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• Berperan dalam berbagai sektor
industri
• Parameter penting dalam
pemilihan pompa
• 20% kebutuhan listrik dunia
• 25% - 50% penggunaan energi
operasi industri (US DOE, 2004).
Sumber: http://www.metropolitanind.comSumber: http://www.metropolitanind.com
Sumber: http://discoverarmfield.com
Head,efisiensi
kerja pompa
Head loss
perpipaan
Karakteristik
kerja sistem
Analisa
performa,
meliputi:
Usia alat sudah
tua, perawatan
minim
Fasilitas analisa
perpipaan minim
Mengevaluasi performansi dari sistem
Mengevaluasi efisiensi dari kinerja pompa
Penambahan fasilitas praktikum di laboratorium
Menghasilkan modul praktikum
𝒑𝟏𝜸+ 𝑽𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝒈+ 𝒛𝟏 +𝑯𝒑 =
𝒑𝟐𝜸+ 𝑽𝟐𝟐
𝟐𝒈+ 𝒛𝟐 +𝑯𝒍𝑻
𝑯𝒎 = 𝑲 𝑽𝟐
𝟐𝒈; 𝑯𝒎 = 𝒇
𝑳𝒆𝑫
𝑽𝟐
𝟐𝒈𝑯𝑳 = 𝒇
𝑳
𝑫
𝑽𝟐
𝟐𝒈
𝑯𝒍𝑻 = 𝑯𝑳 +𝑯𝒎
𝒇 =𝟔𝟒
𝑹𝒆
𝟏
𝒇= −𝟏, 𝟖𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎
𝒆 𝑫𝟑, 𝟕
𝟏,𝟏𝟏
+𝟔, 𝟗
𝑹𝒆
Haaland eq. - Laminar flow:
Darcy Weisbach eq. - Turbulen flow:
Moody Diagram
Fox, et al, 2003
H e a d l o s s s u d d e n e n l a r g e m e n t :
H e a d l o s s s u d d e n c o n t r a c t i o n :
H e a d l o s s e l b o w :
Fox, et al, 2003
𝒉𝒍𝒔 = 𝒌𝒍𝒔 𝑽𝒖.𝒔𝟐
𝟐𝒈
𝒉𝒍𝒄 = 𝒌𝒍𝒄 𝑽𝐝.𝒔𝟐
𝟐𝒈
𝒉𝒍𝒆 = 𝒌𝒍𝒆 𝑽𝐮.𝒔𝟐
𝟐𝒈
Westaway dan Loomis, 1984
Fitting KL
Standard TeeThru flow
3/4 in3/2 in
0.500.42
Thru branch3/4 in3/2 in
1.501.26
Gate valve, fully open 0.23/4 open 1.01/2 open 5.61/4 open 17.0
Standard Elbow 90o 0.75Elbow, 45o 0.34 – 0.4Long radius elbow, 90o 0.34 – 0.4Short radius elbow, 90o 0.8Close return bend, 180o 1.25Rotary meter 10Disk or Woble Meter 3.4 – 10
: PVC Pipe 𝐷 = 3 2 𝑖𝑛 ; 𝐿 = 3 𝑚
: PVC Pipe 𝐷 = 3 4 𝑖𝑛 ; 𝐿 = 3 𝑚
: Pipe with reducer pipe → Acrylic pipe 𝐷 = 1 2 𝑖𝑛 ; 𝐿 = 3 𝑚 (substitute)
: Fitting and restriction flow meter → long radius elbow 90o, short radius elbow 90o,elbow 45o,
venturimeter, pipa sudden contraction dan pipa sudden enlargement.
