecollected at three different discharged locations and analyzedin the same day en the textile samples were centrifugedto remove the solids and the solutions were collected RhB ineach textile wastewater sample was removed under optimalconditions Table 2 shows the RhB removal from threewastewater samples using M1 adsorbent Although the RhBremoval is strongly influenced by many factors in actualsamples the RhB removal in all samples reached about100 Our results again indicate that SDS-modified nano

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

00000 00005 00010 00015 00020 00025 00030

1mM10mM

CRhB (molL)

Γ RhB

(mg

g)

Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M1) at two NaCl concentrations epoints are experimental data while solid lines are fitted by the two-step adsorption model

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40

Rem

oval

()

Adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

α-M1α-M0

Figure 3 e effect of adsorbent dosage on RhB removal usingα-M0 and α-M1 materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4and contact time of 30min)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Rem

oval

()

Contact time (min)

Figure 4 e effect of contact time on RhB removal using M1material (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4 and adsorbent dosage 5mgmL)

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 5

α-Al2O3 is a high-performance adsorbent for the cationicdye removal from wastewater

4 Conclusions

We have reported a scientific research on the RhB removalusing synthesized α-Al2O3 nanomaterial with surface

modification by anionic surfactant SDS e RhB removalusing SDS-modified α-Al2O3 was much higher than rawα-Al2O3 e suitable parameters for RhB removal usingSDS-modified α-Al2O3 were contact time 30min pH 4 andadsorbent dosage 5mgmL e maximum adsorption ca-pacity of RhB was found to be 520mgg while the removalreached 100 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 were in accordance with the two-stepadsorption model Based on the change in surface chargemonitoring by zeta potential and adsorption isotherm weindicate that electrostatic attraction was the main drivingforce induced adsorption e SDS-modified α-Al2O3 isreusable adsorbent for RhB removal with very high efficiencyof greater than 98 after four regeneration cycles while theRhB removal using the this adsorbent reached to about 100for actual textile wastewater

Data Availability

e data and supporting materials are included within thearticle

Conflicts of Interest

e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] C Lops A Ancona K Di Cesare et al ldquoSonophotocatalyticdegradation mechanisms of Rhodamine B dye via radicalsgeneration by micro- and nano-particles of ZnOrdquo AppliedCatalysis B Environmental vol 243 pp 629ndash640 2019

[2] M Arami N Y Limaee N M Mahmoodi and N S TabrizildquoRemoval of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orangepeel adsorbent equilibrium and kinetic studiesrdquo Journal ofColloid and Interface Science vol 288 no 2 pp 371ndash3762005

[3] N Pourreza S Rastegarzadeh and A Larki ldquoMicelle-me-diated cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric de-termination of rhodamine B using Triton X-100rdquo Talantavol 77 no 2 pp 733ndash736 2008

[4] S Madhav A Ahamad P Singh and P K Mishra ldquoA reviewof textile industry wet processing environmental impactsand effluent treatment methodsrdquo Environmental QualityManagement vol 27 no 3 pp 31ndash41 2018

[5] M Ali and T R Sreekrishnan ldquoAquatic toxicity from pulpand paper mill effluents a reviewrdquo Advances in Environ-mental Research vol 5 no 2 pp 175ndash196 2001

[6] H KaurRajvir and K Kaur ldquoRemoval of Rhodamine-B dyefrom aqueous solution onto Pigeon Dropping adsorptionkinetic equilibrium and thermodynamic studiesrdquo Journal ofMaterials and Environmental Science middot vol 5 pp 1830ndash18382014

[7] V D S Lacerda J B Lopez-Sotelo A Correa-Guimaraeset al ldquoRhodamine B removal with activated carbons obtainedfrom lignocellulosic wasterdquo Journal of Environmental Man-agement vol 155 pp 67ndash76 2015

[8] F Li Y Chen H Huang W Cao and T Li ldquoRemoval ofrhodamine B and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by a pol-yoxometalate adsorbentrdquo Chemical Engineering Research andDesign vol 100 pp 192ndash202 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4

Rem

oval

()

Number of regeneration

Figure 7 Removal of RhB usingM1 after four regenerations Errorbars show standard deviation of three replicates

Table 1 e fit parameters for adsorption RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 (M1)

CNaCl (mM) Γ (mgg) k1 (103 gmg) k2 (103 gmg)nminus1 n10 42 25 2000 291 52 30 2000 29

ndash60ndash50ndash40ndash30ndash20ndash10

0102030

Nano α-Al2O3SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1)Aer RhB adsorption

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

Figure 6 e ζ potential of synthesized nano α-Al2O3 SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1) and M1 after RhB adsorption in10mM NaCl (pH 5)

Table 2 e removal of RhB from textile wastewater using SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3

Wastewatersample

RhB concentrationbefore treatment

(times106 M)

RhBconcentrationafter treatment

(M)

Removal()

S1 57 ltLOD sim100S2 105 ltLOD sim100S3 106 ltLOD sim100

6 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

[9] R Jain M Mathur S Sikarwar and A Mittal ldquoRemoval ofthe hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic andadsorption treatmentsrdquo Journal of Environmental Manage-ment vol 85 no 4 pp 956ndash964 2007

[10] F H AlHamedi M A Rauf and S S Ashraf ldquoDegradationstudies of Rhodamine B in the presence of UVH2O2rdquo De-salination vol 239 no 1-3 pp 159ndash166 2009

[11] S Raghu and C Ahmed Basha ldquoChemical or electrochemicaltechniques followed by ion exchange for recycle of textile dyewastewaterrdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 149 no 2pp 324ndash330 2007

[12] J Yang S Yu W Chen and Y Chen ldquoRhodamine B removalfrom aqueous solution by CT269DR resin static and dynamicstudyrdquo Adsorption Science amp Technology vol 37 no 9-10pp 709ndash728 2019

[13] J Wu M A Eiteman and S E Law ldquoEvaluation of mem-brane filtration and ozonation processes for treatment ofreactive-dye wastewaterrdquo Journal of Environmental Engi-neering vol 124 no 3 p 272 1998

[14] S M Al-Rashed and A A Al-Gaid ldquoKinetic and thermo-dynamic studies on the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine Bdye on Duolite C-20 resinrdquo Journal of Saudi Chemical Societyvol 16 no 2 pp 209ndash215 2012

[15] A akur and H Kaur ldquoResponse surface optimization ofRhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste asadsorbentrdquo International Journal of Industrial Chemistryvol 8 no 2 pp 175ndash186 2017

[16] J O Carneiro A P Samantilleke P Parpot et al ldquoVisiblelight induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of in-dustrial effluents (rhodamine B) in aqueous media using TiO2nanoparticlesrdquo Journal of Nanomaterials vol 2016 Article ID4396175 13 pages 2016

[17] Y Goto Y Nema and K Matsuoka ldquoRemoval of zwitterionicrhodamine B using foam separationrdquo Journal of Oleo Sciencevol 69 no 6 pp 563ndash567 2020

[18] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola andG A Olatunji ldquoAdsorptionof rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on irvingiagabonensis biomass kinetics and thermodynamics studiesrdquoSouth African Journal of Chemistry vol 68 pp 115ndash125 2015

[19] N Abdolrahimi and A Tadjarodi ldquoAdsorption of rhodamine-B from aqueous solution by activated carbon from almondshellrdquo Proceedings vol 41 no 1 p 51 2019

[20] T A Khan M Nazir and E A Kha ldquoAdsorptive removal ofrhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut(Trapa natans L) peel adsorption dynamics and kineticstudiesrdquo Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry vol 952013

[21] M Mohammadi A J Hassani A R Mohamed andG D Najafpour ldquoRemoval of rhodamine B from aqueoussolution using palm shell-based activated carbon adsorptionand kinetic studiesrdquo Journal of Chemical and EngineeringData vol 55 no 12 pp 5777ndash5785 2010

[22] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola and G A Olatunji ldquoLiquidphase adsorptions of Rhodamine B dye onto raw and chitosansupported mesoporous adsorbents isotherms and kineticsstudiesrdquo Applied Water Science vol 7 no 5 pp 2297ndash23072017

[23] Y Qin M Long B Tan and B Zhou ldquoRhB adsorptionperformance of magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4RGO compositeand its regeneration through A fenton-like reactionrdquo Nano-Micro Letters vol 6 no 2 pp 125ndash135 2014

[24] P P Selvam S Preethi P Basakaralingam N N inakaranA Sivasamy and S Sivanesan ldquoRemoval of rhodamine Bfrom aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium

montmorilloniterdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 155no 1-2 pp 39ndash44 2008

[25] J F D Neto I D S Pereira V C D Silva H C FerreiraG D A Neves and R R Menezes ldquoStudy of equilibrium andkinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentoniteclaysrdquo Ceramica vol 64 pp 598ndash607 2018

[26] T S Anirudhan and M Ramachandran ldquoAdsorptive removalof basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modifiedbentonite clay (organoclay) kinetic and competitive ad-sorption isothermrdquo Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection vol 95 pp 215ndash225 2015

[27] A A AbdulRazak and S Rohani ldquoSodium dodecyl sulfate-modified Fe2O3molecular sieves for removal of rhodamine Bdyesrdquo Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringvol 2018 Article ID 3849867 10 pages 2018

[28] S Paria and K C Khilar ldquoA review on experimental studies ofsurfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water inter-facerdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 110 no 3pp 75ndash95 2004

[29] T Chu N Nguyen T Vu et al ldquoSynthesis characterizationand modification of alumina nanoparticles for cationic dyeremovalrdquo Materials vol 12 no 3 p 450 2019

[30] S Singh V C Srivastava T K Mandal and I D MallldquoSynthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterialsfrom solid waste for application in dye degradationrdquo RSCAdvances vol 4 no 92 pp 50801ndash50810 2014

[31] T D Pham M Kobayashi and Y Adachi ldquoAdsorption ofanionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate onto alpha aluminawith small surface areardquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 293no 1 pp 217ndash227 2015

[32] N T Nguyen T H Dao T T Truong T M T Nguyen andT D Pham ldquoAdsorption characteristic of ciprofloxacin an-tibiotic onto synthesized alpha alumina nanoparticles withsurface modification by polyanionrdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 309 p 113150 2020

[33] B-Y Zhu and T Gu ldquoSurfactant adsorption at solid-liquidinterfacesrdquo Advances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 37no 1-2 pp 1ndash32 1991

[34] A V Delgado F Gonzalez-Caballero R J HunterL K Koopal and J Lyklema ldquoMeasurement and interpre-tation of electrokinetic phenomenardquo Journal of Colloid andInterface Science vol 309 no 2 pp 194ndash224 2007

[35] R Zhang and P Somasundaran ldquoAdvances in adsorption ofsurfactants and their mixtures at solidsolution interfacesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 123-126pp 213ndash229 2006

[36] J Zhang Y Meng Y Tian and X Zhang ldquoEffect of con-centration and addition of ions on the adsorption of sodiumdodecyl sulfate on stainless steel surface in aqueous solutionsrdquoColloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects vol 484 pp 408ndash415 2015

[37] T D Pham T T Tran V A Le T T Pham T H Dao andT S Le ldquoAdsorption characteristics of molecular oxytetra-cycline onto alumina particles the role of surface modificationwith an anionic surfactantrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 287 Article ID 110900 2019

[38] T D Pham T T Do V L Ha et al ldquoAdsorptive removal ofammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified aluminardquo Environmental Chemistry vol 14 no 5pp 327ndash337 2017

[39] G Lefevre M Duc and M Fedoroff ldquoEffect of solubility onthe determination of the protonable surface site density ofoxyhydroxidesrdquo Journal of Colloid and Interface Sciencevol 269 no 2 pp 274ndash282 2004

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 7

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Page 2: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

membrane filtration [13] and adsorption [6 14 15]However these techniques show some disadvantages such asthe low efficiency the long consumption time and thenonbiodegradable product generations [1] Some re-searchers studied photocatalytic degradation of RhB fromthe industrial effluents under the effective factors of the UVradiation the temperature the electron acceptor H2O2 pH[10] and the TiO2 dosage [9 16] introducing the highremoval efficiency the low cost and the low consumptiontime However the photocatalytic degradation process ismore potential to handle RhB from the pretreated waste-water than the raw one [9] On the other hand Goto et al[17] found that the foam separation is one of the most ef-fective methods to remove zwitterionic RhB from solutionsin which RhB was adsorbed onto a the bubble surface of thesurfactant anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate Moreover ad-sorption is the most suitable methods to remove RhB fromaqueous solution [7 8 18] e activated carbons havewidely applied as adsorbents to remove RhB due to itssimplicity and efficiency [7 9 19] Recently the activatedcarbon has been produced from some diversified naturalmaterials such as the orange peels [2] the chestnut peels[20] the resins [12 14] the almond shells [19] and the palmshells [21] However activated carbon is a high-cost materialthat is not suitable for developing countries [22] ereforemany scientists pay more attention in the development oflow-cost adsorbents e RhB can be removed by raw ad-sorbents or modified-adsorbents Qin et al [23] proved thatthe Fe3O4RGO composite is more effective for RhB removalthan the activated carbon e authors also found that theRhB adsorption on the composites was 37 times higher ofthe adsorption capacity and 30 times faster of the adsorptionrate than that is on the active carbon [23] Selvam et al [24]mentioned that the sodium montmorillonite was theavailable and cheap clay for eliminating dyese removal ofRhB from the textile effluents was achieved more highlythrough the adsorption technique using the purified ben-tonite clays than the natural one due to the smaller diameterparticles and the higher proportion of bentonite in thepurified clays [25] e use of the surfactant-modified-substrates to remove RhB has been proved to be more ef-fective in many studies due to the advantages in modifyingthe surface properties and the essential surface charge[26 27] e adsorption isotherms of surfactants onto theoppositely charged surface fast reach to an equilibrium statethat is useful to modify the adsorbent surface [28] e highefficiency of RhB removal from aqueous solution was foundto be 830 by the adsorption onto the cationic surfactant-modified-bentonite clay at a high pH of 90 [26] or 993RhB removal was achieved by using anionic surfactant-modified-zeolite at a pH of 3 [27] e adsorption kinetics ofRhB using various adsorbents followed a pseudo-second-order model [15 24 26 27] e adsorption kinetics arestrongly depended on the substrate surface and the type ofsurfactant [28]

