15-CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG

Adrenergic nonsel αadr antag-dibenamine, ergot alkaloid(ergotamine, ergosine, ergocornine, ergocristine, ergocryptine), phenoxybenzamine(irrevers), phentolamine, tolazoline sel α1adr agonist-mephentermine, metaraminol, phenylephrine, methoxamine, midodrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, xylometazoline sel α1adr antag-prazosin, indoramin, terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin, silodosin, urapidil sel α2adr agonist-apraclonidine, clonidine, methyldopa, guanfacine, guanabenz, moxonidine, rilmonidine, brimonidine, tizanidine, dexmedetomidine sel α2adr antag-yohimbine, idazoxan, mianserine, mirtazapine, tianeptine, amineptine nonsel βadr agonist-isoprenaline nonsel βadr antag-pindolol(intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, max bioavail), Nadolol(loNgest), propranolol(max LA activity), oxprenolol, timolol sel β1adr agonist-dobutamine sel β1adr antag-eSmolol(Shortest), atenolol(min prot binding), metoprolol(max interindividual variation), acebutolol, bisoprolol, celiprolol, nebivolol(3rd gen), betaxolol sel β2adr agonist-terbutaline, ritodrine, orciprenaline(metaproterenol), salbutamol(albuterol), salmeterol, fenoterol, isoetharine, dopexamine(β2,D1) sel β2adr antag-butoxamine sel β3adr agonist-sibutramine

Adrenocortical suppression steroid(prednisone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone), aminoglutethimide, fludrocortisone, ketoconazole, megestrol, metyrapone, mitotane

Alzheimer ds antiAChE synth-tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, eptastigmine, metrifonate

natural-galantamine antioxidant-vitD,E MAOI-selegiline acetyl L carnitine antiinflammatory-NSAID(piracetam-nootropic) pleotropic(antiinflammat+antiproliferat)-statin NMDA antag-memantine monocloAb-babineuzumab(βamyloid)

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Gingko biloba γsecretas inh-semegarcestat, tarenfluril

antiAnginal vasodilator NO3 short-amylNO3, glycerylNO3 intermeD-isosorbide DiNO3 loNg(6-10h)-isosorbide moNoNO3(least 1st pass metab) longest(12h)-pentaerythritol tetraNO3 newer-molsidone

K ch opener-nicorandil CCB phenylalkylamine-verapamil benzothiazepine 1,4dihydropyridine-nifedipine, nicardipine, isradipine, felodipine, amlodipine

oxyfedrine cardiac depressant CCB βadr antag Na ch blocker-ivabradine

modify substrate utilization FA oxidat inh(pFOX)-trimetazidine, ranolazine

Antibiotic Gram+ve bact penicillin

penicillinG&ester-penicillinG(benzyl penicillin), procaine penicillinG, benzathine penicillinG acid resist-phenoxymethylpenicillin(penicillinV), phenoxyethylpenicillin(phenethicillin), acidocillin

penicillinase resist acid labile-methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin acid resist-flucloxacillin

G+ve&G–ve-ampicillin(polar), becampicillin, talampicillin, pivampicillin, amoxycillin extended spectrum antipseudomonal carboxypenicillin-carbenicillin, ticarcillin ureidopenicillin-piperacillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin

amidopenicillin-mecillinam, pivmecillinam βlactamase inh-Amoxycillin+clavulinic acid(Augmentin), Ticarcillin+clavulinic acid(Timentin), sulbactam, tazobactam macrolide

Aim4a

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erythromycin, spiramycin, oleandomycin, triacetyloleandomycin newer macrolide-roxithromycin, telithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin lincosamide-lincomycin, clindamycin glycopeptide-vancomycin, teicoplanin, oritavancin, telavancin, dalbavancin oxazolidinone-linezolid streptogramin-quinupristine, dalfopristine other-daptomycin, novobiocin, fucidin, bacitracin, mupirocin

Gram–ve bact aminoglycoside-amikacin, neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, framycetin(soframycin), paromomycin, netilmicin non aminoglycoside-colistin, polymyxinB, tyrothricin, cycloserine, spectinomycin, fosfomycin monobactam-aztreonam

both G+ve,G–ve nitrofuran-nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, nifuroxime, nitrofurazone cephalosporin gen I O-cefalexin, cefadroxil P-cefazolin

gen II O-cefaclor, cefuroxime, loracarbef P-cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefamycin

gen III O-cefixime, cefopodoxime P-cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, cefaperazone

gen IV-cefepime, cefelidine, cefpirome gen V

P-ceftobipirole, ceftraraline rifamycin carbapenem-imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, faropenem

both+Rickettsia+Chlamydia(broad spectrum) tetracycline I-tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline II-lymecycline, demeclocycline III-doxycycline, minocycline demethylchlortetracycline, methacycline, tigecycline chloramphenicol

acidfast bact rifamycin

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B-rifampicin S-rifabutin rifaximin

