AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqIbwVI sbMDI nIqI

AiDAwpk dw nwm – vIr pwl AiDAwpk dw nwm – vIr pwl kOrkOr

klws – A`TvINklws – A`TvIN

AiDAwey nM- 12AiDAwey nM- 12

skUl dw nwm – s.h.s gurny skUl dw nwm – s.h.s gurny klWklW

pUrv igAwnpUrv igAwn

AMgryzI SwSn kwl dw smW kdoN qoN AMgryzI SwSn kwl dw smW kdoN qoN kdoN q`k sI?kdoN q`k sI?

AMgryzW ny Bwrq iv`c ikhVy-2 kMm kIqy?AMgryzW ny Bwrq iv`c ikhVy-2 kMm kIqy? AMgryzI SwSn kwl dOrwn BwrqI lokW dw AMgryzI SwSn kwl dOrwn BwrqI lokW dw

mu`K ik`qw kI sI?mu`K ik`qw kI sI? AMgryzW ny BwrqI KyqIbwVI leI ikhVIAW-2 AMgryzW ny BwrqI KyqIbwVI leI ikhVIAW-2

nIqIAW ApxweIAW?nIqIAW ApxweIAW?

AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqI bwVI sbMDI nIqI

Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW dIAW KyqIbwVI Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW dIAW KyqIbwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu`K audyS Bwrq sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu`K audyS Bwrq iv`coN v`D qoN v`D Dn ie`kTw krnw iv`coN v`D qoN v`D Dn ie`kTw krnw sI[sI[

lgwn pRxwlI iv`c vI AMgryzW ny ies lgwn pRxwlI iv`c vI AMgryzW ny ies audyS nMU mu`K r`Kdy hoey Bwrq audyS nMU mu`K r`Kdy hoey Bwrq iv`c v`K-2 lgwn pRxwlIAW lwgU iv`c v`K-2 lgwn pRxwlIAW lwgU kIqIAW sn[kIqIAW sn[

auhnW dw mu`K audyS auhnW dw mu`K audyS Bwrq iv`coN v`D qoN v`D Bwrq iv`coN v`D qoN v`D

Dn ie`kTw krnw sI[Dn ie`kTw krnw sI[

Tyky qy BUmI dyx dw Tyky qy BUmI dyx dw pRbMD pRbMD

Lwrf vwrn hysitMgz ny lgwn ie`kTw krn Lwrf vwrn hysitMgz ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw ijs leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw ijs Anuswr sB qoN v`D bolI dyx vwilAW nMU Anuswr sB qoN v`D bolI dyx vwilAW nMU pMj swlW leI BUmI kr ie`kTw krn dw pMj swlW leI BUmI kr ie`kTw krn dw AiDkwr id`qw igAw[AiDkwr id`qw igAw[

1777 eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI 1777 eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ Tykydwr QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ Tykydwr ikswnW nMU bhuq lu`tdy sn[ ikswnW nMU bhuq lu`tdy sn[

ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[

lwrf vwrn hysitMgzlwrf vwrn hysitMgz

lwrf kwrnvwilslwrf kwrnvwils

sQweI bMdobsqsQweI bMdobsq

ies pRbMD Anuswr izMmIdwrW nMU ies pRbMD Anuswr izMmIdwrW nMU hmySw leI BUmI dy mwlk bxw id`qw hmySw leI BUmI dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[ igAw[

auhnW duAwrw srkwr nMU id`qw jwx auhnW duAwrw srkwr nMU id`qw jwx vwlw lgwn inSicq kr id`qw[ vwlw lgwn inSicq kr id`qw[

izMmIdwr inSicq lgwn dI rwSI srkwrI izMmIdwr inSicq lgwn dI rwSI srkwrI ^zwny iv`c jmHW krvwauNdy sn[ ^zwny iv`c jmHW krvwauNdy sn[

jykr auh iksy kwrx krky Aijhw nhIN krdy jykr auh iksy kwrx krky Aijhw nhIN krdy sn qW srkwr auhnW dI zmIn dw ku`J ih`sw sn qW srkwr auhnW dI zmIn dw ku`J ih`sw vyc ky lgwn dI rkm pUrI kr lYNdI sI[vyc ky lgwn dI rkm pUrI kr lYNdI sI[

izMmIdwr bhuq KuS sn[izMmIdwr bhuq KuS sn[

sQweI bMdobsq dy lwBsQweI bMdobsq dy lwB

ies bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk ies bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[bx gey[

eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dI Awmdn inSicq ho geI[eIst ieMfIAw kMpnI dI Awmdn inSicq ho geI[ izMmIdwr AmIr ho gey sn Aqy auhnW ny izMmIdwr AmIr ho gey sn Aqy auhnW ny

audXog nMU sQwpq krn Aqy vpwr dw ivkws audXog nMU sQwpq krn Aqy vpwr dw ivkws krn leI Dn Krc kIqw[krn leI Dn Krc kIqw[