In our previous research RhB was completely removedthrough the adsorption technique using the anion surfactantsodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified-c-Al2O3 [29] Al-though c-Al2O3 has high specific surface area the α-Al2O3 is

the most stable form [30] Also α-Al2O3 is the maincomponent of the natural soil so that a comprehensive studyon α-Al2O3 is important for further investigation with thereal soil erefore the systematically adsorptive removal ofRhB using α-Al2O3 was used in the present studye SDS isapplied to modify the α-Al2O3 surface for RhB removal fromthe wastewater e adsorption mechanisms are extensivelyinvestigated basing on the charging behaviors of adsorbentand adsorption isotherms e regeneration of adsorbentand application for RhB removal from actual textilewastewater samples are also studied in this work

2 Materials and Methods

21 Materials Aluminum nitrate (Al (NO3)3middot9H2O) andNaOH pellets which are analytical reagents are deliveredfrom Samchun (Korea) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)(gt95 of purify Wako Pure Chemical Industries LtdJapan) was directly used without further purification as asurface modifier e critical micelle concentration (CMC)of SDS is measured by the conductometry under differentNaCl (p a Merck Germany) concentrations at 22degCmentioned in somewhere [31] e stock SDS solution of01M was prepared for adsorption experiments RhodamineB (RhB) was purchased fromMerck with a molecular weightof 47902 gmol and the puritygt 95 is employed as cat-ionic dye e chemical structures of SDS surfactants andRhB were described elsewhere [29] e ionic strength wascontrolled by adding the suitable volume of 01M NaCl esalt solution was filtered through a 02 μm cellulose mem-brane before using e pH solution is adjusted by theaddition of HCl and NaOH and measuring by a pH meter(Hanna Woonsocket city USA) Ultrapure water with aresistance of 182MΩcm used in all experiments was dailyproduced by an ultrapure water system (Labconco KansaiMO USA)

22 Alpha Alumina Synthesis and ModificationNanosized alpha alumina (α-Al2O3) was synthesized by thesolvothermal method according to our previously publishedpaper [32] It should be noted that all alumina forms aretransformed to α-Al2O3 at a temperature of 1200degC ereforeat the final step the alumina powder was kept at 1200degC for 12hto from α-Al2O3 completely before cooling down to roomtemperature in a desiccator is material was denoted as M0adsorbent

23 Modification of α-Al2O3 by the SDS Adsorption Prior toeach modification experiment the α-Al2O3 nanoparticleswith the size range from about 30 to 40 nm (determined byTEM (transmission electron microscopy)) were vigorouslymixed for 2 h by a multiple shaker en the nanoparticleswere sonicated for 20min to eliminate particle aggregatione α-Al2O3 adsorbents were modified by the addition of theappropriate volume of the stock SDS solution All the ad-sorption experiments were carried out at pH 6 under theionic strength condition of 001M NaCl All samples were

2 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

thoroughly shaked for 2 h to reach the adsorptionequilibrium

24 Adsorptive Removal of RhB Using α-Al2O3 and SDS-Modified α-Al2O3 e SDS modified α-Al2O3 was washedwith ultrapure water to remove the excess of SDS and toform M1 adsorbent e RhB removal using synthesizedα-Al2O3 (M0) and SDS modified α-Al2O3 (M1) was alsocarried out at room temperature (25plusmn 2oC) under differentconditions of pH contact time and adsorption dosage Eachadsorptive removal experiment was carried out at least threetimese RhB concentrations were quantified by ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at a wavelength of 554 nmusing a spectrophotometer (UV-1650 PC Shimadzu Japan)e limit of detection (LOD) of UV-Vis spectroscopy for Rhdetermination was found to be 10minus8M e removal () ofRhB was determined by

Removal Ci minus Ce

Ci

times 100 (1)

whereCi and Ce are initial and equilibrium concentrations ofRhB (molL) respectively

e adsorption capacities of SDS ontoM0 and RhB ontoM1 were determined by

Γ Ci minus Ce

mtimes M times 1000 (2)

where Γ is the adsorption amount of RhB (mgg) Ci theinitial RhB concentration (molL) Ce is the equilibriumRhB concentration (molL) M is molecular weight of RhB(gmol) and m is the adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

e adsorption isotherms of RhB ontoM1 were fitted bythe two-step model with a general isotherm equation egeneral isotherm equation [33] is

Γ Γinfink1C (1n) + k2C

nminus 11113872 1113873

1 + k1C 1 + k2Cnminus1

1113872 1113873 (3)

where Γ is the adsorption amount of RhB at concentrationC Γinfin is the maximum adsorption capacity k1 and k2 areequilibrium constants for in the first and second step re-spectively and n is cluster of adsorption C is the equilibriumconcentration of RhB

To evaluate the adsorption mechanisms the change insurface charge was evaluated by monitoring zeta (ζ) po-tential e sample was added into a plastic capillary cellthen inserted in a laser velocimetry setup Zetasizer NanoZS (Malvern Instruments UK) under the electric field of113 Vcm Each measurement was repeated 3 times with30 subruns e ζ potential was calculated by Smo-luchowskirsquos equation [34]

ζ ue ηεrs ε0

(4)

where ζ is the zeta potential (mV) սe is the electrophoreticmobility (micromcmVs) η is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid(mPa s) εrs is the relative permittivity constant of the

electrolyte solution (Fm) and ε0 is the electric permittivityof the vacuum (8854times10minus12 Fm)

3 Results and Discussion

31 Adsorption of SDS on the Synthesized α-Al2O3Nanoparticles e charging behavior of synthesizedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M0) after modifying by SDS in theacid media (pH 5) and the different ionic strengths isrepresented in Figure 1 It can be seen that the charge sign ofM0 changes and even reverses with the adsorption of anionicSDS e tendency is consistent with the previous researchstudies in which the adsorption isotherm of the anionic SDSsurfactants takes place into four regions or two steps [28 35]e zeta potential of M0 significantly decreases with theincrement of SDS concentration passing the isoelectricpoint (IEP) then moving to the saturated state in which thezeta potential keeps constant In the first region of the lowSDS concentration the zeta potential ofM0 decreases slowlyuntil the neutral net charge due to the simple main elec-trostatic interactions between the anionic surfactants andoppositely charged alumina particles at pH 5 ere is asudden decrement of ζ potential shown in the second regiondue to the surfactant aggregation on the α-Al2O3 surfacewhich is well-known as hemimicelles e repulsions be-tween SDS surfactants are shielded by the presence ofelectrolyte ions combining with the hydrocarbon chainforces resulting in forming the SDS aggregates In the thirdregion the surfactant aggregates continue to develop In thelast region the zeta potential does not change beyond thecritical micelle concentration (CMC)

e effect of ionic strength on the SDS adsorption ontoα-Al2O3 nanoparticles is clarifiede ζ potential ofM0 afteradsorbing different concentrations of SDS was measured atpH 5 and under two ionic strength conditions It is shownthat at the fixed SDS concentration the zeta potential ofα-Al2O3 nanoparticles decreases with an increment of theionic strength from 01 to 10mM of NaCl e SDS ad-sorption increased with increasing the NaCl concentratione electrolyte ions shield not only the electrostatic forcesbetween anionic SDS surfactants and oppositely chargedalumina nanoparticles but also the repulsive forces betweenSDS surfactant moleculesor between the hemimicelles [36]Herein the later effect is stronger than the former oneresulting that more SDS surfactants adsorbed and formedthe bilayer of admicelles on the M0 surface [31 37]erefore the surface charge of α-Al2O3 remained the highlynegatively charged that is useful to remove cationic dye RhBe use of 0006M SDS at 10mM NaCl is suitable to formSDS-modified α-Al2O3 (M1) material

32 Adsorptive Removal of RhB Using Different Adsorbents

321 Effect of pH e pH solution is one of the mostimportant parameter influences to RhB removal using M0andM1 materials e pH solution strongly influences to thesurface charge of adsorbent M0 and the desorption of SDSfor modified adsorbent M1 [31 38] e influence of pH onRhB removal usingM0 andM1 was carried out from pH 3 to

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 3

10 at 1mMNaCl using adsorbent dosage of 5mgmL with acontact time of 30min (Figure 2)

Figure 2 shows that the RhB removal using M0 ma-terial did not change significantly except for pH 4 in pHrange of 3ndash10 while the RhB removal reduced with anincrease of pH from 3 to 10 when using M1 material AtpH 3 α-Al2O3 may dissolve into solution so that the errorbars show the standard deviations were high for M1 [39]It should be noted that the M0 surface charge decreaseswith increasing pH but the net charge density of M0 issmall Since RhB is positive charged in the pH range sothat RhB removal usingM0 was rather low (around 25)For M1 material the SDS desorption enhanced withincreasing pH so that the net negative charge of M1decreased [38] In all pH ranges the RhB removal usingM1 was much higher than that using M0 under the sameexperimental conditions Figure 2 also indicates that theRhB removal achieved 952 and 327 at pH 4 when usingM1 andM0 materials respectively us we kept pH 4 forfurther investigation on RhB removal using both M0 andM1 materials

322 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage For adsorption techniquebinding site and specific surface area highly affect the removalefficiency because they can change the surface charge density ofadsorbent [40] e amounts of M0 and M1 materials werechanged from 05 to 30mgmL (Figure 3) Figure 3 shows thatthe RhB removal using M0 and M1 materials increased withincreasing adsorbent dosage but the RhB removal using M1achieved the highest efficiency with very small amount ofadsorbent e adsorbent dosage 5mgmL is suitable to get theremoval approximately 100 for M1 while the RhB removalusing M0 was only 26 with such adsorbent dosage usoptimal adsorbent dosage for M1 was 5mgmL

Because the RhB removal usingM1 was extremely higherthat using M0 further studies only investigate on the ad-sorption of RhB onto M1 material

323 Effect of Contact Time Contact time is known as thetime from initial mixing RhB with adsorbent e RhBremoval using M1 in the contact time range of 0ndash180min isshown in Figure 4

Figure 4 shows that the contact time for RhB removalusing M1 reached the equilibrium with only 30min istime is much faster than RhB adsorption on well-knownadsorbent as activated carbon (120min) [41] ereforecontact time of 30min was fixed for RhB removal using M1material

33 AdsorptionMechanisms of RhB onto Synthesized α-Al2O3Nanoparticles with SDS Modification (M1) Adsorptionisotherms are important to understand adsorption mecha-nisms of RhB onto synthesized α-Al2O3 nanoparticles withSDS modification (M1) Figure 5 shows that at acid media(pH 4) the adsorption of RhB at low ionic strength wasalways higher than at high ionic strength At high NaCl

ndash60

ndash50

ndash40

ndash30

ndash20

ndash10

0

10

20

30

0 0002 0004 0006 0008 001

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

SDS concentration (molL)

NaCl 1mMNaCl 10mM

Figure 1e ζ potential based on adsorption isotherms of the SDS onto α-Al2O3 nanoparticles at pH 50 and under different ionic strengthsof 1 and 10mM NaCl e standard deviation was taken by the three different measurements

0

20

40

60

80

100

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rem

oval

()

pH

α-M1α-M0

Figure 2 e effect of pH on RhB removal using α-M0 and α-M1materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M adsorbent dosage of5mgmL and contact time of 30min)

4 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

concentration the total counter ions are high that can screenthe surface charge ofM1 As a result the net negative chargeof M1 increased (see Figure 1) while the electrostatic at-traction between cationic RhB and negatively charged M1surface was decreased We suggest that RhB adsorption ontoM1 is mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and effectof ionic strength on RhB adsorption is important

As can be seen in Figure 5 the data point representedthat experimental results of RhB adsorption ontoM1 were inaccordance with a two-step adsorption model using the fitparameters in Table 1 Table 1 and Figure 5 show that theplateau RhB adsorption at 1mM NaCl was higher than at10mM Interestingly the same fit parameters of k2 and ncould be used for two isothermal adsorptions at 1 and10mMNaCl Nevertheless the k1 at 1mMNaCl was slightlyhigher than k1 t at 10mM It implies that the k1 can be usefulto predict the electrostatic interaction of RhB adsorptiononto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles e maximumadsorption capacity of RhB usingM1 materials was found tobe 52mgg that was much higher than many reported ad-sorbents [42]

To confirm the adsorption mechanism the chargingbehavior of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles before and after ad-sorption was considered Figure 6 indicates that the ζ

potential of synthesized α-Al2O3 was about +230mV at pH5 e charge reversal was taken place after SDS adsorptionso that a negative charge ofM1 was achieved (ζ - 531mV)Due to the presence of admicelles with local bilayer ontoα-Al2O3 surface the surface charge of α-Al2O3 was highlynegative [31 38] However after RhB adsorption a smallpositive of ζ was obtained e change of ζ potential indi-cates that RhB adsorption onto M1 material was controlledby electrostatic interaction that agrees well with the results ofadsorption isotherms In other word we can demonstratethat electrostatic is the main driving force that induces RhBadsorption onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles

34 e Reuse Potential and the Application of SDS-ModifiedNano α -Al2O3 e reuse potential of material is needed toexamine the stability and regeneration ofM1 adsorbent eM1 absorbent was regenerated by using 01M NaOHFigure 7 shows the RhB removal after regeneration cycles Itis clear to observe that the RhB removal changed insignif-icantly after four regenerations e RhB removal was stillhigher than 98 indicating that M1 adsorbent-based SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3 was highly reusable and highperformance of RhB removal

e application M1 adsorbent in wastewater samples isimportant to evaluate the performance of adsorbent ewastewater samples of a textile company in the Pho Noiindustrial zone in Hung Yen Province Vietnam werecollected at three different discharged locations and analyzedin the same day en the textile samples were centrifugedto remove the solids and the solutions were collected RhB ineach textile wastewater sample was removed under optimalconditions Table 2 shows the RhB removal from threewastewater samples using M1 adsorbent Although the RhBremoval is strongly influenced by many factors in actualsamples the RhB removal in all samples reached about100 Our results again indicate that SDS-modified nano

