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SPECIAL OPS & AMPHIBIOUS PLATFORMS

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DEFENCE COOPERATION

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DEFENCE COOPERATION

OCTOBER 2013VOLUME 21 / ISSUE 6

ContentsContents

Front Cover Photo:Harris is supplying theAN/PRC-152A triband handheldradio to the United States armedforces. This radio can use theproprietary ANW-2 waveform,along with SINCGARSand the new Soldier RadioWaveform © US Army

l OCTOBER 2013 l 03

Das Boot!The Clamour forSubmarines Talk to the Hand!

Thomas WithingtonHandheld radios are experiencinga period of modernisation.Improvements in termsof bandwidth are heraldingincreases in data traffic rates.New products are available andthe US Army is preparing toembark upon the latest phase ofits Handheld, Manpack, SmallForm Factor radio acquisition

David OliverThe conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistanover the last decade have essentiallybeen land operations whilenaval operations, and capabilities,especially helicopters were largelyrelegated to a supporting role,alongside their anti-terrorismmissions in the Indian Ocean

Closer and Closer:South East AsianDefence Cooperation

Special-Ops andAmphibious Systems

06

38

22

30

44

Gordon ArthurTensions on the Korean Peninsula spiked to their highest level in decades this year. North Korea

accused “aggressive” military drills in the South of driving “tension on the peninsula into anextreme phase, creating such danger that a nuclear war may break out any moment”

14

SouthKorean

DefenceModernisation

MovesForward

Thomas WithingtonIt may seem like a contradiction,but the submarine market inAsia is buoyant to say the least,with a number of major acquisi-tions ongoing. Nevertheless, asrecent events have shown,the world of the submariner canbe a dangerous place

Asia PacificTacticalUAV MarketPeter DonaldsonThe Asia-Pacific TacticalUnmanned Aerial Vehicle marketis one of the world’s mostactive, but with the evolution ofnational expertise throughinternational cooperationpreferred to large procurementsof imported systems

50The Rotary Club:Naval HelicoptersEyes Over Oceans

Dzirhan MahadzirIn general, defence cooperationin the South-East Asia region can bebroken down into two distincttypes, the first being militarycooperation and the other beingdefence industry cooperation.Both of which are slowly,but noticeably, on the increase

Gordon ArthurThe Pacific witnessed a bloodycampaign of amphibious landings inWorld War Two, led primarily by theUnited States Marine Corps (USMC).The USMC is the region’s mostpowerful amphibious force, but manyother countries maintain a marinecorps or amphibious-capable infantry

04

Editor: Thomas WithingtonE-mail: [email protected]

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l ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW l

Editorial

ontracts for major defence platformsfrom North Atlantic Treaty Organisation(NATO) members are about as rare ashen’s teeth, particularly given the budgetary environment affecting many

of them which is having a correspondingly significant impact on defence coffers.

Therefore, unsurprisingly, the world’s defence contractors are fighting tooth and nailto land those procurements still yet to be decided. Turkey is in the lucky position ofhaving money to spend on requirements it needs; one of its most important being anew medium-to-high altitude ground-based Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) system.

SAM manufacturers have beaten a path to Ankara to sell their wares with pan-European missile specialists MBDA offering its SAMP-T/ASTER-30 product, Raytheontouting its MIM-104F PAC-3 (Patriot Advanced Capability-3), Rosoboronexport offeringthe latest member of the S-300 SAM family and China’s CPMIEC offering its HQ-9.

Many analysts believed that the acquisition would be a two-horse race, with the MIM-104F PAC-3 competing against the SAMP-T/ASTER-30. After all Turkey has been anenthusiastic NATO member since 1952. It has also been an enthusiastic buyer ofWestern, above all American, military equipment.

The surprise then was palpable when the news was announced in late-September thatTurkey had chosen the HQ-9 to satisfy this requirement. It is not for this magazine toargue whether any of the SAM systems in the race were better or worse than anyother. Nevertheless, the victory of the HQ-9 in the competition does illustrate thatChina is an increasingly important actor in the international arms bazaar, and itsability to win a major contract from a NATO nation is an undoubted coup.

By opting for the HQ-9, Turkey obtains an active radar-homing SAM with a range of upto 108 nautical miles (200 kilometres), a maximum altitude of 98,425 feet and a Mach-4.2 top speed; a potent set of specifications for any air defence system. The challengewill be integrating the HQ-9 into other elements of Turkey’s Ground-Based Air Defences(GBAD), notably other lower-tier SAM and air defence systems, air defencecommunications and command and control facilities and GBAD sensors such as long-,medium- and short-range air surveillance radars. But if this occurs without too manyhitches might it show that Chinese weapons systems could offer an increasingly cost-effective and compatible alternative to their Western and Russian equivalents?

Thomas Withington, Editor

Editorial

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FROM SHIP TO SHORE:SPECIAL-OPSAND AMPHIBIOUSSYSTEMS –ANTI PIRACY TO COUNTERTERRORAn LVTP7 amphibious assaultvehicle of the Royal Thai MarineCorps comes ashore duringExercise Cobra Gold. South Korea,Taiwan and the United StatesMarine Corps also use this familyof vehicle © Gordon Arthur

l OCTOBER 2013 l 07

A N D A M P H I B I O U S S Y S T E M S SSPPEECCIIAALL OOPPEERRAATTOONNSS

This article outlines the region’smain marine corps, as well asprominent examples of navalspecial forces. The latter are elitemilitary units capable of con-

ducting specialised missions like countert-errorism, reconnaissance, direct action andunconventional warfare. They are usuallyproficient in parachuting, diving, boating,demolition and close-quarters battle.

USMCMarine Corps Forces Pacific (MARFOR-PAC), headquartered in Hawaii, com-mands 86,000 marines, making it the AsiaPacific’s largest amphibious force. This fig-ure includes I Marine Expeditionary Force(MEF) in California. In Okinawa, Japan, areIII MEF, III Marine Expeditionary Brigade,the 3rd Marine Division, 3rd MarineLogistics Group, 31st Marine ExpeditionaryUnit (MEU) and 1st Marine Aircraft Wing.On mainland Japan is Marine Corps AirStation Iwakuni, while Marine Corps BaseHawaii hosts the 3rd Marine Regiment.The most mobile unit is the 31st MEU,

one of seven quick-reaction units but theonly one forward-deployed. It engageswidely in bilateral and multilateral exercis-es such as Cobra Gold, Balikatan andTalisman Sabre in Thailand, the Philippinesand Australia respectively. The unit, com-prising approximately 2,500 troops, cansustain itself in an austere environment fora 15-day period. Colonel John Merna, the31st MEU commander, described his force:“A key capability of any MEU is its incred-ible flexibility. Every MEU is a maritimeready-response force and we can respondto any crisis or anything along the spectrumof warfare up to an amphibious assault.”Any marine force is dependent on

naval vessels (ranging from landing craftto helicopter carriers) and air assets (typi-cally helicopters). For example, the 31stMEU currently deploys on the US Navy’s(USN) ‘Wasp’ class USS BonhommeRichard and ‘Whidbey Island’ class USS

The Pacific witnessed a bloody campaignof amphibious landings in World War Two, ledprimarily by the United States MarineCorps (USMC). The USMC is the region’smost powerful amphibious force, butmany other countries maintain a marinecorps or amphibious-capable infantry.This is logical since 42 nations border thePacific Ocean which encompasses one-thirdof the earth’s surface.

bbyy Gordon Arthur

Tortuga and Germantown amphibioussupport ships. This embarked “blue-greenteam” creates a 5,000-man AmphibiousReady Group.The USMC is growing in capability

thanks to new assets. The most significant isthe Bell Boeing MV-22B Osprey tilt-rotoraircraft. As an example of its utility andrange, the USMC despatched Ospreys fromOkinawa to Thailand in February 2013. Theaircraft, replacing the Corp’s elderly BoeingCH-46E Sea Knights, self-deployed withjust a stopover in the Philippines.The USMC’s presence is being adjusted

under the USA’s strategic Asia-Pacific“pivot”. Okinawans have long complainedof the inordinate burden of 19,000 USMCpersonnel living there, and the JointStatement of the US-Japan SecurityConsultative Committee in April 2012 intro-

duced the latest realignment plan to divertmarines from Okinawa. The plan will see9,000 marines departing Okinawa, with4,800 redirected to Guam, 2,700 to Hawaii,2,500 to Australia and 800 to the USA.The Australian deployment is signifi-

cant as a Marine Air-Ground Task Force(MAGTF) of 2,500 troops will be locatednear Darwin by 2017. The first 200-manroulement occurred from April-September2012. The USA is pursuing a “places, notbases” policy, and Darwin represents ahandy location near Southeast Asia, theIndian Ocean and the vital Malacca Strait.The USN has special forces in the shape

of Sea, Air and Land (SEAL) teams, with

some permanently deployed to Guam. Ofinterest, the USA has maintained the 600-man Joint Special Operations Task Force –Philippines (JSOTF-P) headquartered inZamboanga, southern Philippines, sincemid-2002. JSOTF-P’s footprint is small,and American officials explain they are inthe country at the behest of the Philippinegovernment as a non-combatant advisorygroup in the fight against terrorism. Oneof JSOTF-P’s component commands isequipped with Mk.V Special OperationsCraft and eleven-metre (36-feet) rigid-hullinflatable boats.

East AsiaThree East Asian countries maintain largemarine corps. China’s 1st and 2nd MarineBrigades in the South Sea Fleet comprise12,000 troops. Their primary role is to pre-pare for a Taiwan contingency (i.e. inva-sion), but potential special operations inthe South China Sea are growing inimportance. They are receiving new assetssuch as ZTD-05 Amphibious AssaultVehicles (AAVs) and ZBD-05 Infantry


The USMC is growingin capability thanks

to new assets.The most significant

is the Bell BoeingMV-22B Ospreytilt-rotor aircraft

Boeing CH-46E Sea Knight helicopters bring 31stMarine Expeditionary Unit members ashore in a2013 helicopter raid. These elderly helicoptershave since been replaced by the Bell Boeing MV-22B Osprey © Gordon Arthur


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Fighting Vehicles (IFV). China’s amphibi-ous capability is currently nowhere nearsufficient to entertain a full-scale invasionof nemesis Taiwan.Of equal importance is expansion of

the People’s Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) amphibious vessel fleet. The18,000-tonne ‘Type 071’ Landing PlatformDock (LPD) hugely improves the PLAN’scapacity for over-the-horizon amphibiousoperations. Also useful for peacekeepingand humanitarian missions, three LPDshave been commissioned to date. China isdeveloping the larger ‘Type 081’ LandingHelicopter Dock (LHD) displacing 22,000tons. The LHD will accommodate eighthelicopters, four hovercraft and 1,068marines. Meanwhile, China is inductingfour 550-ton ‘Zubr’ class hovercraft, withthe first delivered in May 2013.The Republic of China Marine Corps

(ROCMC) also comprises two brigades.Taiwanese marines equipped with assetssuch as M60A3 tanks and AAV7A1 AAVsare charged with defending key installa-tions and responding to threats to outly-ing islands. There has been debate overthe ROCMC’s role considering Taiwan isonly ever going to defend against a quali-tatively and quantitatively superiorChina. In 2005, the 66th Brigade moved tothe outskirts of Taipei to help counter anypotential People’s Liberation Army‘decapitation strike’ against the capital.Taiwan’s navy operates Landing ShipTank (LST) and Landing Craft Utility(LCU) vessels to transport marines.The Republic of Korea (ROK) is threat-

ened by massive North Korean forces. TheROK Marine Corps (ROKMC) is a distinc-tive service rather than being merely abranch of the navy. As a peninsula nation,surrounded by sea on three sides, SouthKorea’s possession of a marine corpsmakes sense. The fledgling ROKMC par-ticipated in the Battle of Incheon, whichforced North Korea into retreat in 1950.Today, the ROKMC poses the same kindof behind-the-lines threat to any North

Korean aggression. As well as amphibiousassaults, 27,000 ROKMC personnel canaccomplish missions such as conventionalground warfare, special warfare and facil-ity protection. Many marines are perform-ing their 24-month conscription period.The corps is structured into two divisionsand one brigade, with 5,000 marines in thelatter guarding the maritime approachesto Seoul and port of Incheon on five north-

west islands in the Yellow Sea.South Korean amphibious capabilities

grew considerably when the first ‘Dokdo’class LHD entered service in 2007. Thisvessel can carry 700 marines, ten helicop-ters, two hovercraft and ten tanks. A sec-ond ship is due later this decade. TheROKMC is well equipped with AAV7s,K1 tanks and K9 self-propelled howitzers.In the 2017-20 period the ROKMC will


A close-up of members of Singapore’s elite Naval Diving Unit, a formation tasked withcounterterrorism, explosive ordnance disposal and special warfare. (Gordon Arthur)

A K1 main battle tank of the Republic of KoreaMarine Corps disembarks from a Tank LandingShip during Exercise Ssangyong near Pohangearlier this year © Gordon Arthur


gain an aviation group for the first time.The navy possesses a highly capableNaval Special Warfare brigade thought tocomprise two battalions and an ExplosiveOrdnance Disposal (EOD) unit.Although it does not possess a marine

corps, Japan must be mentioned. In lightof terse confrontations with China overownership of remote islands, Japan is cre-ating an amphibious capability. TheWestern Army Infantry Regiment wasformed in 2002 to conduct reconnaissanceactivities around isolated islands, and itwill receive four AAV7s from the USA fortrials. The Japan Ground Self-DefenceForce (JGSDF) has also been upping thefrequency and complexity of exerciseswith the USMC. The Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force established the secretiveSpecial Boarding Unit in 2001, but it hasdivulged negligible organisational details.

