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8/2/2019 AISLAMIENTO DE FUNDACIONES
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AISLAMIENTO DE FUNDACIONES
ESTRUCTURAS 5
Para construir edificios resistentes a terremotos, losingenieros deben conocer como se mueve el terrenodurante un terremoto. En las ltimas dcadas la geofisicaha desarrollado instrumentos con capacidad de registrar
las aceleraciones y velocidades del terreno durantegrandes terremotos.
Ahora, los ingenieros tambin disponen de mtodosefectivos para aislar el movimiento del edificio delmovimiento del terreno. Ello se logra instalando en lasfundaciones apoyos flexibles llamados aisladores de labase, estos estan compuestos por capas de lminas deacero intercaladas con capas de caucho o neoprene. Labase tambin puede aislarse mediante una superficiedeslizante. Cuando el terreno se mueve hacia adelante y
hacia atras el edificio permanece quieto.
Los primeros edificios de este tipo construido en EEUUfueron el Law and Justice Center en Rancho Cucamonga( 1985 ), el edificio del departamento de bomberos de laCiudad de Los Angeles ( 1990 ), y el University ofSouthern California Teaching Hospital ( 1991 ), esteltimo tuvo una severa prueba en 1994, cuando elterremoto de Northridge. An cuando el edificio estaba a
unos 30 km del epicentro, la aceleracin horizontalregistrada fue tres o cuatro veces menor de la aceleracinefectiva en el terreno. El edificio fue aisladocorrectamente del movimiento del terreno, movimientosque causaron daos considerables a los edificios vecinos.
En esta simulacin de un
terremoto, el edificio de la
derecha tiene una fundacin
convencional; el edificio de la
izquierda tiene instaladosaisladores de bases en su
fundacin.
Cuando el suelo se mueve
hacia delante y hacia atrs, los
aisladores de base atenuan y
absorben el movimiento,
significativamente disminuye
el movimiento del edificio.
Para repetir la demostracin,pulse en su pantalla.
http://www.um.edu.ar/um/fau/estructura5-anterior/ESTRUCTURAS%201.htmhttp://www.um.edu.ar/um/fau/estructura5-anterior/ESTRUCTURAS%201.htmhttp://www.um.edu.ar/um/fau/estructura5-anterior/ESTRUCTURAS%201.htm8/2/2019 AISLAMIENTO DE FUNDACIONES
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Luego del terremoto de Loma Prieta en San Francisco, eledificio San Francisco City Hall fue reformado colocandoaisaldores de base en el mismo, y lo mismo se haplanificado o se encuentra en ejecucin. Para fines delao 1998 habia en EEUU 45 edificios en diferentes
etapas de su remodelacin colocando aislaciones debase.
DISIPADORES MECANICOS DE ESTRUCTURAS
Y
AISLACION DE BASES
El diseo sismo resistente tradicional de edificios reduce las fuerzasdinmicas inducidas por sismos severos por medio de la capacidad dedisipacin de energa disponible en vigas, columnas y sus conexiones.
La disipacin de energa se suele concentrar en los extremos de loscomponentes estructurales debido, entre otros motivos, a la facilidad deproporcionar detalles que incrementen su ductilidad. Un diseosismoresistente satisfactorio debe asegurar que para un determinadonivel de demanda de ductilidad global la ductilidad seccional y dematerial disponible no sea superada, en especial teniendo en cuenta lasincertidumbres inherentes en la definicin de la accin dinmica. En losltimos quince aos se ha producido un esfuerzo de investigacin
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importante para encontrar sistemas estructurales dctiles -tales comolos muros de corte acoplados o los prticos excntricos-, en los cualessea posible localizar la disipacin de energa. Ms recientemente, y conel fin de mejorar estos eficientes sistemas estructurales, se hanpropuesto tcnicas avanzadas de diseo sismoresistente que incluyen
los aisladores dinmicos y los disipadores mecnicos de energa.
Estossistemas estructurales permiten localizar las demandas de ductilidadreduciendo la accin dinmica en la estructura significativa mentecomparado con la accin que sera inducida a una estructura tradicional.