Lgwn dw mslw hmySw leI h`l ho igAw[Lgwn dw mslw hmySw leI h`l ho igAw[ izMmIdwrW dy XqnW nwl KyqI-bwVI dw izMmIdwrW dy XqnW nwl KyqI-bwVI dw

bhuq ivkws hoieAw[ bhuq ivkws hoieAw[

izMmIdwrW ny audXog izMmIdwrW ny audXog nMU sQwpq kIqynMU sQwpq kIqy

sQweI bMdobsq dy doSsQweI bMdobsq dy doS izMmIdwr ikswnW au~qy bhuq izMmIdwr ikswnW au~qy bhuq

Aiq`Awcwr krdy sn[Aiq`Awcwr krdy sn[ Srkwr nMU ies nwl AwriQk hwnI hoeI Srkwr nMU ies nwl AwriQk hwnI hoeI

ikauNik aus dI Awmdn qW inSicq sI ikauNik aus dI Awmdn qW inSicq sI pRqMU aus dw ^rc v`D irhw sI[pRqMU aus dw ^rc v`D irhw sI[

krW dw boJ KyqI-bwVI nw krn vwly hor krW dw boJ KyqI-bwVI nw krn vwly hor DMdy dy lokW au~qy pYx l`gw[ srkwr dw DMdy dy lokW au~qy pYx l`gw[ srkwr dw ikswnW nwl koeI is`Dw sMprk nhIN sI[ikswnW nwl koeI is`Dw sMprk nhIN sI[

sQweI bMdobsq ny bhuq swry izMmIdwrW sQweI bMdobsq ny bhuq swry izMmIdwrW nMU AwlsI Aqy AYS-psMd bxw id`qw[nMU AwlsI Aqy AYS-psMd bxw id`qw[

r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMDr`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD

1820 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy 1820 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[kIqw[

ies pRbMD dy Anuswr srkwr ny is`Dw ies pRbMD dy Anuswr srkwr ny is`Dw ikswnW qoN BUmI lgwn lYx dw PYslw ikswnW qoN BUmI lgwn lYx dw PYslw kIqw[kIqw[

ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[igAw[

ies pRbMD Anuswr BUmI kr dI rkm hryk 20 ies pRbMD Anuswr BUmI kr dI rkm hryk 20 qoN 30 swlW ip`CoN vDw id`qI jWdI hY[ qoN 30 swlW ip`CoN vDw id`qI jWdI hY[

r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD dy r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD dy lwBlwB

ies Anuswr bMdobsq izMmIdwrW dI bjwey ies Anuswr bMdobsq izMmIdwrW dI bjwey is`Dw ikswnW nwl kIqw igAw[is`Dw ikswnW nwl kIqw igAw[

ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw ikswnW nMU zmInW dy mwlk bxw id`qw igAw[igAw[

dUjw, ies pRbMD Anuswr srkwr dI Awmdn dUjw, ies pRbMD Anuswr srkwr dI Awmdn iv`c pihlW nwloN vwDw hoieAw[iv`c pihlW nwloN vwDw hoieAw[

ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 40% qoN 55% q`k huMdw sI[ pYdwvwr dw 40% qoN 55% q`k huMdw sI[

r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD dy r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD dy doSdoS

r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD ADIn r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD ADIn izMmIdwrW dI bjwey srkwr ikswnW izMmIdwrW dI bjwey srkwr ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI[dw SoSx krdI sI[

ikswnW qoN aupj dw kw&I ih`sw lgwn ikswnW qoN aupj dw kw&I ih`sw lgwn dy rUp iv`c lY ilAw jWdw sI[dy rUp iv`c lY ilAw jWdw sI[

grIb ikswnW nMu lgwn dI rkm Adw grIb ikswnW nMu lgwn dI rkm Adw krn leI SwhUkwrW qoN krzw lYx bdly krn leI SwhUkwrW qoN krzw lYx bdly AwpxIAW zmInW gihxy r`KxIAW AwpxIAW zmInW gihxy r`KxIAW pYNdIAW sn[ pYNdIAW sn[

srkwr ikswnW dw SoSx srkwr ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sIkrdI sI

mihlvwVI pRbMDmihlvwVI pRbMD

ies pRbMD Anuswwr srkwr nMu lgwn dyx dI ies pRbMD Anuswwr srkwr nMu lgwn dyx dI izMmyvwrI swry BweIcwry dI huMdI sI[izMmyvwrI swry BweIcwry dI huMdI sI[