Southeast AsiaThe Philippines’ chief threats emanatefrom the communist New People’s Army,armed organisations like the Moro IslamicLiberation Front and Islamic terroristgroups. The Philippine Navy operates theNaval Special Operations Group (NAV-SOG) of up to 700 personnel in SEALTeams, Special Boat Teams, Naval EOD

Teams, and Naval Diving and SalvageTeams. Ten Naval Special OperationsUnits are scattered nationwide and all per-sonnel have extensive combat experience.Considering the country has 7,107

islands, the Philippine Marine Corps(PMC) is an ideal formation to performcounterinsurgency, riverine missions,amphibious assaults, ground operationsand anti-piracy tasks. The PMC boastsapproximately 8,700 marines in twelvebattalions organised into three manoeu-vre brigades. Noteworthy is the factthat practically all marines have opera-tional experience as a result of the coun-try’s long-running counterinsurgencies.The corps’ Assault Armour Battalionincludes V-150 and LAV-300 armouredvehicles, plus a handful of geriatricLVTH-6s amphibious tracked howitzers.Indonesia is another archipelagic nation

where marine corps make good sense. TheIndonesian Marine Corps (Korps Marinir),under navy authority, is composed of twogroups (three battalions each) and oneindependent brigade totalling 20,000 per-sonnel. The formation’s newest mecha-nised assets are 17 BMP-3F amphibiousIFVs, with another 37 ordered last year.The navy also runs a special operations for-mation called Denjaka that counts antiter-

rorism among its missions.The Royal Cambodian Navy created a

2,000-man marine force in 2007, while theneighbouring Vietnam People’s Navymaintains a naval infantry force believed tobe two brigades strong. Furthermore,Thailand possesses a 20,000-strong RoyalThai Marine Corps (RTMC) that helpssecure the kingdom’s 1,738 nautical mile(3,219 kilometre) Andaman Sea and Gulf ofThailand coastline against pirates, smug-glers, insurgents and terrorists. The RTMCis also countering Islamic separatists wag-ing a violent campaign in Thailand’s threesouthernmost provinces. The RTMC’sstrength resides in two infantry regiments(totalling six battalions) and AmphibiousAssault Battalion with AAV7s. Recently,the RTMC received new BTR-3E1 8x8armoured vehicles. The navy boasts theUnderwater Demolition Assault Unit(UDAU), which has seen action along theCambodian border and in anti-piracy oper-ations at home and in the Indian Ocean.Neither Malaysia nor Singapore has a

l OCTOBER 2013 l 11

These are Philippine Navy Naval SpecialOperations Group operators. While not astechnically well-equipped as their United StatesNavy counterparts, they are all battle hardened© Gordon Arthur



marine corps, though they do haveamphibious capabilities. The MalaysianArmy’s elite 10th Parachute Brigadeincludes the 9th Royal Malay Regimentthat has an amphibious mandate addi-tional to its parachute role. The RoyalMalaysian Navy operates the PanglimaHitam special forces arm (formerlyPASKAL), which is ready to respond tomarine hijackings and to protect offshoreoil and gas platforms.The Republic of Singapore Navy oper-

ates the elite Naval Diving Unit (NDU).As a state perched astride and dependentupon busy sea lanes, Singapore needssuch a unit. The NDU’s bread-and-buttermissions include diving, search and res-cue, salvage, EOD, mine disposal, ship-boarding and special warfare. To performits missions, the NDU is divided into fourbranches: Dive School, Clearance DivingGroup, Underwater Demolition Groupand Special Warfare Group.

AustralasiaAustralia is investing heavily in an amphibi-ous capability. During Exercise TalismanSabre 2013, the author embarked aboard thenavy’s largest amphibious-warfare ship,HMAS Choules, to observe the 2ndBattalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2RAR) conduct a company-sized landing. Itwas an important workout as the army trialsits’ Amphibious Readiness Element. “Thisyear, in essence, we’re using Choules and 2RAR (2nd Royal Australian Regiment) as aninterim to get all the mechanisms, to learn allthe difficult lessons, to get the foundationbehind us, to test that this training sequenceleading up to certification is sufficient, andput it into practice next year,” explainedLieutenant Colonel Chris Smith, 2 RAR’s

commander. This battalion is the focus of afive-year trial until 2017.Australia’s amphibious-warfare capa-

bility will truly expand when a pair of27,500-tonne ‘Canberra’ class LHDs arecommissioned, the first next year. An LHDcan accommodate a battlegroup landingforce of 1,000, plus 110 vehicles and eighthelicopters. New Zealand possesses onlyarmy special forces (Special Air Serviceand Commando Regiments), but thesetrain for maritime operations and cancooperate closely with the navy. Like itstrans-Tasman neighbour, New Zealand iscreating a Joint Amphibious Task Forceable to respond to South Pacific crises.

South AsiaIndia is expanding its expeditionarycapability, with the Indian Army havingthree earmarked amphibious brigadestotalling almost 10,000 soldiers. These arebased in South and West India, and theAndaman and Nicobar Islands. TheIndian Navy (IN) acquired INS Jalashwafrom the USA in 2007, plus it is in themarket for four new LPDs. The IN’s spe-cial forces unit is called MARCOS

Australia’s amphibious-warfare capability

will truly expand whena pair of 27,500-tonne‘Canberra’ class LHDsare commissioned, the

first next year

An LCM-8 mechanised landing craft ferriesthe headquarters element of the AustralianArmy’s 2 Royal Australian Regiment ashorefrom HMAS Choules during Exercise TalismanSabre 2013 © Gordon Arthur


(Marine Commandos) and believed tocontain 2,000 personnel. They can conductspecial warfare and counterterrorism mis-sions – for example, they helped defeatthe Mumbai terrorist attack.

India’s neighbour re-established thePakistan Marines in 1990. It has over 2,000men but Pakistan wants to significantlyexpand it by 2015. A third battalion wascommissioned in March to improve pro-

tection of Gwadar Port and naval bases.Sri Lanka relied heavily on naval specialforces during its long-running civil war,notably using the Special Boat Squadron.Additionally, the Sri Lanka Navy isthought to have two-to-three battalions ofNaval Patrolmen, whose primary task isbase and port protection. Recently theirremit has expanded to include amphibi-ous and land combat missions.Multinational counter-piracy efforts in

the Gulf of Aden have seen warshipsdeployed by Australia, China, India,Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan,Philippines, Singapore, South Korea andThailand. Ships generally have specialforces contingents aboard when patrollingpirate-infested waters. In one successfulmission in 2011, ROK Navy SEALs recap-tured a hijacked chemical carrier.

Reminiscent of World War Two’s bloody island-hopping campaign, US marines storm ashorefrom an utility landing craft at dawn during aCARAT exercise in Malaysia © Gordon Arthur


M I L I T A R YRREEGGIIOONNAALL


The army’s K1A1 main battle tank, asshown here, is a capable platform, butit will be supplemented by the newerK2 in coming years © Gordon Arthur

OUT WITH THE OLD:SOUTH KOREANDEFENCEMODERNISATIONMOVESFORWARDTensions on the KoreanPeninsula spiked to theirhighest level in decadesthis year. North Koreaaccused “aggressive”military drills in theSouth of driving “tensionon the peninsula into anextreme phase, creatingsuch danger that anuclear war may breakout any moment.”

bbyy Gordon Arthur

l OCTOBER 2013 l 15


Aconfluence of factors con-tributed to DemocraticPeople’s Republic of Korea(DPRK) histrionics, remind-ing the world that the

Republic of Korea (ROK) must maintain adetermined military stance against thisunhinged regime. After all, Pyongyanghas never lacked bellicosity, and the newunblooded 30-year-old leader appearsintent on underscoring his credentials as aworthy commander. The DPRK launcheda three-stage ‘rocket’ on 12th December2012 and conducted a third nuclear-weapon test on 12th February 2013.United Nations condemnation drew anoutburst, with the pariah state repudiat-ing the 1953 Armistice Agreement(again!), refusing to answer theDemilitarised Zone (DMZ) hotline, threat-ening to turn Seoul and Washington D.C.

into a “sea of fire” and launch attacks onUS bases in Guam and Japan.

Kim Jong-un obviously thought it anopportune time to test the mettle of hisnemeses. The ROK inaugurated its firstfemale president on 25th February 2013,while the US military is suffering assequestration bites. The USA did not backdown, deploying nuclear-capable BoeingB-52H bombers and a nuclear attack sub-marine to the peninsula, and promising tostrengthen anti-missile defences in SouthKorea, Japan and Alaska. Deputy DefenseSecretary Ashton Carter sought toassuage South Korean fears, saying theUSA would continue to provide “theextended deterrence offered by the USnuclear umbrella.” A DPRK nuclear strikeis not the primary threat, but a small-scaleprovocation could quickly escalate asNorth Korea engages in its favourite pas-time of brinkmanship.

Such machinations as the torpedoing ofone of its corvettes in March 2010, and adeadly artillery barrage on Yeonpyeong

Island the following November, demon-strated to South Korea that it cannot relaxits guard, even momentarily. These eventsstunned the military establishment butalso hardened resolve, resulting inDefence Reformation Plan 307 beingreleased in March 2011. This plan restruc-tured the unified military command andsought more sophisticated weaponry (e.g.early-warning systems and missiledefences). New rules of engagement wereissued, with the replacement defence min-ister promising air strikes if necessary.

This year’s renewed tension cameagainst the backdrop of South Koreapreparing to take over full wartimeOperational Control (OPCON) of all mili-tary forces on the peninsula in December

2015 under the Strategic Alliance 2015roadmap. This transfer was to occur in 2012but the aforementioned incidents demon-strated the ROK military’s unpreparedness.The two allies implemented a Counter-Provocation Plan on 22nd March 2013, andwhile neither side revealed its content, USForces Korea (USFK) commented, “Thecompleted plan includes procedures forconsultation and action to allow for astrong and decisive combined ROK-USresponse to North Korean provocations.”

In 2005, South Korea embarked on acomprehensive modernisation pro-gramme entitled Defence Reform 2020. Itpromised $150 billion over a twelve-yearperiod but it was starting to lag because offunding shortages. However, the eventsof 2010 reinvigorated defence budgets,with 2013 expenditure peaking at $30.7billion. While North Korea remains thedominant threat, there are also territorialdisputes with Japan, and China’s risingmilitary posture looms in the ROK’speripheral vision.

Going ballisticSouth Korea needs a long-range strikecapability owing to North Korea’s


A ROK marine participates in a majorbilateral exercise with the USA earlier this yearat the height of tensions with North Korea© Gordon Arthur


The KAI T-50 GoldenEagle is proving

a success story. FiftyT-50 lead-in fighter

trainers are in serviceand 22 TA-50

light attack platformsare on order

expanding missile arsenal. The USA final-ly agreed last October that its ally coulddevelop a 431 nautical mile (800 kilome-tre) range ballistic missile. The ROKalready has an active missile developmentprogramme, the 431nm (500km) rangeHyunmoo-2B ballistic missile having beendeployed since 2009.

Cruise missile assets including the LIGNex1 ground-launched Hyunmoo-3A(431nm range) and Hyunmoo-3B(539nm/1,000km range). The 809nm(1,500km) range turbofan-poweredHyunmoo-3C land attack cruise missile(LACM) is believed to have been fieldedthis year, bringing all of North Korea andparts of China and Russia within range ofits 450 kilogramme (990lb) warhead.Similar in capability to the Tomahawk, it island-, air- or ship-launched. Also believedto have become operational this year is thesupersonic ship-launched Haesong-2cruise missile with a 431nm range.

South Korea has resisted US pressure to

join the regional Theatre Missile Defence(TMD) shield. Instead, since 2006 the coun-try has been developing the indigenousKorea Air and Missile Defence (KAMD)system due for completion in 2015. Keycomponents include Lockheed MartinAegis Combat Management System (CMS)equipped ‘KDX-III’ class destroyers, IsraelAerospace Industries-Elta Systems (IAI-Elta) EL/M-2080 Super Green Pine Block Bearly-warning radars and Raytheon MIM-104 Patriot Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs).The Air and Missile Defence Cell (AMD-Cell) control network integrating all theelements was due to begin operating inJuly 2013. Furthermore, the Ministry ofNational Defence (MND) is seekingRaytheon RIM-174 Standard ExtendedRange Active Missile SAMs for its KDX-IIIdestroyers by 2016. South Korea has 48older MIM-104D Patriot PAC-2 (PatriotAdvanced Capability-2) GEM/T fire unitspurchased from Germany, and in April theMND approved a plan to upgrade to MIM-104F PAC-3 to improve the system’s inter-ception rate.

Indigenous air defence missile systemsare coming on stream. Russia’s Almaz

Design Bureau helped Samsung Thalesdevelop the medium-range KM-SAM (alsocalled Cheongung) SAM with a 22nm(40km) range, and it began replacingRaytheon MIM-23 Hawk SAM batteriesthis year. In development is the Cheolmae4-H interceptor missile that will provide anupper-tier capability with its 81nm (150km)range. Separately, Rafael AdvancedDefense Systems has held advanced talksabout selling the Iron Dome SAM system,but nothing concrete has emerged.

The ROK Armed Forces possess some640,000 personnel, a figure dropping to517,000 by the end of this decade. Thecountry relies heavily on conscription, butthe standard two-year service perioddecreases to 18 months next year.

ArmyThe role of the ROK Army (RO’KA) haschanged little since the 1953 ceasefirebetween North and South Korea as itremains aligned to stop a massive DPRKground invasion. However, it is beingenhanced by sophisticated new equip-ment. The tank fleet relies on 1,500 K1 andK1A1 Main Battle Tanks (MBT), with

ROK Marine Corps AAVP7A1s come ashorenear Pohang during the ROK-US ExerciseSsangyong in April 2013 © Gordon Arthur



Hyundai Rotem awaiting production ofthe new 55-ton K2 MBT. South Koreawants 397 K2s but it is expensive thanksto wizardry such as an 120 milimetre (4.6-in) L/55 main gun with autoloader, mis-sile approach warning system, BattlefieldManagement System (BMS) and ActiveProtection System (APS). Its induction hasbeen delayed till March 2014 because oftroubles integrating the 1,500hp DoosanDST engine and S&T Dynamics automatictransmission. Officials concede the first100 vehicles will use imported MTU-890engines and RENK transmissions.

The ROKA is cutting at least 20 of its 47infantry divisions, but is beefing up theremainder with modern equipment.Doosan’s K21 infantry fighting vehiclewas fielded in 2009, with an initial 466examples ordered. In November 2012,

South Korea selected Hyundai Rotem aspreferred bidder to produce 600 wheeledarmoured personnel carriers to give itsinfantry mobility similar to that of USArmy Stryker brigades. The company willprepare six-wheel drive and eight-wheeldrive prototypes, based on its existingKW1/KW2, with production running

between 2016-20. The ROKA requires1,100+ K9 self-propelled howitzers to helpcounteract DPRK numerical superiority inartillery, with several hundred already inservice. A locally developed multiple-rocket launcher prototype with 43nm(80km) range is expected this year.

