AEYZARQ PSM 2

7/31/2019 AEYZARQ PSM 2

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BMM4924

FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2

EFFECTS OF ALIGNMENT OF REINFORCEMENT MATERIAL

TO THE PROPERTIES OF POLYMER MATRIX

COMPOSITE(PMC)

AEYZARQ MUHAMMAD HADZREEL BIN MOHD RAZALI

ME08049

SUPERVISOR: DR. SITI RABIATULL AISHA BINTI IDRIS

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


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1.1 OBJECTIVES

To study the effect of different alignment of reinforced material to

the properties of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC).

To distinguish the effect of various thickness on mechanical and

physical properties of PMC.

To evaluate the water resistance using different alignment towards

seawater


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1.2 Scopes Of Works

Matrix : Unsaturated Polyester resin (Thermoset)

Reinforcement : i. E-glass fiber woven roving

ii. 5 layer and 7 layer thickness

Reinforcement alignment : i. Bidirectional (0 and 90 )

ii. Multidirectional ( 0, 30, 60 and 90,

120,150)

Specimen fabrication : Hand lay-up process

Mechanical testing : i. Tensile testing (ASTM D3039-M)

ii. Water absorption test (ASTM D570)

Water absorption : seawater


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Illustration of composite material

Reinforcement Material

(a constituent material with

relatively high stiffness or

very high strength material

embedded in the matrixcomposition )

Matrix material

( primary phase

that usually more

ductile and less

hard that hold

the reinforce and

shares a load

with it )


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Application of Polymer Matrix

Composite (PMC) Glass fiber-reinforced polyesters have been used in different types of boat

(e.g., sail boats fishing boats, dinghies, life boats and yacht.

Today, among 90% of all recreational boats are constructed of either glass

fiber-reinforced polyester or glass fiber-reinforced vinyl ester.

Among the applications are hulls, decks and various interior components.


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Cut the fiberglass to 30cm X

30cm

30 cm

30cm

Mix the catalyst with the polyester

Pour the polyester onto the

fiberglass laminar

Roll the polyester uniformly

onto the laminar

Cover the second laminar

onto the first laminar

3.0 Methodology Flowchart

Testing

Tensile test ASTM D3039M

Water absorption test ASTM D570


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Classification Of Orientation

Bidirectional orientation Multidirectional orientation

30

60

Fiberglass

Fiberglass

5 layer multidirectional

orientation


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Specimen being prepared for tensile

test25 cm

2.5cm

Specimen being cut Specimen ready for tensile test

Instron Universal Testing Machine Model 3369

Specimen


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Specimen Being Prepared For Water Absorption Test

2.5cm

7.5cm

Specimens beingheated in furnace

for 8 hours at 50C

Specimens weightbeing measured

using electronic

balance

Specimens being

immerse in theseawater for 24 hours

Specimens weight

being measuredagain

Specimendimension


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4.0 Result and discussion


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100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

0.02294 0.03216 0.02078 0.03118 0.0349

Tensilestre

ngth[MPa]

Tensile strain [mm/mm]

Tensile Strength for 7 layer laminates

7 layer

multidirectional7 layer bidirectional

From the above graph, we can see that 7 layer bidirectional orientation has a greater

ultimate tensile strength comparing with to the 7 layer multi directional.The highest tensile strength for 7 layer bidirectional orientation is 243 MPa while the

highest tensile strength for 7 layer multidirectional orientation is 219 MPa.

We can conclude that bidirectional alignment will give a better mechanical properties

such as strength than the multidirectional alignment.


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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

YoungModulus(MPa)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

YoungModulus(MPa)

5 layer

multidirectional

5 layer

bidirectional7 layer

multidirectional7 layer

bidirectional

Youngs Modulus For Each Type Of Alignment And Thickness

From the two graphs above, we can observe that Youngs Modulus is greater for

bidirectional alignment.

It is because the properties such as stress and strain is greater for bidirectional

alignment.

The graphs above proved that bidirectional alignment will make the Polymer Matrix

Composite (PMC) more stiffness than the multidirectional alignment

Types of alignment Types of alignment


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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

waterabsorption(%)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

waterabsorption(%)

7 layer

multidirectional7 layer bidirectional 5 layer

multidirectional

5 layer

bidirectional

Water Absorption Test (ASTM D570)

From the 2 graphs above, it can be observed that multidirectional alignment will absorbed more quantity of

water comparing to bidirectional alignment.

Seawater degradation can cause swelling and plasticisation of the polyester matrix and debonding at the

fiber/matrix interface that may reduce the mechanical properties.

Types of alignment Types of alignment


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5.0 Conclusion

Variety of angle of orientation will reduce the mechanical properties of

Polymer Matrix Composite(PMC).

Tensile test and water absorption test proved that mechanical properties

and physical properties of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) is highly

depended on the thickness of the laminates.

The multidirectional orientation absorbed more quantity of water than

the bidirectional orientation.


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6.0 Recommendation

The thickness of Polymer Matrix Composite(PMC) should be varied in order to find the

optimum thickness for the PMC

The study should be conducted with different type of reinforced material in order to

optimized the effect of alignment of reinforced material

Orientation of angle should be varied in order to find the optimum orientation of laminates

which could enables to increase its mechanical properties.

7 0 R f


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7.0 Referencesi. Smith, W. F., Foundations of Materials Science 4th edition. McGraw Hill., 2005

ii. David, R., INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Department of Materials Science

and Engineering., 2000

iii. Kakani, S.L., MATERIAL SCIENCE. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS,. 2006iv. R. Bruce., AN INTRODUCTION TO THERMOSETS. Academic Press, San Diego,. 1997

v. K. G. Satish et al., Characterization of In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Laminated

Hybrid Composites. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol.

9, No.2, pp.105-114,. 2010

vi. D.K. Patel et al., A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS ON CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIESOF FRP COMPOSITES WHEN EXPOSED TO DISTILLED WATER, NaCl- WATER SOLUTION

AND SEA WATER SEPARATELY. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

National Institute of Technology., 2008

vii. R.David., INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Department of Materials Science

and Engineering. 2000

viii. P.K. Mallick., Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design. Taylor& Francis Group, LLC.. 2007

ix. C.H. Shen et al., Moisture Absorption and Desorption of Composite Materials.

Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan., 1975


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The end..

Q&A Session


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Discussion

From the experiment, we can conclude that bidirectional alignment will

give a better mechanical properties such as strength than the

multidirectional alignment.

this is because the external tensile load is equally distributed on all the

fibers and transmitted along the axis of the fibers.

Whereas in case of other fiber orientations, fiber axes is non-parallel to

load axis, resulting in off axis pulling of fibers and increased stress

concentration causing the earlier failure of laminates.


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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

5 layer

multi

directional

5 layer

bidirectional

7 layer

multi

directional

7 layer

bidirectional

Young Modulus for each type of thickness and

orientation

From the bar chart above, the highest Young Modulus value is the 7 layer

bidirectional followed by 5 layer bidirectional.

The lowest Young Modulus value is 5 layer multidirectional.

As a conclusion, variety of angle of orientation will reduce the mechanical

properties of the Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC)

Young Modulus


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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Wateraborbtion(%)

Water Absorption For Each Types Of Thickness And

Orientation In Term Of Percentage

7 layer

multidirectional

7 layer

bidirectional5 layer

multidirectional5 layer

bidirectional

From the chart above, it can be observed that the highest

water absorption percentage is 7 layer multidirectional laminatefollowed by 7 layer bidirectional laminates and the lowest is 5

layer


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AEYZARQ PSM 2