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

00000 00005 00010 00015 00020 00025 00030

1mM10mM

CRhB (molL)

Γ RhB

(mg

g)

Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M1) at two NaCl concentrations epoints are experimental data while solid lines are fitted by the two-step adsorption model

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40

Rem

oval

()

Adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

α-M1α-M0

Figure 3 e effect of adsorbent dosage on RhB removal usingα-M0 and α-M1 materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4and contact time of 30min)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Rem

oval

()

Contact time (min)

Figure 4 e effect of contact time on RhB removal using M1material (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4 and adsorbent dosage 5mgmL)

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 5

α-Al2O3 is a high-performance adsorbent for the cationicdye removal from wastewater

4 Conclusions

We have reported a scientific research on the RhB removalusing synthesized α-Al2O3 nanomaterial with surface

modification by anionic surfactant SDS e RhB removalusing SDS-modified α-Al2O3 was much higher than rawα-Al2O3 e suitable parameters for RhB removal usingSDS-modified α-Al2O3 were contact time 30min pH 4 andadsorbent dosage 5mgmL e maximum adsorption ca-pacity of RhB was found to be 520mgg while the removalreached 100 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 were in accordance with the two-stepadsorption model Based on the change in surface chargemonitoring by zeta potential and adsorption isotherm weindicate that electrostatic attraction was the main drivingforce induced adsorption e SDS-modified α-Al2O3 isreusable adsorbent for RhB removal with very high efficiencyof greater than 98 after four regeneration cycles while theRhB removal using the this adsorbent reached to about 100for actual textile wastewater

Data Availability

e data and supporting materials are included within thearticle

Conflicts of Interest

e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] C Lops A Ancona K Di Cesare et al ldquoSonophotocatalyticdegradation mechanisms of Rhodamine B dye via radicalsgeneration by micro- and nano-particles of ZnOrdquo AppliedCatalysis B Environmental vol 243 pp 629ndash640 2019

[2] M Arami N Y Limaee N M Mahmoodi and N S TabrizildquoRemoval of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orangepeel adsorbent equilibrium and kinetic studiesrdquo Journal ofColloid and Interface Science vol 288 no 2 pp 371ndash3762005

[3] N Pourreza S Rastegarzadeh and A Larki ldquoMicelle-me-diated cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric de-termination of rhodamine B using Triton X-100rdquo Talantavol 77 no 2 pp 733ndash736 2008

[4] S Madhav A Ahamad P Singh and P K Mishra ldquoA reviewof textile industry wet processing environmental impactsand effluent treatment methodsrdquo Environmental QualityManagement vol 27 no 3 pp 31ndash41 2018

[5] M Ali and T R Sreekrishnan ldquoAquatic toxicity from pulpand paper mill effluents a reviewrdquo Advances in Environ-mental Research vol 5 no 2 pp 175ndash196 2001

[6] H KaurRajvir and K Kaur ldquoRemoval of Rhodamine-B dyefrom aqueous solution onto Pigeon Dropping adsorptionkinetic equilibrium and thermodynamic studiesrdquo Journal ofMaterials and Environmental Science middot vol 5 pp 1830ndash18382014

[7] V D S Lacerda J B Lopez-Sotelo A Correa-Guimaraeset al ldquoRhodamine B removal with activated carbons obtainedfrom lignocellulosic wasterdquo Journal of Environmental Man-agement vol 155 pp 67ndash76 2015

[8] F Li Y Chen H Huang W Cao and T Li ldquoRemoval ofrhodamine B and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by a pol-yoxometalate adsorbentrdquo Chemical Engineering Research andDesign vol 100 pp 192ndash202 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4

Rem

oval

()

Number of regeneration

Figure 7 Removal of RhB usingM1 after four regenerations Errorbars show standard deviation of three replicates

Table 1 e fit parameters for adsorption RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 (M1)

CNaCl (mM) Γ (mgg) k1 (103 gmg) k2 (103 gmg)nminus1 n10 42 25 2000 291 52 30 2000 29

ndash60ndash50ndash40ndash30ndash20ndash10

0102030

Nano α-Al2O3SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1)Aer RhB adsorption

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

Figure 6 e ζ potential of synthesized nano α-Al2O3 SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1) and M1 after RhB adsorption in10mM NaCl (pH 5)

Table 2 e removal of RhB from textile wastewater using SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3

Wastewatersample

RhB concentrationbefore treatment

(times106 M)

RhBconcentrationafter treatment

(M)

Removal()

S1 57 ltLOD sim100S2 105 ltLOD sim100S3 106 ltLOD sim100

6 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

[9] R Jain M Mathur S Sikarwar and A Mittal ldquoRemoval ofthe hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic andadsorption treatmentsrdquo Journal of Environmental Manage-ment vol 85 no 4 pp 956ndash964 2007

[10] F H AlHamedi M A Rauf and S S Ashraf ldquoDegradationstudies of Rhodamine B in the presence of UVH2O2rdquo De-salination vol 239 no 1-3 pp 159ndash166 2009

[11] S Raghu and C Ahmed Basha ldquoChemical or electrochemicaltechniques followed by ion exchange for recycle of textile dyewastewaterrdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 149 no 2pp 324ndash330 2007

[12] J Yang S Yu W Chen and Y Chen ldquoRhodamine B removalfrom aqueous solution by CT269DR resin static and dynamicstudyrdquo Adsorption Science amp Technology vol 37 no 9-10pp 709ndash728 2019

[13] J Wu M A Eiteman and S E Law ldquoEvaluation of mem-brane filtration and ozonation processes for treatment ofreactive-dye wastewaterrdquo Journal of Environmental Engi-neering vol 124 no 3 p 272 1998

[14] S M Al-Rashed and A A Al-Gaid ldquoKinetic and thermo-dynamic studies on the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine Bdye on Duolite C-20 resinrdquo Journal of Saudi Chemical Societyvol 16 no 2 pp 209ndash215 2012

[15] A akur and H Kaur ldquoResponse surface optimization ofRhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste asadsorbentrdquo International Journal of Industrial Chemistryvol 8 no 2 pp 175ndash186 2017

[16] J O Carneiro A P Samantilleke P Parpot et al ldquoVisiblelight induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of in-dustrial effluents (rhodamine B) in aqueous media using TiO2nanoparticlesrdquo Journal of Nanomaterials vol 2016 Article ID4396175 13 pages 2016

[17] Y Goto Y Nema and K Matsuoka ldquoRemoval of zwitterionicrhodamine B using foam separationrdquo Journal of Oleo Sciencevol 69 no 6 pp 563ndash567 2020

[18] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola andG A Olatunji ldquoAdsorptionof rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on irvingiagabonensis biomass kinetics and thermodynamics studiesrdquoSouth African Journal of Chemistry vol 68 pp 115ndash125 2015

[19] N Abdolrahimi and A Tadjarodi ldquoAdsorption of rhodamine-B from aqueous solution by activated carbon from almondshellrdquo Proceedings vol 41 no 1 p 51 2019

[20] T A Khan M Nazir and E A Kha ldquoAdsorptive removal ofrhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut(Trapa natans L) peel adsorption dynamics and kineticstudiesrdquo Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry vol 952013

[21] M Mohammadi A J Hassani A R Mohamed andG D Najafpour ldquoRemoval of rhodamine B from aqueoussolution using palm shell-based activated carbon adsorptionand kinetic studiesrdquo Journal of Chemical and EngineeringData vol 55 no 12 pp 5777ndash5785 2010

[22] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola and G A Olatunji ldquoLiquidphase adsorptions of Rhodamine B dye onto raw and chitosansupported mesoporous adsorbents isotherms and kineticsstudiesrdquo Applied Water Science vol 7 no 5 pp 2297ndash23072017

[23] Y Qin M Long B Tan and B Zhou ldquoRhB adsorptionperformance of magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4RGO compositeand its regeneration through A fenton-like reactionrdquo Nano-Micro Letters vol 6 no 2 pp 125ndash135 2014

[24] P P Selvam S Preethi P Basakaralingam N N inakaranA Sivasamy and S Sivanesan ldquoRemoval of rhodamine Bfrom aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium

montmorilloniterdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 155no 1-2 pp 39ndash44 2008

[25] J F D Neto I D S Pereira V C D Silva H C FerreiraG D A Neves and R R Menezes ldquoStudy of equilibrium andkinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentoniteclaysrdquo Ceramica vol 64 pp 598ndash607 2018

[26] T S Anirudhan and M Ramachandran ldquoAdsorptive removalof basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modifiedbentonite clay (organoclay) kinetic and competitive ad-sorption isothermrdquo Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection vol 95 pp 215ndash225 2015

[27] A A AbdulRazak and S Rohani ldquoSodium dodecyl sulfate-modified Fe2O3molecular sieves for removal of rhodamine Bdyesrdquo Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringvol 2018 Article ID 3849867 10 pages 2018

[28] S Paria and K C Khilar ldquoA review on experimental studies ofsurfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water inter-facerdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 110 no 3pp 75ndash95 2004

[29] T Chu N Nguyen T Vu et al ldquoSynthesis characterizationand modification of alumina nanoparticles for cationic dyeremovalrdquo Materials vol 12 no 3 p 450 2019

[30] S Singh V C Srivastava T K Mandal and I D MallldquoSynthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterialsfrom solid waste for application in dye degradationrdquo RSCAdvances vol 4 no 92 pp 50801ndash50810 2014

[31] T D Pham M Kobayashi and Y Adachi ldquoAdsorption ofanionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate onto alpha aluminawith small surface areardquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 293no 1 pp 217ndash227 2015

[32] N T Nguyen T H Dao T T Truong T M T Nguyen andT D Pham ldquoAdsorption characteristic of ciprofloxacin an-tibiotic onto synthesized alpha alumina nanoparticles withsurface modification by polyanionrdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 309 p 113150 2020

[33] B-Y Zhu and T Gu ldquoSurfactant adsorption at solid-liquidinterfacesrdquo Advances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 37no 1-2 pp 1ndash32 1991

[34] A V Delgado F Gonzalez-Caballero R J HunterL K Koopal and J Lyklema ldquoMeasurement and interpre-tation of electrokinetic phenomenardquo Journal of Colloid andInterface Science vol 309 no 2 pp 194ndash224 2007

[35] R Zhang and P Somasundaran ldquoAdvances in adsorption ofsurfactants and their mixtures at solidsolution interfacesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 123-126pp 213ndash229 2006

[36] J Zhang Y Meng Y Tian and X Zhang ldquoEffect of con-centration and addition of ions on the adsorption of sodiumdodecyl sulfate on stainless steel surface in aqueous solutionsrdquoColloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects vol 484 pp 408ndash415 2015

[37] T D Pham T T Tran V A Le T T Pham T H Dao andT S Le ldquoAdsorption characteristics of molecular oxytetra-cycline onto alumina particles the role of surface modificationwith an anionic surfactantrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 287 Article ID 110900 2019

[38] T D Pham T T Do V L Ha et al ldquoAdsorptive removal ofammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified aluminardquo Environmental Chemistry vol 14 no 5pp 327ndash337 2017

[39] G Lefevre M Duc and M Fedoroff ldquoEffect of solubility onthe determination of the protonable surface site density ofoxyhydroxidesrdquo Journal of Colloid and Interface Sciencevol 269 no 2 pp 274ndash282 2004

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 7

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Page 3: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

thoroughly shaked for 2 h to reach the adsorptionequilibrium

24 Adsorptive Removal of RhB Using α-Al2O3 and SDS-Modified α-Al2O3 e SDS modified α-Al2O3 was washedwith ultrapure water to remove the excess of SDS and toform M1 adsorbent e RhB removal using synthesizedα-Al2O3 (M0) and SDS modified α-Al2O3 (M1) was alsocarried out at room temperature (25plusmn 2oC) under differentconditions of pH contact time and adsorption dosage Eachadsorptive removal experiment was carried out at least threetimese RhB concentrations were quantified by ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at a wavelength of 554 nmusing a spectrophotometer (UV-1650 PC Shimadzu Japan)e limit of detection (LOD) of UV-Vis spectroscopy for Rhdetermination was found to be 10minus8M e removal () ofRhB was determined by

Removal Ci minus Ce

Ci

times 100 (1)

whereCi and Ce are initial and equilibrium concentrations ofRhB (molL) respectively

e adsorption capacities of SDS ontoM0 and RhB ontoM1 were determined by

Γ Ci minus Ce

mtimes M times 1000 (2)

where Γ is the adsorption amount of RhB (mgg) Ci theinitial RhB concentration (molL) Ce is the equilibriumRhB concentration (molL) M is molecular weight of RhB(gmol) and m is the adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

e adsorption isotherms of RhB ontoM1 were fitted bythe two-step model with a general isotherm equation egeneral isotherm equation [33] is

Γ Γinfink1C (1n) + k2C

nminus 11113872 1113873

1 + k1C 1 + k2Cnminus1

1113872 1113873 (3)

where Γ is the adsorption amount of RhB at concentrationC Γinfin is the maximum adsorption capacity k1 and k2 areequilibrium constants for in the first and second step re-spectively and n is cluster of adsorption C is the equilibriumconcentration of RhB

To evaluate the adsorption mechanisms the change insurface charge was evaluated by monitoring zeta (ζ) po-tential e sample was added into a plastic capillary cellthen inserted in a laser velocimetry setup Zetasizer NanoZS (Malvern Instruments UK) under the electric field of113 Vcm Each measurement was repeated 3 times with30 subruns e ζ potential was calculated by Smo-luchowskirsquos equation [34]

ζ ue ηεrs ε0

(4)

where ζ is the zeta potential (mV) սe is the electrophoreticmobility (micromcmVs) η is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid(mPa s) εrs is the relative permittivity constant of the

electrolyte solution (Fm) and ε0 is the electric permittivityof the vacuum (8854times10minus12 Fm)