viomycin quinolone nalidixic acid

fluoroquinolone-norfloxacin(least oral bioavailability), ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin(c/i liver fail), sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, trovafloxacin

other sulfonamide systemic

short-sulfadiazine, sulfadimidine(sulfamethazine), sulfacetamide, sulfafurazone(sulfisoxazole), sulfamethizole

intermediate-sulfamethoxazole long(XI)-sulfadoXIne, sulformethoXIne, sulfamethoXYpyridazine, sulfadimethoXIne

ulcerative colitis-sulfasalazine topical-mafenide, sulfacetamide, Ag sulfadiazine

fungi antibiotic-griseofulvin, amphotericinB, nystatin antimetab-flucytosine azole iMidazole(MECK)-Miconazol, Econazole, Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole

triazole-fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazol, ravuconazol, voriconazole echinocandin-caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin misc-terbinafine

parasite antimalaria cinchona alkaloid-quinine, quinidine quinoline derivative

4aminoquinoline-hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, amodiaquine, amopyroquine, pyronaridine

8aminoquinoline(BPT)-Bulaquine, Primaquine, Tafeloquine quinoline methanol-mefloquine, halofantrine, lumefantrine acridine-mepacrine antifolate biguanide-proguanil diaminopyridine-pyrimethamine, sulfonamide, trimethoprim

artemisinin H2O Soluble-arteSunate

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lipid soluble-artether, artemether antimicrobial-doxycycline, clindamycin, atovaquone amoeba emetine-emetine, dehydroemetine imidazole-metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole quinoline-diiodohydroxyquinoline, iodochlorohydroxyquinoline, chloroquine antibiotic-tetracycline, paromomycin misc-diloxanide furoate, nitazoxanide, kurchi

leishmaniasis pentavalent antimony-meglumine antimonate, Na stibogluconate diamidine-dihydroxystibamidine isethionate, pentamidine isethionate misc-amphotericinB, aminocidin, miltefosine, paromomycin, sitamaquine

fumagillin

virus compound interfere with nucleic acid-idoxuridine, adenine arabinoside, acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet Na, sorivudine, ribavirin, trifluridine, azidothymidine attachm/penetrat inh-amantadine, rimantadine, zanamivir(poorest oral bioavail, IN), oseltamivir(neuraminidase inh) reverse transcriptase inh-lamivudine immune mech-IFN, γglobulin, monoclonal Ab(palivizumab) misc-docosanol, fomivirsen

Anxiolytic BDZ chlormethiazol 5HT1A agonist-buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone, trospirone βadr antag-propranolol SSRI H1 antag-hydroxyzine

Vaughan William classif antiArrhythmic drug(SBPC) class I-Na ch blocker Ia(block Na,K)-Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide(highest antivagal)(Q Phir Diya) Ib(block Na,open K)-Tocainamide, Phenytoin, Lignocaine, Mexiletine(Tera Pyara Lock Mujhe) Ic(block Na)-Flecainide, Propafenone(Faltu Pyare), moricizine classII-Bet adr antag classIII-K ch blocker-dofetilide, ibutilide, amiodarone, dronedarone, bretylium, sotalol classIV-Ca ch blocker misc-multi ion blocker-vernakalant

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atrial arrhythm(VAD)-Verapamil, Adenosine, Digoxin(NaK pump antag, vagomimetic) ventric arrhythm-IB both-other

ART indication <1y-CD4<1500cell/mm³ 3-5y-CD4<350cell/mm³ >5y-CD4<200cell/mm³

NsRTI-ADR-lactic acidosis→ zidovudine(ADV/AZT)-M.C, prevent vertic transmis fr 25.5 8%, prophylax of

needle-stick inj, ADR-macrocytic anem(myelosuppression), neutropenia, nail hyperpigmentat(blue), lipoatrophy, mitoch myopathy with ragged red fibr, hepatomegaly didanosine(ddl)-ADR-painful sens neuropathy(MC), diarrh, pancreatitis(max) zalcitabine(ddc)-weakest NRTI, ADR-periph sens neuropathy stavudine(D4t)-ADR-lipodystrophy(max), periph sens neuropathy(max) lamivudine(3TC)-best tolerated, no neuropathy/pancreatitis, used in HBV emtricitabine(FTc)-HBV abacavir-metab by alc DH, ADR-HSR(HLA-B5701), severe hyperlipidemia(MI)

NtRTI-Tenofovir-HBV, ADR-GI toxicity, Fanconi synd, hypophosphatemia NNRTI(DEN) Delavirdine(c/i in pregn)

↑ Efavirenz(c/i in pregn), liver Enz↑ Nevirapine-ADR-hepatotox(MC), neuropsychos, Steven Jhnsn synd, metab by

rifampicin 2nd gen-etravirine, rilpivirine

protease inh-ADR-lipodystrophy(Rx-tesmorelin) saquinavir-best tolerat, no enzyme inh