Army aviation is also being boosted.

The F-15K is the most potent Republic of KoreaAir Force combat aircraft. It has already beenacquired under the F-X Phase I and IIprogrammes © Gordon Arthur



Deliveries of the first of 245 KUH-1 Surionhelicopters from Korea AerospaceIndustries (KAI) commenced with the issueof ten to the Army Aviation School in May2013. Destined for both the army andmarines, this 8-tonne craft designed withEurocopter help will replace the Bell UH-1Hmedium-lift utility helicopter in a variety ofroles. Up to 270 light attack helicopters arerequired to replace MD Helicopters 500MDand Bell AH-1S Cobra craft, so a 5-tonneKorea Attack Helicopter (KAH) platform isto be developed from 2013-18 in conjunctionwith a foreign partner. This opened the wayfor the ROKA to buy heavier attack helicop-ters to achieve a high-low fleet. The MNDwill receive 36 Boeing AH-64E Block-IIIApache Longbow helicopters from 2016-18.South Korea also has active UnmannedAerial Vehicle (UAV) programmes.

LIG Nex1 is developing the Medium-Range Infantry Missile (MRIM), an anti-tank system due to enter service in 2015.In 2011 the country ordered Rafael SpikeNon Line-Of-Sight missiles to defend theYellow Sea islands, though they did notdeploy until March 2013.

Air ForceThe F-X Phase II programme signed in2008 gave the ROK Air Force (ROKAF) 21Boeing F-15K Slam Eagle fighters, addingto the 40 previously obtained. All weredelivered by April 2012. The focus is now

on Phase III, South Korea’s largest armsimport to date, which will replace geri-atric McDonnell Douglas F-4D/E and F-5A/Bs with 60 new fighters from 2016-21.The three contenders were the F-15 SilentEagle (F-15SE), Lockheed Martin F-35ALightning-II Joint Strike Fighter andEurofighter Typhoon, but a new round ofbidding opened on 2nd July 2013 becauseprices for all three were above SouthKorea’s threshold.

Simultaneously, South Korea is devel-oping a next-generation stealthy fighter toreplace its Lockheed Martin F-16C/D fleet.Indonesia is financing 20% of costs andwill receive 50 KF-X fighters while 200 willgo to South Korea. To date, a scale modelhas been exhibited, a 4.5-generationdesign more advanced than an F-16C butless so than an F-35. The technology devel-opment phase concluded in December

2012 but the engineering and manufactur-ing phase has been delayed 18 months asSouth Korea’s new political administra-tion contemplates the KF-X’s viability.

Last year, South Korea selected BAESystems as preferred bidder to upgrade134 F-16C/Ds. In April 2013 it opted forRaytheon’s RACR Active ElectronicallyScanned Array (AESA) radar to beinstalled. The first ten AESA sets are to bedelivered in 2016. Influenced byAmerican refusal to sell the LockheedMartin AGM-158 Joint Air-to-SurfaceStand-off Missile, in June the MND con-firmed it would acquire the Taurus KEPD350 for a longstanding requirement for anF-15K standoff missile.

The KAI T-50 Golden Eagle is provinga success story. Fifty T-50 lead-in fightertrainers are in service and 22 TA-50 lightattack platforms are on order. In 2012 theROKAF ordered 20 FA-50 light combatvariants fitted with IAI Elta EL/M-2032radar and Link 16 datalink terminals forpilot operational conversion, with a fur-ther unspecified batch ordered in May2013. Indonesia ordered 16 T-50s in 2011,and the Philippines is on the verge ofordering twelve FA-50s.

The first of four Boeing 737 “Peace Eye”airborne early warning and control(AEW&C) aircraft entered service in 2011,with KAI integrating the NorthropGrumman L-band Multirole ElectronicallyScanned Array (MESA) radars on the nextthree aircraft. The final two platforms were

The first upgraded Lockheed Martin P-3CKOrion was delivered in February 2010. This isan older P-3C-III+ of 61 Air Group seen nearPohang © Gordon Arthur


The KAI T-50 Golden Eagle’s first export marketis Indonesia. This T-50B belongs to the Republicof Korea Air Force Black Eagles aerobatic team© Gordon Arthur

inducted last year. In December 2011, theMND announced it was purchasing twoDassault Falcon 2000 aircraft fitted withElectronics Intelligence (ELINT) equipmentfor service entry in 2017. Four LockheedMartin C-130J Hercules freighters havebeen ordered for delivery in 2014, althougha decision to procure four aerial-refuellingaircraft has been deferred until next year.Contenders will likely be the Boeing KC-767 and Airbus Military A330 MRTT(Multi-Role Tanker Transport).

South Korea has been contemplatingacquiring Northrop Grumman RQ-4Global Hawk high-altitude long-endurance UAVs but it blanched last yearafter the offering price snowballed to $1.2billion. The government has delayed anydecision by at least a year, and has investi-gated alternatives like AeroVironment’sGlobal Observer and Boeing’s PhantomEye UAV. Sensing an opportunity, IAI andElbit are offering their Heron TP andHermes 1500 respectively.

NavyDeveloping a blue-water capability by2020 is a priority for the ROK Navy(ROKN), and contributing to this aspira-tion are three newly commissioned 8,500-ton KDX-III destroyers withLockheed Martin AN/SPY-1D(V) mar-itime surveillance radars and RaytheonRIM-66 Standard Missile-2 SAMs. Theseare some of the world’s most heavilyarmed warships. Additionally, there areplans to introduce six 5,600-ton ‘KDX-IIA’ class destroyers also fitted with theAegis CMS from 2019 onwards. Thesewill reinforce six serving 4,500-ton ‘KDX-II’ class destroyers.

Up to 24 ‘Incheon’ class frigates arereplacing older ‘Ulsan’ class and ‘Pohang’class vessels. The first 2,300-ton stealthfrigate was commissioned in January2013, and six from Batch I will be finishedby 2015. A power projection capabilitycomes in the shape of the 14,300-ton‘Dokdo’ class Landing PlatformHelicopter (LPH) vessel commissioned in2007. A second LPH is due for completionin 2018. Hanjin Heavy Industries is alsomanufacturing four 4,500-ton landingship tanks (LST).

The ‘Gumdoksuri’ class is a new patrolboat. Eighteen 500-tonne PKG-A examplesarmed with Haeseong anti-ship missilessuitable for defending the Northern LimitLine (NLL) are planned, and nine havebeen commissioned to date. The secondphase will provide 200-tonne PKG-Bpatrol boats although details remain scant.

The ROKN is pursuing an ambitioussubmarine programme. The first phaseinvolved nine license-produced ‘Type209/1200’ conventional boats. In the nextstep, the navy ordered three 1,860-ton‘Type 214’ vessels in 2000, plus six more fit-ted with Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP)systems in 2007. The first of the latter batchshould be completed by Daewoo

Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering(DSME) next year. Siemens PEM fuel cellsprovide a three-week underwaterendurance. Simultaneously, South Korea ispursuing a next-generation, AIP-equipped,3,000-ton ‘KSS-III’ submarine that willcarry Hyunmoo-3 cruise missiles.Development has been pushed back withthe first of up to nine deliveries not expect-ed until 2022 after DSME was awarded atwo-boat contract in December 2012. SouthKorea will establish a new SubmarineCommand in 2015, while a new naval basebeing constructed on Jeju Island will giveimmediate access to the East China Sea.

In January, AgustaWestland’s AW159Wildcat received its first export orderwhen the ROKN requested eight helicop-ters. Delivery of the first quartet will occurin 2015, with the second batch arriving thefollowing year. Eight Lockheed P-3COrion maritime patrol aircraft (to beupgraded by L3 and Korean Air) havebeen joined by eight ex-US craft modifiedto P-3CK configuration.

For all its advances, South Korea stillgains reassurance from the US presenceon its soil which has 28,500 personnellocated on the peninsula, and the twosides routinely conduct bilateral exercises.Via the Special Measures Agreement(SMA), South Korea pays $775 millionannually to partially cover US expenses instationing this force on the peninsula,although in current negotiations the USAis urging South Korea to shoulder half thefinancial burden.

A power projectioncapability comes in

the shape of the14,300-ton ‘Dokdo’

class LandingPlatform Helicopter

(LPH) vesselcommissioned in 2007

ROKS Wang Geon (DDH-978) is a destroyerdisplacing 4,500 tonnes. Six vessels in this ‘KDX-II’class have been commissioned © Gordon Arthur

l OCTOBER 2013 l 21


Through Joint Project 129,Australia’s Army acquired twoAAI Shadow 200 tactical UAVsystems for $84 million to oper-ate in Afghanistan. From up to

8,000 feet (2,438 metres), they can transmitimagery to ground stations 67 nauticalmiles (125 kilometres) away. The firstarrived in August 2011 and the second inApril 2012. The US Department ofDefense (DoD) awarded AAI's Australian

subsidiary Aerosonde a five-year opera-tion and maintenance contract inDecember 2012, under which Aerosondewill eventually provide six instructors.“This contract means we will now be ableto train our soldiers to use the Shadow200 right here in Australia”, said JasonClare, then Minister for Defence Materiel.With TUAV operations established,Australia is considering the acquisition ofthe Northrop Grumman/US Navy MQ-

4C Triton HALE (High Altitude- LongEndurance) UAV.

ChinaChina’s industry is eyeing export markets,according to a study published in June2013 by the US-China Economic andSecurity Review Commission. The combi-nation of domestic demand and growinginterest from Africa and Asia, could resultin China becoming “a key UAV prolifera-tor”. Policy analyst Kimberly Hsu paints apicture of an expanding, diversifying butshadowy industry and an in-service fleetaround 93% of which are tactical systems.

In-service TUAVs with ranges around81-108nm (150-200 km) are mostly fromthe Xi'an ASN Technology Group. Theseinclude the ASN 104/105 reconnaissancesystem thought to have entered service inthe late 1980s, the multi-role ASN 206

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLETT AA CC TT II CC AA LL


EYES IN THE SKIES:ASIA PACIFICTACTICAL UAV MARKET

The Asia-Pacific Tactical Unmanned AerialVehicle (UAV) market is one of the world’smost active, but with the evolution of nationalexpertise through international cooperationpreferred to large procurements of importedsystems. This makes it a challengingmarket for western industry.

bbyy Peter Donaldson

EYES IN THE SKIES:ASIA PACIFICTACTICAL UAV MARKET

thought to have become operational adecade later, the ASN 207 of the early2000s and the naval ASN 209 believed tobeen in service since 2011. IsraelAerospace Industries' (IAI) Harpy lethalanti-radar UAV is said to have been inChinese service since around 2000.

The People’s Liberation Army (PLA)uses UAVs for Intelligence, Surveillanceand Reconnaissance (ISR), communica-tions and lethal missions, Hsu’s reportstates, citing publicity from state-owned,university-based and privately-ownedfirms as indications of requirements forarmed UAVs and Unmanned Combat AirVehicles (UCAVs). The report reflectsworries that China’s long-range UAVsmight conduct persistent maritime ISRand find targets for sea-skimming missilesand the feared DF-21D anti-ship ballisticmissile, while tactical systems mightthreaten targets on and around Taiwan.

The extent to which the PLA usesUAVs today and its level of overall profi-ciency and integration are unclear, saysthe report, while new designs continue to

l OCTOBER 2013 l 23

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE TT AA CC TT II CC AA LL

An RQ-7 Shadow unmanned aerial vehicle launches from ForwardOperating Base Sharana, Afghanistan with US Army soldiersassigned to Bravo Company, Special Troops Battalion, 3rd BrigadeCombat Team, 1st Infantry Division, Task Force Duke conducting asurveillance and reconnaissance mission © US Army

US Army personnel prepare a Shadow 200unmanned aerial vehicle for a training flight atCamp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center. ThisUAV type has been used to extensively supportUS combat operations in Afghanistan © US Army

be unveiled with scant technical or pro-grammatic detail. While export prospectsare underpinned by domestic require-ments and restrictive US/Israeli exportpolicies, Chinese UAVs are unknownquantities in terms of combat experiencethe range, reliability and security of theirdata links, sensor performance and lossrates, concludes Hsu.

IndiaSpeaking to the Times of India in July2013, Teal Group's corporate analysisdirector Philip Finnegan predicted thatIndia’s forces would acquire 1,260 UAVswithin ten years, with around 170 in the

tactical category; 100 going to the armyand 70 to the air force. Mini UAVs will bethe most numerous, he said, quoting a fig-ure of 980, the remainder being 50Medium Altitude-Long Endurance(MALE) and 60 maritime machines.

India's largest aerospace manufacturer,state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd(HAL), is creating a division to addressdomestic and export opportunities incooperation with international industryand is reported to have sought expres-

sions of interest from several leadingUAV manufacturers. India has operatedUAVs for about 15 years, beginning withIAI Searchers and Herons, and is develop-ing its own tactical UAV and MALE sys-tems through the AeronauticalDevelopment Establishment.

In February 2011 first Nishant tacticalUAV system, including four vehicles,completed a series of 'confirmatory trials’with the army. But its operational status isunclear as reports of a 'final trial run'emerged earlier this year. Readingbetween the lines, Nishant seems to be inservice in small numbers.

Indian forces fighting Maoist ‘Naxalite’rebels across central and eastern India arereportedly experiencing severe difficultieswith ISR. The newspaper India Todayreported in May 2013 that the CentralReserve Police Force had requested up to16 Nishants that would reduce its relianceon other organisations such as the National


US Navy Lieutenant Jacob Baker, the logisticsplanning officer for Commander, U.S. NavalForces Japan, removes the wing of a Scan Eagleunmanned aerial vehicle during the firstaerospace industry exhibition at the TokyoInternational Exhibition Center in Odaiba,Japan, 2009 © US Navy

India’s largest andstate-owned HindustanAeronautics Ltd (HAL),is creating a division to

address domesticand export opportunities

in cooperation withinternational industry


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Superior maritime intelligence, clearly.The ScanEagle unmanned aircraft system provides persistent maritime intelligence, delivering high-quality

imagery day or night. ScanEagle operates autonomously at low or mid altitudes for extended periods,

dramatically enhancing situational awareness. The result is a multi-mission force multiplier for large and

small vessels alike, delivering the intelligence critical for decision-making superiority.

www.insitu.com/maritime-intelligence

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184mm Live

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Superior maritime intelligence, clearly.The ScanEagle unmanned aircraft system provides persistent maritime intelligence, delivering high-quality

imagery day or night. ScanEagle operates autonomously at low or mid altitudes for extended periods,

dramatically enhancing situational awareness. The result is a multi-mission force multiplier for large and

small vessels alike, delivering the intelligence critical for decision-making superiority.

www.insitu.com/maritime-intelligence

Technological Research Organisation (akey technical intelligence agency), thearmy and the air force. The report says thatDRDO offered to deploy “at least two” intotheatre immediately and to work withHAL to deliver all 16 with their supportequipment within 15 months of an order.