3 Results and Discussion

31 Adsorption of SDS on the Synthesized α-Al2O3Nanoparticles e charging behavior of synthesizedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M0) after modifying by SDS in theacid media (pH 5) and the different ionic strengths isrepresented in Figure 1 It can be seen that the charge sign ofM0 changes and even reverses with the adsorption of anionicSDS e tendency is consistent with the previous researchstudies in which the adsorption isotherm of the anionic SDSsurfactants takes place into four regions or two steps [28 35]e zeta potential of M0 significantly decreases with theincrement of SDS concentration passing the isoelectricpoint (IEP) then moving to the saturated state in which thezeta potential keeps constant In the first region of the lowSDS concentration the zeta potential ofM0 decreases slowlyuntil the neutral net charge due to the simple main elec-trostatic interactions between the anionic surfactants andoppositely charged alumina particles at pH 5 ere is asudden decrement of ζ potential shown in the second regiondue to the surfactant aggregation on the α-Al2O3 surfacewhich is well-known as hemimicelles e repulsions be-tween SDS surfactants are shielded by the presence ofelectrolyte ions combining with the hydrocarbon chainforces resulting in forming the SDS aggregates In the thirdregion the surfactant aggregates continue to develop In thelast region the zeta potential does not change beyond thecritical micelle concentration (CMC)

e effect of ionic strength on the SDS adsorption ontoα-Al2O3 nanoparticles is clarifiede ζ potential ofM0 afteradsorbing different concentrations of SDS was measured atpH 5 and under two ionic strength conditions It is shownthat at the fixed SDS concentration the zeta potential ofα-Al2O3 nanoparticles decreases with an increment of theionic strength from 01 to 10mM of NaCl e SDS ad-sorption increased with increasing the NaCl concentratione electrolyte ions shield not only the electrostatic forcesbetween anionic SDS surfactants and oppositely chargedalumina nanoparticles but also the repulsive forces betweenSDS surfactant moleculesor between the hemimicelles [36]Herein the later effect is stronger than the former oneresulting that more SDS surfactants adsorbed and formedthe bilayer of admicelles on the M0 surface [31 37]erefore the surface charge of α-Al2O3 remained the highlynegatively charged that is useful to remove cationic dye RhBe use of 0006M SDS at 10mM NaCl is suitable to formSDS-modified α-Al2O3 (M1) material

32 Adsorptive Removal of RhB Using Different Adsorbents

321 Effect of pH e pH solution is one of the mostimportant parameter influences to RhB removal using M0andM1 materials e pH solution strongly influences to thesurface charge of adsorbent M0 and the desorption of SDSfor modified adsorbent M1 [31 38] e influence of pH onRhB removal usingM0 andM1 was carried out from pH 3 to

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 3

10 at 1mMNaCl using adsorbent dosage of 5mgmL with acontact time of 30min (Figure 2)

Figure 2 shows that the RhB removal using M0 ma-terial did not change significantly except for pH 4 in pHrange of 3ndash10 while the RhB removal reduced with anincrease of pH from 3 to 10 when using M1 material AtpH 3 α-Al2O3 may dissolve into solution so that the errorbars show the standard deviations were high for M1 [39]It should be noted that the M0 surface charge decreaseswith increasing pH but the net charge density of M0 issmall Since RhB is positive charged in the pH range sothat RhB removal usingM0 was rather low (around 25)For M1 material the SDS desorption enhanced withincreasing pH so that the net negative charge of M1decreased [38] In all pH ranges the RhB removal usingM1 was much higher than that using M0 under the sameexperimental conditions Figure 2 also indicates that theRhB removal achieved 952 and 327 at pH 4 when usingM1 andM0 materials respectively us we kept pH 4 forfurther investigation on RhB removal using both M0 andM1 materials

322 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage For adsorption techniquebinding site and specific surface area highly affect the removalefficiency because they can change the surface charge density ofadsorbent [40] e amounts of M0 and M1 materials werechanged from 05 to 30mgmL (Figure 3) Figure 3 shows thatthe RhB removal using M0 and M1 materials increased withincreasing adsorbent dosage but the RhB removal using M1achieved the highest efficiency with very small amount ofadsorbent e adsorbent dosage 5mgmL is suitable to get theremoval approximately 100 for M1 while the RhB removalusing M0 was only 26 with such adsorbent dosage usoptimal adsorbent dosage for M1 was 5mgmL

Because the RhB removal usingM1 was extremely higherthat using M0 further studies only investigate on the ad-sorption of RhB onto M1 material

323 Effect of Contact Time Contact time is known as thetime from initial mixing RhB with adsorbent e RhBremoval using M1 in the contact time range of 0ndash180min isshown in Figure 4

Figure 4 shows that the contact time for RhB removalusing M1 reached the equilibrium with only 30min istime is much faster than RhB adsorption on well-knownadsorbent as activated carbon (120min) [41] ereforecontact time of 30min was fixed for RhB removal using M1material

33 AdsorptionMechanisms of RhB onto Synthesized α-Al2O3Nanoparticles with SDS Modification (M1) Adsorptionisotherms are important to understand adsorption mecha-nisms of RhB onto synthesized α-Al2O3 nanoparticles withSDS modification (M1) Figure 5 shows that at acid media(pH 4) the adsorption of RhB at low ionic strength wasalways higher than at high ionic strength At high NaCl

ndash60

ndash50

ndash40

ndash30

ndash20

ndash10

0

10

20

30

0 0002 0004 0006 0008 001

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

SDS concentration (molL)

NaCl 1mMNaCl 10mM

Figure 1e ζ potential based on adsorption isotherms of the SDS onto α-Al2O3 nanoparticles at pH 50 and under different ionic strengthsof 1 and 10mM NaCl e standard deviation was taken by the three different measurements

0

20

40

60

80

100

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rem

oval

()

pH

α-M1α-M0

Figure 2 e effect of pH on RhB removal using α-M0 and α-M1materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M adsorbent dosage of5mgmL and contact time of 30min)

4 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

concentration the total counter ions are high that can screenthe surface charge ofM1 As a result the net negative chargeof M1 increased (see Figure 1) while the electrostatic at-traction between cationic RhB and negatively charged M1surface was decreased We suggest that RhB adsorption ontoM1 is mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and effectof ionic strength on RhB adsorption is important

As can be seen in Figure 5 the data point representedthat experimental results of RhB adsorption ontoM1 were inaccordance with a two-step adsorption model using the fitparameters in Table 1 Table 1 and Figure 5 show that theplateau RhB adsorption at 1mM NaCl was higher than at10mM Interestingly the same fit parameters of k2 and ncould be used for two isothermal adsorptions at 1 and10mMNaCl Nevertheless the k1 at 1mMNaCl was slightlyhigher than k1 t at 10mM It implies that the k1 can be usefulto predict the electrostatic interaction of RhB adsorptiononto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles e maximumadsorption capacity of RhB usingM1 materials was found tobe 52mgg that was much higher than many reported ad-sorbents [42]

To confirm the adsorption mechanism the chargingbehavior of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles before and after ad-sorption was considered Figure 6 indicates that the ζ

potential of synthesized α-Al2O3 was about +230mV at pH5 e charge reversal was taken place after SDS adsorptionso that a negative charge ofM1 was achieved (ζ - 531mV)Due to the presence of admicelles with local bilayer ontoα-Al2O3 surface the surface charge of α-Al2O3 was highlynegative [31 38] However after RhB adsorption a smallpositive of ζ was obtained e change of ζ potential indi-cates that RhB adsorption onto M1 material was controlledby electrostatic interaction that agrees well with the results ofadsorption isotherms In other word we can demonstratethat electrostatic is the main driving force that induces RhBadsorption onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles

34 e Reuse Potential and the Application of SDS-ModifiedNano α -Al2O3 e reuse potential of material is needed toexamine the stability and regeneration ofM1 adsorbent eM1 absorbent was regenerated by using 01M NaOHFigure 7 shows the RhB removal after regeneration cycles Itis clear to observe that the RhB removal changed insignif-icantly after four regenerations e RhB removal was stillhigher than 98 indicating that M1 adsorbent-based SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3 was highly reusable and highperformance of RhB removal

e application M1 adsorbent in wastewater samples isimportant to evaluate the performance of adsorbent ewastewater samples of a textile company in the Pho Noiindustrial zone in Hung Yen Province Vietnam werecollected at three different discharged locations and analyzedin the same day en the textile samples were centrifugedto remove the solids and the solutions were collected RhB ineach textile wastewater sample was removed under optimalconditions Table 2 shows the RhB removal from threewastewater samples using M1 adsorbent Although the RhBremoval is strongly influenced by many factors in actualsamples the RhB removal in all samples reached about100 Our results again indicate that SDS-modified nano

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

00000 00005 00010 00015 00020 00025 00030

1mM10mM

CRhB (molL)

Γ RhB

(mg

g)

Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M1) at two NaCl concentrations epoints are experimental data while solid lines are fitted by the two-step adsorption model

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40

Rem

oval

()

Adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

α-M1α-M0

Figure 3 e effect of adsorbent dosage on RhB removal usingα-M0 and α-M1 materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4and contact time of 30min)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Rem

oval

()

Contact time (min)

Figure 4 e effect of contact time on RhB removal using M1material (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4 and adsorbent dosage 5mgmL)

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 5

α-Al2O3 is a high-performance adsorbent for the cationicdye removal from wastewater

4 Conclusions

We have reported a scientific research on the RhB removalusing synthesized α-Al2O3 nanomaterial with surface

modification by anionic surfactant SDS e RhB removalusing SDS-modified α-Al2O3 was much higher than rawα-Al2O3 e suitable parameters for RhB removal usingSDS-modified α-Al2O3 were contact time 30min pH 4 andadsorbent dosage 5mgmL e maximum adsorption ca-pacity of RhB was found to be 520mgg while the removalreached 100 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 were in accordance with the two-stepadsorption model Based on the change in surface chargemonitoring by zeta potential and adsorption isotherm weindicate that electrostatic attraction was the main drivingforce induced adsorption e SDS-modified α-Al2O3 isreusable adsorbent for RhB removal with very high efficiencyof greater than 98 after four regeneration cycles while theRhB removal using the this adsorbent reached to about 100for actual textile wastewater

Data Availability

e data and supporting materials are included within thearticle

Conflicts of Interest

e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] C Lops A Ancona K Di Cesare et al ldquoSonophotocatalyticdegradation mechanisms of Rhodamine B dye via radicalsgeneration by micro- and nano-particles of ZnOrdquo AppliedCatalysis B Environmental vol 243 pp 629ndash640 2019

[2] M Arami N Y Limaee N M Mahmoodi and N S TabrizildquoRemoval of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orangepeel adsorbent equilibrium and kinetic studiesrdquo Journal ofColloid and Interface Science vol 288 no 2 pp 371ndash3762005

[3] N Pourreza S Rastegarzadeh and A Larki ldquoMicelle-me-diated cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric de-termination of rhodamine B using Triton X-100rdquo Talantavol 77 no 2 pp 733ndash736 2008

[4] S Madhav A Ahamad P Singh and P K Mishra ldquoA reviewof textile industry wet processing environmental impactsand effluent treatment methodsrdquo Environmental QualityManagement vol 27 no 3 pp 31ndash41 2018

[5] M Ali and T R Sreekrishnan ldquoAquatic toxicity from pulpand paper mill effluents a reviewrdquo Advances in Environ-mental Research vol 5 no 2 pp 175ndash196 2001

[6] H KaurRajvir and K Kaur ldquoRemoval of Rhodamine-B dyefrom aqueous solution onto Pigeon Dropping adsorptionkinetic equilibrium and thermodynamic studiesrdquo Journal ofMaterials and Environmental Science middot vol 5 pp 1830ndash18382014

[7] V D S Lacerda J B Lopez-Sotelo A Correa-Guimaraeset al ldquoRhodamine B removal with activated carbons obtainedfrom lignocellulosic wasterdquo Journal of Environmental Man-agement vol 155 pp 67ndash76 2015

[8] F Li Y Chen H Huang W Cao and T Li ldquoRemoval ofrhodamine B and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by a pol-yoxometalate adsorbentrdquo Chemical Engineering Research andDesign vol 100 pp 192ndash202 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4

Rem

oval

()

Number of regeneration

Figure 7 Removal of RhB usingM1 after four regenerations Errorbars show standard deviation of three replicates

Table 1 e fit parameters for adsorption RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 (M1)

CNaCl (mM) Γ (mgg) k1 (103 gmg) k2 (103 gmg)nminus1 n10 42 25 2000 291 52 30 2000 29

ndash60ndash50ndash40ndash30ndash20ndash10

0102030

Nano α-Al2O3SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1)Aer RhB adsorption

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

Figure 6 e ζ potential of synthesized nano α-Al2O3 SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1) and M1 after RhB adsorption in10mM NaCl (pH 5)

Table 2 e removal of RhB from textile wastewater using SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3

Wastewatersample

RhB concentrationbefore treatment

(times106 M)

RhBconcentrationafter treatment

(M)

Removal()

S1 57 ltLOD sim100S2 105 ltLOD sim100S3 106 ltLOD sim100

6 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

[9] R Jain M Mathur S Sikarwar and A Mittal ldquoRemoval ofthe hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic andadsorption treatmentsrdquo Journal of Environmental Manage-ment vol 85 no 4 pp 956ndash964 2007

[10] F H AlHamedi M A Rauf and S S Ashraf ldquoDegradationstudies of Rhodamine B in the presence of UVH2O2rdquo De-salination vol 239 no 1-3 pp 159ndash166 2009

[11] S Raghu and C Ahmed Basha ldquoChemical or electrochemicaltechniques followed by ion exchange for recycle of textile dyewastewaterrdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 149 no 2pp 324ndash330 2007

[12] J Yang S Yu W Chen and Y Chen ldquoRhodamine B removalfrom aqueous solution by CT269DR resin static and dynamicstudyrdquo Adsorption Science amp Technology vol 37 no 9-10pp 709ndash728 2019

[13] J Wu M A Eiteman and S E Law ldquoEvaluation of mem-brane filtration and ozonation processes for treatment ofreactive-dye wastewaterrdquo Journal of Environmental Engi-neering vol 124 no 3 p 272 1998

