ana kldiaSvili

nino RaRaniZe

Tamar jayeli

ana kldiaSvili

nino RaRaniZe

Tamar jayeli

VII klasi

moswavlis wigni

xelovneba

gamomcemloba `klio~aRmaSeneblis gamz. #181, Tbilisi, 0112, saqarTvelotel.: (+995 32) 234 04 30E-mail: book@klio.gewww.klio.ge

redaqtori nana kupraSvili

Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiis profesori, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa irma liparteliani

ana kldiaSvili, nino RaRaniZe, Tamar jayeli

xelovnebasaxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba

VII klasi

moswavlis wigni

Ana Kldiashvili, Nino Gaganidze, Tamar JakeliART 7th GRADE TEXTBOOK

© gamomcemloba `klio~ 2012© a. kldiaSvili, n. RaRaniZe, T. jayeli 2012

yvela ufleba daculia

gr ifis m i n iWeb is we li _ 2012

ISBN 978-9941-415-???

I. Zveli civilizaciebi ..................... 51 uZvelesi adamianis naxatebi*10 ....... 62 SuamdinareTis xelovneba*11 ............ 83 piramidebi*12 ...................................... 104 TuTmosis saxelosno*13,14 ............... 125 ZvelberZnuli arqiteqtura*15 ..... 146 berZnuli qandakeba da idealuri

adamiani*16,17 ........................................ 167 romis xelovneba*18 ........................... 188 romauli qalaqebi*19 ........................ 209 nageboba da misi funqcia*20 ........... 2210 vxatavT cxovelebs ....................... 2411 *babiloni ......................................... 2512 *egvipturi anbani .......................... 2613 *egvipturi saTamaSo .................... 2714 *sarke ................................................ 2815 *mogzauroba warsulSi ............... 2916 *mocekvave kacunebi ..................... 3017 *Zveli berZnuli medali ............. 3118 *skolis ezo .................................... 3219 *aRadgine qalaqi ............................ 3320 *koloseumi ..................................... 3421 gaacocxle epoqa (egvipte) .......... 3522 gaacocxle epoqa (saberZneTi) ... 36

II. Sua saukuneebi ............................... 3823 CineTis da iaponiis

xelovneba*27 ....................................... 3824 Sua saukuneebis qristianuli

xelovneba*28 ....................................... 4025 mSeneblebi Sua saukuneebSi*29 ..... 4226 cixe-simagreebi da

galavnebi*30 ........................................ 4427 *Semodgomis xe ............................... 4628 *Zeglis silueti ............................ 4729 *asomTavruli damwerloba ....... 4830 *Cemi cixe-simagre ......................... 4931 SemajamebeligakveTili ............... 50

III. renesansi da baroko ................... 5132 ra aris renesansi*39 ....................... 5233 cxenosani qandakeba*40 ................... 5434 renesansis epoqis moda*41 ............. 5635 avtoportreti*42 ............................ 5836 sivrcis gadmocemis

xelovneba*43,44 .................................... 6037 baroko .............................................. 62

38 mniSvnelovani detalebi ............. 6439 *moqandakis Semoqmedeba.............. 6640 *mcire plastika ............................. 6741*moxatuli qsovili ....................... 6842 *fotoavtoportreti .................. 6943 *sivrce Cven namuSevarSi ............. 7044 *forma da Crdili ......................... 7145 gaacocxle epoqa ............................ 72

IV. Tanamedrove xelovneba ............ 7346 emocia, STabeWdileba,

ganwyobileba*58 ................................. 7447 rodeni .............................................. 7648 Tanamedrove arqiteqtura*59 ...... 7849 minis arqiteqtura ......................... 8050 anri matisi _ didi bavSvi*60....... 8251 futurizmi _ momavlis

xelovneba*61 ....................................... 8452 pikaso*62 ............................................. 8653 dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi

xelovneba*63 ....................................... 8854 abstraqtuli mxatvroba*64 .......... 9055 Zveli da axali qalaqi*65, 66 ........... 9256 muzeumebi*67 ..................................... 9457 qarTveli mxatvrebi*68 .................. 9658 *xelovnebis nimuSi _

STagonebis wyaro ............................ 9859 *vxatavT saklaso oYTaxs .............. 9960 *dekupaJi ....................................... 10061 *grafikuli namuSevari ............. 10162 *moxatuli TefSi ......................... 10263 *jadosnuri frinveli ............... 10364 * abstraqtuli namuSevari ....... 10465 *reklama ......................................... 10566 *logo _ safirmo niSani ........... 10667 *CarCo grafikuli

namuSevrisaTvis............................. 10768 *Canafiqri da masala .................. 10869 Semajamebeli gakveTili ............ 109

proeqti I. qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi ..... 110

proeqti II. Sexvedra xelovanTan . 111proeqti III.

Zveli da axali Tbilisi ............... 113

Zveli da axali Tbilisi .................. 113

Sinaarsi

VII klasi

1. romis imperia Zveli samyaros Zle-vamosili saxelmwifo iyo. misi sazRv-rebi gamudmebiT farTovdeboda axa-li qveynebis dapyrobis gziT. romaul kulturaSi mniSvnelovani adgili eka-va meomris, mxedarTmTavris sabrZolo warmatebis Temas. yvela mniSvnelovani movlenis an mogebuli omis ukvdavsayo-fad romis imperiis qalaqebSi igeboda sazeimo anu satriumfo TaRebi. qalaq-Si dabrunebuli jari, misi mxedarTm-Tavari da xSirad Tavad imperatoric am TaRis gavliT Sedioda qalaqSi da

esalmeboda maT dasaxvedrad gamosul xalxs. satriumfo TaRis reliefebi xSirad omis epizod-

ebs asaxavs. magaliTad, imperator titusis satriumfo TaRze ierusalimidan dabrunebuli meomrebis proce-siaa aRbeWdili, maT zemoT aRmarTul filebze sxvadas-xva qalaqis saxelia amotvifruli. amgvari satriumfo TaRebi dResac dgas romSi Tu romis imperiis mier da-pyrobil evropis sxvadasxva qalaqSi da TvalnaTliv

mouTxrobs STamomavlebs ro-mis istoriis umniSvnelovane-si movlenebis Sesaxeb.

7 romis xelovneba*18

raze visaubrebT:• ra aris satriumfo TaRi?• ra gamoisaxeboda satriumfo TaRze?• vin iyo vitruviusi?• rogor aiTvises romaelebma qandakebis xelovneba?

ras gavixsenebT:• rodis Seiqmna da ro-

demde iarseba romis impe-riam?

• rogor saxelmwif os ewodeba imperia?

1. daakvirdiT aq war-modgenil reliefs. ro-gor fiqrobT, ra scenaa gamosaxuli masze?

imperator titusis satriumfo TaRis reliefi. ax. w. 79-81 w.

imperator konstantines satriumfo TaRi. Zv. w. 117-138 ww.

2. Zveli romis kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb zust da saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis inJineri da xuroTmoZRvari vitruviusi. man dawera „10 wig-ni arqiteqturis Sesaxeb“. am wignebSi vitruviuss detalu-rad aqvs aRwerili romauli

xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebi, samSeneblo masala, agebis teqnika da nagebobaTa mxatvruli iersaxe. swored vit-ruviuss ekuTvnis cnobili gamoTqma „nagebobebs unda axasiaTebdes gamZleoba, sargeblianoba da silamaze“.

vitruviusma, romaulis garda, Zveli berZnuli arqiteq tura da qarTuli (kolxuri) sacxovrebelic aRwera.

2. eTanxmebiT Tu ara vitruviusis am gamonaT-qvams? imsjeleT amis Sesaxeb. ?

?

18

1. romis imperia Zveli samyaros Zle-vamosili saxelmwifo iyo. misi sazRv-rebi gamudmebiT farTovdeboda axa-li qveynebis dapyrobis gziT. romaul kulturaSi mniSvnelovani adgili eka-va meomris, mxedarTmTavris sabrZolo warmatebis Temas. yvela mniSvnelovani movlenis an mogebuli omis ukvdavsayo-fad romis imperiis qalaqebSi igeboda sazeimo anu satriumfo TaRebi. qalaq-Si dabrunebuli jari, misi mxedarTm-Tavari da xSirad Tavad imperatoric am TaRis gavliT Sedioda qalaqSi da

esalmeboda maT dasaxvedrad gamosul xalxs. satriumfo TaRis reliefebi xSirad omis epizod-

ebs asaxavs. magaliTad, imperator titusis satriumfo TaRze ierusalimidan dabrunebuli meomrebis proce-siaa aRbeWdili, maT zemoT aRmarTul filebze sxvadas-xva qalaqis saxelia amotvifruli. amgvari satriumfo TaRebi dResac dgas romSi Tu romis imperiis mier da-pyrobil evropis sxvadasxva qalaqSi da TvalnaTliv

mouTxrobs STamomavlebs ro-mis istoriis umniSvnelovane-si movlenebis Sesaxeb.

7 romis xelovneba*18

raze visaubrebT:• ra aris satriumfo TaRi?• ra gamoisaxeboda satriumfo TaRze?• vin iyo vitruviusi?• rogor aiTvises romaelebma qandakebis xelovneba?

ras gavixsenebT:• rodis Seiqmna da ro-

demde iarseba romis impe-riam?

• rogor saxelmwif os ewodeba imperia?

1. daakvirdiT aq war-modgenil reliefs. ro-gor fiqrobT, ra scenaa gamosaxuli masze?

imperator titusis satriumfo TaRis reliefi. ax. w. 79-81 w.

imperator konstantines satriumfo TaRi. Zv. w. 117-138 ww.

2. Zveli romis kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb zust da saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis inJineri da xuroTmoZRvari vitruviusi. man dawera „10 wig-ni arqiteqturis Sesaxeb“. am wignebSi vitruviuss detalu-rad aqvs aRwerili romauli

xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebi, samSeneblo masala, agebis teqnika da nagebobaTa mxatvruli iersaxe. swored vit-ruviuss ekuTvnis cnobili gamoTqma „nagebobebs unda axasiaTebdes gamZleoba, sargeblianoba da silamaze“.

vitruviusma, romaulis garda, Zveli berZnuli arqiteq tura da qarTuli (kolxuri) sacxovrebelic aRwera.

2. eTanxmebiT Tu ara vitruviusis am gamonaT-qvams? imsjeleT amis Sesaxeb. ?

?

18

4. pompeiSi aRmoCenili saxlebi mkvidrad iyo nage-bi, maTi interierebi Semkuli iyo mxatvrobiTa da mo-

zaikiT. am mo xatulobebis fe rebi ki jerac ar ga-xunebula, xolo mxat-varTa ostatoba naTlad mJRavndeba adamianebis, cxovelebis da frinve-lebis gamosaxulebebSi.

pompeiSi mravladaa ise -Ti saxlebi anu vilebi, romelTa asagebad da Se-samkobad im drois sauke-Teso ostatebs iwvevdnen.

2. Tu iciT, rogor aris mowyobili wyalgayvani-lobis sistema Ta na med-

rove qalaqebSi?

axali aRmoCenebi2000 wels arqeologebma

kidev erTi romauli qalaqis kvals miagnes, oRond amje-rad ara xmeleTze, aramed _ wyalqveS. qalaqi zeugma dRevandeli TurqeTis te-ritoriaze mdebareobs. ua-xlesi teqnikis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda misi daz-verva wyalqveS. zeugmas Ses-wavla jer ar dasrulebula. arqeologebi mraval axal aRmoCenas elian.

pompei. kedlis mxatvroba. ax.w. I s.

pompei. kedlis

mxatvroba. ax.w. I s.

pompei. kedlis mxatvroba. ax.w. I s.

3. gaTxrebma daadastura, rom pompeis quCebi keTil-mowyobili iyo: savali nawili mokirwyluli iyo, viwro trotuarebs ki wvimis wylis sadinari arxebi miuyve-boda. SesaniSnavad iyo mowyobili qalaqis wyalgayvan-ilobis sistema. Tixis milebiT mTeli qalaqi iyo daqse-lili. zogierT monakveTSi milebi imdenad kargad aris SemorCenili, rom maTi gamoyeneba dResac SeiZleba.

3. daakvirdiT pom-peis moxatulobebs da SeecadeT amoicnoT, ra siuJetia aq gamosaxuli.

4. rogor fiqrobT, sa-zo gadoebis romeli fe-nisTvis iyo gankuTvnili pompeis moxatuli vile-bi? daasabuTeT Tqveni mosazreba.

pompeis quCa ax. w. I s.

?

?

?

21

49 minis arqiteqturaraze visaubrebT:

• ra aris minis arqiteqtura?• vin iyo mis van der roe?• usafrTxoa Tu ara caTambjenebi?• vin gamoigona lifti?• ra aris penthauzi?

1. Tanamedrove qalaqis quCebSi sul ufro did ad-gils ikavebs veeberTela caTambjenebi. maTi fasadebi tradiciuli qvis an aguris nacvlad, miniT aris nagebi. maTi laplapa zedapiri ireklavs yvelafers, rac irgv-liv aris da iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos quCis orive mxares Camwkrivebuli Senobebi moZraobs, erT-maneTs erwymis da quCis saerTo ritmSia Cawerili.

vin moigona minis arqiteqtura? amerikeli arqiteq-tori mis van der roe erT-erTi pirvelia, vinc sac-xovrebeli saxlis asagebad mina gamoiyena. bunebrivia, samSeneblo mina CveulebriviviT myife da msxvrevadi rodia. mas sagangebod ise amzadeben, rom gamWvirvale iyos, magram simtkiciT tradiciul masalas ar Camou-vardebodes. mis van der roes mier agebuli „minis sax-li“ amgvari sacxovreblis erT-eErTi uadresi nimuSia.

1. daakvirdiT da aRwe reT rogori ar qi-teq tu ru li formebia ga -moyene buli farnsuorT-is saxlSi?

2. rogor fiqrobT, ra dadebiTi mxareebi aqvs am gvar arqiteqturas?

farnsuorTis saxlSi yvela KEkedeli minisaa. gamWvir-vale kedlebiT SemosazRvruli Sida sivrce sazRvriT _ miniT _ aris gamoyofili garemosgan. interierSi mxolod aucilebeli saTavsoebi — abazana, sapirfare-So da a.S. — aris gamijnuli da daxuruli. mTeli Sida sivrce ki, erTian sacxovrebel farTs qmnis.

mis van der roe. farnsuorTis minis saxli. 1951 w.

lifticaTambjenebi ubralod

ver iarsebebda, adamianebs am mravalsarTulian Seno-bebSi moZraobis usafrTxo da swrafi meqanizmi rom ar moegonaT. amerikelma ga-momgonebelma eliSa greiv otisma XIX s-is 50-ian wlebSi orTqlisZraviani lifti ga-moigona. misi prezentacii-sas Tavad otisi liftis ka-biniT zeviT avida. msaxurma mas xanjali miawoda, otis-ma mayureblebis Tvalwin liftis bagiri gadaWra. may-ureblebis gasaocrad oti-sis mier gamogonilma mux-ruWma lifti ubagirodac gaaCera. 1880 wels eleqt-rolifti gamoigones, rome-lic swrafad da usafrTxod dasrialebs da saSualebas aZlevs adamianebs icxovron da imuSaon aseuli metri si-maRlis mqone nagebobebSi.

mis van der roe. farnsuorTis minis saxlis interieri. 1951 w.

2. sacxovrebeli saxlis daproeqtebis amgvari prin-cipi dResac sakmaod popularulia, magram ufro mniSvnelovani isaa, rom minis arqiteqturam Tanamed-rove msoflios udidesi qalaqebi `daipyro~ da Zir-fesvianad Secvala maTi iersaxe.

?

?