ieh pRbMD lMby smyN leI kIqw jWdw sI[ieh pRbMD lMby smyN leI kIqw jWdw sI[ ies pRbMD nMU sB qoN cMgw mMinAw jWdw ies pRbMD nMU sB qoN cMgw mMinAw jWdw

sI[sI[ ies iv`c pihly donW sQweI bMdobsq Aqy ies iv`c pihly donW sQweI bMdobsq Aqy

r`eIAqvwVI pRbMDW dy gux Swml sn[r`eIAqvwVI pRbMDW dy gux Swml sn[ ies pRbMD dw mu`K doS ieh sI ik ies Anuswr ies pRbMD dw mu`K doS ieh sI ik ies Anuswr

lokW nMU bhuq izAwdw BUmI lgwn dyxw lokW nMU bhuq izAwdw BUmI lgwn dyxw pYNdw sI[ pYNdw sI[

Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW duAwrw pRcilq kIqI geI Bwrq iv`c AMgryzW duAwrw pRcilq kIqI geI lgwn ivvsQw kwrn ikswnW au~qy zulm hox lgwn ivvsQw kwrn ikswnW au~qy zulm hox l`gI[ l`gI[

srkwr izMmIdwrW nMU ikswnW Aqy srkwr izMmIdwrW nMU ikswnW Aqy muzwirAW au~qy A`iqAwcwr krn qoN nhI muzwirAW au~qy A`iqAwcwr krn qoN nhI rokdI sI[ rokdI sI[

ijhVy KyqrW iv`c r`ieAqvwVI Aqy mihlvwVI ijhVy KyqrW iv`c r`ieAqvwVI Aqy mihlvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqy gey sn, au~Qy izMmIdwrW pRbMD lwgU kIqy gey sn, au~Qy izMmIdwrW dI bjwey srkwr Awp ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI[dI bjwey srkwr Awp ikswnW dw SoSx krdI sI[

AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-AMgryzW dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw bwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw

pRBwvpRBwv

ikswnW au~qy zulm hox ikswnW au~qy zulm hox l`gyl`gy

ies dy ielwvw zmIn dy in`jI sMpqI bx jwx ies dy ielwvw zmIn dy in`jI sMpqI bx jwx kwrn zmIn dI hOlI-2 pirvwr dy mYNbrW kwrn zmIn dI hOlI-2 pirvwr dy mYNbrW iv`c vMf huMdI geI[iv`c vMf huMdI geI[

ijs kwrn auhnW dI AwriQk hwlwq bhuq ijs kwrn auhnW dI AwriQk hwlwq bhuq Krwb ho geI sI[ Krwb ho geI sI[

Asl iv`c AMgryzI srkwr dIAW KyqI-bwVI Asl iv`c AMgryzI srkwr dIAW KyqI-bwVI sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu~K audyS BUmI sbMDI nIqIAW dw mu~K audyS BUmI lgwn duAwrw v`D qoN v`D lwB pRwpq lgwn duAwrw v`D qoN v`D lwB pRwpq krnw Aqy swmrwjI ih`qW dI r`iKAw krnw krnw Aqy swmrwjI ih`qW dI r`iKAw krnw sI[ sI[

ikRSI dw vxzIkrxikRSI dw vxzIkrx

Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI Swsn dI sQwpnw qoN Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI Swsn dI sQwpnw qoN pihlW BwrqI lokW dw mu`K ik`qw KyqI-pihlW BwrqI lokW dw mu`K ik`qw KyqI-bwVI krnw sI[ bwVI krnw sI[

KyqI-bwVI ipMf dy lokW dIAW loVW nMU KyqI-bwVI ipMf dy lokW dIAW loVW nMU pUrw krn leI kIqI jWdI sI[pUrw krn leI kIqI jWdI sI[

pRqMU Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI rwj ho jwx nwl pRqMU Bwrq iv`c AMgryzI rwj ho jwx nwl ipMfW dI Awqm-inrBr ArQ ivvsQw nMU ipMfW dI Awqm-inrBr ArQ ivvsQw nMU bhuq nukswn hoieAw[ bhuq nukswn hoieAw[

AMgryzW duAwrw lwgU kIqI geI BUmI AMgryzW duAwrw lwgU kIqI geI BUmI lgwn pRxwlI Anuswr ikswnW nMU lgwn dy lgwn pRxwlI Anuswr ikswnW nMU lgwn dy qOr qy inSicq rkm smyN isr srkwr nMU qOr qy inSicq rkm smyN isr srkwr nMU dyxI pYNdI sI[ dyxI pYNdI sI[