[14] S M Al-Rashed and A A Al-Gaid ldquoKinetic and thermo-dynamic studies on the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine Bdye on Duolite C-20 resinrdquo Journal of Saudi Chemical Societyvol 16 no 2 pp 209ndash215 2012

[15] A akur and H Kaur ldquoResponse surface optimization ofRhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste asadsorbentrdquo International Journal of Industrial Chemistryvol 8 no 2 pp 175ndash186 2017

[16] J O Carneiro A P Samantilleke P Parpot et al ldquoVisiblelight induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of in-dustrial effluents (rhodamine B) in aqueous media using TiO2nanoparticlesrdquo Journal of Nanomaterials vol 2016 Article ID4396175 13 pages 2016

[17] Y Goto Y Nema and K Matsuoka ldquoRemoval of zwitterionicrhodamine B using foam separationrdquo Journal of Oleo Sciencevol 69 no 6 pp 563ndash567 2020

[18] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola andG A Olatunji ldquoAdsorptionof rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on irvingiagabonensis biomass kinetics and thermodynamics studiesrdquoSouth African Journal of Chemistry vol 68 pp 115ndash125 2015

[19] N Abdolrahimi and A Tadjarodi ldquoAdsorption of rhodamine-B from aqueous solution by activated carbon from almondshellrdquo Proceedings vol 41 no 1 p 51 2019

[20] T A Khan M Nazir and E A Kha ldquoAdsorptive removal ofrhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut(Trapa natans L) peel adsorption dynamics and kineticstudiesrdquo Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry vol 952013

[21] M Mohammadi A J Hassani A R Mohamed andG D Najafpour ldquoRemoval of rhodamine B from aqueoussolution using palm shell-based activated carbon adsorptionand kinetic studiesrdquo Journal of Chemical and EngineeringData vol 55 no 12 pp 5777ndash5785 2010

[22] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola and G A Olatunji ldquoLiquidphase adsorptions of Rhodamine B dye onto raw and chitosansupported mesoporous adsorbents isotherms and kineticsstudiesrdquo Applied Water Science vol 7 no 5 pp 2297ndash23072017

[23] Y Qin M Long B Tan and B Zhou ldquoRhB adsorptionperformance of magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4RGO compositeand its regeneration through A fenton-like reactionrdquo Nano-Micro Letters vol 6 no 2 pp 125ndash135 2014

[24] P P Selvam S Preethi P Basakaralingam N N inakaranA Sivasamy and S Sivanesan ldquoRemoval of rhodamine Bfrom aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium

montmorilloniterdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 155no 1-2 pp 39ndash44 2008

[25] J F D Neto I D S Pereira V C D Silva H C FerreiraG D A Neves and R R Menezes ldquoStudy of equilibrium andkinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentoniteclaysrdquo Ceramica vol 64 pp 598ndash607 2018

[26] T S Anirudhan and M Ramachandran ldquoAdsorptive removalof basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modifiedbentonite clay (organoclay) kinetic and competitive ad-sorption isothermrdquo Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection vol 95 pp 215ndash225 2015

[27] A A AbdulRazak and S Rohani ldquoSodium dodecyl sulfate-modified Fe2O3molecular sieves for removal of rhodamine Bdyesrdquo Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringvol 2018 Article ID 3849867 10 pages 2018

[28] S Paria and K C Khilar ldquoA review on experimental studies ofsurfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water inter-facerdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 110 no 3pp 75ndash95 2004

[29] T Chu N Nguyen T Vu et al ldquoSynthesis characterizationand modification of alumina nanoparticles for cationic dyeremovalrdquo Materials vol 12 no 3 p 450 2019

[30] S Singh V C Srivastava T K Mandal and I D MallldquoSynthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterialsfrom solid waste for application in dye degradationrdquo RSCAdvances vol 4 no 92 pp 50801ndash50810 2014

[31] T D Pham M Kobayashi and Y Adachi ldquoAdsorption ofanionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate onto alpha aluminawith small surface areardquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 293no 1 pp 217ndash227 2015

[32] N T Nguyen T H Dao T T Truong T M T Nguyen andT D Pham ldquoAdsorption characteristic of ciprofloxacin an-tibiotic onto synthesized alpha alumina nanoparticles withsurface modification by polyanionrdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 309 p 113150 2020

[33] B-Y Zhu and T Gu ldquoSurfactant adsorption at solid-liquidinterfacesrdquo Advances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 37no 1-2 pp 1ndash32 1991

[34] A V Delgado F Gonzalez-Caballero R J HunterL K Koopal and J Lyklema ldquoMeasurement and interpre-tation of electrokinetic phenomenardquo Journal of Colloid andInterface Science vol 309 no 2 pp 194ndash224 2007

[35] R Zhang and P Somasundaran ldquoAdvances in adsorption ofsurfactants and their mixtures at solidsolution interfacesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 123-126pp 213ndash229 2006

[36] J Zhang Y Meng Y Tian and X Zhang ldquoEffect of con-centration and addition of ions on the adsorption of sodiumdodecyl sulfate on stainless steel surface in aqueous solutionsrdquoColloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects vol 484 pp 408ndash415 2015

[37] T D Pham T T Tran V A Le T T Pham T H Dao andT S Le ldquoAdsorption characteristics of molecular oxytetra-cycline onto alumina particles the role of surface modificationwith an anionic surfactantrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 287 Article ID 110900 2019

[38] T D Pham T T Do V L Ha et al ldquoAdsorptive removal ofammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified aluminardquo Environmental Chemistry vol 14 no 5pp 327ndash337 2017

[39] G Lefevre M Duc and M Fedoroff ldquoEffect of solubility onthe determination of the protonable surface site density ofoxyhydroxidesrdquo Journal of Colloid and Interface Sciencevol 269 no 2 pp 274ndash282 2004

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 7

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Page 4: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

10 at 1mMNaCl using adsorbent dosage of 5mgmL with acontact time of 30min (Figure 2)

Figure 2 shows that the RhB removal using M0 ma-terial did not change significantly except for pH 4 in pHrange of 3ndash10 while the RhB removal reduced with anincrease of pH from 3 to 10 when using M1 material AtpH 3 α-Al2O3 may dissolve into solution so that the errorbars show the standard deviations were high for M1 [39]It should be noted that the M0 surface charge decreaseswith increasing pH but the net charge density of M0 issmall Since RhB is positive charged in the pH range sothat RhB removal usingM0 was rather low (around 25)For M1 material the SDS desorption enhanced withincreasing pH so that the net negative charge of M1decreased [38] In all pH ranges the RhB removal usingM1 was much higher than that using M0 under the sameexperimental conditions Figure 2 also indicates that theRhB removal achieved 952 and 327 at pH 4 when usingM1 andM0 materials respectively us we kept pH 4 forfurther investigation on RhB removal using both M0 andM1 materials

322 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage For adsorption techniquebinding site and specific surface area highly affect the removalefficiency because they can change the surface charge density ofadsorbent [40] e amounts of M0 and M1 materials werechanged from 05 to 30mgmL (Figure 3) Figure 3 shows thatthe RhB removal using M0 and M1 materials increased withincreasing adsorbent dosage but the RhB removal using M1achieved the highest efficiency with very small amount ofadsorbent e adsorbent dosage 5mgmL is suitable to get theremoval approximately 100 for M1 while the RhB removalusing M0 was only 26 with such adsorbent dosage usoptimal adsorbent dosage for M1 was 5mgmL

Because the RhB removal usingM1 was extremely higherthat using M0 further studies only investigate on the ad-sorption of RhB onto M1 material

323 Effect of Contact Time Contact time is known as thetime from initial mixing RhB with adsorbent e RhBremoval using M1 in the contact time range of 0ndash180min isshown in Figure 4

Figure 4 shows that the contact time for RhB removalusing M1 reached the equilibrium with only 30min istime is much faster than RhB adsorption on well-knownadsorbent as activated carbon (120min) [41] ereforecontact time of 30min was fixed for RhB removal using M1material

33 AdsorptionMechanisms of RhB onto Synthesized α-Al2O3Nanoparticles with SDS Modification (M1) Adsorptionisotherms are important to understand adsorption mecha-nisms of RhB onto synthesized α-Al2O3 nanoparticles withSDS modification (M1) Figure 5 shows that at acid media(pH 4) the adsorption of RhB at low ionic strength wasalways higher than at high ionic strength At high NaCl

ndash60

ndash50

ndash40

ndash30

ndash20

ndash10

0

10

20

30

0 0002 0004 0006 0008 001

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

SDS concentration (molL)

NaCl 1mMNaCl 10mM

Figure 1e ζ potential based on adsorption isotherms of the SDS onto α-Al2O3 nanoparticles at pH 50 and under different ionic strengthsof 1 and 10mM NaCl e standard deviation was taken by the three different measurements

0

20

40

60

80

100

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rem

oval

()

pH

α-M1α-M0

Figure 2 e effect of pH on RhB removal using α-M0 and α-M1materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M adsorbent dosage of5mgmL and contact time of 30min)

4 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

concentration the total counter ions are high that can screenthe surface charge ofM1 As a result the net negative chargeof M1 increased (see Figure 1) while the electrostatic at-traction between cationic RhB and negatively charged M1surface was decreased We suggest that RhB adsorption ontoM1 is mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and effectof ionic strength on RhB adsorption is important

As can be seen in Figure 5 the data point representedthat experimental results of RhB adsorption ontoM1 were inaccordance with a two-step adsorption model using the fitparameters in Table 1 Table 1 and Figure 5 show that theplateau RhB adsorption at 1mM NaCl was higher than at10mM Interestingly the same fit parameters of k2 and ncould be used for two isothermal adsorptions at 1 and10mMNaCl Nevertheless the k1 at 1mMNaCl was slightlyhigher than k1 t at 10mM It implies that the k1 can be usefulto predict the electrostatic interaction of RhB adsorptiononto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles e maximumadsorption capacity of RhB usingM1 materials was found tobe 52mgg that was much higher than many reported ad-sorbents [42]

To confirm the adsorption mechanism the chargingbehavior of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles before and after ad-sorption was considered Figure 6 indicates that the ζ

potential of synthesized α-Al2O3 was about +230mV at pH5 e charge reversal was taken place after SDS adsorptionso that a negative charge ofM1 was achieved (ζ - 531mV)Due to the presence of admicelles with local bilayer ontoα-Al2O3 surface the surface charge of α-Al2O3 was highlynegative [31 38] However after RhB adsorption a smallpositive of ζ was obtained e change of ζ potential indi-cates that RhB adsorption onto M1 material was controlledby electrostatic interaction that agrees well with the results ofadsorption isotherms In other word we can demonstratethat electrostatic is the main driving force that induces RhBadsorption onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles

34 e Reuse Potential and the Application of SDS-ModifiedNano α -Al2O3 e reuse potential of material is needed toexamine the stability and regeneration ofM1 adsorbent eM1 absorbent was regenerated by using 01M NaOHFigure 7 shows the RhB removal after regeneration cycles Itis clear to observe that the RhB removal changed insignif-icantly after four regenerations e RhB removal was stillhigher than 98 indicating that M1 adsorbent-based SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3 was highly reusable and highperformance of RhB removal

e application M1 adsorbent in wastewater samples isimportant to evaluate the performance of adsorbent ewastewater samples of a textile company in the Pho Noiindustrial zone in Hung Yen Province Vietnam werecollected at three different discharged locations and analyzedin the same day en the textile samples were centrifugedto remove the solids and the solutions were collected RhB ineach textile wastewater sample was removed under optimalconditions Table 2 shows the RhB removal from threewastewater samples using M1 adsorbent Although the RhBremoval is strongly influenced by many factors in actualsamples the RhB removal in all samples reached about100 Our results again indicate that SDS-modified nano

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

00000 00005 00010 00015 00020 00025 00030

1mM10mM

CRhB (molL)

Γ RhB

(mg

g)

Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M1) at two NaCl concentrations epoints are experimental data while solid lines are fitted by the two-step adsorption model

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40

Rem

oval

()

Adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

α-M1α-M0

Figure 3 e effect of adsorbent dosage on RhB removal usingα-M0 and α-M1 materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4and contact time of 30min)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Rem

oval

()

Contact time (min)

Figure 4 e effect of contact time on RhB removal using M1material (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4 and adsorbent dosage 5mgmL)

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 5

α-Al2O3 is a high-performance adsorbent for the cationicdye removal from wastewater

4 Conclusions

We have reported a scientific research on the RhB removalusing synthesized α-Al2O3 nanomaterial with surface

modification by anionic surfactant SDS e RhB removalusing SDS-modified α-Al2O3 was much higher than rawα-Al2O3 e suitable parameters for RhB removal usingSDS-modified α-Al2O3 were contact time 30min pH 4 andadsorbent dosage 5mgmL e maximum adsorption ca-pacity of RhB was found to be 520mgg while the removalreached 100 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 were in accordance with the two-stepadsorption model Based on the change in surface chargemonitoring by zeta potential and adsorption isotherm weindicate that electrostatic attraction was the main drivingforce induced adsorption e SDS-modified α-Al2O3 isreusable adsorbent for RhB removal with very high efficiencyof greater than 98 after four regeneration cycles while theRhB removal using the this adsorbent reached to about 100for actual textile wastewater

Data Availability

e data and supporting materials are included within thearticle

Conflicts of Interest

e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] C Lops A Ancona K Di Cesare et al ldquoSonophotocatalyticdegradation mechanisms of Rhodamine B dye via radicalsgeneration by micro- and nano-particles of ZnOrdquo AppliedCatalysis B Environmental vol 243 pp 629ndash640 2019

[2] M Arami N Y Limaee N M Mahmoodi and N S TabrizildquoRemoval of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orangepeel adsorbent equilibrium and kinetic studiesrdquo Journal ofColloid and Interface Science vol 288 no 2 pp 371ndash3762005

[3] N Pourreza S Rastegarzadeh and A Larki ldquoMicelle-me-diated cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric de-termination of rhodamine B using Triton X-100rdquo Talantavol 77 no 2 pp 733ndash736 2008