↑ Atazanavir-Acid pH for Absorption, PR interval, asympt hyperbilirubinemia amprenavir-nephrolithiasis indinavir-nephrolithiasis(max), cardiac arrhythmia foSamprenavir-Stevens Jhnsn synd ritonavir-ADR-circumoral paresthesia, enzyme inh CYP3A4,3D6(max) nelfinavir lopinavir tipRANavir-ADR-intracRANial hge darunavir

CCR5 inh maraviroc aplaviroc-ADR-hepatotoxicity vicriviroc

fusion inh-enfuvirtide-bind Gp41, SC

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ADR-inj site rxn,pneum CD4 antag-Ibalizumab maturation inh bevirimab

abalicumab integrase strand transfer inh raltegravir elvitegravir dolulstegravir

antiAsthmatic bronchodilator β2adr agonist short-salbutamol(albuterol), rimeterol, isoetharine, bitolterol, fenoterol, terbutaline

long-Salmeterol(Slow, long), Formoterol(Fast, long), vilenterol, arformoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol, abediterol nonsel βadr agonist-orciprenaline, adrenaline, ephedrine

phosphodiesterase inh-methylxanthine[thiophylline, aminophylline, doxophylline(most cardiosafe)] anticholin-ipratropium, thiotropium

anti inflammatory drug glucocorticoid(phospholipase A2 inh)-budesonide, fluticasone, ciclosomide(least ADR), prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone leukotrine(LT) modifier LT Antag-montelukAst(competit), zafirlukAst 5lipoxygenase inh-zileuton

mast cell stabilizer-Na cromoglycate, nedocromil PAF antag+mast cell stabiliz-ketotifen anti IgEAb-omalizumab anti IL5Ab-mepolizumab MgSO4

antiCancer alkylating agent N2 mustard-mechlorethamine, uracil, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, mustard, chlorambucil, ifosfamide, procarbazine, dacarbazine

nitrosurea-lomustine, carmustine, estramustine, semustine ethylenimine-temozolamide, triethylene thiophosphoramide(thio-TEPA) alkyl sulfonate-busulfan

antimetabolite vitB9 antag-mtx, permetrexed, trimetrexed, palatrexate

purine antag-6mercaptopurine, azathioprine, 6thioguanine, azaserin, duazomycin, fludarabine, cladribine, pentostatin

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pyrimidine antag-5fluorouracil, cytosine arabinoside(cytarabine), fluorodeoxyuridine, gemcitabine, decitabine, capecitabine, azacitidine RA isotope-radioI2, radioAu, radioP cytotoxic antibiotic-actinomycinD, mitomycinC, rubidomycin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, bleomycin, mithramycin, ixabepilone, mitoxantrone antimitotic plant product vinka alkaloid vinka rosea-vinblastine, vincristine semisynth-vindesine, vinorelbin

taxane-paclitaxel, docetaxel epipodophyllotoxin-etoposide, teneposide camptothecin-irinotecan, topotecan

h,antih glucocorticoid-prednisolone estrogen-diethylstilbesterol progestin-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, megestrol acetate antiandrogen-flutamide, enzalutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, cyproterone,

abiraterone SERM-tamoxifen, toramefen, doloxifen, raloxifene SERD-fulvestrant aromatase inh 1st gen-aminoglutethimide 2nd gen type1(steroid, irrevers)-exemestane, formestane type2-(nonsteroid, reversible)-letrozole, anastrozole, fadrozole, vorozole

GnRH agonist-luprolide, goserelin, busorelin, naferelin, desorelin, hisrelin, triprelin GnRH antag-ganirelix, abarelix, colrorelix, degarelix somatostatin analogue-octreotide, lanreotide

platinum comp-cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin tyrosine kinase inh-imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, lapatinib, geftinib, sunitinib, sorafinib, erlotinib, axitinib, pazopanib, vemurafinib monoclonal Ab-trastuzumab, rituximab, bevacizumab, panitumumab, alemtuzumab, I131tositomonab, nivolumab biological response modifier-INF, BCG, levamisole protease inh-bortezomib PAF antag-apafant, lexifant misc-hydroxyurea, mitotane, tretinoin, l-asparaginase, arsenic trioxide

Cholinergic drug ester of choline-ACh, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol cholinomimetic alkaloid-pilocarpine, muscarine, arecholine cholinesterase inh reversible