IndonesiaIn April 2013, Indonesia's Agency for theAssessment and Application ofTechnology (BPPT) announced plans towork with industry and the defence min-istry to develop and manufacture thesmall Wulung tactical UAV. Wulungboasts an operating range of 38nm(70km), endurance of up to four hoursand speeds up to 69 knots (128km/h).According to the agreement, BPPT willbe responsible for the air vehicle technol-ogy, Dirgantara will build it and PT LENwill implement the control system. If theprogramme succeeds, the air forceintends to form a Wulung squadron, said

BPPT head Marzan A Iskandar.In February 2012, the Antara news

agency reported that Indonesia's militarywould acquire a larger tactical UAV systemwith an operating range of 108nm (200km)and an endurance of 15 hours. Antara indi-cated that it would be an IAI Searcher Mk 2system with four aircraft and ground con-trol equipment. Ordered through KitalPhilippine Corporation in 2004, the dealwas delayed by political opposition.

JapanWhile Japan has put a high priority onUAVs in its policy recommendations andits 2013 budget, the focus is on HALE sys-tems in general and the NorthropGrumman RQ-4 Global Hawk in particu-lar. It requested funds for overseas studieson the operation, maintenance and devel-opment of HALE UAVs and for researchusing an E (Endurance) UAV with a high-performance infra-red sensor capable ofdetecting ballistic missile launches.

MalaysiaIn the process of defining its long-termrequirements for tactical UAVs, Malaysia isleasing systems while developing its owncapabilities cooperatively. The YabhonAludra system, for example, which is nowin operation under contract to the armedforces for ISR missions on the Sabah border,Malaysia's CTRM developed in conjunctionwith the UAE's Adcom Systems.

Now, however, Malaysia seems on thecusp of working with Pakistan followingan offer to manufacture tactical UAVsjointly, the New Straits Times reported inJanuary 2013. “Pakistan was convincingin terms of producing long-range UAVs,along with other strategic assets andequipment”, defence minister AhmadZahid Hamidi said. “With such offers,Malaysia need not depend solely on anycountry for such expertise.”

PakistanPakistan has established a growing UAV



industry and is pushing towards self-suf-ficiency via a mixture of its own researchand development efforts and internation-al cooperation. Pakistan's industry is amix of state-owned and private compa-nies, the former including East WestInfiniti, Global Industrial DefenceSolutions (GIDS), Integrated Dynamics,and Surveillance and Target UnmannedAircraft (SATUMA). Among the latter areAir Weapons Complex (AWC), NationalDevelopment Complex (NDC) andPakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC).

SATUMA builds the Flamingo tacticalUAV with a six-to-eight-hour endurance,a 216nm (400km) operating radius – limit-ed only by its line-of-sight datalinks – and30-kilogram (14 lb) payload capacity. Thecompany’s smaller Jasoos II (Bravo+) tac-tical UAV has served with the PakistanAir Force since 2004 as its workhorse inoperations and training. It offersendurance in excess of five hours and pay-loads weighing up to 20 kg (nine pounds).

SATUMA says that the vehicle remains inproduction. While Integrated Dynamicsprovides a range of surveillance UAV sys-tems, target drones and decoys and sys-tems for civilian use and the full panoplyof payloads and ground support equip-ment, the company emphasises its design,consultancy and turn-key project commis-sioning services.

PhilippinesWorking with local company OB Mapua,the Philippines Army is developing asmall tactical UAV, known as Assunta,under the Self-Reliance DevelopmentProgramme (SRDP). Officially launchingthe system in December 2012, PhilippineArmy chief Lt Gen Jaime de los Santosreportedly said that the system will beused to help identify 'rebel lairs' and 'ban-dit hideouts'. Powered by a 40cc two-stroke petrol engine, the 14kg (30 lb)Assunta offers an endurance of two hoursand a maximum speed of 80 knots(148km/h). The design emphasises sim-plicity of construction and low cost mate-rials such as wood, foam, glassfibre andaluminium tubing.

SingaporeThe Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) havebuilt significant operational experiencewith Israeli-built UAVs including IAI'sSearcher tactical systems, the largerHerons that are to replace them, andElbit's Hermes 450. The country is alsodeveloping its own UAV industrial capac-ity beginning with the Skyblade family ofmini-UAVs developed by governmentand military engineers and SingaporeTechnologies Aerospace.

The Skyblade III is in service with armyscout teams, providing an operationalradius of eight kilometres (four nauticalmiles) and an endurance of 60 minutes,feeding its pictures into the new high-bandwidth wide area communicationssystem. Designed for operation by twosoldiers, Skyblade III has a maximum takeoff weight of five kilograms (elevenpounds). Measuring 1.4 metres (4.5 feet)long and 2.6m (8.5ft) in wingspan, it fliesat up to 35 knots (65 km/h) and between300-1,500ft (91-457m) altitude. The largerSkyblade IV shows clear progression incapability, with its 54nm (100km) opera-tional range, six to 12 hours endurance,15,000ft (4, 572m) ceiling, 70kg (154lb)take-off weight and twelve kilogram(26.4lb) payload.

South KoreaLate October 2012 saw Korea AerospaceIndustries (KAI) announce that the gov-ernment had selected the company as a“priority negotiator” for a new genera-tion corps reconnaissance UAV system.Plans call for development to be completeby 2017, ready for deployment in theearly 2020s. Few technical details havebeen released, but KAI says that the newvehicle system will offer an operationalradius and endurance more than doublethat of the in-service RQ-101 Songgolmae(Peregrine Falcon) tactical UAV, alsobuilt by KAI, that entered service in 2004.This pusher propeller driven aircraft hasa maximum take-off weight of 300 kg(660lb), cruises at up to 81 knots(150km/h), has a service ceiling of14,763ft (4,500m), an operating radius of43nm (80km) and an endurance of sixhours, according to KAI figures.

KAI estimates the value of the domes-tic market for this system at more than$1.86 billion, with the mass productionstage alone worth around $326.65 million.The company says that it intends to usethe project as the basis for a 'diverse' rangeof UAV systems for export and that it isinvesting around $28 million of its ownmoney. The Chosun Ilbo newspaperquotes a military source saying that about$467 million has been allocated to theproject. A South Korean order for Elbit's

A US Marine Corps RQ-7B Shadowunmanned aerial vehicle of MarineUnmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron3 is launched, Camp Leatherneck,Helmand Province, Afghanistan,Oct. 20, 2011 © US Marine Corps

With most establishedUAV manufacturers

reluctant to upset thePRC by selling

advanced militarytechnology to

Taiwan, indigenousdevelopment seems its

best option


l OCTOBER 2013 l 27

electrically powered Skylark II wasannounced in December of 2012.

TaiwanWith most established UAV manufactur-ers reluctant to upset the PRC by sellingadvanced military technology to Taiwan,indigenous development seems its bestoption. Several types have been pro-

duced by the Chung Shan Institute ofScience & Technology (CSIST), includingthe Chung Shyang II tactical UAV, whichis reported to have been in service formore than two years with around 30 sys-tems in the inventory. CSIST has alsorevealed smaller systems such as thehand-launched Cardinal II and the rotarywing Magic Eye. The organisation has

also exhibited models of a number ofadvanced designs for UCAVs and MALEUAVs, but little detailed information hasbeen released.

ThailandThailand wants to develop its UAV indus-try into a regional leader. Air ChiefMarshal Prajin Juntong, head of the RoyalThai Air Force (RTAF), said on 14 Junethat the RTAF would 'press on' with thedevelopment of the Tiger Shark tacticalUAV (a Shadow 200 look-a-like) a jointeffort between the RTAF Academy andthe ATAF Research and DevelopmentCenter, according to the National NewsBureau of Thailand. Air Chief MarshalPrajin also wants to produce systems forexport, promoting Thailand as ASEAN’sUAV hub.

The RTAF is believed to the customerof a $20 million order announced inSeptember for the 220kg (484lb) AerostarTUAV system from Israel's AeronauticsDefense Systems. This follows reports thatthe RTAF had been evaluating a variety ofother small UAV systems including the220kg G-Star, a variant of Israeli companyInnocon's Mini-Falcon-2 developed withThailand's G-Force Composites.

VietnamVietnamese media reports the intention tobuy UAVs from Belarus following the16th May 2013 meeting between the coun-tries' prime ministers, Nguyen Tan Dungand Mikhail Myasnikovich. The systemin question is likely to be the Grif 1, a100kg (220lb) vehicle with a 30kg (66lb)payload, 108 knot (200km/h maximumspeed and eight-hour endurance firstflown by developer JSC 558 AircraftRepair Plant in February 2012.

Earlier in May 2013, scientists and engi-neers from the Vietnam Academy ofScience & Technology (VAST) successful-ly flew two of five UAV designs built aspart of a project begun during 2008. Thefive types are designated AV.UAV.MS1and AV.UAV.S1 to S4. The largest of theseis the S4, for which VAST quotes an oper-ational range of 54nm (100km), a ceiling of984ft (300m) and a maximum speed of 97knots (180km/h).



A South Korean marine corps gunnery sergeant and corporal operate an unmanned aerialvehicle performing air surveillance and reconnaissance during routine operations at the forwardoperation base of the South Korea Provincial Reconstruction Team for Parwan province,Afghanistan, Jan. 27, 2012 © US Navy

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THE ROTARY CLUB:NAVAL HELICOPTERS EYESOVER THE PACIFICAND INDIAN OCEANSThe conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan over the last decade havebeen largely land operations while naval operations, and capabilities,especially helicopters were largely relegated to a supporting role,alongside their anti-terrorism missions in the Indian Ocean.

bbyy David Oliver

l OCTOBER 2013 l 31


Traditionally, the shipboard heli-copter’s main roles were firstlyAnti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)and secondly, Anti-SurfaceWarfare. (ASuW), but as these

threats have diminished, the latest genera-tions of naval helicopters have by necessi-ty became multi-role. With territorial protection, anti-terror-

ism and piracy being added to their tradi-tional roles in the Asia Pacific region, thereis a surge in naval helicopter procurementwith European and American manufactur-ers competing head-on. The prime exampleof the new generation of multi-role navalrotary-wing asset, is the Sikorsky MH-60SSeahawk which combines the capabilities

of the Black Hawk and Seahawk respectiveland and maritime helicopters in a packagedesigned to support the US Navy’s person-nel transport, Vertical Replenishment(VERTREP), long-range Search And Rescue(SAR), combat SAR and special forces’operations requirements. The Royal ThaiNavy, which has operated six S-70B-7Seahawks for coastal patrol and SAR dutiessince the late 1990s, has become one of thefirst export customers for the MH-60S.Singapore has ordered two S-70B Seahawksarmed with Lockheed Martin AGM-114Hellfire air-to-surface missiles and door-mounted machine guns for the ASuW rolein addition to the six already in serviceequipped for the ASW role.

AustraliaThe Taiwanese Navy operates the S-70C(M)-1 Thunderhawk ASW and SARhelicopters while the Japanese MaritimeSelf Defence Force is still taking deliveryof Mitsubishi-built SH-60K naval com-bat rotorcraft. Australia is the firstexport customer for latest variant of thededicated ASW Seahawk, the MH-60R,24 of which are being delivered to replacethe Royal Australian Navy’s (RAN) fleetof S-70B-2 helicopters. Australia is alsothe first customer for the naval version ofthe European NH Industries NH-90 multi-role helicopter with six of the navalisedversion of the MRH-90 being deliveredto replace the RAN’s AgustaWestland

The AgustaWestland AW109 lightutility helicopter has been procuredfor the New Zealand and Philippinenavies © AgustaWestland

Sea King utility helicopters.

New ZealandAlthough New Zealand is also assigning anumber of its eight NH-90s on order fornaval duties, the type has been slow topenetrate the Asia-Pacific market.However, New Zealand has also acquiredten Kaman SH-2G(I) Super Seasprite ship-board ASW helicopters for a bargainprice. The aircraft were originally deliv-ered to the RAN but after five years ofsoftware integration and flight safetyproblems, the programme which costalmost US$1 billion, was cancelled and

the aircraft returned to Kaman. NewZealand paid a reported US$204 millionfor eight flyable aircraft and two sparescomplete with a training and maintenancepackage, for delivery in 2014.Yet another new type being delivered

to the Royal New Zealand Air Force thathas a limited maritime role, is theAgustaWestland AW109 Light UtilityHelicopter (LUH). A basic variant, theAW109 Power, has been ordered by thePhilippine Navy for a wide range of navalmissions including economic zone protec-tion, surface surveillance, SAR and mar-itime security. Three helicopters will be

delivered in 2014 and will operate fromboth shore and ship bases.

South KoreaOne of the few indigenous naval helicop-ters entering the Asia Pacific market is pro-duced by Korea Aerospace Industries(KAI) which is developing a marinisedvariant of its KUH-1 Surion transport heli-copter for the South Korean marines. TheSouth Korean Defense AcquisitionProgram Administration has selected KAIas a primary negotiator for the US$713 mil-lion development of the amphibious taskhelicopter that will enhance the marines'

ability to transport troops and equipmentin the littoral environment. It expects tocommence development of the variant thisyear, and complete it by the end of 2015when production will commence.Key modifications of this nine-to-16 seat

twin-engine light utility helicopter, whichis already in production for the South


One of the most successful navalhelicopters in current service arethe numerous variants the SikorskySeahawk such as this Royal ThaiNavy MH-60S © Sikorsky


Korean Aerospace Industriesis developing a naval assaultvariant of its KUH-1 Surionutility helicopter © KAI

One of the fewindigenous naval

helicopters enteringthe Asia Pacific market

is produced by KAwhich is developing a

marinised variant ofits KUH-1 Surion

transport helicopter

power up

For more information, visit aerospace.honeywell.com/power_up© 2013 Honeywell International Inc. All Rights Reserved.

CTS800 is developed by LHTEC, a 50:50 partnership between Honeywell and Rolls-Royce.

Every Honeywell helicopter engine is designed to ensure mission success through efficient and effective performance on a wide range of platforms. Our proven T55 and CTS800 engines have much in common: their operational efficiency, high performance and ease of maintenance. It’s why our customers continue to choose our engines for future helicopter development programs, just as they have been doing for more than 50 years. It’s also what makes the CTS800 the right choice for LAH in Korea and the UH-1 successor in Japan.

power up

For more information, visit aerospace.honeywell.com/power_up© 2013 Honeywell International Inc. All Rights Reserved.

CTS800 is developed by LHTEC, a 50:50 partnership between Honeywell and Rolls-Royce.

Every Honeywell helicopter engine is designed to ensure mission success through efficient and effective performance on a wide range of platforms. Our proven T55 and CTS800 engines have much in common: their operational efficiency, high performance and ease of maintenance. It’s why our customers continue to choose our engines for future helicopter development programs, just as they have been doing for more than 50 years. It’s also what makes the CTS800 the right choice for LAH in Korea and the UH-1 successor in Japan.

Korean Army and Police Force will includean integrated flotation system, an auxiliaryfuel tank and specialised radio equipment.The aircraft is likely to be operated fromthe South Korean Navy's ‘Dokdo’ classassault ships, which can carry up to 15 hel-icopters, two of the ships have been deliv-ered out of a planned fleet of four.In a surprise move, the South Korean

Navy selected the AgustaWestlandAW159 Wildcat to replace its fleet ofAgustaWestland Lynx Mk 99 shipboardASW helicopters in preference to theSikorsky MH-60R, while Bell’s possibleForeign Military Sale of 36 AH-1Z Vipernaval attack helicopters to Korea lost outto the Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow.Pakistan is also seeking to replace itscurrent AH-1F/S Cobras when the AH-1Z becomes available for export, proba-bly in 2015.

V-22 OspreyBell, this time partnering Boeing, is active-ly marketing the V-22 Osprey tiltrotor fortroop and cargo transport, long-range SARand special forces operations with SouthKorea and Japan as prime export targets.Another manufacturer focusing on thegrowing fleets of assault ships in the Asia-Pacific region is the Kamov brand ofRussian Helicopters. The Ka-27PS search-and-rescue model and the Ka-31 radar sur-veillance helicopter are already in servicewith dominant navies in the region,notably India and China. The Ka-31 isdesigned to defend groups of naval ves-sels operating outside the range of shore-based radar and Airborne Early Warning(AEW) planes from air attacks. It is capa-ble of detecting air targets, including low-altitude targets over land or sea, and sur-face targets and automatically transferringthe data to ground- or ship-based com-mand centres or air-defence systems.Russian Helicopters has launched a new

programme to develop a navalised versionof the Ka-52 Alligator for the Russian Navy,designed to be deployed aboard its ‘Mistral’class amphibious assault ships. The Ka-52K

is planned to have a tough anti-corrosioncoating, folding blades and wings, as well asa number of avionics and weapons systemsspecially adapted for naval use. The mar-itime version of the Alligator, the Ka-52Kwill be of interest to countries that areactively developing their naval capabilities. In addition to the Ka-28 and Ka-31,

China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy(PLAN) has fewer than 50 modern helicop-ters comprising the Hafei Z-9C ASW andSAR helicopter, a licence-built EurocopterAS-365N Dauphin 2, and various versionsof the CHAIG Z-8. Based on theAerospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon, the Z-8 isused for tactical transport and SAR, whilean AEW version is under development tooperate from the PLAN’s aircraft carriers.

Indian AspirationsBy far the largest market for naval heli-copters in the region is from the Indian

Navy which has requirements for morethan 200 new helicopters in the nextdecade. The service has already issued aRequest for Proposals (RfP) for 56 lightutility helicopters to replace its aging fleetof Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) Chetaks.AgustaWestland, Bell Helicopter,Eurocopter and Russian Helicopters haveresponded to the RfP, which specified anaircraft with a maximum weight of4,500kg (9,920lb) and folding blades forshipboard operations, with field trials tobe carried out in India.The RfP foresees the helicopter under-

taking a number of roles, including SAR,casualty evacuation, logistics support,observation and surveillance, and elec-tronic intelligence. It will also be requiredto carry light torpedoes and depth chargesfor prosecuting undersea targets, as wellas unguided rockets and door-mountedmachine guns. The RfP, in addition, calls


The Russian Kamov Ka-31 radar picket AirborneEarly Warning helicopter is in service with theChinese and Indian navies © Russian Helicopters


for a major training and support package.Leading contenders for the require-

ment are thought to be the Eurocopter AS-565MB Naval Panther, a military variantof the popular Dauphin which is used byseveral nations in naval and coast guardoperations. Other contenders include theAgustaWestland AW139, the Bell UH-1Yand Kamov Ka-32S.Despite the Indian government’s

announced preference for indigenous hel-icopters, HAL has ruled out its Dhruvadvanced light helicopter from the com-petition due to the challenges and expenseinvolved in modifying it for shipborne

operations. Bids were due to be submittedby January this year.The NH-90 and Sikorsky S-70B

Seahawk are competing for the IndianNavy’s 16-aircraft multi-role helicopter(MRH) requirement to carry out ASW andsurveillance roles to augment the ageingfleet of AgustaWestland Sea King Mk.42helicopters. The Navy completed trials ofthe participating helicopters in 2011 andhas subsequently submitted its report onthe trials to the Indian Defence Ministry.A speedy decision was expected but for asecond time in a year, the results of theMRH competition have been delayedwith the Defence Ministry directing thevendors to extend the validity of theirproposals for another six months. Withoutelaborating on the details of this decision,the ministry has asked Sikorsky and NHIndustries to extend the validity of theirproposals for the tender worth over US$1billion for the 16 helicopters.In June 2011, New Delhi issued a

Request for Information (RfI) for the circa120 aircraft, Naval Multi-Role Helicopter(N-MRH) requirement. This called for alarge shipboard helicopter in the 9-12.5tonne class to replace its ageing fleet of 30Sea King ASW, ASuW and assault trans-port helicopters.The Sikorsky/Lockheed-Martin MH-

60R Seahawk, based on the same airframeas the S-70B, is expected to be a contender

l OCTOBER 2013 l 35


Bell Boeing is actively marketingits V-22 multi-role tiltrotoraircraft to several Asia Pacificcountries © David Oliver

Kamov is developing a new naval combat variantof its Ka-52 attack helicopter for operations onassault carriers © Russian Helicopters


as well as navalised versions of theEurocopter EC-725 and the Sikorsky H-92Superhawk.At the same time the Indian Navy is in

the process of evaluating interim upgradepackages to keep the Sea Kings opera-tional until the end of the decade.If these high value contracts follow the

same protracted pathway of the IndianArmy and Air Force’s long-stalled replace-

ment for their Cheetah and Chetak fleetswith 197 new light reconnaissance and sur-veillance helicopters, and the allegedbribery scandal surrounding the Indian AirForce’s AgustaWestland AW101 contract,the Navy’s Sea Kings and Chetaks have along future of service in front of them. In addition to the Indian Navy require-

ments, the Indian Coastguard has a needfor 14 Twin-Engined Heavy Helicopters

(TEHH) that will be optimised for SAR,anti-terrorist and counter-piracy combatoperations. These aircraft will be based onland but capable of operating from coastguard vessels. The Coast Guard issued anRfP in November 2012 for its TEHHrequirement and bids were due in March2013, but no date has yet been given for theannouncement of the results of the bids.

Coast Guard NeedsFew countries in Asia-Pacific region havededicated coast guard aviation units, butone that does is Japan which has recentlyannounced an order for eleven Sikorsky S-76D aircraft with delivery to commence in2015. They will join the Japanese CoastGuard’s fleet of AgustaWestland AW-139and Eurocopter EC-225 SAR helicopters.China’s equivalent to a coast guard is theChina Rescue and Salvage service whoseprimary responsibilities include respond-ing to marine accidents in Chinese waters,including life-saving, salvage of vesselsand property, wreck removal, fire-fight-ing and spill clean-up. It also undertakessuch important missions as the safeguard-ing of marine transport and exploitationof marine resources. To this end, it hasordered a small number of the recentlycertified Sikorsky S-76D.The Malaysian Maritime Enforcement

Agency (MMEA) was only established in2005 and serves much the same role as acoast guard. It has signed a contract forthree AgustaWestland AW-139 mediumtwin engine helicopters plus options for sev-eral additional aircraft to perform searchand rescue, coastal patrol and law enforce-ment duties around Malaysia's extensivecoast line alongside three Eurocopter AS-365N3 Dauphins already in service.Every country in the Asia-Pacific

region, with the exception of Afghanistan,has extensive coastal waters to protectwith thousands of islands in its seas, thehelicopter will be an ever more importantelement of sea power stretching from theArabian Sea to the Pacific Ocean.

China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy useseveral variants of the three-engined CHAIGZ-8 including an assault transport version© Chinese Internet


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TALK TO THE HAND!Handheld radios are experiencing a period of modernisation.Improvements in terms of bandwidth are heralding increases in datatraffic rates. New products are available and the US Army ispreparing to embark upon the latest phase of its Handheld,Manpack, Small Form Factor radio acquisition.

bbyy Thomas Withington

DISMOUNTED COMMSSS OO LL DD II EE RR

Harris is supplying the AN/PRC-152A triband handheld radio tothe United States armed forces.This radio can use the proprietaryANW-2 waveform, along withSINCGARS and the new SoldierRadio Waveform © US Army

l OCTOBER 2013 l 45


That war teaches lessons is along-held maxim of militarytheory. The ongoing war inAfghanistan, plus the recent con-flict in Iraq, has provided a myr-

iad of lessons learned for the communica-tions engineer vis-à-vis the design of hand-held tactical radios. Speaking at theDefence Security and EquipmentInternational (DSEi) exhibition held inLondon this September, Charles Spyra,director of international sales at military

communications specialists Harris, notedthat more capabilities are being rolled outonto handheld tactical radios. This is takingthe form of the functionality found inradios used by the special forces communi-ty increasingly migrating to individual sol-diers: “Frequency ranges are expanding,along with data rates with a need to hostmultiple users on the same channel,”observes Mr. Spyra: “Wideband communi-cations and more multiband radios are twoother trends.” This article will profile recentinnovations in the handheld radio world,both in terms of hardware and waveforms.

DatronDatron World Communications tookadvantage of the DSEi exhibition tolaunch its new Spectre HH-2100V VHFhandheld radio. Covering the 30-88 VeryHigh Frequency (VHF) range, the SpectreHH-2100V is equipped with 100 pro-grammable channels and has a poweroutput of up to five watts. The radio canperform Global Positioning System (GPS)location reporting and includes digitalencryption waveforms and full- or partialfrequency-hopping to enhance security.The radio can link back to the company’s

PRC2100V transceiver which can act as amanpack or vehicular base station, or as aretransmit point.

EIDOne tactical radio manufacturer which hasa strong presence in the Asia-Pacific regionis Portugal’s EID. This year, it launched theTWH-101 squad radio. This 2.4 gigahertzradio uses WiFi and has a data rate if 120kilobits-per-second (kbps) and a range ofunder one kilometre (0.6 miles), utilisingEID’s TDMA proprietary waveform. TheTWH-101 ensemble includes the TWH-101R transceiver, TWH-101G gatewayallowing the radio to link into a vehicleintercom, or a vehicular transceiver, plus avehicle-mounted battery charger. Sales ofthe TWH-101 have already been concludedto some customers which the company hasdeclined to name. The reason for the uti-lization of WiFi, rather than VHF or UHFto link these radios was; “to reduce size,enable short range communications, and to provide a cost-effective method of moving data as well as voice communica-tions,” according to Eduardo Prata, EID’sadministrator. By the end of the year, thecompany hopes to unveil a more powerful

EID of Portugal has developed the TWH-101 intra-squad radio which uses WiFi communications.The radio has a range of around one kilometre (0.6 miles), and will soon be followed by the morepowerful TWH-104 © Thomas Withington

version of the TWH-101, known as theTWH-104 which will have an inbuiltGlobal Positioning System (GPS), amongother features.

Elbit SystemsIsraeli tactical communications specialistsElbit Systems took advantage of lastyear’s Eurosatory defence exhibition inParis to showcase a number of its dis-mounted radios, including the VHF/UltraHigh Frequency (UHF) PNR-1000A whichhas three selectable power outputs of 0.5,one and two watts, and data transfer ratesof up to 320kbps, although this couldincrease to one megabit-per-second(mbps) in the future. Elbit’s SDR-7200HH,tri-band High Frequency/VHF/UHFradio uses both narrowband (30-512Mhz)and wideband (225-512Mhz) waveformshandling 115kbps and one megabit-per-second of data. For position reporting, anembedded GPS is also included.

HarrisHarris has recently made some importantenhancements to its dismounted product

line including its new STNW-2 (SoldierTime division multiple access NetworkingWaveform-2). This UHF to to L-band (0.3-2 Gigahertz/Ghz) waveform provides arange of two-to-three kilometres (1.2-1.8miles), with the STNW-2 hosting up to 60radios on an individual net, and databeing handle at a rate of two-to-threemegabits-per-second, depending on theradio’s power output.

The STNW-2 can be ported into thecompany’s UHF/L-band RF-7850S SecurePersonal Radio. This is a new transceiverwhich Harris recently launched on themarket. It has a power output of 3.2 watts,and hosts both wideband (1.2 megahertz

and five megahertz) and narrowband (25kilohertz) channels. The radio can performsimultaneous voice, GPS location reportingand data communications at a rate of onemegabit-per-second. In terms of encryp-tion, the radio includes both 256-bit Citadeland AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)algorithms. Harris is confident of soonreceiving orders for this new product.