[4] S Madhav A Ahamad P Singh and P K Mishra ldquoA reviewof textile industry wet processing environmental impactsand effluent treatment methodsrdquo Environmental QualityManagement vol 27 no 3 pp 31ndash41 2018

[5] M Ali and T R Sreekrishnan ldquoAquatic toxicity from pulpand paper mill effluents a reviewrdquo Advances in Environ-mental Research vol 5 no 2 pp 175ndash196 2001

[6] H KaurRajvir and K Kaur ldquoRemoval of Rhodamine-B dyefrom aqueous solution onto Pigeon Dropping adsorptionkinetic equilibrium and thermodynamic studiesrdquo Journal ofMaterials and Environmental Science middot vol 5 pp 1830ndash18382014

[7] V D S Lacerda J B Lopez-Sotelo A Correa-Guimaraeset al ldquoRhodamine B removal with activated carbons obtainedfrom lignocellulosic wasterdquo Journal of Environmental Man-agement vol 155 pp 67ndash76 2015

[8] F Li Y Chen H Huang W Cao and T Li ldquoRemoval ofrhodamine B and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by a pol-yoxometalate adsorbentrdquo Chemical Engineering Research andDesign vol 100 pp 192ndash202 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4

Rem

oval

()

Number of regeneration

Figure 7 Removal of RhB usingM1 after four regenerations Errorbars show standard deviation of three replicates

Table 1 e fit parameters for adsorption RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 (M1)

CNaCl (mM) Γ (mgg) k1 (103 gmg) k2 (103 gmg)nminus1 n10 42 25 2000 291 52 30 2000 29

ndash60ndash50ndash40ndash30ndash20ndash10

0102030

Nano α-Al2O3SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1)Aer RhB adsorption

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

Figure 6 e ζ potential of synthesized nano α-Al2O3 SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1) and M1 after RhB adsorption in10mM NaCl (pH 5)

Table 2 e removal of RhB from textile wastewater using SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3

Wastewatersample

RhB concentrationbefore treatment

(times106 M)

RhBconcentrationafter treatment

(M)

Removal()

S1 57 ltLOD sim100S2 105 ltLOD sim100S3 106 ltLOD sim100

6 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

[9] R Jain M Mathur S Sikarwar and A Mittal ldquoRemoval ofthe hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic andadsorption treatmentsrdquo Journal of Environmental Manage-ment vol 85 no 4 pp 956ndash964 2007

[10] F H AlHamedi M A Rauf and S S Ashraf ldquoDegradationstudies of Rhodamine B in the presence of UVH2O2rdquo De-salination vol 239 no 1-3 pp 159ndash166 2009

[11] S Raghu and C Ahmed Basha ldquoChemical or electrochemicaltechniques followed by ion exchange for recycle of textile dyewastewaterrdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 149 no 2pp 324ndash330 2007

[12] J Yang S Yu W Chen and Y Chen ldquoRhodamine B removalfrom aqueous solution by CT269DR resin static and dynamicstudyrdquo Adsorption Science amp Technology vol 37 no 9-10pp 709ndash728 2019

[13] J Wu M A Eiteman and S E Law ldquoEvaluation of mem-brane filtration and ozonation processes for treatment ofreactive-dye wastewaterrdquo Journal of Environmental Engi-neering vol 124 no 3 p 272 1998

[14] S M Al-Rashed and A A Al-Gaid ldquoKinetic and thermo-dynamic studies on the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine Bdye on Duolite C-20 resinrdquo Journal of Saudi Chemical Societyvol 16 no 2 pp 209ndash215 2012

[15] A akur and H Kaur ldquoResponse surface optimization ofRhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste asadsorbentrdquo International Journal of Industrial Chemistryvol 8 no 2 pp 175ndash186 2017

[16] J O Carneiro A P Samantilleke P Parpot et al ldquoVisiblelight induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of in-dustrial effluents (rhodamine B) in aqueous media using TiO2nanoparticlesrdquo Journal of Nanomaterials vol 2016 Article ID4396175 13 pages 2016

[17] Y Goto Y Nema and K Matsuoka ldquoRemoval of zwitterionicrhodamine B using foam separationrdquo Journal of Oleo Sciencevol 69 no 6 pp 563ndash567 2020

[18] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola andG A Olatunji ldquoAdsorptionof rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on irvingiagabonensis biomass kinetics and thermodynamics studiesrdquoSouth African Journal of Chemistry vol 68 pp 115ndash125 2015

[19] N Abdolrahimi and A Tadjarodi ldquoAdsorption of rhodamine-B from aqueous solution by activated carbon from almondshellrdquo Proceedings vol 41 no 1 p 51 2019

[20] T A Khan M Nazir and E A Kha ldquoAdsorptive removal ofrhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut(Trapa natans L) peel adsorption dynamics and kineticstudiesrdquo Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry vol 952013

[21] M Mohammadi A J Hassani A R Mohamed andG D Najafpour ldquoRemoval of rhodamine B from aqueoussolution using palm shell-based activated carbon adsorptionand kinetic studiesrdquo Journal of Chemical and EngineeringData vol 55 no 12 pp 5777ndash5785 2010

[22] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola and G A Olatunji ldquoLiquidphase adsorptions of Rhodamine B dye onto raw and chitosansupported mesoporous adsorbents isotherms and kineticsstudiesrdquo Applied Water Science vol 7 no 5 pp 2297ndash23072017

[23] Y Qin M Long B Tan and B Zhou ldquoRhB adsorptionperformance of magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4RGO compositeand its regeneration through A fenton-like reactionrdquo Nano-Micro Letters vol 6 no 2 pp 125ndash135 2014

[24] P P Selvam S Preethi P Basakaralingam N N inakaranA Sivasamy and S Sivanesan ldquoRemoval of rhodamine Bfrom aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium

montmorilloniterdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 155no 1-2 pp 39ndash44 2008

[25] J F D Neto I D S Pereira V C D Silva H C FerreiraG D A Neves and R R Menezes ldquoStudy of equilibrium andkinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentoniteclaysrdquo Ceramica vol 64 pp 598ndash607 2018

[26] T S Anirudhan and M Ramachandran ldquoAdsorptive removalof basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modifiedbentonite clay (organoclay) kinetic and competitive ad-sorption isothermrdquo Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection vol 95 pp 215ndash225 2015

[27] A A AbdulRazak and S Rohani ldquoSodium dodecyl sulfate-modified Fe2O3molecular sieves for removal of rhodamine Bdyesrdquo Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringvol 2018 Article ID 3849867 10 pages 2018

[28] S Paria and K C Khilar ldquoA review on experimental studies ofsurfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water inter-facerdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 110 no 3pp 75ndash95 2004

[29] T Chu N Nguyen T Vu et al ldquoSynthesis characterizationand modification of alumina nanoparticles for cationic dyeremovalrdquo Materials vol 12 no 3 p 450 2019

[30] S Singh V C Srivastava T K Mandal and I D MallldquoSynthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterialsfrom solid waste for application in dye degradationrdquo RSCAdvances vol 4 no 92 pp 50801ndash50810 2014

[31] T D Pham M Kobayashi and Y Adachi ldquoAdsorption ofanionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate onto alpha aluminawith small surface areardquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 293no 1 pp 217ndash227 2015

[32] N T Nguyen T H Dao T T Truong T M T Nguyen andT D Pham ldquoAdsorption characteristic of ciprofloxacin an-tibiotic onto synthesized alpha alumina nanoparticles withsurface modification by polyanionrdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 309 p 113150 2020

[33] B-Y Zhu and T Gu ldquoSurfactant adsorption at solid-liquidinterfacesrdquo Advances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 37no 1-2 pp 1ndash32 1991

[34] A V Delgado F Gonzalez-Caballero R J HunterL K Koopal and J Lyklema ldquoMeasurement and interpre-tation of electrokinetic phenomenardquo Journal of Colloid andInterface Science vol 309 no 2 pp 194ndash224 2007

[35] R Zhang and P Somasundaran ldquoAdvances in adsorption ofsurfactants and their mixtures at solidsolution interfacesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 123-126pp 213ndash229 2006

[36] J Zhang Y Meng Y Tian and X Zhang ldquoEffect of con-centration and addition of ions on the adsorption of sodiumdodecyl sulfate on stainless steel surface in aqueous solutionsrdquoColloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects vol 484 pp 408ndash415 2015

[37] T D Pham T T Tran V A Le T T Pham T H Dao andT S Le ldquoAdsorption characteristics of molecular oxytetra-cycline onto alumina particles the role of surface modificationwith an anionic surfactantrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 287 Article ID 110900 2019

[38] T D Pham T T Do V L Ha et al ldquoAdsorptive removal ofammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified aluminardquo Environmental Chemistry vol 14 no 5pp 327ndash337 2017

[39] G Lefevre M Duc and M Fedoroff ldquoEffect of solubility onthe determination of the protonable surface site density ofoxyhydroxidesrdquo Journal of Colloid and Interface Sciencevol 269 no 2 pp 274ndash282 2004

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 7

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Page 5: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

concentration the total counter ions are high that can screenthe surface charge ofM1 As a result the net negative chargeof M1 increased (see Figure 1) while the electrostatic at-traction between cationic RhB and negatively charged M1surface was decreased We suggest that RhB adsorption ontoM1 is mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and effectof ionic strength on RhB adsorption is important

As can be seen in Figure 5 the data point representedthat experimental results of RhB adsorption ontoM1 were inaccordance with a two-step adsorption model using the fitparameters in Table 1 Table 1 and Figure 5 show that theplateau RhB adsorption at 1mM NaCl was higher than at10mM Interestingly the same fit parameters of k2 and ncould be used for two isothermal adsorptions at 1 and10mMNaCl Nevertheless the k1 at 1mMNaCl was slightlyhigher than k1 t at 10mM It implies that the k1 can be usefulto predict the electrostatic interaction of RhB adsorptiononto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles e maximumadsorption capacity of RhB usingM1 materials was found tobe 52mgg that was much higher than many reported ad-sorbents [42]

To confirm the adsorption mechanism the chargingbehavior of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles before and after ad-sorption was considered Figure 6 indicates that the ζ

potential of synthesized α-Al2O3 was about +230mV at pH5 e charge reversal was taken place after SDS adsorptionso that a negative charge ofM1 was achieved (ζ - 531mV)Due to the presence of admicelles with local bilayer ontoα-Al2O3 surface the surface charge of α-Al2O3 was highlynegative [31 38] However after RhB adsorption a smallpositive of ζ was obtained e change of ζ potential indi-cates that RhB adsorption onto M1 material was controlledby electrostatic interaction that agrees well with the results ofadsorption isotherms In other word we can demonstratethat electrostatic is the main driving force that induces RhBadsorption onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 nanoparticles

34 e Reuse Potential and the Application of SDS-ModifiedNano α -Al2O3 e reuse potential of material is needed toexamine the stability and regeneration ofM1 adsorbent eM1 absorbent was regenerated by using 01M NaOHFigure 7 shows the RhB removal after regeneration cycles Itis clear to observe that the RhB removal changed insignif-icantly after four regenerations e RhB removal was stillhigher than 98 indicating that M1 adsorbent-based SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3 was highly reusable and highperformance of RhB removal

e application M1 adsorbent in wastewater samples isimportant to evaluate the performance of adsorbent ewastewater samples of a textile company in the Pho Noiindustrial zone in Hung Yen Province Vietnam werecollected at three different discharged locations and analyzedin the same day en the textile samples were centrifugedto remove the solids and the solutions were collected RhB ineach textile wastewater sample was removed under optimalconditions Table 2 shows the RhB removal from threewastewater samples using M1 adsorbent Although the RhBremoval is strongly influenced by many factors in actualsamples the RhB removal in all samples reached about100 Our results again indicate that SDS-modified nano

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

00000 00005 00010 00015 00020 00025 00030

1mM10mM

CRhB (molL)

Γ RhB

(mg

g)

Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 nanoparticles (M1) at two NaCl concentrations epoints are experimental data while solid lines are fitted by the two-step adsorption model

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40

Rem

oval

()

Adsorbent dosage (mgmL)

α-M1α-M0

Figure 3 e effect of adsorbent dosage on RhB removal usingα-M0 and α-M1 materials at 1mM NaCl (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4and contact time of 30min)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Rem

oval

()

Contact time (min)

Figure 4 e effect of contact time on RhB removal using M1material (Ci (RhB) 10minus5M pH 4 and adsorbent dosage 5mgmL)

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 5

α-Al2O3 is a high-performance adsorbent for the cationicdye removal from wastewater

4 Conclusions

We have reported a scientific research on the RhB removalusing synthesized α-Al2O3 nanomaterial with surface

modification by anionic surfactant SDS e RhB removalusing SDS-modified α-Al2O3 was much higher than rawα-Al2O3 e suitable parameters for RhB removal usingSDS-modified α-Al2O3 were contact time 30min pH 4 andadsorbent dosage 5mgmL e maximum adsorption ca-pacity of RhB was found to be 520mgg while the removalreached 100 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 were in accordance with the two-stepadsorption model Based on the change in surface chargemonitoring by zeta potential and adsorption isotherm weindicate that electrostatic attraction was the main drivingforce induced adsorption e SDS-modified α-Al2O3 isreusable adsorbent for RhB removal with very high efficiencyof greater than 98 after four regeneration cycles while theRhB removal using the this adsorbent reached to about 100for actual textile wastewater

Data Availability

e data and supporting materials are included within thearticle

Conflicts of Interest

e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] C Lops A Ancona K Di Cesare et al ldquoSonophotocatalyticdegradation mechanisms of Rhodamine B dye via radicalsgeneration by micro- and nano-particles of ZnOrdquo AppliedCatalysis B Environmental vol 243 pp 629ndash640 2019

[2] M Arami N Y Limaee N M Mahmoodi and N S TabrizildquoRemoval of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orangepeel adsorbent equilibrium and kinetic studiesrdquo Journal ofColloid and Interface Science vol 288 no 2 pp 371ndash3762005

[3] N Pourreza S Rastegarzadeh and A Larki ldquoMicelle-me-diated cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric de-termination of rhodamine B using Triton X-100rdquo Talantavol 77 no 2 pp 733ndash736 2008