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natural-physostigmine, galantamine synth-neostigmine, pyridostigmine, ambenonium, demecarium, edrophonium, tacrine, rivastigmine, donepezil irreversible(esteric site)-tabun, sarin, soman, propoxyl, Diisopropyl Fluoro Phosphate(DFP), octamethylpyrophosphotetramide, parathion, malathion, diazinon, baygon ACh vesic reuptake inh-vesamicol↑ ACh release-spider toxin

sel M1 agonist-oxotremorine sel M3 agonist-bethanechol(resist to AChesterase& pseudoAChesterase), pilocarpine, cevimeline, echothiophate

antiCholinergic natural-atropine, scopolamine(hyoscine) semisynth-homatropine, ipratropium, thiotropium synth tert amine-dicyclomine, valethamate

quatern amine-propantheline, methantheline, oxyphenonium, clidinium, pipenzolate, glycopyrronium diphemanil, poldine, procyclidine, pavatrine, drotavarine, trihexyphenidyl,

benztropine ACh release inh-Bt toxin sel M1 antag-pirenzepine, telenzepine sel M2 antag-methoctramine, triptramine sel M3 antag-(SOFTblaDder)-Solifenacin, Oxybutynin, Flavoxate, Trospium, Tolterodine, Darifenacin, homatropine, eucatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide(fastest, shortest) sel Nn antag-trimethaphan, varenicillin, hexamethonium, mecamylamine sel Nm antag-SMR

CNS stimulant direct acting cortical-xanthine alkaloid(theophylline, caffeine, theobromine), amphetamine, methylamphetamine, methylphenidate, pipradrol medullary-picrotoxin, nikethamide, pentylenetetrazole, amiphenazole, camphor, CO2, doxapram, medroxyprogest acetate spinal-strychnine reflexly acting lobeline, NH3, veratrum, nicotine

antiCoagulant oral-warfarin, bisOHcoumarin(longest), ethylbiscoumacetate(shortest), acenocoumarol(nicoumalone)

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inj-heparin direct thrombin inh Oral-Dabigatran, Ximelagatran parenteral monovalent-argatroban, melagatran bivalent-hirudin, bivalirudin, lepirudin

direct factXa inh oral-apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, betrixaban inj via antithrombin III-fondaparinux, idraparinux, idrapiotaparinux, avidin direct-otamixaban

human activat protC-inactivat fact V,VIII-drotrecoginα

antiDepressant MAOAI(NA,5HT) irrevers hydrazine-isocarboxazid, iproniazid, phenelzine nonhydrazine-tranylcypromine

revers moclobemide nonsel MA reuptake inh tricyclic(NRI, SRI, antiH1, antimuscarin, α 1adr antag)-reboxitine, imipramine, desipramine, trimipramine, clomipramine, protriptyline, amoxapine, dotheipin, amitryptiline, nortryptiline, doxepin, nitroxazepine tetracyclic-maprotelin, mirtazapin(max sedation), mianserine heterocyclic-trazodone, nefazodone, venlafaxine, bupropion

SSRI-fluoxetine(longest), paroxetine(teratog), fluvoxamine(shortest), sertraline(least drug interaction), citalopram(highly sel) sel NA RI-reboxetine mood stabilizer-LiCO3 newer α2adr antag-mianserine, mirtazapine, tianeptin, amineptin misc-carbamazepine, St John's wart

antiDiabeticoral↑ insulin release

sulfonylurea(max)-tolbutamide(shortest, least potent, safest, min hypoglycemia), chlorpropamide(longest, max hypoglycemia), glipizide, glibenclamide(glyburide), gliclazide, glimepiride meglitinide-repaglinide, nateglinide↓ hep gluconeogenesis

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biguanide-metformin, phenformin intest αglucosidase inh(min)-acarbose, miglitol↓ insulin resist thiazolidinedione-rosiglitazone, pioglitazone(safe in ren failure), troglitazone↓ endog glucagon, synth amylin analog-pramlintide

GLP1 based-exenatide, liraglutide dipeptidyl dipeptidase(DDP4) inh-sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, ritagliptin, alogliptine↓ appetite-glucomannan(konjar tuber)

aldose reductase inh-epalrestat, ranirestat, fidarestat, tolrestatinsulin rapid-lispro, aspart, glulisine short-regular(soluble), semilente intermed-Zn suspension(lente), neutral protamine hagedorn(isophane) long-protamin Zn, glargine, detemir

Diuretic osmotic(PCT)-mannitol, glycerol

↑ carbonic anhydrase inh(PCT, Na,K,HCO3,P excret, metab acidosis, hypokalemia)-acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide

↓ ↑ loop(asc thick limb Henle loop, NaK2Cl symport, Na,K,Cl,Ca,Mg,P excret, hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis, hyperuricemia)-furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide, axosemide, tripamide, piretanide, ethacrynic acid

↑ ↓ thiazide(DCT, NaCl symporter inh, Na,K,Cl,Mg excret, Ca excret, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, hypokalemia) benzothiazide-chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, cyclophenthiazide, bendroflumethiazide, polythiazide chlorthalidone-chlorexolone, indapamide, xipamide, clopamide quinazolinone-quinethazone, metolazone

↓ ↓ K sparing(cortical CD, Na reabsorpt, K,H+ secret, hyperchloremic,hyperkalemic metab acidosis)-spironolactone, K canreonate, eplerenone, prorenone, mexrenone, triamterene, amiloride vassopressin recept antag(medull CD)- conivaptan, tolvaptan