El aislamiento de base se puede dividir conceptualmente en doscategoras: aisladores dinmicos con neoprenes reforzados y aisladoresdinmicos de friccin (Kelly 1993). Los aisladores dinmicos conneoprenes reforzados reducen las fuerzs ssmicas incrementando elperodo estructural a valores cercanos a 2-3 segundos. A diferencia deellos, los aisladores dinmicos de friccin reducen la accin ssmica
disipando energa en la junta deslizante del edificio y la cimentacin(Bozzo et al. 1989) Los aisladores dinmicos con neoprenes reforzadoshan sido ampliamente investigados y probados en laboratorios y por elloactualmente son los sistemas ms comnmente empleados en laconstruccin. Sin embargo estos aisladores tienen algunas limitaciones,tales como el ser sensibles al contenido de frecuencias de un terremotoy su vulnerabilidad a la presencia de pulsos largos que ocurren enregistros cercanos al epicentro de un sismo. En contraste con losaisladores de neoprenes, los aisladores de friccin son poco sensitivosal contenido de frecuencias de un sismo y son tambin mseconmicos. Sin embargo, en este segundo tipo de aisladores, lasamplificaciones no lineales en el rango de perodos cortos tambinpueden incrementar significativamente los desplazamiento y enparticular debido a la presencia de pulsos largos y la proximidad de unafalla.
Ambos sistemas de aislamiento de base tienen claras ventajas frente aldiseo evidente considerando el gran nmero de edificios yaconstruidos en el mundo que emplean estos sistemas. Para la prcticaconstructiva en Mendoza tienen limitaciones, por lo que su empleo esrecomendable en nuestro medio slo para edificios muy importantespara los cuales se desee proteger no slo la seguridad de las personasque los ocupen sino adems las instalaciones y equipos disponibles ensu interior.
LISTA DE EDIFICIOS DONDE SE HAN USADO LAS AISLACIONES DE BASE
DISPOSITIVOS DE LA EMPRESA TAYLOR DEVICES, INC.AMORTIGUADORES CON FLUIDOS VISCOSOS
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Nombre y
Tipo deEstructura
Ciudad/Pais
Tipo y numerode
Amortiguadore
s
Fecha de
instalacin
CargaInformacin
Adicional
SanFrancisco-
Oakland Bay
Bridge, WestSpan-
Suspension
Bridge
USA/SanFrancisco, CA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 100
2000 kN,483mm
stroke
2450 kN,
584mmstroke
3115 kN,
178mmstroke
Instalacin en
2001
Seismic Retrofit ofsuspension span
between San
Francisco and YerbaBuena island.
Dampers used to
dissipate seismic
energy.
HearstMemorial
Mining
Building
USA/Berkeley,CA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 26
890 kN,813mm
stroke
Instalacin en
2000
Seismic Seismic retrofit of a4-story brick
laboratory building
on the U.C.Berkeley campus.
Dampers provide
energy dissipation
for a seismicisolation system.
Sacramento
River Bridge
at Rio Vista
USA/Rio Vista,
CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 10
825 kN,133mm
stroke
To be
installed
2000
Seismic Seismic retrofit of
lift bridge towers to
dampen the rocking
effect during anearthquake.
Yerba Buena
Tower
USA/San
Francisco, CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 20445 kN,
75mm stroke
To be
installed
2000
Wind New construction,
37-story
hotel/condominiumswith dampers used
in displacement
multiplying togglebraces to improve
occupant comfort
during wind storms.
Ingram Micro USA/Santa Ana, Taylor Fluid To be Seismic Voluntary seismic
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Office
Building
CA Dampers
Total: 7490 kN,
127mm
stroke
installed
2000
upgrade to this 3-
story officebuilding. Utilizes
dampers in chevron
braces for seismic
energy dissipation.
Maysville
Bridge
USA/Maysville,
KY
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 81300 kN,
305mm
stroke
To be
installed
2000
Seismic New bridge utilizes
dampers to control
earthquakemovement and
distribute forces
while allowing free
thermal movement
111Huntington
Avenue
USA/Boston,MA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 1001300 kN,
101mmstroke
To beinstalled
2000
Wind New construction,38-story building
uses a combinationof direct acting
dampers and togglebrace dampers to
reduce motion
caused by windstorms.
Millennium
Place
USA/Boston,
MA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 40
445 kN,101mm
stroke
To be
installed
2000
Wind New construction,
37-story building
uses dampers with
toggle braces toreduce motion
caused by wind
storms.