BwrqI dw mu`K ik`qw BwrqI dw mu`K ik`qw KyqI-bwVI KyqI-bwVI

auhnW dw audyS &slW qoN v`D-2 Dn auhnW dw audyS &slW qoN v`D-2 Dn kmwauxw ho igAw sI[kmwauxw ho igAw sI[

ikswn hux kpwh, kxk, qyl dy bIj, gMnw ikswn hux kpwh, kxk, qyl dy bIj, gMnw Aqy ptsn Awid &slW pYdw krn lgy ikauNik Aqy ptsn Awid &slW pYdw krn lgy ikauNik iehnW dI mMfIAW iv`c bhuq mMg sI[iehnW dI mMfIAW iv`c bhuq mMg sI[

ieMglYNf iv`c audXoigk kRWqI Awaux ieMglYNf iv`c audXoigk kRWqI Awaux kwrn au~Qy sQwpq kIqy gey kwrKwinAW kwrn au~Qy sQwpq kIqy gey kwrKwinAW leI k`cy mwl dI bhuq lOV sI[ leI k`cy mwl dI bhuq lOV sI[

ies krky AMgryzI srkwr ny KyqI-bwVI Bwv ies krky AMgryzI srkwr ny KyqI-bwVI Bwv ikRSI dw vxjIkrx surU kr id`qw, jo pMjwb, ikRSI dw vxjIkrx surU kr id`qw, jo pMjwb, bMgwl, gujrwq, KwndyS Aqy brwr Awid bMgwl, gujrwq, KwndyS Aqy brwr Awid KyqrW iv`c sB qoN v`D hoieAw sI[ KyqrW iv`c sB qoN v`D hoieAw sI[

AiBAwsAiBAws

KwlI QwvW BroKwlI QwvW Bro

_________ eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI _________ eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[

_________ ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW _________ ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[

_________ iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy _________ iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[kIqw[

ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw ______ qoN _____ q`k huMdw pYdwvwr dw ______ qoN _____ q`k huMdw sI[ sI[

KwlI QwvW BroKwlI QwvW Bro

1777 eI.1777 eI. iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW iv`c aus ny pMj swlW Tyky dI QW ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[ie`k swl pRbMD SurU kIqw[

Lwrf vwrn hysitMgzLwrf vwrn hysitMgz ny lgwn ie`kTw krn ny lgwn ie`kTw krn leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[leI pMj swlW Tyky dw pRbMD kIqw[

1820 eI:1820 eI: iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[kIqw[

ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw pYdwvwr dw 40%40% qoN qoN 55%55% q`k huMdw sI[ q`k huMdw sI[

shI jW glqshI jW glq

sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[mwlk bx gey[

1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy 1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[kIqw[

ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw sI[ pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw sI[

ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[

shI jW glqshI jW glq

sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy sQweI bMdobsq kwrn izMmIdwr BUmI dy mwlk bx gey[mwlk bx gey[ (shI)(shI)

1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy 1825 eI. iv`c Qwms munro ny mdrws Aqy muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU muMbeI iv`c r`eIAqwvwVI pRbMD lwgU kIqw[kIqw[ (glq)(glq)

ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo ikswnW dw lgwn iniScq kr id`qw igAw jo pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw pYdwvwr dw 45% qoN 65% q`k huMdw sI[ sI[ (glq)(glq)

ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c ies krky lwrf kwrnvwils ny 1793 eI: iv`c bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMgwl Aqy ibhwr dy pRwqW iv`c sQweI bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ bMdobsq pRbMD SurU kIqw[ (shI)(shI)

pRSnwvlIpRSnwvlI

sQweI bMdobsq iks ny, kdoN Aqy ikQy sQweI bMdobsq iks ny, kdoN Aqy ikQy SurU kIqw sI?SurU kIqw sI?

r`eIAqvwVI pRbMD iks ny, kdoN Aqy r`eIAqvwVI pRbMD iks ny, kdoN Aqy ikQy-2 SurU kIqw?ikQy-2 SurU kIqw?

mihlvwVI pRbMD ikhVy iqMn KyqrW mihlvwVI pRbMD ikhVy iqMn KyqrW iv`c lwgU kIqw igAw?iv`c lwgU kIqw igAw?

ikRSI vxzIkrx ikvyN hoieAw?ikRSI vxzIkrx ikvyN hoieAw? ikRSI vxzIkrx dIAW do mu~K &slW ikRSI vxzIkrx dIAW do mu~K &slW

ikhVIAW sn? ikhVIAW sn?

mu`K mu`K sRoqsRoq

pMjwb skUl is`iKAw borf dI A`TvIN pMjwb skUl is`iKAw borf dI A`TvIN

klws dI smwijk is`iKAw dI pwT pusqk klws dI smwijk is`iKAw dI pwT pusqk

iv`coN [iv`coN [ http://img2.chakpak.com/se_images/http://img2.chakpak.com/se_images/

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