↑ xanthine( ren bld flow)-theophylline

antiEmetic antiD-chlorpromazine, metoclopromide, domperidone antihist-promethazine, dimenhydrinate, cyclizine, meclizine antimuscarinic-scopolamine anti5HT3-ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron, ginger neurokinin1/subs P antag-aprepitant, fosaprepitant cannabinoid-nabilone, dronabinol steroid-dexamethasone

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misc-trimethobenzamide, benzquinamide

antiEpileptic drug delay recovery fr inactivation of Na ch-phenytoin, CBZ, lamotrigine, topiramate↓ low threshold Ca current in thalamus-ethosuximide

both-valproic acid, zonisamide GABA related recept-barbiturate, BDZ GABA release-gabapentin↓ GABA TRansaminase-vigabaTRine↓ GABA reupTake-Tiagabine↓ excit NT-lamotrigine↓ ↑ NMDA, GABAA-felbamate

other-levetiracetam, acetazolamide

GABA(γ Amino Butyric Acid) A endogen agonist-GABA agonist-muscimol competitive antag-bicuculline block Cl ch noncompet-picrotoxin inverse agonist-βcarboline

B agonist-Baclofen antag-saclofen

Glaucoma↓ β1adr antag( secr)-0.5%timolol, betaxolol, carteolol, Levobunolol(Longest),

metipranolol, adrenaline, dipivefrine↓ ↑ α2adr agonist( secr, trabec outflow)-brimonidine, apraclonidine

↓ carbonic anhydrase inh( secr) topical-dorzolamide, brinzolamide(high sp noncompet revers inh) systemic-acetazolamide

↑ PG( uveoscleral outflow)-0.005%latanoprost, bimatoprost, unoprostone, tafluprost, travoprost

↑ miotic( trabec outflow)-pilocarpine, physostigmine, demecarium, echothiophate hyperosmotic agent-IV mannitol, oral glycerine

glucocorticoid topical mild-1%hydrocortisone moderate-0.05%clobetasone butyrate, 2.5%hydrocortisone potent-0.1%betamethasone valerate, 0.1%hydrocortisone butyrate,

0.025%fluocinolone acetonide, 0.2%triamcinolone acetonide

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very Potent-0.05%clobetasole ProPionate

Gout xanthine oxidase inh-allopurinol uricosuric-probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone↓ metab degradation uric acid-rasburicase, pegloticase

a/c gout-NSAID, steroid, colchicine

Herbal product coenzymeQ-statin induced myopathy Echinacea-improve fn ephedra-cold, wt loss garlic(HMGcoA reductase inh)-lipid lowering Gingko biloba(neuronal glycoside)-dementia glucosamine-osteoarthritis milk thistle(silybin)-mushroom poisoni Saw Palmetto(5αreductase inh)-BPH St John wart(microsome enz inducer)-depression, HTN Terminalia arjuana-CCF

antiHistaminic H1 blocker 1st gen-diphenhydramine, doxylamine, dimenhydrinate, promethazine, pheniramine, trimeprazine, chlorpheniramine, triprolidine, cyclizine, meclizine, buclizine, methdilazine, mepyramine, antazoline, cinnarizine, flunarizine, hydroxyzine, doxepin(TCA), cyproheptadine(H1+M+5HT2) 2nd gen-Loratadine(Longest, Least CNS depression), cetirizine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, acrivastine(shortest), ebastine, levocetrizine, aStemizole(Slowest), azelastine(nasal, max topical action), terFenadine(Fastest, least sedative), olopatadine(nasal, ophth, oral), alcaftadine H3 blocker-thioperamide, clobenpratit, ciproxifan, proxifan H3 invers agonist-pitolisant, tiprolisant

antiHypertensive adr neuron block-guanethedine, bretylium monoamine vesicular uptake inh-reserpine Kch open-hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide renin inh-aliskiran, emalkiran, remilkiran ACEI-captopril, ramipril, lisinopril ARB-losartan, valsartan, telmisartan, olmisartan aldosterone antag-spironolactone, canrenone, eplerenone, drospirone CCB-verapaMIl(raceMIc MIxt)

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Hypnotic sel GABAA agonist BDZ t½>24h-chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, chlorazepate t½<24h-nitrazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam t½<5h-alprazolam, triazolam

nonBDZ-zopiclone, zolpidem, zaleplone, efzopiclone nonsel GABAA agonist barbiturate t½>8h-phenobarbitone, mephobarbitone t½=4-8h-amylobarbitone, butobarbitone, pentobarbitone t½<4h-secobarbitone t½ ultrashort-thiopentone,methohexitone, hexobarbitone

nonbarb-chloral hydrate, paraldehyde melatonin(MT1,2 agonist)-tasimelteon, remelteon, agomelatine nonsel orexin antag-suvorexant misc-antihist-diphenhydramine, promethazine

Hypolipidemic HMG coA reductase inh-lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin bile acid sequestrant(resin)-colestipol, cholestyramine lipoprot lipase activat(fibrate)-clofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, fenofibrate(longest,

↓max LDL) inh lipolysis, TG synth-nicotinic acid inh intest cholesterol absorpt-ezetimib inh acyl coA cholesterol acyl transferase1(ACAT1)-avasimibe inh cholesterol ester TG tpt prot-torcetrapib other-probucol, gugulipid

Laxative stimulant/irritant anthraquinone-cascara sagrada, senna irritant oil-castor oil misc-phenolphthalein, bisacodyl, Na picosulfate

osmotic-MgSO4, milk of magnesia, Mg citrate, NaK tartrate, lactulose, polyethylene glycol bulk-methyl cellulose, agar agar, bran, plantago seed emollient-liquid paraffin, dioctyl Na sulfosuccinate Cl ch activator-lubiprostone prokinetic-5HT4 agonist(tegaserod)

Prevention of Migraine

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5HT antag-pizotifen βadr antag-Propranolol(MC), atenolol antidepressant-amitriptyline CCB-flunarizine>verapamil anticonvulsant-gabapentin, topiramate, valproic acid, levetiracetam misc-clonidine, botulin tox A

Rx Migraine attack analgesic-aspirin, paracetamol, codeine, butorphanol(nasal) NSAID-naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac 5HT1D agonist-sumatriptan 5HT partial agonist/antag-ergotamine, dihydroergotamine D antag-metoclopramide, haloperidol, prochlorperazine

monoclonal Ab tu-tm, zu-humanised, xi-mouse, li-lower immunity, ci-circulation, vi-viral trastuzumab(herceptin)-HER2neu+ve ca breast, ADR-infusion rxn,cardiomyopathy pertuzumab obinutuzumab-CD20+CLL alemtuzumab-CD20,52+B,Tcell, multiple sclerosis gemtuzumab(antibiotic+ CD33+ calicheamicin)-AML ibritumomab(RA yttrium) tostitumomab(RA I131) panitumumab(EGFR)-ca head&neck, ca colon cetuximab(EGFR)-ca head&neck, ca colon, ADR-hypomagnesemia Rituximab-CD20+Bcell lymphoma, (CHINA)-Cu,vHemolytic anem, ITP, NHL, Arthritis(RA) basiliximab-CD25-prevent graft reject daclizumab(IL2 antag)-prevent graft reject natalizumab-bind α4β1integrin-EDSS in multiple sclerosis-ADR-PML ocrelizumab-CD20+Bcell vedolizumab(α4β7integrin)-UC, Crohn ds eculizumab-bind C5, PNH tocilizumab(IL6 antag) nivolumab-malign melanoma, non SmCC lung abciximab(PLT) palivizumab beVacizumab(VGFR)-ca colon, RCC, DM retinopathy, ADR-HTN,CCF,pulm hge Ranibizumab-DM Retinopathy RAXibacumab-anthRAX

↓ → ↓ denosumab- RANKL maturat osteoclast babineuzumab-βamyloid-Alz ds denosumab-osteoporosis

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NMDA antag methoxetamine, methadone, felbamate, acamprosate, ketamine, phencyclidine, dizocilpine, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol, pethidine, atomoxetine, N2O

NSAID nonsel COX inh salicylate-aspirin paraaminophenol-phenacetin, paracetamol pyrazolone-phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone indole-indomethacin, sulindac heterocyclic arylacetic acid-tolmetin, diclofenac, ketorolac propionic acid-ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, pirprofen fenamat-flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid oxicam-pirOxicam(OD)

sel COX2 inh-nimesulide, etodolac, nabumeton(least acidic), meloxicam, celecoxib

antiObesity centrally acting, appetite suppressant(anorexient) adr agonist-amphetamine, mephenteramine, benzphenteran, mazindol 5HT agonist-fenfluramine, fluoxetine, dexfenfluramine both adr&5HT agonist-sibutramine cannabinoid1 inverse agonist-rimonabant

drug acting in GIT bulk anorexient-dietary fibre, guar gum, methylcellulose nonabsorbable fat substitute-olestra LIpase inh-orLIstat

misc-biguanide

Osteoporosis↓ bone resorption

SERM-raloxifene bisphosphonate-etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, alendronate(2nd gen amino BNP) HRT-E calcitonin Ca supplement vitD monoclonAb-denosumab↑ bone formation-teriparatide

both-strontium ranelate activat Ca sens recept(CaR) in parathy gld-cinacalcent

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Ovulation inducing drug synth GnRH human menopausal gonadotropin, hCG bromoergocriptine antiestrogenic-clomiphene citrate

Pancytopenia Colony stimulating factor(CSF) rGCSF-filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, lenograstim