[4] S Madhav A Ahamad P Singh and P K Mishra ldquoA reviewof textile industry wet processing environmental impactsand effluent treatment methodsrdquo Environmental QualityManagement vol 27 no 3 pp 31ndash41 2018

[5] M Ali and T R Sreekrishnan ldquoAquatic toxicity from pulpand paper mill effluents a reviewrdquo Advances in Environ-mental Research vol 5 no 2 pp 175ndash196 2001

[6] H KaurRajvir and K Kaur ldquoRemoval of Rhodamine-B dyefrom aqueous solution onto Pigeon Dropping adsorptionkinetic equilibrium and thermodynamic studiesrdquo Journal ofMaterials and Environmental Science middot vol 5 pp 1830ndash18382014

[7] V D S Lacerda J B Lopez-Sotelo A Correa-Guimaraeset al ldquoRhodamine B removal with activated carbons obtainedfrom lignocellulosic wasterdquo Journal of Environmental Man-agement vol 155 pp 67ndash76 2015

[8] F Li Y Chen H Huang W Cao and T Li ldquoRemoval ofrhodamine B and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by a pol-yoxometalate adsorbentrdquo Chemical Engineering Research andDesign vol 100 pp 192ndash202 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4

Rem

oval

()

Number of regeneration

Figure 7 Removal of RhB usingM1 after four regenerations Errorbars show standard deviation of three replicates

Table 1 e fit parameters for adsorption RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 (M1)

CNaCl (mM) Γ (mgg) k1 (103 gmg) k2 (103 gmg)nminus1 n10 42 25 2000 291 52 30 2000 29

ndash60ndash50ndash40ndash30ndash20ndash10

0102030

Nano α-Al2O3SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1)Aer RhB adsorption

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

Figure 6 e ζ potential of synthesized nano α-Al2O3 SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1) and M1 after RhB adsorption in10mM NaCl (pH 5)

Table 2 e removal of RhB from textile wastewater using SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3

Wastewatersample

RhB concentrationbefore treatment

(times106 M)

RhBconcentrationafter treatment

(M)

Removal()

S1 57 ltLOD sim100S2 105 ltLOD sim100S3 106 ltLOD sim100

6 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

[9] R Jain M Mathur S Sikarwar and A Mittal ldquoRemoval ofthe hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic andadsorption treatmentsrdquo Journal of Environmental Manage-ment vol 85 no 4 pp 956ndash964 2007

[10] F H AlHamedi M A Rauf and S S Ashraf ldquoDegradationstudies of Rhodamine B in the presence of UVH2O2rdquo De-salination vol 239 no 1-3 pp 159ndash166 2009

[11] S Raghu and C Ahmed Basha ldquoChemical or electrochemicaltechniques followed by ion exchange for recycle of textile dyewastewaterrdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 149 no 2pp 324ndash330 2007

[12] J Yang S Yu W Chen and Y Chen ldquoRhodamine B removalfrom aqueous solution by CT269DR resin static and dynamicstudyrdquo Adsorption Science amp Technology vol 37 no 9-10pp 709ndash728 2019

[13] J Wu M A Eiteman and S E Law ldquoEvaluation of mem-brane filtration and ozonation processes for treatment ofreactive-dye wastewaterrdquo Journal of Environmental Engi-neering vol 124 no 3 p 272 1998

[14] S M Al-Rashed and A A Al-Gaid ldquoKinetic and thermo-dynamic studies on the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine Bdye on Duolite C-20 resinrdquo Journal of Saudi Chemical Societyvol 16 no 2 pp 209ndash215 2012

[15] A akur and H Kaur ldquoResponse surface optimization ofRhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste asadsorbentrdquo International Journal of Industrial Chemistryvol 8 no 2 pp 175ndash186 2017

[16] J O Carneiro A P Samantilleke P Parpot et al ldquoVisiblelight induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of in-dustrial effluents (rhodamine B) in aqueous media using TiO2nanoparticlesrdquo Journal of Nanomaterials vol 2016 Article ID4396175 13 pages 2016

[17] Y Goto Y Nema and K Matsuoka ldquoRemoval of zwitterionicrhodamine B using foam separationrdquo Journal of Oleo Sciencevol 69 no 6 pp 563ndash567 2020

[18] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola andG A Olatunji ldquoAdsorptionof rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on irvingiagabonensis biomass kinetics and thermodynamics studiesrdquoSouth African Journal of Chemistry vol 68 pp 115ndash125 2015

[19] N Abdolrahimi and A Tadjarodi ldquoAdsorption of rhodamine-B from aqueous solution by activated carbon from almondshellrdquo Proceedings vol 41 no 1 p 51 2019

[20] T A Khan M Nazir and E A Kha ldquoAdsorptive removal ofrhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut(Trapa natans L) peel adsorption dynamics and kineticstudiesrdquo Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry vol 952013

[21] M Mohammadi A J Hassani A R Mohamed andG D Najafpour ldquoRemoval of rhodamine B from aqueoussolution using palm shell-based activated carbon adsorptionand kinetic studiesrdquo Journal of Chemical and EngineeringData vol 55 no 12 pp 5777ndash5785 2010

[22] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola and G A Olatunji ldquoLiquidphase adsorptions of Rhodamine B dye onto raw and chitosansupported mesoporous adsorbents isotherms and kineticsstudiesrdquo Applied Water Science vol 7 no 5 pp 2297ndash23072017

[23] Y Qin M Long B Tan and B Zhou ldquoRhB adsorptionperformance of magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4RGO compositeand its regeneration through A fenton-like reactionrdquo Nano-Micro Letters vol 6 no 2 pp 125ndash135 2014

[24] P P Selvam S Preethi P Basakaralingam N N inakaranA Sivasamy and S Sivanesan ldquoRemoval of rhodamine Bfrom aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium

montmorilloniterdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 155no 1-2 pp 39ndash44 2008

[25] J F D Neto I D S Pereira V C D Silva H C FerreiraG D A Neves and R R Menezes ldquoStudy of equilibrium andkinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentoniteclaysrdquo Ceramica vol 64 pp 598ndash607 2018

[26] T S Anirudhan and M Ramachandran ldquoAdsorptive removalof basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modifiedbentonite clay (organoclay) kinetic and competitive ad-sorption isothermrdquo Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection vol 95 pp 215ndash225 2015

[27] A A AbdulRazak and S Rohani ldquoSodium dodecyl sulfate-modified Fe2O3molecular sieves for removal of rhodamine Bdyesrdquo Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringvol 2018 Article ID 3849867 10 pages 2018

[28] S Paria and K C Khilar ldquoA review on experimental studies ofsurfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water inter-facerdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 110 no 3pp 75ndash95 2004

[29] T Chu N Nguyen T Vu et al ldquoSynthesis characterizationand modification of alumina nanoparticles for cationic dyeremovalrdquo Materials vol 12 no 3 p 450 2019

[30] S Singh V C Srivastava T K Mandal and I D MallldquoSynthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterialsfrom solid waste for application in dye degradationrdquo RSCAdvances vol 4 no 92 pp 50801ndash50810 2014

[31] T D Pham M Kobayashi and Y Adachi ldquoAdsorption ofanionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate onto alpha aluminawith small surface areardquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 293no 1 pp 217ndash227 2015

[32] N T Nguyen T H Dao T T Truong T M T Nguyen andT D Pham ldquoAdsorption characteristic of ciprofloxacin an-tibiotic onto synthesized alpha alumina nanoparticles withsurface modification by polyanionrdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 309 p 113150 2020

[33] B-Y Zhu and T Gu ldquoSurfactant adsorption at solid-liquidinterfacesrdquo Advances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 37no 1-2 pp 1ndash32 1991

[34] A V Delgado F Gonzalez-Caballero R J HunterL K Koopal and J Lyklema ldquoMeasurement and interpre-tation of electrokinetic phenomenardquo Journal of Colloid andInterface Science vol 309 no 2 pp 194ndash224 2007

[35] R Zhang and P Somasundaran ldquoAdvances in adsorption ofsurfactants and their mixtures at solidsolution interfacesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 123-126pp 213ndash229 2006

[36] J Zhang Y Meng Y Tian and X Zhang ldquoEffect of con-centration and addition of ions on the adsorption of sodiumdodecyl sulfate on stainless steel surface in aqueous solutionsrdquoColloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects vol 484 pp 408ndash415 2015

[37] T D Pham T T Tran V A Le T T Pham T H Dao andT S Le ldquoAdsorption characteristics of molecular oxytetra-cycline onto alumina particles the role of surface modificationwith an anionic surfactantrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 287 Article ID 110900 2019

[38] T D Pham T T Do V L Ha et al ldquoAdsorptive removal ofammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified aluminardquo Environmental Chemistry vol 14 no 5pp 327ndash337 2017

[39] G Lefevre M Duc and M Fedoroff ldquoEffect of solubility onthe determination of the protonable surface site density ofoxyhydroxidesrdquo Journal of Colloid and Interface Sciencevol 269 no 2 pp 274ndash282 2004

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 7

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Page 6: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

α-Al2O3 is a high-performance adsorbent for the cationicdye removal from wastewater

4 Conclusions

We have reported a scientific research on the RhB removalusing synthesized α-Al2O3 nanomaterial with surface

modification by anionic surfactant SDS e RhB removalusing SDS-modified α-Al2O3 was much higher than rawα-Al2O3 e suitable parameters for RhB removal usingSDS-modified α-Al2O3 were contact time 30min pH 4 andadsorbent dosage 5mgmL e maximum adsorption ca-pacity of RhB was found to be 520mgg while the removalreached 100 Adsorption isotherms of RhB onto SDS-modified α-Al2O3 were in accordance with the two-stepadsorption model Based on the change in surface chargemonitoring by zeta potential and adsorption isotherm weindicate that electrostatic attraction was the main drivingforce induced adsorption e SDS-modified α-Al2O3 isreusable adsorbent for RhB removal with very high efficiencyof greater than 98 after four regeneration cycles while theRhB removal using the this adsorbent reached to about 100for actual textile wastewater

Data Availability

e data and supporting materials are included within thearticle

Conflicts of Interest

e authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper

References

[1] C Lops A Ancona K Di Cesare et al ldquoSonophotocatalyticdegradation mechanisms of Rhodamine B dye via radicalsgeneration by micro- and nano-particles of ZnOrdquo AppliedCatalysis B Environmental vol 243 pp 629ndash640 2019

[2] M Arami N Y Limaee N M Mahmoodi and N S TabrizildquoRemoval of dyes from colored textile wastewater by orangepeel adsorbent equilibrium and kinetic studiesrdquo Journal ofColloid and Interface Science vol 288 no 2 pp 371ndash3762005

[3] N Pourreza S Rastegarzadeh and A Larki ldquoMicelle-me-diated cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric de-termination of rhodamine B using Triton X-100rdquo Talantavol 77 no 2 pp 733ndash736 2008

[4] S Madhav A Ahamad P Singh and P K Mishra ldquoA reviewof textile industry wet processing environmental impactsand effluent treatment methodsrdquo Environmental QualityManagement vol 27 no 3 pp 31ndash41 2018

[5] M Ali and T R Sreekrishnan ldquoAquatic toxicity from pulpand paper mill effluents a reviewrdquo Advances in Environ-mental Research vol 5 no 2 pp 175ndash196 2001

[6] H KaurRajvir and K Kaur ldquoRemoval of Rhodamine-B dyefrom aqueous solution onto Pigeon Dropping adsorptionkinetic equilibrium and thermodynamic studiesrdquo Journal ofMaterials and Environmental Science middot vol 5 pp 1830ndash18382014

[7] V D S Lacerda J B Lopez-Sotelo A Correa-Guimaraeset al ldquoRhodamine B removal with activated carbons obtainedfrom lignocellulosic wasterdquo Journal of Environmental Man-agement vol 155 pp 67ndash76 2015

[8] F Li Y Chen H Huang W Cao and T Li ldquoRemoval ofrhodamine B and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by a pol-yoxometalate adsorbentrdquo Chemical Engineering Research andDesign vol 100 pp 192ndash202 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

1 2 3 4

Rem

oval

()

Number of regeneration

Figure 7 Removal of RhB usingM1 after four regenerations Errorbars show standard deviation of three replicates

Table 1 e fit parameters for adsorption RhB onto SDS-modifiedα-Al2O3 (M1)

CNaCl (mM) Γ (mgg) k1 (103 gmg) k2 (103 gmg)nminus1 n10 42 25 2000 291 52 30 2000 29

ndash60ndash50ndash40ndash30ndash20ndash10

0102030

Nano α-Al2O3SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1)Aer RhB adsorption

ζ pot

entia

l (m

V)

Figure 6 e ζ potential of synthesized nano α-Al2O3 SDS-modified nano α-Al2O3 (M1) and M1 after RhB adsorption in10mM NaCl (pH 5)

Table 2 e removal of RhB from textile wastewater using SDS-modified nano α -Al2O3

Wastewatersample

RhB concentrationbefore treatment

(times106 M)

RhBconcentrationafter treatment

(M)

Removal()

S1 57 ltLOD sim100S2 105 ltLOD sim100S3 106 ltLOD sim100

6 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

[9] R Jain M Mathur S Sikarwar and A Mittal ldquoRemoval ofthe hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic andadsorption treatmentsrdquo Journal of Environmental Manage-ment vol 85 no 4 pp 956ndash964 2007

[10] F H AlHamedi M A Rauf and S S Ashraf ldquoDegradationstudies of Rhodamine B in the presence of UVH2O2rdquo De-salination vol 239 no 1-3 pp 159ndash166 2009

[11] S Raghu and C Ahmed Basha ldquoChemical or electrochemicaltechniques followed by ion exchange for recycle of textile dyewastewaterrdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 149 no 2pp 324ndash330 2007

[12] J Yang S Yu W Chen and Y Chen ldquoRhodamine B removalfrom aqueous solution by CT269DR resin static and dynamicstudyrdquo Adsorption Science amp Technology vol 37 no 9-10pp 709ndash728 2019