I
II
IV
III
𝜼𝒑 =𝑾𝑷𝑩𝑷=𝜸𝑸𝑯
𝜼. 𝑬𝑷=𝝆𝒈𝑸𝒑𝑯𝒑
𝜼. 𝑽𝑰 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝋
𝒅𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒂:𝑾𝑷 : daya hidrolik𝑩𝑷 : daya poros𝑬𝑷 : daya listrik𝝆 : massa jenis air𝒈 : percepatan gravitasi bumi𝑸𝒑 : debit pompa
𝑯𝒑 : head pompa
𝜼 : efisiensi motor𝑽 : tegangan listrik𝑰 : arus listrik𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝋 : koefisien kerja motor
𝜼 =𝑷×𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅
𝑬𝒑; 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 =
𝑰
𝑰𝒓
𝑽
𝑽𝒓× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Fluid =…
Temperature =…
Pressure =…
Density =…
Viscosity =…
Material =…
Roughness =…
Int. Diameter =…
Fittings =…
properties
Fixed speed =…
Flow =…
Head =…
Efficiency =…
NPSHr =…
(at least 3 data)
Parameter Line I Line II Line III
Debit Aliran (Q)
(Q)min 𝟏𝟎 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟎 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟎 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝟏, 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
𝒔 𝟏, 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
𝒔 𝟏, 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
𝒔
(Q)max 𝟕𝟎 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝟎 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝟏𝟏, 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
𝒔 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
𝒔 𝟖, 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
𝒔
∆Q 𝟐 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝑳 𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟑
𝒔 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟑
𝒔 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟑
𝒔
Panjang pipa (L) 𝟑𝒎 𝟑𝒎 𝟏𝒎
Diameter (D) 𝟑 𝟐 𝒊𝒏 𝟑 𝟒 𝒊𝒏 𝟏 𝟐 𝒊𝒏
𝟎, 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟎, 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟓 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝟎, 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓
SGHg = 13,6ρwater; T = 25oC; ρwater = 997 kg/m3; µ = 8,93 × 10-4 N.s/m2
𝒇 = 𝟐𝑫
𝑳.∆𝒑
𝝆 𝑽𝟐
𝒆 𝑫 = 𝟑, 𝟕 𝟏𝟎−𝟏
𝟏,𝟖 𝒇 −𝟔, 𝟗
𝑹𝒆
𝟏𝟏,𝟏𝟏
Menentukan friction factor
Menentukan wall roughness
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
f
Re
Kurva Hubungan f - Re pada Line II
0,00000
0,00500
0,01000
0,01500
0,02000
0,02500
0,03000
0,03500
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
f
Re
Kurva Hubungan f - Re pada Line III
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000
f
Re
Kurva Hubungan f - Re pada Line I
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
e
Re
Kurva Hubungan e/D dan Re pada Line I
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
e
Re
Kurva Hubungan e/D dan Re pada Line II
0,000
0,001
0,002
0,003
0,004
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
e
Re
Kurva Hubungan e/D dan Re pada Line III
𝒆= 𝒆 𝑫×𝑫=𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐×𝟑𝟖,𝟏𝒎𝒎=𝟎,𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟕𝒎𝒎
𝒆= 𝒆 𝑫×𝑫=𝟎,𝟎𝟒𝟐×𝟏𝟗,𝟎𝟓𝒎𝒎=𝟎,𝟖𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝒆= 𝒆 𝑫×𝑫=𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏×𝟏𝟐,𝟕𝒎𝒎=𝟎,𝟎𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
f
Re
f - Re (Line III)
f - Re (Line II)
f - Re (Line I)
64/Re
𝑓 = −1,8𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 𝐷3,7
1,11
+6.9
𝑅𝑒
−2
SGHg = 13,6ρwater; T = 25oC; ρwater = 997 kg/m3; µ = 8,93 × 10-4
N.s/m2
Parameter
Long
Radius
Elbow 90o
Standard
Radius
Elbow 90o
Elbow 45oSudden
Enlargement
Sudden
Contraction
Debit minimal
L/min 10 10 10 10 10
×10-4 [m3/s] 1,67 1,67 1,67 1,67 1,67
Debit maksimal
[L/min] 70 70 70 70 70
×10-4 [m3/s] 11,7 11,7 11,7 11,7 11,7
∆Q
[L/min] 2 2 2 2 2
×10-5 [m3/s] 3 3 3 3 3
Diameter pipa
[in] 3/4 3/4 3/4 - -