The RF-7850S is part of a new family ofradios unveiled by Harris which alsoincludes the RF-7800M-HH multibandhandheld networking radio. This covers theVHF/UHF ranges with ten watts of poweroutput, enabling ground-to-air and inter-squad communications. The RF-7800M-HHis interoperable with a wide range ofHarris’s other tactical radio products. Itsupports data communications at a rate ofup to 1.6 mbps making it; “the fastest multi-band handheld radio available,” accordingto the company. In terms of waveforms, theRF-7800M-HH supports Harris’s propri-etary TNW (TDMA NetworkingWaveform) which supports narrowbandcommunications and position reporting ata range of up to five kilometres (threemiles), along with the ANW2 (AdaptiveNetworking Wideband Waveform) forhigh bandwidth data traffic. Although out-side the scope of this article, the RF-7800S/M-HH family also includes the RF-7850A airborne mission radio.

As well as providing tactical radios tocustomers throughout the Asia-Pacificregion, Harris continues to furnish theUnited States armed forces with handheldradios, in particular, the firm’s AN/PRC-152A tri-band transceiver which handlethe ANW-2, as well as the HAVEQUICK-II and Single Channels Ground andAirborne Radios System (SINCGARS)ground-to-air/air-to-ground waveforms.Although the AN/PRC-152A is a legacysystem it is compatible with the radioswhich are being procured as a result of thenow-defunct JTRS programme (see


Harris’ RF-7850S Secure Personal Radio hasboth narrowband and wideband channels andcan handle data at a rate of one megabit-per-second. An embedded GPS receiver is alsoincluded, and the company is confident of soonreceiving orders © Thomas Withington

As well as providingtactical radios to

customers throughoutthe Asia-Pacific region,

Harris continues tofurnish the United

States armed forceswith handheld radios


below), as the radio has been certified tooperate the 1.01.1 Soldier Radio Waveform(SRW). Interestingly, the AN/PRC-152Asupports the APCO P25 protocol whichenables the radio’s users to link with civil-ian communications networks.

HMSThe United States’ Department of Defense(DoD) Handheld, Manpack, Small FormFit (HMS) was one of the key componentsof the erstwhile Joint Tactical Radio System(JTRS) programme which has now beenplaced under the auspices of the UnitedStates Army. Orders of 19,327 AN/PRC-154 Rifleman Radios have already beenplaced with Thales and General Dynamics,although the army is re-opening theRifleman Radio competition prior toembarking on full-rate production. TheAN/PRC-154 covers the 225-450Mhz UHFband and L-band communications.Providing five watts of output power, theradio has a range of circa two kilometres(one mile). It possesses 50 preset channelshosting up to three talk groups per preset,and has Type-2 communication and trans-mission security. Key to the AN/PRC-154is the SRW which provides voice and datamobile ad hoc networking, providingsecure relatively wideband networking ina small form factor transceiver. Moreover,the AN/PRC-154 can connect to theWarfighter Information Network-Tactical(WIN-T) which provides secure digitalcommunications to mobile forces with thehandling of voice, data and imagery traffic.WIN-T is being rolled out across a series ofIncrements progressively allowing at-the-halt and on-the-move communications.

On 16th August 2013, the US Armyreleased a draft request for proposalsregarding the next round of the RiflemanRadio acquisition, which aims to procurea new transceiver with a reduced size,weight and acquisition price, preferablybelow the US$5,600 Rifleman Radio unitcost which the DoD has budgeted for in2014. The army plans to make a contractaward to this end by late 2014, and overthe longer term, plans to launch a pro-gramme to acquire next generation hand-held radios by 2018. Whichever companyis selected to provide the new Rifleman

Radio could be expected to produce up to120,000 new radios to be delivered overthe next five years.

ITT ExelisMuch like Harris’s AN/PRC-152A hand-held, ITT Exelis’ Soldier Radio-RiflemanUHF/L-band radio also carries the SRW.The radio itself has two watts of outputpower and has a 1.2Mhz bandwidthwhen using the SRW, all in a radio whichweighs under one kilogram (2.2lbs). It isworth mentioning the company’s hand-held RO Tactical Radio. This system usessatellite communications to carry its traf-fic between handsets so as to avoid traffic

being disrupted by high rise buildings,elevated terrain or thick forest canopy.The ‘secret sauce’ in the RO TacticalRadio is its ability to utilise the DoD’sDefence Information Systems Agency(DISA) Enhanced Mobile SatelliteService’s Distributed TacticalCommunications Systems which in turnuses the Iridium constellation. Withoutrequiring any additional ground infra-structure beyond the radio itself, the usercan reach other RO sets at ranges of up to402km (250 miles) provided that theyhave a clear view of the sky. Each indi-vidual radio can host up to ten communi-cations networks and uses simple push-

l OCTOBER 2013 l 47

The RF-7850M-HH multiband handheldnetworking radio from Harris has a data rateof 1.6 megabits-per-second. It also supportsa number of Harris’ waveforms including theTNW and ANW-2 © Thomas Withington


to-talk procedures for the establishmentof a channel, which can take less than twoseconds. Each RO radio has an inbuiltGPS antenna and AES-256 level encryp-tion. The RO Tactical Radio is an interest-ing product chiefly as it places HF-rangecommunications in the hands of the indi-vidual soldier. Traditionally, handheldradios have tended to occupy theVHF/UHF segments of the spectrum.This made them ideal for line-of-sightcommunications, but vulnerable to inter-ference from obstacles. Using satellitecommunications bypasses such problems.Around 8.000 of these radios have beensupplied to the US armed forces since2010 and they have been used extensivelyin Afghanistan. ITT Exelis may yet furtherextend the range of these radios to 900km(485 miles), and develop gateways toenable them to link to other radios carry-ing the SINCGARS and SRW waveforms.

Rafael and ReutechAway from the United States, RafaelAdvanced Defence Systems of Israel hasunveiled its new BNET family of radioswhich it will commence supplying to theIsraeli Army from 2014. The BNET familyincludes the BNET-HH handheld whichhas an all-up weight of 1.2kg (2.6lb) includ-ing its battery. The radio covers the

VHF/UHF ranges with an optional exten-sion into L-band and S-band (2-4Ghz). TheBNET-HH has a peak output power of fivewatts and offers two megabits-per-secondof data traffic across a 1.25Mhz channelusing the BNET-TX waveform, and up to100mbps using the BNET-RX waveform. Inaddition, the BNET-HH can handle severalNATO waveforms. Other new handheldradios have been unveiled by SouthAfrica’s Reutech Communications in theform of the UHF PCR4001-E Personal RoleRadio which has a range of around onekilometre and sufficient battery life for upto 18 hours’ operation. Data can be handledby the PCR4001-E at a rate of up to 64kbps.This radio is expected to equip the SouthAfrican Defence Force, along with a num-ber of undisclosed international customers.

ThalesFrench defence electronics specialistThales is forging ahead with its new TRC-9110 VHF handheld radio which is enter-ing production. The TRC-9110 forms partof the firm’s PR4G family, and covers theVHF segment of the radio spectrum.Essentially the TRC-9110 provides similarcapabilities and waveforms to thosefound in the vehicular and manpackmembers of the PR4G series. These VHFradios typically carry data at a rate of upto 38.4kbps, and include an internal GPS.The TRC-9110 will include the newGeoMux waveform which can accommo-date voice, data and position reportingtraffic, with data being handled at a rate of100kbps. GeoMux joins the Mux (voiceand data) and SuperMux (21.6kbps)waveforms which are already used by thePR4G family. It is expected to beginequipping PR4G radios from 2014.

Innovation is fast-moving in the hand-held tactical radio world. As this article hasillustrated, the need to push data downand up, to and from the individual soldieris triggering corresponding developmentsin bandwidth and waveforms. AlthoughNATO will begin to withdraw fromAfghanistan next year, US efforts regard-ing the Rifleman Radio underscore the factthat the evolution of the handheld trans-ceiver will almost certainly continue to beas fast-moving as it has been to date.


ITT Exelis’s SpearNet radio has eight presetchannels and has a two kilometre (1.24 mile) line-of-sight range, although it has demonstrated arange of six kilometres using four hops. The radiohas a light weight of under 700 grams (1.5lbs)with its battery © ITT Exelis

Reutech has recently unveiled its PCR-4001-Ehandheld radio. Offering a data rate of up to64kbps and 18 hours of operation with a singlebattery charge, this radio will soon enter servicewith the South African Defence Force © Reutech


R E L A T I O N SDDEEFFEENNCCEE


In general, defencecooperation in theSouth-East Asia region canbe broken down into twodistinct types, the first beingmilitary cooperation and theother being defence industrycooperation. Both of whichare slowly, but noticeably,on the increase.

bbyy Dzirhan Mahadzir

CLOSER ANDCLOSER:SOUTH EAST

ASIANDEFENCE

COOPERATION

Military cooperation in theregion has been on therise, not only betweennations in South-EastAsia but also between

South-East Asian nations and extra-regional countries, particularly the UnitedStates and Australia though in recenttimes China has made efforts to increaseits military cooperation and engagementin the region. Defence industry coopera-tion between South-East Asian nations, onthe other hand, has been limited thoughSouth-East Asian nations have beenincreasing industry collaboration andpartnerships with countries outside theregion in developing their defence indus-try and in-country production of militaryequipment for their use.

As a whole multi-lateral military coop-eration involving and between ASEAN(Association of South East Asian Nation)countries alone has been fairly limited,with the Malacca Straits Patrols initiativebeing the only operational cooperation.Nevertheless, numerous dialogue andmeetings session have occurred under theASEAN ambit such as the ASEANDefence Ministers Meeting (ADMM), anda number of ASEAN military meetings atvarious levels, including one each forASEAN Chiefs of Defence Forces, ArmyChiefs, Navy Chiefs and Air Force Chiefsare carried out on an annual basis.

ADMMIt is notable that no field exercises havebeen held under the ADMM banner butinstead have been held under the ADMM-Plus, an offshoot of the ADMM whichincludes other countries outside ASEAN.The ADMM-Plus consists of 18 countries,namely the ten ASEAN countries as wellas Australia, China, Japan, India, Republicof Korea, New Zealand, Russia and theUnited States. The ADMM–Plus’s pur-


CLOSER ANDCLOSER:SOUTH EAST

ASIANDEFENCE

COOPERATION

An RAF Eurofighter Typhoon F/GR.4combat aircraft during the Five PowerDefence Arrangement Bersama Limaexercise in 2011 © BAE Systems

51 l OCTOBER 2013 l

pose is to facilitate strategic dialoguebetween defence officials as well as practi-cal cooperation between militaries withthe goal of confidence building and pro-moting stable military-to-military rela-tions in the region. At the inauguralADMM-Plus meeting held in Hanoi,Vietnam, on 12th October 2010, it wasagreed on that there would be five areasof practical cooperation to pursue underADMM-Plus, namely maritime security,counter-terrorism, disaster management,peacekeeping operations and militarymedicine with Expert Working Groups(EWGs) established for them.

There are several reasons for the lack ofan ASEAN countries-only multilateralmilitary exercise, first off ASEAN hasalways stressed that it is a political andeconomic grouping rather than a militaryor security alliance with no intention ofbecoming a NATO style organisation.Secondly the cost and complexity of host-ing or participating in a multilateral exer-cise has meant that any involvement tothis end would have to bring about sub-stantial benefits or return in participationgiven the wide disparity in capabilitiesand sizes of ASEAN’s military forces.

Where some ASEAN countries are on thelower end of the military curve, the bene-fits to members on the higher end wouldbe of little return for the cost of participa-tion. As a result, most ASEAN countriesmainly conduct bilateral exercises withneighboring ASEAN members or withextra-regional countries while multilateralexercises are conducted with the involve-ment of non-ASEAN countries in such,particularly with the United States.

Malacca StraitsThe Malacca Straits Patrol (MSP) began inJuly 2004 with the establishment of theMalacca Straits Sea Patrol and this was fol-lowed by the Eye In the Sky (EIS) initiative

in September 2005 as response to interna-tional concerns regarding piracy in theMalacca Straits. Originally comprising ofMalaysia, Singapore and Indonesia withThailand later joining in 2008, the MSPworks on the basis of coordinated sea andair patrols of the Malacca Straits by thenations involved rather than a joint patrolsystem. This is likely due to the legalitiesinvolved in apprehending pirates in thewaters of another nation. The approachhas been successful with the number ofpiracy incidents in the Straits of Malaccareduced to a single incident in 2012.

US ContributionsOutside of the Malacca Straits patrol, whichis narrow in scope and involves only asmall number of ASEAN nations, the onlyother multilateral defence cooperationefforts in the region center upon theADMM and ADMM-Plus forums, the FivePower Defence Arrangement and multilat-eral regional exercises spearheaded by theUnited States. The recent ADMM-PlusHumanitarian Assistance and DisasterRelief (HADR)/Military Medicine (MM)Exercise held in Brunei from 17th to 20thJune 2013 marked the first time the group


The Malacca StraitsPatrol (MSP) began in

July 2004 with theestablishment of theMalacca Straits SeaPatrol and this was

followed by the Eye Inthe Sky initiative

The Littoral Combat Ship USSFreedom docked at RMNKuantan naval base duringthe CARAT Malaysia 2013exercise © Dzirhan Mahadzir


conducted a military field exercise under itsaegis and drew a substantial participationfrom member countries with 3,200 person-nel, seven ships, 15 helicopters as well asmilitary medical, engineering and SearchAnd Rescue (SAR) teams and assets fromthe 18 member nations. Both China and theUnited States sent a substantial contingentto the exercise. China provided the PeaceArk hospital ship plus engineers, medicaland SAR teams along with helicopterswhile the United States sent the supply shipUSNS Matthew Perry with medical teamsand helicopters thus marking a raremoment where their two militaries partici-pated together in a joint multinational fieldexercise. This was also the case for Japanand China, with the Japanese deploying thedestroyer JS Shirane along with medicalpersonnel and helicopters.

The ADMM-Plus is expected to carryout further exercises under its aegis as partof an effort to boost cooperation and confi-dence building in the region. An ADMM-Plus Counter-Terrorism Exercise was car-ried out in early September 2013 inIndonesia, and from 29th September until1st October, Australia will host a MaritimeSecurity Field Training Exercise under theADMM-Plus aegis in the vicinity of JervisBay and the East Australian Exercise Area.

This will involve personnel and shipsfrom 14 of the 18 ADMM-Plus memberstates. An ADMM-Plus naval exercise inIndonesia’s Riau Islands province is sched-uled for April 2014.