Cape
GirardeauBridge
USA/Cape
Girardeau, MO
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 16
6700 kN,
180mm
stroke
To be
installed2000
Seismic New construction of
a cable-stayedbridge. Dampers
used to control
longitudinal
earthquakemovement while
allowing free
thermal movement
Route 364Page Avenue
Extension
Bridge
USA/SaintLouis, MO
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 178
1050 kN,
To beinstalled
2000
Seismic New tied arch/plategirder bridge uses
dampers to control
longitudinal
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50mm stroke
756 kN,70mm stroke
1824 kN,
50mm stroke
2225 kN,92mm stroke
556 kN,127mm
stroke
867 kN,
127mmstroke
earthquake
movement whileallowing free
thermal movement.
Triborough
Bridge
Approaches
USA/New York,
NY
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 80445 kN,152mm
stroke
To be
installed
2000
Seismic Retrofit of the
approaches to a
suspension bridge.Dampers used tocontrol earthquake
movement and
distribute forceswhile allowing free
thermal movement.
Novelty
Bridge #404B
USA/Seattle,
WA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 81450 kN,
100mmstroke
To be
installed
2000
Seismic Replacement bridge
project in King
County usesdampers to allow
thermal movementand restrict seismicmovements.
AmolanasBridge
Chile/Santiago Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 4
3000 kN,200mm
stroke
To beinstalled
2000
Seismic New bridge utilizesdampers to absorb
earthquake energy,
reduce movementand distribute forces
while allowing free
thermal movement.
Qinshan III
NuclearPowerplant
China/Shanghai Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 16
445 kN,
127mmstroke
To be
installed2000
Seismic New powerplant
uses dampers in heatexchanger for
seismic
strengthening.
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Chapultepec
Tower (TorreMajor)
Mexico/Mexico
City
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 98
5600 kN,
52mm stroke
2770 kN,52mm stroke
To be
installed2000
Seismic New high-rise
office/hotel toweruses dampers in
mega-braces to
dissipate earthquake
energy.
Atatrk
Airport
Turkey/Istanbul Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 120
45 kN, 25mm
stroke
To be
installed2000
Seismic New international
terminal with FPSisolators uses
dampers to control
deflection and
minimize thermalrestrictions.
I5/91 HOV
Bridge
USA/Anaheim,
CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 8
1110 kN,200mm
stroke
1999 Seismic New bridge uses
dampers to dissipateearthquake energy
for reduceddemands on the
structure
Los Angeles
City Hall
USA/Los
Angeles, CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 68
1400 kN,
600mm
stroke1000 kN,
115mm
stroke
1999 Seismic Retrofit of City Hall
building withdampers used to add
energy dissipation to
base isolation
system. Also usesdampers at 27th
floor to protect
tower from
earthquakes.
MicrosoftSilicon
Valley
Campus -
Building 1
USA/MountainView, CA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 15
1000 kN,
75mm stroke
1999 Seismic New construction,100,000 square foot
computer data
center with dampers
used in chevronbracing elements to
dissipate seismic
energy.
1414 K Street USA/Sacramento, CA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 8
1125 kN,
1999 Seismic Retrofit of anexisting office
building. Dampers
used in diagonal
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63mm stroke braces to dissipate
earthquake energy.
SanFrancisco-
Oakland BayBridge, EastSpan-Truss
Bridge
USA/SanFrancisco, CA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 6890 kN,406mm
stroke
1999 Seismic Interim retrofit ofEast Bay 504 truss
sections. Dampersused to dissipateseismic energy.
San Francisco
InternationalAirport - Rail
Transit
System
WestsideGuideway
USA/San
Francisco, CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 10
4225 kN,
508mm
stroke3115 kN,
508mmstroke
1999 Seismic New Airport Rail
Transit (ART) andBay Area Rapid
Transit (BART)
structure implement
dampers forearthquake energy
dissipation
San Francisco
InternationalAirport -
South
InternationalParking
Garage
Pedestrian
Bridge
USA/San
Francisco, CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 20
445 kN,
254mmstroke
1999 Seismic New pedestrian
bridge utilizesdampers to dissipate
earthquake energy
and reducemovement
TransbayTransit
Terminal
USA/SanFrancisco, CA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 36
1300 kN,
44mm stroke1300 kN,
76mm stroke
1999 Seismic Retrofit of a busterminal. Dampers
used in chevron
bracing elements to
dissipate earthquakeenergy.