GMCSF-sargramostim, molgramostim anem erythropoietin-epoietin, darbopoietin erythropoietin recept stim-peginesatide

thrombopoietin GF oprelvekin(IL11) thrombopoietin romiplostim eltrombopag

antiParkinsonism↑ D D precursor-Ldopa↓ D metab MAOBI(D)-selegiline, rasagiline COMT inh-tolCapOne, entaCapOne

release dopamine-amantadine D agonist ergot derived-bromocriptine, lisuride, cabergoline, pergolide non-ergot derived-rotigotin, ropinirole, pramipexole, apomorphine↓ cholinergic activity

atrop subs-benzhexol(trihexyphenidyl), procyclidine, cycrimine, biperiden, benztropine antihist-promethazine, orphenadrine, diphenhydramine

PDE inhibitor1)methylxanthine(theophylline, aminophylline)-1,2,3,4-asthma2)cilomilast, roflumilast-4-asthma, COPD3)Apremilast-4-Active psoriatic Arthritis4)amrinone, milrinone-3-CCF5)sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, avanafil-5-erectile dysfunction6)cilastazole-3-PVD7)pentoxyphylline-nonsel-PVD, nonhealing ulcer foot, ischemic stroke,

↓ ↑rheological( bld viscosity), anti TNF, sperm motility, Peyronie ds, radiation&

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bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis jaw

Peptic ulcer ds gastric antacid nonsystemic-Al(OH)3 gel, Mg trisilicate, Mg(OH)2, CaCO, magaldrate[Mg(OH)2+ Al(OH)3] systemic-NaHCO3 antisecretary agent H2 antag-cimetidine, ranitidine, faMOtidine(MOst potent), nizatidine(anti AChE), roxatidine, loxatidine(noncompet) PPI-omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazol antimuscarinic-atropine, pirenzepine

mucosal protective agent bismuth salt-bismuth subcitrate, bismuth subsalicylate sucralfate PGE

newer P glycoprot inh laniquidar, tariquidar, elaquidar, biricodar

PG PGE1-misoprostol, alprostadil PGE2-eriprostil, rioprostil, cerviprime(dinoprostone) PGF2α-latanoprost, bimatoprost, carboprost(dinoprost), travoprost, unoprostone PGI2-epoprostanol, treprostiril, Ilioprost(Inhalat), beroprost

antiPLT prostacycline(PGI2)inh-epoprostanol TXA2 formation inh COX1 inh-aspirin

TX synthase inh-dazoxiben TXA2 antag-ifetroban, sultroban, losartan, daltretoban, vapiprost, picotamide ADP(P2y12) antag-clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel(fastest), crasugrel, ticragrelor, cangrelor phosphodiesterase inh-dipyridamole Gp IIb/IIIa antag antiPLT Ab-abciximab

synth inh-tirofiban, eptifibatide protease activat recept antag-atopaxar, vorapaxar PAF antag-lexipafant, apafant, rupatidine inh PLT activation, adhesion, aggregation-NO

PPAR(PeroxoProliferator Activat Recept)

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α-clofibrate, fenofibrate, ciprofibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil γ(Gam)-pioGlitazone α+γ-ragaglitazar, muraglitazar ,tesaglitazar, aleglitazar

antiPsychotic phenothiazine-chlorpromazine, trifluperazine Rauwolfia alkaloid-Reserpine butyrophenone-haloperidol, trifluperidol diphenylbutylpiperidine-penfluridol, pimozide, fluspirilene thioxanthene-chlorprothixene, flupentixol indolic derivative-molindone, oxypertine Substituted benzamide-Sulpiride atypical(5HT2A/2C antag)-clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, arsenapine(SL), risperidone, paliperidone, ziprasidone, iloperidone, aripiprazole(longest), sertindole

prim Pulm HTN(WHO classific) 1-CCB(nifedipine, diltiazem) 2-sildenafil, tadaLafil(Longest), bosentan, ambresentan 3-PGI2 agonist 4-combination therapy

RA NSAID-aspirin steroid DMARD Au salt-Na aurothiomalate, aurothioSO4, aurothioglu chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine d penicillamine mtx sulfasalazine pyrimidine synth inh-leflunomide

biological agent TNFα antag-infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab IL1 antag-anakinra Tcell Activation inh-Abatacept anti BcellAb-rituximab

immunosuppressant-azathioprine, cyclosporine

Serotonin 5HT1BD agonist-Sumatriptan(SC), rizatriptan(fastest), almotriptan(good bioavailabil), frovatriptan(longest) 5HT2A/2C antag-ketanserin, ritanserin 5HT2C agonist-larCaserin

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5HT2 antag-pizotifen, cyproheptadine, methysergide 5HT3 agon-ergotamine, LSD, buspirone, cisapride, metoclopramide, tegaserod 5HT3 antag-cyproheptadine, mianserin, metoclopramide, methysergide, ketanserin, clozapine, risperidone, alosetron, ondansetron 5HT4 agonist-cisapride, mosapride, tegaserod

Sexual problem premature ejaculat-SSRI(dapoxetine), PDE5I delayed orgasm-amantadine, buspirone, cyproheptadine sexual stimulation-yohimbine, Zn, Gingko biloba, ginseng

Smoking 1st line nicotine agonist-varenicillin, nicotinic patch

NE,D reuptake inh-bupropion(amfebutamone) 2nd line clonidine nortryptiline

misc CB1 inverse agonist-rimonabant topiramate mecamylamine

antiTB cat I(red box)-HR(persistent)ZE(2)+HR(4) spine TB,LN TB,TB meningitis≥9mth cat II(blue box)-failure, relapse, default HRZES(2)+HRZE(1)+HR(5) cat IV-MDRTB group1-1st line oral 2-injectable-kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin 3-fluoroquinolone-moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin 4-oral bacteriostatic-ethionamide, PAS, protionamide, cycloserine, terizidone 5-agent with unclear efficacy-bedaquilone, telamanid ≥18mth

XDRTB culture sensitive 5-6 drug≥18mth

steroid-meningitis, pericarditis, adrenal insufficiency(Addison ds), pleural effusion, miliary TB, ARDS

antiThyroid↓ synth↓ I2 trapping, binding-K perchlorate, thiocyanate

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↓ thyroid peroxidase, synth of MIT&DIT, coupling rxn-methimazole, carbimazole, propylthiouracil, methylthiouracil↓ → periph T4 T3-βadr antag, RAI(ipodate)↓ ↑ release, storage-KI(fastest), Lugol I2(5%I2+10%KI)

destroy acinii-RAI

Tocolytic(uterine relaxant) CCB-nifedipine COX inh-indomethacin β2adr agonist-ritodrine, salbutamol, terbutaline oxytocin recept antag-atosiban MgSO4 NO donor-nitroglycerine

antiTussive pharyngeal demulcent-syrup, linctus expectorant-NH4 salt, Eucalyptus oil, KI, anise, lemon, cedar wood oil, alcohol, glyceryl guaiacolate, ipecacuanha, K citrate, vasicine central cough suppressant opioid-codeine, hydrocodone, noscapine, dextromethorphan, pholcodeine, levopropoxyphene, diamorphine, methadone non opioid-caramiphene, pipezethate

antihist-diphenhydramine, chlorcyclizine periph acting local anaest-levodropropizine, neb lignocaine, benzonatate mucolytic-acetylcysteine, bromhexine, ambroxol, dornaseα antiACh-ipratropium

Tyrosine kinase antag Epidermal Growth Factor Recept(EGFR)/HER-1 ERlotinib-met nonSmCC lung, ca pancR

Geftinib-met non SmCC lung Vascular Growth Factor Recept(VGFR) SunITinib-RCC, GIST sorafenib-RCC, HCC axitinib-sorafenib resist

Platelet Derived GF Recept(PDGFR) imatinib-CML, GIST Multitargetted VandEtinib(EGFR, VGFR)-med ca thy Pazopanib(VGFR, PDGFR)-RCC lapatinib(HER1&2)-ca breast lenVatinib(VGFR)-papillary,follicular thy ca

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dasatinib, nilotinib-imatinib resist CML vemurafinib-malign melanoma

Vasopeptide agonist ANP-cArperitide BNP-nesiritide Urodilantin-Ularitide

vasopeptidas inh-sampatrilat, ecadotril, ompatrilat, candoxatrilat

Vasopressin V1 agonist esoph varices-terlipressin, felypressin, lypressin V1 antag HTN-relcovaptan

aNxiety-Nelivaptan(V1b) V2 antag SIADH-lixivaptan, mazavaptan, tolavaptan, relcovaptan

nonsel V antag-conivaptan(V2>V1)

Abbreviations a-artery, AA-amino acid, abtc-antibiotic, AI-autoimmune bef-before, bel-below, b/l-bilateral, bld-blood, b/n-between, bn-benign, br-branch, Bx-biopsy ca-carcinoma, carb-carbohydrate, c/i-contraindication, c/l-contralateral, conc-concentration, cong-congenital, Cx-cervix d-day, def-deficient, ds-disease, d/t-due to, Dx-diagnosis E-estrogen fem-female, fr-from gld-gland, glu-glucose h-hormone idiop-idiopathic, i/l-ipsilateral, inf-infection, inj-injury lig-ligament, LL-lower limb, l/t-leading to m-muscle, maj-major, mal-male, MC-most common, met-metastasis, min-minor, mtx-methotrexate, Mx-management n-nerve, norm-normal P-progesterone, pl-plasma, prot-protein, pt-patient Rx-treatment SCC-squamous cell carcinoma, sr-serum, Sx-surgery, sz-seizure tm-tumour, ts-tissue UL-upper limb, u/l-unilateral vag-vagina, VC-vocal cord, vel-velocity, vert-vertebra, vit-vitamin, vol-volume w-week, wt-weight Xr-X ray y-year #-fracture °-degree

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THESE NOTES ARE ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND HELP TO PG ASPIRANTS, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSE. REFERENCE HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM VARIOUS STANDARD TEXTBOOKS.

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