[13] J Wu M A Eiteman and S E Law ldquoEvaluation of mem-brane filtration and ozonation processes for treatment ofreactive-dye wastewaterrdquo Journal of Environmental Engi-neering vol 124 no 3 p 272 1998

[14] S M Al-Rashed and A A Al-Gaid ldquoKinetic and thermo-dynamic studies on the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine Bdye on Duolite C-20 resinrdquo Journal of Saudi Chemical Societyvol 16 no 2 pp 209ndash215 2012

[15] A akur and H Kaur ldquoResponse surface optimization ofRhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste asadsorbentrdquo International Journal of Industrial Chemistryvol 8 no 2 pp 175ndash186 2017

[16] J O Carneiro A P Samantilleke P Parpot et al ldquoVisiblelight induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of in-dustrial effluents (rhodamine B) in aqueous media using TiO2nanoparticlesrdquo Journal of Nanomaterials vol 2016 Article ID4396175 13 pages 2016

[17] Y Goto Y Nema and K Matsuoka ldquoRemoval of zwitterionicrhodamine B using foam separationrdquo Journal of Oleo Sciencevol 69 no 6 pp 563ndash567 2020

[18] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola andG A Olatunji ldquoAdsorptionof rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on irvingiagabonensis biomass kinetics and thermodynamics studiesrdquoSouth African Journal of Chemistry vol 68 pp 115ndash125 2015

[19] N Abdolrahimi and A Tadjarodi ldquoAdsorption of rhodamine-B from aqueous solution by activated carbon from almondshellrdquo Proceedings vol 41 no 1 p 51 2019

[20] T A Khan M Nazir and E A Kha ldquoAdsorptive removal ofrhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut(Trapa natans L) peel adsorption dynamics and kineticstudiesrdquo Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry vol 952013

[21] M Mohammadi A J Hassani A R Mohamed andG D Najafpour ldquoRemoval of rhodamine B from aqueoussolution using palm shell-based activated carbon adsorptionand kinetic studiesrdquo Journal of Chemical and EngineeringData vol 55 no 12 pp 5777ndash5785 2010

[22] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola and G A Olatunji ldquoLiquidphase adsorptions of Rhodamine B dye onto raw and chitosansupported mesoporous adsorbents isotherms and kineticsstudiesrdquo Applied Water Science vol 7 no 5 pp 2297ndash23072017

[23] Y Qin M Long B Tan and B Zhou ldquoRhB adsorptionperformance of magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4RGO compositeand its regeneration through A fenton-like reactionrdquo Nano-Micro Letters vol 6 no 2 pp 125ndash135 2014

[24] P P Selvam S Preethi P Basakaralingam N N inakaranA Sivasamy and S Sivanesan ldquoRemoval of rhodamine Bfrom aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium

montmorilloniterdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 155no 1-2 pp 39ndash44 2008

[25] J F D Neto I D S Pereira V C D Silva H C FerreiraG D A Neves and R R Menezes ldquoStudy of equilibrium andkinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentoniteclaysrdquo Ceramica vol 64 pp 598ndash607 2018

[26] T S Anirudhan and M Ramachandran ldquoAdsorptive removalof basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modifiedbentonite clay (organoclay) kinetic and competitive ad-sorption isothermrdquo Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection vol 95 pp 215ndash225 2015

[27] A A AbdulRazak and S Rohani ldquoSodium dodecyl sulfate-modified Fe2O3molecular sieves for removal of rhodamine Bdyesrdquo Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringvol 2018 Article ID 3849867 10 pages 2018

[28] S Paria and K C Khilar ldquoA review on experimental studies ofsurfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water inter-facerdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 110 no 3pp 75ndash95 2004

[29] T Chu N Nguyen T Vu et al ldquoSynthesis characterizationand modification of alumina nanoparticles for cationic dyeremovalrdquo Materials vol 12 no 3 p 450 2019

[30] S Singh V C Srivastava T K Mandal and I D MallldquoSynthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterialsfrom solid waste for application in dye degradationrdquo RSCAdvances vol 4 no 92 pp 50801ndash50810 2014

[31] T D Pham M Kobayashi and Y Adachi ldquoAdsorption ofanionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate onto alpha aluminawith small surface areardquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 293no 1 pp 217ndash227 2015

[32] N T Nguyen T H Dao T T Truong T M T Nguyen andT D Pham ldquoAdsorption characteristic of ciprofloxacin an-tibiotic onto synthesized alpha alumina nanoparticles withsurface modification by polyanionrdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 309 p 113150 2020

[33] B-Y Zhu and T Gu ldquoSurfactant adsorption at solid-liquidinterfacesrdquo Advances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 37no 1-2 pp 1ndash32 1991

[34] A V Delgado F Gonzalez-Caballero R J HunterL K Koopal and J Lyklema ldquoMeasurement and interpre-tation of electrokinetic phenomenardquo Journal of Colloid andInterface Science vol 309 no 2 pp 194ndash224 2007

[35] R Zhang and P Somasundaran ldquoAdvances in adsorption ofsurfactants and their mixtures at solidsolution interfacesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 123-126pp 213ndash229 2006

[36] J Zhang Y Meng Y Tian and X Zhang ldquoEffect of con-centration and addition of ions on the adsorption of sodiumdodecyl sulfate on stainless steel surface in aqueous solutionsrdquoColloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects vol 484 pp 408ndash415 2015

[37] T D Pham T T Tran V A Le T T Pham T H Dao andT S Le ldquoAdsorption characteristics of molecular oxytetra-cycline onto alumina particles the role of surface modificationwith an anionic surfactantrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 287 Article ID 110900 2019

[38] T D Pham T T Do V L Ha et al ldquoAdsorptive removal ofammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified aluminardquo Environmental Chemistry vol 14 no 5pp 327ndash337 2017

[39] G Lefevre M Duc and M Fedoroff ldquoEffect of solubility onthe determination of the protonable surface site density ofoxyhydroxidesrdquo Journal of Colloid and Interface Sciencevol 269 no 2 pp 274ndash282 2004

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 7

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Page 7: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

[9] R Jain M Mathur S Sikarwar and A Mittal ldquoRemoval ofthe hazardous dye rhodamine B through photocatalytic andadsorption treatmentsrdquo Journal of Environmental Manage-ment vol 85 no 4 pp 956ndash964 2007

[10] F H AlHamedi M A Rauf and S S Ashraf ldquoDegradationstudies of Rhodamine B in the presence of UVH2O2rdquo De-salination vol 239 no 1-3 pp 159ndash166 2009

[11] S Raghu and C Ahmed Basha ldquoChemical or electrochemicaltechniques followed by ion exchange for recycle of textile dyewastewaterrdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 149 no 2pp 324ndash330 2007

[12] J Yang S Yu W Chen and Y Chen ldquoRhodamine B removalfrom aqueous solution by CT269DR resin static and dynamicstudyrdquo Adsorption Science amp Technology vol 37 no 9-10pp 709ndash728 2019

[13] J Wu M A Eiteman and S E Law ldquoEvaluation of mem-brane filtration and ozonation processes for treatment ofreactive-dye wastewaterrdquo Journal of Environmental Engi-neering vol 124 no 3 p 272 1998

[14] S M Al-Rashed and A A Al-Gaid ldquoKinetic and thermo-dynamic studies on the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine Bdye on Duolite C-20 resinrdquo Journal of Saudi Chemical Societyvol 16 no 2 pp 209ndash215 2012

[15] A akur and H Kaur ldquoResponse surface optimization ofRhodamine B dye removal using paper industry waste asadsorbentrdquo International Journal of Industrial Chemistryvol 8 no 2 pp 175ndash186 2017

[16] J O Carneiro A P Samantilleke P Parpot et al ldquoVisiblelight induced enhanced photocatalytic degradation of in-dustrial effluents (rhodamine B) in aqueous media using TiO2nanoparticlesrdquo Journal of Nanomaterials vol 2016 Article ID4396175 13 pages 2016

[17] Y Goto Y Nema and K Matsuoka ldquoRemoval of zwitterionicrhodamine B using foam separationrdquo Journal of Oleo Sciencevol 69 no 6 pp 563ndash567 2020

[18] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola andG A Olatunji ldquoAdsorptionof rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on irvingiagabonensis biomass kinetics and thermodynamics studiesrdquoSouth African Journal of Chemistry vol 68 pp 115ndash125 2015

[19] N Abdolrahimi and A Tadjarodi ldquoAdsorption of rhodamine-B from aqueous solution by activated carbon from almondshellrdquo Proceedings vol 41 no 1 p 51 2019

[20] T A Khan M Nazir and E A Kha ldquoAdsorptive removal ofrhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut(Trapa natans L) peel adsorption dynamics and kineticstudiesrdquo Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry vol 952013

[21] M Mohammadi A J Hassani A R Mohamed andG D Najafpour ldquoRemoval of rhodamine B from aqueoussolution using palm shell-based activated carbon adsorptionand kinetic studiesrdquo Journal of Chemical and EngineeringData vol 55 no 12 pp 5777ndash5785 2010

[22] A A Inyinbor F A Adekola and G A Olatunji ldquoLiquidphase adsorptions of Rhodamine B dye onto raw and chitosansupported mesoporous adsorbents isotherms and kineticsstudiesrdquo Applied Water Science vol 7 no 5 pp 2297ndash23072017

[23] Y Qin M Long B Tan and B Zhou ldquoRhB adsorptionperformance of magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4RGO compositeand its regeneration through A fenton-like reactionrdquo Nano-Micro Letters vol 6 no 2 pp 125ndash135 2014

[24] P P Selvam S Preethi P Basakaralingam N N inakaranA Sivasamy and S Sivanesan ldquoRemoval of rhodamine Bfrom aqueous solution by adsorption onto sodium

montmorilloniterdquo Journal of Hazardous Materials vol 155no 1-2 pp 39ndash44 2008

[25] J F D Neto I D S Pereira V C D Silva H C FerreiraG D A Neves and R R Menezes ldquoStudy of equilibrium andkinetic adsorption of rhodamine B onto purified bentoniteclaysrdquo Ceramica vol 64 pp 598ndash607 2018

[26] T S Anirudhan and M Ramachandran ldquoAdsorptive removalof basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modifiedbentonite clay (organoclay) kinetic and competitive ad-sorption isothermrdquo Process Safety and Environmental Pro-tection vol 95 pp 215ndash225 2015

[27] A A AbdulRazak and S Rohani ldquoSodium dodecyl sulfate-modified Fe2O3molecular sieves for removal of rhodamine Bdyesrdquo Advances in Materials Science and Engineeringvol 2018 Article ID 3849867 10 pages 2018

[28] S Paria and K C Khilar ldquoA review on experimental studies ofsurfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water inter-facerdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 110 no 3pp 75ndash95 2004

[29] T Chu N Nguyen T Vu et al ldquoSynthesis characterizationand modification of alumina nanoparticles for cationic dyeremovalrdquo Materials vol 12 no 3 p 450 2019

[30] S Singh V C Srivastava T K Mandal and I D MallldquoSynthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterialsfrom solid waste for application in dye degradationrdquo RSCAdvances vol 4 no 92 pp 50801ndash50810 2014

[31] T D Pham M Kobayashi and Y Adachi ldquoAdsorption ofanionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate onto alpha aluminawith small surface areardquo Colloid and Polymer Science vol 293no 1 pp 217ndash227 2015

[32] N T Nguyen T H Dao T T Truong T M T Nguyen andT D Pham ldquoAdsorption characteristic of ciprofloxacin an-tibiotic onto synthesized alpha alumina nanoparticles withsurface modification by polyanionrdquo Journal of MolecularLiquids vol 309 p 113150 2020

[33] B-Y Zhu and T Gu ldquoSurfactant adsorption at solid-liquidinterfacesrdquo Advances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 37no 1-2 pp 1ndash32 1991

[34] A V Delgado F Gonzalez-Caballero R J HunterL K Koopal and J Lyklema ldquoMeasurement and interpre-tation of electrokinetic phenomenardquo Journal of Colloid andInterface Science vol 309 no 2 pp 194ndash224 2007

[35] R Zhang and P Somasundaran ldquoAdvances in adsorption ofsurfactants and their mixtures at solidsolution interfacesrdquoAdvances in Colloid and Interface Science vol 123-126pp 213ndash229 2006

[36] J Zhang Y Meng Y Tian and X Zhang ldquoEffect of con-centration and addition of ions on the adsorption of sodiumdodecyl sulfate on stainless steel surface in aqueous solutionsrdquoColloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects vol 484 pp 408ndash415 2015

[37] T D Pham T T Tran V A Le T T Pham T H Dao andT S Le ldquoAdsorption characteristics of molecular oxytetra-cycline onto alumina particles the role of surface modificationwith an anionic surfactantrdquo Journal of Molecular Liquidsvol 287 Article ID 110900 2019

[38] T D Pham T T Do V L Ha et al ldquoAdsorptive removal ofammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified aluminardquo Environmental Chemistry vol 14 no 5pp 327ndash337 2017

[39] G Lefevre M Duc and M Fedoroff ldquoEffect of solubility onthe determination of the protonable surface site density ofoxyhydroxidesrdquo Journal of Colloid and Interface Sciencevol 269 no 2 pp 274ndash282 2004

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 7

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Page 8: Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Using Novel Adsorbent

[40] F Mazloomi and M Jalali ldquoAmmonium removal fromaqueous solutions by natural Iranian zeolite in the presence oforganic acids cations and anionsrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalChemical Engineering vol 4 no 2 pp 1664ndash1673 2016

[41] K Kadirvelu C Karthika N Vennilamani and S PattabhildquoActivated carbon from industrial solid waste as an adsorbentfor the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solutionkinetic and equilibrium studiesrdquo Chemosphere vol 60 no 8pp 1009ndash1017 2005

[42] T D Pham T T Pham M N Phan T M V NgoV D Dang and C M Vu ldquoAdsorption characteristics ofanionic surfactant onto laterite soil with differently chargedsurfaces and application for cationic dye removalrdquo Journal ofMolecular Liquids vol 301 p 112456 2020

8 Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry