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Alternative business models-- Author (or sponsor) pays Thomas J. Walker University of Florida. Authors or their sponsors. $$. Everyone on the Internet. Editing, reviewing, composing. Publishers. Summary. Providing your clients what they want, at a fair price, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Alternative business models--Author (or sponsor) pays Thomas J. WalkerUniversity of Florida
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir
sponsors
$$
Summary
Providing your clients what they want, at a fair price,
may be a good way to stay in business.
Outline• Clients want “IFWA”• IFWA is affordable• Making the transition to IFWA
– Florida Entomological Society (100% IFWA)
– Entomological Society of America (55% IFWA)
Clients want“IFWA”
IFWA=Immediate Free
Web Access
Notroyalties
butIMPACT
Traditional dissemination
Electronic dissemination
User
User
User
LibraryFloridaEntomologist
Issues
Reprints
FTP
Files onpublisher’scomputer
Web server
Publishers
Individual subscriptions
Institutions’staff and affiliated personnel
Everyone else
Editing, reviewing, composing
SubscriptionsSite
Licenses
$ $$$
Creditcards
Internetaddresses
Usernamesand
passwords
Subscr.
Pay Per View
Site L.
$
Restricted Access
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir sponsors
$$
Free Access
Web server
Web server
IFWA isaffordable
Dissemination modes• Traditional [first 330 years]
• Parallel (traditional + electronic) [last few years]
• Electronic only: for fee [no way]
• Electronic only: for free [the future]
Publishers
Individual subscriptions
Institutions’staff and affiliated personnel
Everyone else
Editing, reviewing, composing
SubscriptionsSite
Licenses
$ $$$
Creditcards
Internetaddresses
Usernamesand
passwords
Subscr.
Pay Per View
Site L.
$
Fee Access
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir sponsors
$$
Free Access
Web server
Web server
Dissemination costs• Traditional: High• Parallel: Very high• E-only, for fee : Low• E-only, for free : Very low
IFWAis coming
Makingthe transition
FES: 450 members 1 journal (4 issues/year)
$55,000/yr publishing costs
ESA: 5700 members 4 journals (each 6 issues/year)
$700,000/yr publishing costs
Two entomological societies
ISI Journal Citation Reports 66 entomology journals
Florida Entomologist 30
J. Economic Entomology 11 Environmental Entomology 13 Annals Entomol. Soc. Am. 16 J. Medical Entomology 13
FloridaEntomological
Society 100% IFWA since 1994
Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files
Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added
Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed
Florida Entomological Society Back-issue project
• 1917-1993 issues (ca. 20,000 pages)• $11,255 for JSTOR-type scanning• PDF files posted, with free access, by
Florida Center for Library Automation• Total cost to FES was
less than 60 cents per page
Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed• 2000-2001 [in a minute!]• 2002 ISI to implement hotlinks to full text
Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
4 ESA Journals
Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
revenues
4 ESA Journals
Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed• 2000 Obligatory IFWA fee authorized
Florida EntomologistObligatory IFWA fees
Articles $100Scientific notes $ 50
To start with the March 2001 issue!
Florida Entomological Society• 1993 Free access endorsed• 1994 Free access via PDF files• 1995 Switch from Gopher to Web• 1996 Minimal HTML files added• 1997 InfoLinks initiated • 1998 Full-text searching implemented• 1999 Back-issue project completed• 2000 Obligatory IFWA fee authorized • 2001 Obligatory IFWA fee accepted!!
Institutional subscriptions
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
Florida Entomologist
revenues
4 ESA Journals
subscriptions
subscriptions
Florida Entomologist 2001IFWA gross income 90 articles @$100 = $9,000 36 sci. notes @$50 = $1,800
Total = $10,800
E-version costs751 pages @$3.15 = $2,366
IFWA net income = $8,434
Florida Entomologist 2001Institutional subscriptions potential net income (185x$45) = $8,325 IFWA fees actual net income = $8,434
Florida Entomologist 2001IFWA fees actual net income = $8,434 needed to replace 20 subscriptions = 900
“windfall” income = $7,534
Florida Entomologist
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Page
s pu
blis
hed
No IFWA fees IFWAfees
Entomological Society
of Americacurrently ca. 55% IFWA
Institutional Subscriptions
-40%
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
4 ESA Journals
revenues
subscriptions
prices increased
Entomological Society of America• 1995 GB approves IFWA sales• 1996 GB approves IFWA sales again• 1997 GB cancels approval• 1998 GB votes to start for-fee e-access
ESA:Economics for-fee e-versions
Cost: $56,000 per year(ca. $14 per page published)
Losses: to be held to no more than $80,000 for 2000-2004
Entomological Society of America• 1995 GB approves IFWA sales• 1996 GB approves IFWA sales again• 1997 GB cancels approval• 1998 GB votes to start for-fee e-access• 1999 GB approves IFWA sales yet again• 2000 IFWA sales begin
ESA’s IFWA revenues
Year Pene- Pages Grosstration revenues
2000 25% 1446 $18,391
2001 51% 2390 $31,259
Institutional Subscriptions + IFWA
-40%
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Dev
iatio
ns fr
om 1
994
valu
es (%
)
4 ESA Journals
revenues
subscriptions
IFWA added
ESA’s IFWA revenues
Year Pene- Pages Grosstration revenues
2000 25% 1446 $18,391
2001 51% 2390 $31,259
Mean gross per page = $12.94
Ways to boost IFWA income
• Improve the service
Ways to improve the service• Allow immediate posting anywhere
Ways to improve the service• Allow immediate posting anywhere• Seek hotlinks from Current Contents and
other literature indexes
• Post articles on OAI-compliant server
• Post articles on PubMed Central
• Facilitate Google indexing
Ways to boost IFWA income
• Improve the service• Change the name
From “PDF reprints”
to
“PDF reprints Plus”???
Ways to boost IFWA income
• Improve the service• Change the name• Charge more
Reprint (=offprint) prices (USD)100 copies, 7 or 8 pages, no covers, with shipping
Tri-society $ 95Florida Entomologist 102ESA journals 126Taylor and Francis 200Oxford journals 250Amer Physical Society 269Elsevier 310Springer 464Wiley 492
Average=$257
Entomological Society of America
prospects and
business plan
Summary
Providing your clients what they want, at a fair price,
may be a good way to stay in business.
THE END
Publishers Editing, reviewing, composing Everyone on the Internet
Authors ortheir
sponsors
$$
The future of journals:
(of this talk)
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1998 1999 2000 2001
Mem
bers
hip
& re
venu
es (r
elat
ive)
FES full members
FES full + student
ESA full members
ESA full + student
FES membership revenues
Effect of IFWA on membership??