[m] 0,01905 0,01905 0,01905 0,01905 (inlet) 0,04808 (inlet)
Jumlah fitting (n) 4 2 2 1 1
𝑲𝑳 = 𝟐∆𝒑
𝝆 𝑽𝟐
Menentukan friction factor
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
K
Re
Hubungan KL-el90 - Re pada Long Rad Elbow 90o
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
K
Re
Hubungan KL-S.el90 - Re pada Stand. Rad. Elbow 90o
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
K
Re
Hubungan KL-el45 - Re pada Elbow 45o
KL-L.el90 = 0,71
KL-S.el90 = 0,60
KL-el45 = 0,31
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
KL
Re
Long rad. Elbow 90
Standard rad. Elbow 90
Elbow 45
KL-sud.enl = 0,76 KL-sud.cont = 26,39
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
K
Re
Hubungan KS-enl - Re Suddden Enlargement Pipe
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
KRe
Hubungan KS-con - Re Sudden Contraction Pipe
𝑪𝒅 =
𝑸𝟏𝜷
𝟒
− 𝟏
𝑨𝟏∆𝒑𝝆
Dimana:
𝑪𝒅 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔
0
0,001
0,002
0,003
0,004
0,005
0,006
0,007
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
Cd
Re
Kurva Hubungan Cd dan Re pada Venturimeter Menentukan nilai Cd
Head loss pada venturimeter
𝑪𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎%∆𝒑
𝝆𝒈
(Miller, 1996)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Efis
ien
si (η
)
Head
(m)
Debit (L/min)
Grafik Karakteristik Kerja Pompa
Q-H
Hpl I
Hpl II
Hpl III
Efisiensi
𝜼𝒑 =𝑾𝒑
𝑩𝒑=𝝆𝒈𝑸𝒑𝑯𝒑
𝑷𝒓𝑰𝑰𝒓.𝑽𝑽𝒓
𝑩𝑷 = 𝑷𝒓𝑰
𝑰𝒓×𝑽
𝑽𝒓
𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 =𝑰
𝑰𝒓×𝑽
𝑽𝒓
𝜼 =𝑷𝒓 × 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅
𝑬𝒑𝑩𝑷 =𝑷𝒓 × 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅
𝑬𝑷. 𝑬𝑷 𝑾𝑷 = 𝝆𝒈𝑸𝒑𝑯𝒑
𝑩𝑷 = 𝜼𝑬𝑷 𝑾𝑷 = 𝜸𝑸𝒑𝑯𝒑
𝜼𝒑 =𝑾𝒑
𝑩𝒑
Fittings Keterangan KPipeline
I II III
Through Tee D = 3/2 in
D = 3/4 in
0,42
0,5
1 buah
3 buah
-
2 buah
-
2 buah
Branch Tee D = 3/2 in
D = 3/4 in
1,26
1,5
-
1 buah
1 buah
2 buah
1 buah
1 buah
Standard Elbow 90o D = 3/4 in 0,75 3 buah 3 buah 4 buah
Long Elbow 90o D = 3/2 in
D = 3/4 in
0,34
0,4
1 buah
2 buah
1 buah
2 buah
1 buah
2 buah
Return Bend D = 3/4 in 1,25 1 buah 1 buah 1 buah
Gate Valve (Fully
Open)
D = 3/4 in 0,2 3 buah 3 buah 3 buah
Rotameter 10 1 buah 1 buah 1 buah
Ktot D(3/2 in) = 0,76
D(3/4 in) = 15,65
D(3/2 in) = 1,6
D(3/4 in) = 16,65
D(3/2 in) = 1,6
D(3/4 in) = 18,15
Kentrance = 0,2; Kexit = 1
Debit (Q) = 0,0011 m3/det= 64 L/min
Head (H) = 17,100 mEfisiensi (%) = 29,0
Debit (Q) = 0,0011 m3/det= ±66 L/min
Head (H) = 17,001 mEfisiensi (%) = 28,4
Pipe Flow Expert v5.12.1.1
Analisa Manual
Debit (Q) = 0,0009m3/det= ±54 L/min
Head (H) = 18,339 mEfisiensi (%) = 26,2
Debit (Q) = 0,0009 m3/det= 54 L/min
Head (H) = 18,4 mEfisiensi (%) = 26,0
Pipe Flow Expert v5.12.1.1
Analisa Manual
Debit (Q) = 0,0008 m3/det= ±48 L/min
Head (H) = 19,02 mEfisiensi (%) = 23,8
Debit (Q) = 0,0008 m3/det= 48,5 L/min
Head (H) = 19,0 mEfisiensi (%) = 25,3
Pipe Flow Expert v5.12.1.1
Analisa Manual
𝒇 ≈ 𝒆/𝑫 ≈ 𝟏 𝑹𝒆
𝑲𝑳 ≈ 𝟏𝑹𝒆
Pada pipa line II (PVC D = 3/4 in),e/D = 0,04193
Pipe line I (PVC D = 3/2 in),BEP = 29%,17,1 m
Pipe line II (PVC D = 3/4 in), BEP = 26%,18,4 m
Pipe line III (PVC D = 1/2 in),BEP = 25,3%, 19,0 m
Surface
Absolute Roughness Coefficient
- k -
(m) 10-3 (feet)
Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new) 0.001 - 0.002 3.33 - 6.7 10-6
PVC and Plastic Pipes 0.0015 - 0.007 0.5 - 2.33 10-5
Stainless steel 0.015 5 10-5
Steel commercial pipe 0.045 - 0.09 1.5 - 3 10-4
Stretched steel 0.015 5 10-5
Weld steel 0.045 1.5 10-4
Galvanized steel 0.15 5 10-4
Rusted steel (corrosion) 0.15 - 4 5 - 133 10-4
New cast iron 0.25 - 0.8 8 - 27 10-4
Worn cast iron 0.8 - 1.5 2.7 - 5 10-3
Rusty cast iron 1.5 - 2.5 5 - 8.3 10-3
Sheet or asphalted cast iron 0.01 - 0.015 3.33 - 5 10-5
Smoothed cement 0.3 1 10-3
Ordinary concrete 0.3 - 1 1 - 3.33 10-3
Coarse concrete 0.3 - 5 1 - 16.7 10-3
Well planed wood 0.18 - 0,9 6 - 30 10-4
Ordinary wood 5 16.7 10-3