80gasuli saukunis 20-ian wlebSi Tavad mis van der roem

daaproeqta Cikagosa da niu iorkis ramdenime cnobili caTambjeni. aseTi nagebobebis aucilebeli piroba gamZ-le, iafi samSeneblo masala da iseTi konstruqciebia, romlebic gacilebiT ufro swrafad igeba, vidre Cveu-lebrivi saxlebi. amitom, mravalsarTuliani nagebobe-bis ZiriTadi sayrdeni foladis sagangebo konstruq-ciebi gaxda, xolo qva da aguri minam Secvala.

3. mravali wlis ganmavlo-baSi msoflios yvelaze maRa-li Senoba niu iorkis empaier sTeiT bildingi iyo. misi si-maRle 381 metria. mis Tavze gadmosaxedi baqania mowyobi-li da yovelwliurad mili-onobiT turisti niu iorkis xedebiT tkbeba.

grandiozuli zo mebis miu-xedavad caTambjenis mSeneb-loba sul raRac 18 TveSi das-rulda. am SenobaSi 6 aTasi km telefonis kabeli, 6 700 ra-diatori da 80 km sigrZis mi-lebia gamoyenebuli. empaier sTeiT bildingi niu-iorkis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili simboloa.

4. nebismieri nagebobis daproeqtebisas arqiteqto-rebs da inJinrebs sxvadasxva bunebrivi faqtorebis gaT-valiswineba uwevT. caTambjenebis konstruqciam unda ga-uZlos miwisZvras, Zlier qariSxals da a.S.

1977 wels niu iorkSi agebuli erT-er-Ti caTambjenis 63-e sarTulze betonis uzarmazari fila moaTavses, romelic 400 tonas iwonis. qaris amovardnisas sagangebo meqanizmi am filas ryevis mi-marTulebis sapirispirod amoZravebs. aseTi maxvilgonivruli xerxiT Senobis avtorebma maqsimalurad Seamcires ca-Tambjenis ryeva da gazardes misi gamZ-leoba. amitomac caTambjenebis bolo sarTuli, e.w. penthauzi saimedoa da aqe-dan mSvenieri xedic iSleba. Sesabamisad, penthauzi Zviradac fasobs.

3. rogor fiqrobT, ram Seuwyo xeli Tanamed-rove qalaqebSi caTambje-nebis mSeneblobas?

4. gaixseneT, romel kinofilmSi ginaxavT

empaier sTeiT bildingis Senoba?

mis van der roe.caTambjeni. niu-iorki. 1958 w.

empaier sTeiT bildingi. niu iorki. 1930-1931 ww.

dubais erT-erTi quCa

?

?

81

49 minis arqiteqturaraze visaubrebT:

• ra aris minis arqiteqtura?• vin iyo mis van der roe?• usafrTxoa Tu ara caTambjenebi?• vin gamoigona lifti?• ra aris penthauzi?

1. Tanamedrove qalaqis quCebSi sul ufro did ad-gils ikavebs veeberTela caTambjenebi. maTi fasadebi tradiciuli qvis an aguris nacvlad, miniT aris nagebi. maTi laplapa zedapiri ireklavs yvelafers, rac irgv-liv aris da iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos quCis orive mxares Camwkrivebuli Senobebi moZraobs, erT-maneTs erwymis da quCis saerTo ritmSia Cawerili.

vin moigona minis arqiteqtura? amerikeli arqiteq-tori mis van der roe erT-erTi pirvelia, vinc sac-xovrebeli saxlis asagebad mina gamoiyena. bunebrivia, samSeneblo mina CveulebriviviT myife da msxvrevadi rodia. mas sagangebod ise amzadeben, rom gamWvirvale iyos, magram simtkiciT tradiciul masalas ar Camou-vardebodes. mis van der roes mier agebuli „minis sax-li“ amgvari sacxovreblis erT-eErTi uadresi nimuSia.

1. daakvirdiT da aRwe reT rogori ar qi-teq tu ru li formebia ga -moyene buli farnsuorT-is saxlSi?