Santa Clara
Police
Facility
USA/Santa
Clara, CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 40575 kN,
25mm stroke
800 kN,25mm stroke
1999 Seismic New police facility
utilizes dampers in
chevron bracingelements to dissipate
earthquake energy.
The
Nethercutt
USA/Sylmar,
CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
1999 Seismic New construction,
automotive museum
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Collection Total: 32
1500 kN,75mm stroke
1065 kN,
75mm stroke
665 kN,75mm stroke
with dampers used
in diagonal braces todissipate seismic
energy.
Sidney Lanier
Bridge
USA/Glynn
County, GA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 4
2200 kN,
203mm
stroke
1999 Seismic New bridge utilizes
dampers to controlearthquake
movement and
distribute forces
while allowing freethermal movement
Hyatt Park
Tower
USA/Chicago,
IL
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 10
45 kN,500mm
stroke
22 kN,265mm
stroke
45 kN,
300mmstroke
175 kN,100mmstroke
1999 Wind New 67-story
reinforced concretestructure uses
dampers as part of aTuned Mass
Damper to improve
occupant comfortduring wind storms.
WillametteRiver
Pedestrian
Bridge
USA/Eugene,OR
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 4
500 kN,40mm stroke
1999 Seismic/Wind
Retrofit of a bridgeover the Willamette
River. Dampers
used to control windand earthquake
movement while
allowing free
thermal movement.
Ballpark atUnion Station
USA/Houston,TX
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 16
300 kN,153mm
stroke
1999 Wind New baseballstadium utilizes
dampers to mitigate
the effects ofhurricane force
winds on the roof
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structure.
Beijing
RailwayStation
China/Beijing Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 32
1300 kN,44mm stroke
1999 Seismic Retrofit of a railway
station. Dampersused in chevron
bracing elements todissipate earthquakeenergy.
New Pacific
Northwest
Baseball Park(Safeco Field)
USA/Seattle,
WA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 361780 kN,
+100mm
stroke
890 kN,+400mm
stroke
1998/199
9
Wind/
Kinetic
Energy
Dampers installed
between three roof
sections and at endstops to absorb
energy from impact
due to wind, kinetic
energy and motordrive.
UCLA-
Knudsen Hall
USA/Los
Angeles, CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 84355 kN,
100mm
stroke245 kN,
100mm
stroke
1998 Seismic Seismic upgrade of
a University
building. Dampersused in chevron
bracing elements to
dissipate earthquakeenergy.
TillamookHospital
USA/Tillamook,OR
Taylor FluidDampersTotal: 30
135 kN,
50mm stroke
1998 Seismic Retrofit of anexisting hospital tomeet current seismic
protection code
levels. Dampers
used in chevronbraces to dissipate
earthquake energy.
First Avenue
South Bridge
USA/Seattle,
WA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 4600 kN,
+635mm
stroke
1998 Kinetic
Energy
ofMoving
Bridge
Retrofit of a bascule
bridge to protect the
bascule leafs fromrunaway motors and
brake failures
New PacificNorthwest
Baseball Park
USA/Seattle,WA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 8
1998 Seismic/Wind
New baseballstadium utilizes
dampers to dissipate
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(Safeco Field) 3600 kN,
381mmstroke
earthquake energy
in each of threemovable roof
sections
AlaskaCommercialBuilding
USA/Alaska Taylor FluidDampersTotal: 2
445 kN,
64mm stroke
1997 Seismic Retrofit of a timberframe structure.Dampers used in
diagonal bracing to
dissipate earthquakeenergy
Hayward City
Hall
USA/Hayward,
CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 15
1400 kN,600mm
stroke
1997 Seismic New construction,
dampers used to add
energy dissipation to
friction pendulumbearing isolation
system
CSULA
Administratio
n Building
USA/Los
Angeles, CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 141100 kN,
75mm stroke
1997 Seismic Seismic upgrade to
office building.
Dampers used inchevron bracing
elements to dissipate
seismic energy.