FPDASigned in 1971 between the UnitedKingdom, Australia, New Zealand,Malaysia and Singapore, the Five PowerDefence Arrangement (FPDA) continuesto provide a useful platform for defencecooperation between the five countriesinvolved despite its initial raison d’étrelying in the context of the Cold War. Fiveexercises are carried out under the FPDA,the annual joint exercise Bersama Shieldand annual Suman Warrior land exercisewhile three other exercises, the jointBersama Lima and Bersama Padu exercis-es, and the joint Suman Protector plan-ning exercise are FPDA events conductedacross a five year cycle. Bersama Lima isheld in the first, second and fourth years,Bersama Padu is held in the third year,and Suman Protector is held in the fifthyear. This year’s Bersama Lima exercisewhich will be held in November marksthe beginning of that five year cycle.

In recent years the UK’s participationhas declined in terms of the naval and air

assets involved though this has much todo with the downsizing of both the RoyalNavy and Royal Air Force. Though RAFEurofighter Typhoon F/GR.4 combat air-craft participated in FPDA exercises inMalaysia in 2011 and 2013, cynics havesaid that the Typhoon’s participation wasprompted by the UK’s marketing of the jetfor Malaysia’s Multi-Role CombatAircraft requirement to replace the RoyalMalaysian Air Force’s MiG-29N fleet. UKDefence Secretary Philip Hammond atthis year’s Shagri-La Dialogue stressedthat the UK remain committed to theregion and the FPDA. Nevertheless, it isopen to question, given the current size ofthe UK military, particularly the RoyalNavy, how much of a presence and com-mitment the UK can sustain towards boththe FPDA and the region over the longterm. Still however, the FPDA will contin-ue to endure given its usefulness for thecountries involved.

AustraliaDespite all the attention given towards the

l OCTOBER 2013 l 53

US Marines on exercise in Malaysia, thedeployment of US Marines to Australia isexpected to allow the US to increase engagementin the region © Dzirhan Mahadzir


US Rebalance or Pivot to Asia, it should benoted that the US has always been heavilyengaged in South-East Asia since theSecond World War. Multilateral exercisessuch as Cobra Gold, Cope Tiger andSoutheast Asia Cooperation and Training(SEACAT) and the Cooperation AfloatReadiness And Training (CARAT) series ofinitiatives have been in existence for a num-ber of years before the announcement of theUS Asia rebalance. However it should benoted that the rotational deployment of theUS Navy’s Littoral Combat Ships toSingapore (currently only the USS Freedomis deployed, although eventually a total offour ships will be deployed) and the USMarine Corps training deployment toAustralia will also form additionalengagement and cooperation opportuni-ties for the US with countries in South-EastAsia. The LCS’s focus on maritime securi-ty missions such as the interdiction of sus-pect ships, VBSS (Visit, Board, Search andSeizure) and counter-piracy makes it idealfor engagement with Southeast Asiannavies who face the challenges of prevent-ing maritime terrorism and maritimecrimes. Moreover the LCS’s capability tooperate in shallow waters and it’s smallersize compared to other US Navy shipsallows greater flexibility in operations andengagement in the region, particularly

when considering that a number of navalbases in the region are of limited size andnot designed to accommodate largerAmerican vessels. Meanwhile there hasbeen talk of having the US Marine forcesdeployed to Australia and the Australianmilitary conducting joint exercises togetherwith South-East Asian countries either inAustralia or in South-East Asia withIndonesia being a likely possibility in 2014.

Australia maintains a steady presencein the region in terms of defence coopera-tion. Apart from participation in the

FPDA, it has a series of bilateral militarycooperation initiatives with countries inthe region notably Singapore, Malaysia,Indonesia and Brunei. The SingaporeArmed Forces make use of Australiantraining areas to conduct large-scale landwarfare exercises. In 2011, when Malaysiawas preparing to deploy to Afghanistanusing RMAF Lockheed Martin C-130Hfreighters, the Royal Australian Air Forceprovided free use of its C-130 missiontraining simulators in Australia for RMAFtraining. While the RMAF had a C-130simulator, there was no mission modulewhich replicated expected conditions inAfghanistan. Australia’s cooperationbetween its special forces and Indonesianspecial forces have been a source of con-troversy, particularly from human rightsgroup who claimed that Indonesian spe-cial forces have been involved in a num-ber of human rights abuses in operationsin Papua though Australia’s commitmentto assist Indonesia’s counter-terrorismcapabilities in order to prevent furtherattacks on Australians in Indonesia have


The Malaysian Second Generation Patrol Vessel –Littoral Combat Ship, based on DCNS’s ‘Gowind’class corvette design will be built domestically byMalaysia’s Boustead Naval Shipyards with theassistance of DCNS © Dzirhan Mahadzir

Malaysian soldiers and a US Marine exchangeviews during the CARAT Malaysia 2013exercise © Dzirhan Mahadzir


countered calls for the cessation of coop-eration with Indonesian special forces.

China Reaches OutChina has made marked efforts toincrease defence cooperation with coun-tries in South East Asia although by andlarge exercises have been limited in scopedue to most countries taking a cautiousapproach in light of Chinese claims to dis-puted areas in the region. Malaysia hasagreed to conduct a joint bilateral militaryexercise with China in April 2014 thoughthe type of exercise has yet to be deter-mined. China has maintained a strongdefence cooperation relationship withThailand with the two countries havingheld joint special forces exercises in thepast and China providing technical assis-tance to Thailand in developing indige-nous Multiple Rocket Launch Systems.China and Indonesia are currently in dis-cussion over the joint production of theChinese Aerospace Group’s C-705 anti-ship missile for use by Indonesia.

Defence industry cooperation betweenASEAN countries have been next to non-existent, differing requirements, a reluc-tance to share research and developmentwith neighboring ASEAN members andthe desire to develop their own indigenous

defence industry capability have all con-tributed to this situation. Though theASEAN Defence Industry Collaboration(ADIC) initiative was signed in May 2011 atthe Fifth ADMM in Jakarta, little progresshas been made. The chief proponent of theADIC was then Malaysian DefenceMinister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, whopushed strongly for defence collaborationbetween ASEAN countries, however withMr. Zahid Hamidi having left the DefenceMinister portfolio, it would seem the ADICappears to be stillborn as none of theASEAN Defence Ministers appear to bekeen to push the ADIC initiative strongly.

Industrial EffortsOn the other side defence cooperation withindustrial partners outside the region isincreasing. Such efforts centre upon the

development of the local industry andtransfer of technology as part of the pur-chase of military equipment. Indonesiaand Vietnam are working on joint ship-building with Damen Schelde for theirrespective warship procurements, similar-ly Indonesia is pursuing the same course ofshipbuilding for its purchase of sub-marines from South Korea and on the avi-ation side its purchase of C-295 turbopropfreighters from Airbus Military includesfinal assembly in Indonesia. Malaysia willbe building its six-ship Second GenerationPatrol Vessel–Littoral Combat Ship incountry with the assistance of France’sDCNS whose ‘Gowind’ class corvette hulldesign will be used for the ship. At thesame time, the Malaysian Army,Malaysia’s Deftech and Turkey’s FNSSDefence Systems are currently workingtogether on the eight-wheel drive AV-8Armoured Fighting Vehcile, the prototypebeing currently on trial in Malaysia withlocal production of 257 vehicles scheduledto commence next year. With ASEANcountries looking to develop their manu-facturing capability and their skilled work-force capability, as a whole, future militarysales to such countries will involve indus-trial cooperation requirements rather thanjust being performed as a pure sale.

l OCTOBER 2013 l 55

Defence cooperationwith industrial partners

outside the region isincreasing. Such

efforts centre upon thedevelopment of thelocal industry and

transfer of technology


The AV-8 eight-wheel drive armoured fighting vehicle is being developed jointly by the MalaysianArmy, Deftech of Malaysia and Turkey’s FNSS Defence Systems © Dzirhan Mahadzir

A N D D E V E L O P M E N T S

INDIA TO DEVELOPNEW BATTLEMANAGEMENT SYSTEM��India’s Defence MinisterAK Antony and his officeannounced earlier this summerthat the Indian Army’s newBattle Management System(BMS) program would beacquired as a “Make India”program, and that Expressionsof Interest (EoIs) have been sentto both private and state-owned domestic companies forconsideration.Pursuing its policy to boost

local defence industries, theIndian Ministry of Defence(MoD) will invest $5 billion intothe BMS, which will link infantrylevel troops on the battlefield tohigher echelons of command, aspart of the Army’s network-centric warfare program.”Sources in the MoD

explained that the BMS pro-gram had been under consider-ation for more than four yearsbut the final decision took timeas policymakers were weighingwhether to acquire elements ofthe system internationally or tonominate state-owned compa-nies such as Bharat ElectronicsLtd. (BEL), which have longbeen lobbying for the big-ticketprogram.Since the long awaited deci-

sion was announced, EoIswere sent to more than a

dozen Indian defence compa-nies, private and state-owned,inviting them to participate inthe program.Release of EoIs to Bharat

Electronics (BEL), ComputerMaintenance Corporation,Electronics Corporation ofIndia, ITI, Rolta India, TataPower SED, Wipro, Larsen andToubro, HCL, Bharat Forge,Punj Lloyd, Tata Consultancy,Info Systems and TechMahindra highlights the IndianMoD's plan to utilise localdefence firms.However, if the develop-

ment of India’s BMS is onlyattributed to domestic manu-facturers, MoD sources haveexplained those companies willbe free to collaborate with over-seas defence manufacturers toacquire advanced technologies.Several overseas defence

companies have alreadyexpressed interest in the proj-ect, including Israel AerospaceIndustries, Rafael and Elbit ofIsrael; Thales and Nexter of

France; Germany’s Rohde andSchwarz; BAE Systems plusLockheed Martin, Raytheonand General Dynamics, andSelex of Italy.After evaluation of the dif-

ferent EoIs, which could takeup to four months, the Indiangovernment expects to selecttwo manufacturers. These two

manufacturers will then beasked to develop four BMS pro-totypes for mountain, jungle,and desert operations whichwill be put through extensivefield trials. These trials couldtake up to three years beforethe final bidder is selected andproduction begins.The development of these

prototypes is projected to costabout $67 million: 80 percent ofwhich will be covered by theMoD, and the remaining 20percent by the shortlisteddomestic company.The selected defence compa-

ny will be awarded an estimat-ed $5 billion contract to producemore than 500 systems in India.The BMS system will inte-

grate infantry surveillance sys-tems, including UnmannedAerial Vehicles and groundsensors, and provide the instantlocation of troops and plat-forms as well as a near real-time tactical picture to linktroops in the battlefield withtheir command headquarters.The BMS will be designed to

receive and transmit voice, dataand images from multiplesources including cameras,radars and battlefield optronicssimultaneously providing allthe soldiers on the battlefieldwith the same informationreceived by their commandheadquarter.

INDIAN NAVYRECEIVES FIRST HAWKTRAINER JET�� The Indian Navy hasreceived the first of 17 HawkAdvanced Jet Trainers,becoming the third navaloperator of the Hawk alongwith the US Navy andthe Royal Navy.The 17 Hawk aircraft

ordered by the Indian Navyform part of a contract for 57aircraft signed in 2010 ofwhich 40 are for the Indian Air

Force. Among its 18 cus-tomers worldwide, India is thelargest operator of the HawkAdvanced Jet Trainer with 123aircraft ordered to date, of

which over 70 have been deliv-ered to the Indian Air Force.Hawk trainers already inservice with the IndianAir Force are performing well.Adding to the Indian Navy’s

fleet of aircraft, the Hawkprovides the ideal platform forpilots to transition smoothly tothe Navy’s frontline aircraft.The Hawk effectively integratesair and ground based elementsoffering the most efficientand cost-effective method oftraining pilots.”


ASIA PACIFIC PROCUREMENT UPDATE

RREEGGIIOONNAALL NNEEWWSS

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MISSION COMPUTERSUITES FOR INDIANNAVY’S P-8I AIRCRAFT �� BAE Systems through acontract with Boeing, is pro-viding powerful mission com-puter suites to the Indian Navyfor use on their P-8I maritimepatrol aircraft, a variant of theUS Navy’s P-8A Poseidon.The MCDS suite – which can

go on any aircraft or unmannedaerial system – consists of twohigh-performance servers andfive dual-mission workstationsthat are lighter and lessexpensive than currentlyfielded mission computers. Thesuite proves its versatilitythrough its ability to be tailoredto individual users, enhancingmission performance andendurance. Additionally, thesuite’s modular, open-systemsarchitecture leveragescommercial off-the-shelfdesigns for militaryenvironments, enabling lowcost and rapid technologyinsertion.“Our mission computer

suite is the digital backbone forthe P-8I aircraft, providing aninterface to all sensors,communication links,countermeasures, aircraftsubsystems, and weaponry onboard,” said Gary Rubasch,Boeing P-8I program director inGreenlawn, New York, wherethe mission computers aredeveloped. “Airborne sensorsin surveillance aircraft require ascalable mission computer likeour MCDS suite provides. Itallows users to completemultiple missions withoutneeding to purchase additionalmission specific aircraft.”

bbyy Pierre Delrieu



SEACAT ANNUALCOUNTER-TERRORISMNAVAL EXERCISE �� The Republic ofSingapore Navy (RSN) partici-pated in the annual SoutheastAsia Cooperation AgainstTerrorism (SEACAT) exercise,together with the UnitedStates Navy and navies fromBrunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,the Philippines and Thailand.This year’s exercise, whichwas held from 2 to 12September 2013, marks the12th in the series.The Exercise SEACAT

series, which started in 2002,aims to enhance maritimeinformation-sharing and thecoordination of maritime secu-rity responses in the region.During the exercise, the par-ticipating navies conductedplanning exercises at theChangi Command andControl (C2) Centre at ChangiNaval Base. Other drillsincluded the tracking ofships, and the boarding of amerchant vessel simulatingits involvement in terrorist-activities at sea.Personnel from the RSN’s

Maritime Security Task Force,including an AccompanyingSea Security Team, took partin the exercise.