2. rogor fiqrobT, ra dadebiTi mxareebi aqvs am gvar arqiteqturas?

farnsuorTis saxlSi yvela KEkedeli minisaa. gamWvir-vale kedlebiT SemosazRvruli Sida sivrce sazRvriT _ miniT _ aris gamoyofili garemosgan. interierSi mxolod aucilebeli saTavsoebi — abazana, sapirfare-So da a.S. — aris gamijnuli da daxuruli. mTeli Sida sivrce ki, erTian sacxovrebel farTs qmnis.

mis van der roe. farnsuorTis minis saxli. 1951 w.

lifticaTambjenebi ubralod

ver iarsebebda, adamianebs am mravalsarTulian Seno-bebSi moZraobis usafrTxo da swrafi meqanizmi rom ar moegonaT. amerikelma ga-momgonebelma eliSa greiv otisma XIX s-is 50-ian wlebSi orTqlisZraviani lifti ga-moigona. misi prezentacii-sas Tavad otisi liftis ka-biniT zeviT avida. msaxurma mas xanjali miawoda, otis-ma mayureblebis Tvalwin liftis bagiri gadaWra. may-ureblebis gasaocrad oti-sis mier gamogonilma mux-ruWma lifti ubagirodac gaaCera. 1880 wels eleqt-rolifti gamoigones, rome-lic swrafad da usafrTxod dasrialebs da saSualebas aZlevs adamianebs icxovron da imuSaon aseuli metri si-maRlis mqone nagebobebSi.

mis van der roe. farnsuorTis minis saxlis interieri. 1951 w.

2. sacxovrebeli saxlis daproeqtebis amgvari prin-cipi dResac sakmaod popularulia, magram ufro mniSvnelovani isaa, rom minis arqiteqturam Tanamed-rove msoflios udidesi qalaqebi `daipyro~ da Zir-fesvianad Secvala maTi iersaxe.

?

?

80gasuli saukunis 20-ian wlebSi Tavad mis van der roem

daaproeqta Cikagosa da niu iorkis ramdenime cnobili caTambjeni. aseTi nagebobebis aucilebeli piroba gamZ-le, iafi samSeneblo masala da iseTi konstruqciebia, romlebic gacilebiT ufro swrafad igeba, vidre Cveu-lebrivi saxlebi. amitom, mravalsarTuliani nagebobe-bis ZiriTadi sayrdeni foladis sagangebo konstruq-ciebi gaxda, xolo qva da aguri minam Secvala.

3. mravali wlis ganmavlo-baSi msoflios yvelaze maRa-li Senoba niu iorkis empaier sTeiT bildingi iyo. misi si-maRle 381 metria. mis Tavze gadmosaxedi baqania mowyobi-li da yovelwliurad mili-onobiT turisti niu iorkis xedebiT tkbeba.

grandiozuli zo mebis miu-xedavad caTambjenis mSeneb-loba sul raRac 18 TveSi das-rulda. am SenobaSi 6 aTasi km telefonis kabeli, 6 700 ra-diatori da 80 km sigrZis mi-lebia gamoyenebuli. empaier sTeiT bildingi niu-iorkis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili simboloa.

4. nebismieri nagebobis daproeqtebisas arqiteqto-rebs da inJinrebs sxvadasxva bunebrivi faqtorebis gaT-valiswineba uwevT. caTambjenebis konstruqciam unda ga-uZlos miwisZvras, Zlier qariSxals da a.S.

1977 wels niu iorkSi agebuli erT-er-Ti caTambjenis 63-e sarTulze betonis uzarmazari fila moaTavses, romelic 400 tonas iwonis. qaris amovardnisas sagangebo meqanizmi am filas ryevis mi-marTulebis sapirispirod amoZravebs. aseTi maxvilgonivruli xerxiT Senobis avtorebma maqsimalurad Seamcires ca-Tambjenis ryeva da gazardes misi gamZ-leoba. amitomac caTambjenebis bolo sarTuli, e.w. penthauzi saimedoa da aqe-dan mSvenieri xedic iSleba. Sesabamisad, penthauzi Zviradac fasobs.

3. rogor fiqrobT, ram Seuwyo xeli Tanamed-rove qalaqebSi caTambje-nebis mSeneblobas?