Studio
ParkingGarage
USA/Los
Angeles, CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 2
150 kN,50mm stroke
1997 Seismic Dampers used to
allow thermalmotion, concrete
expansion/contraction and creep, whilecontrolling
earthquake
movement
Rockwell
Building 505
USA/Newport
Beach, CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 6
320 kN,
64mm stroke
1997 Seismic Retrofit of a long
building withmultiple expansion
gaps. Dampers
restrict relative
movement betweenbuilding sections
San Francisco
Civic Center
USA/San
Francisco, CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 2921000 kN,
100mm
1997 Seismic New construction,
14-story, 800,000
square footGovernment office
building with
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stroke
550 kN,100mm
stroke
dampers in diagonal
bracing elements todissipate seismic
energy
Worcester'sCentrumCentre/Arena
and
ConventionComplex
USA/Worcester,MA Taylor FluidDampersTotal: 32
10 kN, 75mm
stroke
1997 Pedestrian Traffic/Dancing
Ballroom floortuned mass dampingsystem to eliminate
perceptible vibration
due to dancing inputand other potential
input motions.
Quebec Iron
and Titanium
Smelter
Canada/Tracy Taylor Spring
Dampers and
TaylorDampers
Total: 22450 kN,
64mm stroke225 kN,
100mm
stroke130 kN,
100mm
stroke
1997 Seismic/
Wind
Dual purpose spring
dampers used for
seismic and windprotection of two
smelter buildings.Dampers used to
prevent buildingsfrom impacting
during a seismic
event.
Kaiser Data
Center
USA/Corona,
CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 16
425 kN,
560mm
stroke
1996 Seismic Seismic retrofit with
dampers used to addenergy dissipation to
rubber bearing
isolation system.
LangenbachHouse
USA/Oakland,CA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 4
130 kN,
150mmstroke
1996 Seismic Seismic dampersused to provide
energy dissipation in
base isolation
system.
CSUS
Science II
Building
USA/Sacrament
o, CA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 40220 kN,
50mm stroke
1996 Seismic Seismic dampers
used in chevron
bracing of this newstructure to dissipate
seismic energy.
The Money USA/Sacrament Taylor Fluid 1996 Seismic New construction,
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Store
NationalHeadquarters
o, CA Dampers
Total: 120710
kN,64mm
stroke
1290 kN,64mm stroke
pyramid shaped 11-
story officebuilding, moment
frame structure with
dampers in diagonal
braces.
Arrowhead
RegionalMedical
Center (5
buildings)
USA/San
Bernardino, CA
Nonlinear
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 186
1400 kN,
600mmstroke
1996 Seismic New construction,
dampers used to addenergy dissipation to
rubber bearing
isolation system in
five independentlyisolated buildings.
Hotel
Woodland
USA/Woodland,
CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 16
450 kN,50mm stroke
1996 Seismic Seismic retrofit of
four-story historicmasonry structure
with fluid dampersin chevron bracing.
28 State
Street
USA/Boston,
MA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 40670 kN,
25mm stroke
1996 Wind Wind dampers used
in diagonal bracing
for comfort levelimprovements to a
completely
renovated high-rise
office building.
First AvenueBridge
USA/Seattle,WA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 4
400 kN,
+685mmstroke
1996 KineticEnergy
of
Moving
Bridge
Protection of newbascule leafs from
runaway motors and
brake failures.
Montlake
Bridge
USA/Seattle,
WA
Taylor Fluid
Dampers
Total: 4
240 kN,+483mm
stroke
1996 Kinetic
Energy
of
MovingBridge
Retrofit of a bascule
bridge to protect the
bascule leafs from
runaway motors andbrake failures.
Pacific Bell
North AreaOperation
Center
USA/Sacrament
o, CA
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 62
130 kN,
1995 Seismic New construction,
three-story steelbraced frame,
dampers in chevron
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50mm stroke braces used to
dissipate seismicenergy.
Petronas
Twin Towers
Malaysia/KLCC Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 1210 kN, 50mm
stroke
1995 Wind Kuala Lumpur City
Centre high-risetowers, part of massdamping system in
skybridge legs.
Rich Stadium USA/Buffalo,
NY
Taylor Fluid
DampersTotal: 12
50 kN,
460mm
stroke
1993 Wind Wind dampers
connect light polesto the stadium
parapet wall to
eliminate base plate
anchor bolt fatigue.
West SeattleBridge
USA/Seattle,WA
Taylor FluidDampers
Total: 6
1000 kN,
+406mmstroke
2515 kN,
+254mmstroke
1990 KineticEnergy
of
Moving
Bridge
Deck isolation forswing bridge.
NorthAmerican Air
DefenseCommand
USA/CheyenneMountain, CO
TaylorDampers
Quantity, typeand sizeclassified
1984 NuclearAttack
Classified