INDONESIA ACQUIRESEIGHT AH-64ES�� Indonesia signed a $500million contract with the USArmy to acquire eight BoeingAH-64E Block-III ApacheLongbow helicopters. The dealwas announced during the USdefence secretary ChuckHagel’s recent visit to Jakarta,where he met with hisIndonesian counterpart,Purnomo Yusgiantoro. Whiledetails of delivery and training

are still being ironed out, thedeal made with the IndonesianArmy (TNI-AD), in preparationsince last year, is expected toinclude radars, pilot training,and maintenance.In September 2012, the US

Defense Security CooperationAgency (DSCA) had informedthe US Congress of Jakarta’sintent to acquire eight Apaches,with the Foreign Military Sales(FMS) deal initially includingfour Longbow LLC AN/APG-78Longbow fire control radars (see

South Korea awards LockheedMartin Arrowhead M-TADS/PNVS contract andacquires six Longbow FCRsnews story). The sale, valued at$1.4 billion, would also have cov-ered the supply of further equip-ment and services, including 120Lockheed Martin AGM-114Hellfire air-to-surface missiles,enabling the Apache to attacklanding crafts or small warships.Jakarta has greatly enhanced

its ground attack capabilities in

recent years, and the Apacheswill complement the 16 EmbraerEMB-314 Super Tucano lightattack aircraft that Indonesia isabout to add to its air force. The Indonesian Army had

reportedly been eyeing Apachegunships for some time underits so-called “MinimumEssential Force” (MEF), a capa-bility upgrade and moderniza-tion program for the TNI to beachieved in three stages by 2024.The 25-year plan to acquire

some 135 helicopters to form

eight squadrons had beenrevealed in early 2007 by theIndonesian Ministry of Defenceand started with the purchaseof Russian Mil Mi-35 gunshipsin 2003 and 2008. Furthermore,in addition to the Apache, theIndonesian Army announcedits intents to procureEurocopter AS 550 Fennec lightmilitary helicopters.The procurement of the

Apache is consistent withIndonesia’s intentions toimprove mobility and having aflexible and responsive army isessential if the country wishesto pursue a maritime-orienteddefence strategy withinIndonesia’s archipelago. This isbecause the AH-64E Block-IIIApache Longbow is designed toprovide the necessary tacticalair support for naval forces dur-ing amphibious operations.During the 2010–2014 period,the Indonesian government hasallocated some $16.3 billion foracquisition, in which 62% ($10.1billion) is dedicated to air andnaval force modernisations. This Asian country has suf-

fered periodic insurgencies inprovinces such as Aceh andWest Papua, creating a nichefor counter-insurgency aircraftin the nation's air force.According to the United StatesDefense Security CooperationAgency (DSCA) the helicopterswill help Indonesia protect anddeter both external and otherpotential threats, defend itsborders, carry out counter ter-rorism and counter-piracyoperations, and control the freeflow of shipping through theMalacca Straits, near Malaysia.


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TENCATE RECEIVESASIAN CONTRACTFOR ADVANCED NAVALARMOUR SYSTEMS�� TenCate Advanced Armourhas booked a three year contractwith a Singapore-based shipyardto design, develop and manufac-ture lightweight ballistic protec-tion for crew and mission criticalequipment on a number of large

maritime vessels for a MiddleEastern end-user, ensuringincreased survivability for thecrew on board the vessels with-out impairing speed or perform-ance. With this new orderamong a number of other recentcommercial successes TenCatefurther strengthens its positionin the EMEA (Europe, MiddleEast and Africa) and APAC

(Asia Pacific) maritime markets.Early 2012 TenCate opened a

new marketing and sales office inSingapore and has since thenbeen validated with new orderscoming in from Asian shipyardsand Asian vehicle manufacturers. ‘Over the years, TenCate

Advanced Armour has gainedmuch experience from maritimeprojects in Europe and we apply

this experience to a growingnumber of projects in AsiaPacific now. The TenCateAdvanced Armour team inSingapore offers fully engineeredand proven solutions and theyunderstand the local require-ments in Asia Pacific’ says SteenTanderup, Managing Director ofTenCate Advanced ArmourEMEA & APAC.

Chuck Hagel - US Secretary of State for Defence Chuck Hagel indiscussion with Indonesian Minister of Defense Purnomo Yusgiantoro

ROKAF FIRSTC-130J TAKES MAIDENFLIGHT �� The Republic ofKorea Air Force’s (ROKAF)first Lockheed Martin C-130JSuper Hercules aircraft took tothe skies for its first flight

recently at the LockheedMartin productionfacility. This C-130J isscheduled for delivery tothe Republic of KoreaAir Force (RoKAF) in 2014.The RoKAF is a legacyC-130 operator.”

KOREA SELECTSGENERAL DYNAMICS’ACOUSTIC PROCESSORFOR P-3 AIRCRAFTUPGRADE PROGRAMME �� General DynamicsCanada has been awarded amulti-year contract to providenext-generation acoustic pro-cessing systems as part of theRepublic of Korea Navy(RoKN) Lockheed Martin P-3C Orion Maritime PatrolAircraft upgrade program.Under the contract, prime con-tractor Korean Air Lines Co.Ltd. will acquire 10 VpxENhanced Open architectureMulti-static (VENOM)sonobuoy processors toreplace the existing acousticsystems under the“Lot I”P-3C aircraft upgradeprogramme.“Acoustic operators face

considerable challengesdetecting today’s stealthysubmarine threats, and thesheer volume of sensor datathat they must manageand analyze in order todevelop a complete situationalawareness picture can beoverwhelming,” saidDavid Ibbetson, vicepresident, General DynamicsC4 Systems – International.“This new, advancedgeneration of acousticprocessors helpsoperators handle theircomplex tasks moreeffectively and efficientlythan ever before.”The VENOM system is an

advanced acoustic processordesigned to provideunderwater acoustic signalacquisition and processingcapabilities, automation andsophisticated tools that helpacoustic operators toquickly and accurately detect,classify and track submarinesin complex undersea environ-ments. The compact size andmodularity of VENOM’s3U VPX form factor makesit ideal for new or retrofitairborne applications.

SOUTH KOREAAWARDS LOCKHEEDMARTIN ARROWHEADM-TADS/PNVSCONTRACT ANDACQUIRES SIXLONGBOW FCRS�� Lockheed Martin hassigned a $223 million deal toprovide South Korea with 36Modernized Target AcquisitionDesignation Sight/PilotNight Vision Sensors(M-TADS/PNVS) optronicunits and spares, with deliverystarting in 2015. The systemswill equip South Korea’srecently acquired BoeingAH-64E Block-III ApacheLongbow attack helicopter.The Republic of Korea’s AH-

64Es will also be equipped withAN/APG-73 Longbow FireControl Radars (FCRs), as thecountry concluded a $51 milliondeal with Longbow LLC; a jointventure involving LockheedMartin and NorthropGrumman. South Korea willacquire a total of six of theAN/APG-73 radars. This systemis a Ka-band (33.4-36 gigahertz)radar with a range of up to four

nautical miles (eight kilometres).As well as equipping theRepublic of Korea Army, theAH-64E Block-III is being rolledout across the United StatesArmy as both a new-build air-craft and as an extensivelyupgraded version of the force’sexisting AH-64D models. All sixradars will be delivered by 2016,and their assembly will be per-formed at Lockheed Martin’sOcala and Orlando facilities, andNorthrop Grumman’sBaltimore, Maryland facility.The Republic of Korea

becomes the AN/APG-73stenth international customerand the battle-proven radar willprovide the country’s Apachepilots with increased situationalawareness, survivability andlethality, according to TomEldredge, Longbow LLC presi-dent and director of Longbowprograms at Lockheed MartinMissiles and Fire Control.Since if was first fielded in

2005, more than 1,200Arrowhead M-TADS/PNVSsystems have been delivered toboth the US Army and interna-tional customers, with produc-

tion of additional systemsplanned through January 2015.Arrowhead is the advancedelectro-optical fire control sys-tem used by AH-64D/EApache helicopter pilots for firecontrol and pilotage in day,night and inclement weather. The equipment contains sta-

bilized electro-optical sensors, alaser rangefinder and laser tar-get designator. It also includes athermal imaging camera and adaylight television camera. Itcan rotate +/- 120° in azimuth,+30/-60° in elevation and canmove independently of the PilotNight Vision System (PNVS).The movements of theArrowhead can also be 'slaved'to the head movements of thehelicopter crew to point wherethey are looking, which allowsimages from the system to beprojected onto the crew helmet-mounted display, overlaid upontheir view of the cockpit. ThePilot Night Vision System ele-ment of the Arrowhead archi-tecture contains an infraredcamera slaved to the headmovements of the pilot. ThePNVS can rotate +/- 90° inazimuth and +20/-45° in eleva-tion and has a high movementrate (120° per second), whichallows it to accurately match thehead movements of the pilot.The production and final

assembly of South Korea’s 36M-TADS/PNVS systems will beperformed at Lockheed Martin’sfacility in Orlando, Florida.In April 2013, the South

Korean Army had announced a$1.6 billion deal with Boeing for36 AH-64E Block-III Apachehelicopters, saying that the air-craft were expected to be deliv-ered between 2016 and 2018.

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AUSTRALIA’SNEW F-35AS ANDEA-18G GROWLERS �� The Australian govern-ment announced its plans topurchase three LockheedMartin F-35A Lightning-II JointStrike Fighter squadrons,totalling 72 planes, as formerAustralian Prime Minister JuliaGillard and former DefenceMinister Stephen Smithlaunched their government’snew defence white paper inCanberra on 3rd May 2013. Australia’s Royal Air Force

(RAAF) currently has threeoperational squadrons ofageing McDonnellDouglas/Boeing F/A-18A/BHornets and 24 BoeingF/A-18E/F Super Hornets.”The newly-drafted white

paper calls for the procurementof 72 F-35As, the conventionaltakeoff and landing variant of

the Lockheed Martin F-35A/B/C Lightning II, alongwith a decision on a further28 aircrafts being deferred untilcirca 2030, when theSuper Hornets will beapproaching their scheduledwithdrawal date.“Lockheed Martin is hon-

oured by the trust and confi-dence the Australian govern-ment showed in the F-35 pro-gram with today’s announce-ment,” said Trevor Thomas,head of the company’s corpo-rate communications in theAsia-Pacific region, in responseto the announcement. “Alongwith the first two Australianjets in production, which wewill deliver in mid-2014, wewill work closely with the gov-ernment to support their pur-chase of their remaining 100F-35 aircraft.”Australia’s newly drafted

white paper also announcedthe acquirement of twelve new-build Boeing EA-18G GrowlerElectronic Warfare (EW) air-craft, a $1.54 billion decisionwhich replaces the country’soriginal intention to converttwelve of its existing F/A-18FSuper Hornet aircraft into theGrowler configuration.The purchase includes the

aircraft, required mission andsupport systems, training, andongoing support to effectivelydevelop and operate this EWcapability. The AustralianDepartment of Defence plansto achieve the aircraft’sInitial Operational Capability(IOC) in 2018.Planned for basing at the

eastern Royal Australian AirForce (RAAF) Base ofAmberley, the twelve EA-18GGrowlers will complement theexisting F/A-18F SuperHornets and the future F-35As.The EA-18G Growler is an

EW variant of the F/A-18E/FBlock II Super Hornet thatremoves the internal gun, andhas the ability to disrupt or jama range of military electronicssystems, including radars andcommunications via itsfour ITT Exelis AN/ALQ-99ECM (Electronic CounterMeasures) pods mountedbeneath its wings. In US Navyservice, the AN/ALQ-99 podswill eventually be replaced aspart of the Next GenerationJammer initiative. The contract made with

Australia will also includethe supply of three trainingsimulators.


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AUSTRALIA COMPLETECHINOOK MISSIONIN AFGHANISTAN �� The Australian ArmyAviation Detachment, has completed its mission inAfghanistan, and marked the End of Missionduring a ceremony at Kandahar Airfield (KAF) on 14 September 2013.

The KAF-based RWG con-sisted of two Boeing CH-47DChinook Medium LiftHelicopters operating through-out the Afghan summer monthsas part of the American-ledRegional Command SouthAviation Task Force.Australian Army Aviation

Task Groups have completed11 tours in Afghanistan start-

ing in 2006 as theAviation Support Element. Itwas renamed the RotaryWing Group in 2008 andwent on to completeeight rotations between2008 and 2013.Australia’s Middle East

Area of OperationsCommander, Major GeneralMichael Crane said the RWG

operated steadfastly alongsidetheir American allies.“The Army Aviation’s

detachment, assigned underOperational Control toAmerican CombatAviation Brigades over thepast eight years has provideda meaningful enhancementto Australia’s strategicUS alliance.”

NEW 40MMAMMUNITION FORAUSTRALIA �� Australian Munitions andSingapore TechnologiesKinetics Ltd (ST Kinetics) havesigned an agreement to cooper-ate in Australia and NewZealand for the development,manufacturing and marketingof ST Kinetics’ 40 millimetre(1.56 inch) low velocity, extend-ed range, and air burstingammunition. The two compa-nies will focus on making new40mm capabilities available tothe Australian Department ofDefence and establishing sup-ply from within Australia.They will also look to introducean innovative supply chain

approach which includesreciprocation of supply.ST Kinetics designs and

manufactures a comprehensiverange of 40mm weapons andammunition, fire Control unitsand ammunition as systems. Its40mm ammunition solutionsinclude air bursting, camerasurveillance and self-destructrounds. The company’s 40mmammunition is currently inservice with the armed forcesof Australia, Canada,the United Kingdom andthe United States.

EA-18G

F-35

SINGAPORE AIRSHOW 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

Organised by: Supporting Publications:Official Media Partner: Supported by: Held in:

SINGAPORE AIRSHOW 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

Organised by: Supporting Publications:Official Media Partner: Supported by: Held in:

The C-17 Globemaster III is the world’s most capable

and versatile airlifter, performing the full range of

tactical and strategic operations: from transporting

troops and heavy cargo, to airdrop, aeromedical

evacuation and delivering humanitarian aid virtually

anywhere. No other airlifter measures up. The C-17.

Proven and ready for a world of missions.

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Job Number: BOEG_BDS_C17_2770M_R1Client: Boeing

Date: 7/26/13

File Name: BOEG_BDS_C17_2770M_R1





Live: 184mm x 260mm

Trim: 213mm x 286mm


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Retoucher:

GCD: P. Serchuk Creative Director: P. Serchuk Art Director: P. de Koninck Copy Writer: P. Serchuk Print Producer: Account Executive: D. McAuliffe Client: Boeing Proof Reader: Legal: Traffic Manager: Patty Lee Digital Artist: Art Buyer: Vendor: Schawk

Product: Boeing Defense Space & Security ApprovedDate/Initials




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Documents

Amr oct 2013