4. gaixseneT, romel kinofilmSi ginaxavT

empaier sTeiT bildingis Senoba?

mis van der roe.caTambjeni. niu-iorki. 1958 w.

empaier sTeiT bildingi. niu iorki. 1930-1931 ww.

dubais erT-erTi quCa

?

?

81

56 muzeumebi*67

raze visaubrebT:• rogor iqmneboda muzeumebi?• rogor icaven eqsponatebs muzeumebSi?• vin iyo eqvTime TayaiSvili?• sad aris muzeumi Ria cis qveS?

ras gavixsenebT:• ra aris muzeumi?• ras niSnavs eqspozi-

cia?

1. adamianebis interesi xelovnebis nawarmoebebis mimarT gansxvavebuli formiT vlindeba. zogierTi adamiani mxolod sakuTar saxls amkobs xelovnebis ramdenime nimuSiT. zogierTisTvis ki xelovnebis ni-muSebis Segroveba da maTi sxvebisaTvis Cveneba mTeli cxovrebis saqmea.

rogorc iciT, Zvel samyaroSi mraval mmarTvels hqonda iSviaT nakeTobaTa koleqcia, romlebic sagan-gebo sacavebSi inaxeboda. dRevandeli saxiT muzeumi aRorZinebis epoqaSi, XV-XVI ss-Si Camoyalibda. am dros sazogadoebas gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda Zveli ber-Znul-romauli xelovneba, romlis nimuSebic evropel didgvarovanTa koleqciebSi ikribeboda. Semdgom, TandaTan TavianT TanamedroveTa — renesansis epoqis SemoqmedTa nawarmoebebis Segrovebac daiwyes. ase Seiqmna cnobili muzeumebis koleqciebi evropis yvela qveyanaSi.

3. rogor fiqrobT, ra funqcia akisria muzeums?

2. didi xania muzeumi mxolod xelov-nebis nawarmoebebis Segrovebasa da maT gamofenas ar emsaxureba. muzeumSi Tav-moyrili nivTebi xSirad Seswavlas, gamo-kvlevas iTxovs, radgan maTi warmomavlo-ba an avtori zogjer ucnobia. rac ufro Zvelia esa Tu is nawarmoebi, miT ufro Selaxuli SeiZleba iyos is. imisaTvis, rom aseTi eqsponati sabolood ar ganad-gurdes, mas sWirdeba gamokvleva, „mkur-naloba“, dazianebebis SeZlebisdagvarad aRdgena da, rac mTavaria, iseTi pirobe-

1. romel qveynebSi mde-bareobs Semdegi muzeume-bi: luvri, ermitaJi, pra-do, gugenhaimi?

2. rogor fiqrobT, ra-tom aages luvrTan pira-mida?

saklaso diskusiasWirdeba Tu ara mu-

zeums gansakuTrebuli Senoba, Tu is nebismier nagebobaSi SeiZleba gan-Tavsdes?

luvri. parizi

prado. madridi

?

?

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3. sityva „muzeumi“ (muzebis samyofels niSnavs) pir-vel rigSi swored xelovnebis nawarmoebebs gvaxsenebs, magram, iciT Tu ara, rom muzeumebi inaxaven yvela-fers, rac adamianebs Senaxvis Rirsad miaCniaT. arse-bobs Tojinebis, fulis, musikaluri instru men tebis, xaliCebis, mineralebis, iaraRis da mravali sxva saxis muzeumi. yvela qveyana an regioni Tavs uyris sakuTa-ri kulturis umniSvnelovanes Zeglebs da inaxavs maT muze umebSi, sadac am eqsponatebis xilva TiToeul Cvengans SeuZlia.

4. saqarTvelos istoriaSi iyo iseTi epizodi, rode-sac Cveni samuzeumo ganZeuloba SeiZleboda dakargu-liyo. 1921 wels ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis dros, maSindelma mTavrobam samuzeumo ganZi saqarT-velodan safrangeTSi gaitana. ganZis mcvelad cno bili mecnieri da sazogado moRvawe eqvTime TayaiSvili dai-niSna. emig raciaSi yofnisas gadatanili ukiduresi ga-Wirvebis miuxedavad, eqvTime TayaiSvilma xeluxleblad Seinaxa qarTuli saganZuri da aTeuli wlebis Semdeg is saqarTvelos daubruna. amisaTvis eqvTime TayaiSvils „saqarTvelos meWurWleTuxucesi“ uwodes. dRes es eqs-ponatebi saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSia daculi.

muzeumi Ria cis qveS1966 wels TbilisSi qar-

Tveli istorikosis giorgi Citaias TaosnobiT Seiqmna uCveulo muzeumi. Ria cis qveS erTmaneTisagan Soriax-los warmodgenilia saqarT-velos sxvadasxva kuTx-is sacxovrebeli saxlebi. TiToeul maTganSi Tavmo-y rilia xalxuri rewvis sa u keTeso nimuSebi da sa-yo facxovrebo nivTebi. mu-zeumis damTvalierebl ebs SesaZlebloba eZlev aT, war-moidginon qarTuli xalxu-ri arqiteqturisa da xelov-nebis mravalferovneba.

bis Seqmna, romelic aucilebelia mis Se-sanaxad. am saqmiT mu-zeumSi uamravi mec-nieri, restavratori Tu teqnikuri muSa-kia dakavebuli. Ta-namedrove muzeumeb-Si rTuli teqnikuri sistemebia damonta-Jebuli, romlebic sa gamofeno darba-zebSi icavs gansazRv-rul temperaturas, tenianobas da mraval sxva aucilebel pirobas. xelov-nebis nawarmoebebis usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofs Ti-Toeul darbazSi dayenebuli saTvalTvalo sistemebi.

vaJa-fSavelas saxl-muzeumis eqsponati

dadianebis sasaxleTa saxelmwifo istoriul-arqiteqturuli meuzeumi. zugdidi

davalebamoifiqreT, risi muzeumis Seqmnas isurvebdiT

da rogori iqneboda is. Tqveni mosazrebebi weri-lobiT daasabuTeT.

pirveli qarTuli

`eqsponati~134 wels romaelma fla-

vius arianem kolxeT Si imo-gzaura. sxva sayu radRebo cnobebTan er Tad igi mogvi-Txrobs, rom qalaq fasisSi (dRevandeli foTi) RvTaeba reas taZar Tan Senaxuli iyo gem „argos“ rkinisa da qvis Ruzis nawilebi, rom-lebsac damTvali e reblebs uCvenebdnen. sa va raudod, am droisaTv is, am siZvele-ebis asaki 10 sa ukuneze mets iTv li da. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es siZveleTa erT-erTi pirve li qarTuli „eqspozi-cia“ iyo.

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*mcire plastika

didi zomis skulptura, romelic Ria cis qveS _ moe-danze, quCaSi an parkSi dgas, monumentur qandakebas warmoadgens. sxvadasxva epoqasa Tu qveynis xelovne-baSi mravlad SexvdebiT mcire zomis nimuSebsac, rom-lebsac adamiani Tavisuflad daiWers xelSi. amgvar qandakebebs mcire plastikis nimuSs uwodeben. mcire plastikis amgvari nimuSebis Seqmna Tqvenc SegiZliaT.

ra dagvWirdeba:Tixa, mavTuli, Ri-

lebi, mZivebi, guaSis saRebavebi, funji, fe-radi qaRaldebi da sxv.

ras gavakeTebT:gamovZerwavT mcire

plas tikis nimuSs.

40

• Tavdapirvelad moifiqreT ras gamoZerwavT _ adamianis, cxovelis, frinvelis Tu fantastikuri ar-sebis figuras;

• SeqmeniT Canaxati, ris mixedviTac SeqmniT mcire plastikis nimuSs;

• muSaobis dawyebamde xeliT daarbileT Tixa;• Tavis an sxva detalebis Sesaqmnelad SegiZliaT

gamoiyenoT plastmasis, minis an raime sxva masalis msubuqi konstruqciebi.

• gaxsovdeT, rom yvela detalis damateba SesaZle-belia Tixis gaSrobamde;

• qandakebis feriT dafarva mxolod misi gaSrobis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli.

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