ANALISIS BAURAN PEMASARAN RESTORAN PIZZA (STUDI KASUS DI PIZZA HUT, PADJAJARAN 29, BOGOR)

7/31/2019 ANALISIS BAURAN PEMASARAN RESTORAN PIZZA (STUDI KASUS DI PIZZA HUT, PADJAJARAN 29, BOGOR)

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MGMANUNU HMYXMG TIJMUMXMG XIUVCXMG TN[[M

(UVYFN OMUYU FN TN[[M @YV! TMFKMKMXMG 8>! HCBCX.

Cai`

AMJHCO JMXNM @YVMHMXMV

@86=48448

FITMXVIJIG JMGMKIJIG

LMOYAVMU IOCGCJN FMG JMGMKIJIG

NGUVNVYV TIXVMGNMG HCBCX

844


2/128

MHUVXMO

Amjhco Jmxnm @yvmhmxmv' @86=48448' Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg Xiuvcxmg

Tn{{m (Uvyfn Omuyu fn Tn{{m @yv! Tmfkmkmxmg 8>! Hcbcx.' Fn hmrm` hnjhngbmg

Mhfya Oc`mx Nxrmgvc

Oigfmam yvmjm ~mgb fn`mfmtn cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam`

vngbbng~m vngbomv tixumngbmg fmamj ngfyuvxn tigbmfmmg tmgbmg jiamayn xiuvcxmg

rmxmamhm! o`yuyug~m fn Ocvm Hcbcx' Tixumngbmg ~mgb fn`mfmtn vixyvmjm hixmuma

fmxn oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amngg~m ~mgb hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy

kmy` fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' Ocgfnun ngn jijhymv oijmjtymg

xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fmamj jixihyv tmgbum tmumx tixay fnvngbomvomg' Mfmtyg vykymg

fmxn tigianvnmg ngn mfmam`; (=. Jigbnfigvnlnomunomg lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb

jijtigbmxy`n oityvyumg hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg? (8. Jigigvyomg txncxnvmu

hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg? fmg (5. Jixiocjigfmunomg hmyxmg tijmumxmg

ygvyo fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg'

Fmvm ~mgb fnbygmomg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` fmvm txnjix fmg fmvm

uioygfix' Fmvm txnjix fntixcai` fmxn `muna rmrmgemxm fmg tigbnunmg oynuncgix

cai` xiutcgfig vixtnan` ~mgb vixfnxn fmxn tn`mo jmgmkijig fmg u`nlv aimfixxiuvcxmg tn{{m' Fmvm uioygfix fntixcai` fmxn fcoyjig hnugnu tixyum`mmg (hixytm

amtcxmg oiymgbmg! fmlvmx jigy! fmg uikmxm` tixyum`mmg. fmg ngvixgiv' Mgmanunu

jigbbygmomg Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M. figbmg hmgvymg txcbxmj Iptixv

E`cnei 8444 Vxnma \ixuncg uixvm txcbxmj Jnexcuclv Ipeia'

Tig~yuygmg `nxmxon hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vixfnxn fmxn `nxmxon hmyxmg

txcjcun! tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm! hmyxmg angn txcfyo! hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun! fmg

hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm' Lmovcx ~mgb tmangb tigvngb ygvyo fntixvnjhmgbomg

fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` unomt

ocguyjig! ~mnvy vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig hiximoun vix`mfmt txcfyo fmg

hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig jijtixcai` oitymumg momg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fmxn

txcfyo' Tignamnmg hchcv fmg txncxnvmu hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg jigygkyoomg

hm`rm txncxnvmu tixvmjm mfmam` hmyxmg txcfyo figbmg hchcv 4!6=00! txncxnvmuoifym mfmam` hmyxmg UFJ figbmg hchcv 4!5848! txncxnvmu oivnbm mfmam` hmyxmg

fnuvxnhyun figbmg hchcv 4!=8


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UOXNTUN

Uihmbmn umam` umvy u~mxmv ygvyo jijtixcai` biamx

UMXKMGM IOCGCJN

tmfm Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig

Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig

Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx

Cai`


@86=48448




844


4/128






UOXNTUN

Uihmbmn umam` umvy u~mxmv ygvyo jijtixcai` biamx

UMXKMGM IOCGCJN

tmfm Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig

Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig

Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx

Cai`


@86=48448

Jig~ivykyn! Kygn 844>

tigfnfnomg fn Uiocam` Amgkyvmg Vngbomv Tixvmjm Urmuvm Oiuyjm Ngfm`

Tmfmgbunfnjtymg fmg ayayu tmfm vm`yg =>>>' Oijyfnmg tigyanu jiamgkyvomg

tigfnfnomg fn Uiocam` Jigigbm` Yjyj Gibixn 8 Tmfmgbunfnjtymg fmg jmuyo

fmamj txcbxmj NTM tmfm vm`yg 844=' Uiamjm fn Uiocam` Jigigbm` Yjyjtigyanu movnl fmamj oibnmvmg iouvxmoyxnoyaix Tmuyomg Tigbnhmx Higfixm fmg

vixtnan` uihmbmn rmona fmxn fmixm` vngbomv NN Tmfmgbunfnjtymg ygvyo jigbnhmxomg

higfixm oi fmixm` vngbomv N txctngun Uyjmvixm Yvmxm' Tigyanu kybm tixgm` jigkmfn

kymxm NNN acjhm tnfmvc Hm`mum Ngbbxnu vngbomv UJY uifixmkmv ui*Ocvmjmf~m

Vmtmgyan Uiamvmg'

Tmfm vm`yg 8448! tigyanu fnvixnjm fn Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig! Lmoyavmu

Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig! Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx jiamayn kmayx Ygfmgbmg

Umxngbmg Jmuyo NTH (YUJN.' Uiamjm jigbnoyvn tixoyanm`mg! tigyanu jigkmfn

mgbbcvm movnl tmfm YOJ TJO (Tixuioyvymg Jm`munurm Oxnuvig. NTH! fmg

jigkmhmv uihmbmn occxfngmvcx Ocjnun Tiam~mgmg Mgmo tmfm vm`yg 8446#8449'

Umjhna oyanm`! tigyanu kybm hioixkm jigkmfn tmxv vnjix fn umam` umvy xiuvcxmg fn

Hcbcx uikmo Kygn 8449 umjtmn uiomxmgb'


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n|

OMVM TIGBMGVMX

Uibmam tykn fmg u~yoyx uigmgvnmum tigyanu tmgkmvomg oitmfm Vy`mg îuyu

~mgb uiamay hmno fmg tigy` omun` uivnm jig~ixvmn tigyanu fmamj jiamoyomg

tigianvnmg! ui`ngbbm fmtmv jig~iaiumnomg uoxntun ~mgb hixkyfya Mgmanunu Hmyxmg

Tijmumxmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m (Uvyfn Omuyu fn Tn{{m @yv! Tmfkmkmxmg 8>! Hcbcx. ngn

figbmg hmno' Uoxntun ngn fnvyanu uihmbmn u~mxmv ygvyo jijtixcai` biamx Umxkmgm

Iocgcjn tmfm Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig! Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig!

Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx'

Tigyanu hmg~mo jijtixcai` hmgvymg fmg fyoygbmg fmxn hixhmbmn tn`mo

fmamj tig~yuygmg uoxntun ngn' Cai` omxigm nvy! tigyanu jigbyemtomg vixnjm omun`

~mgb uihiumx*hiumxg~m oitmfm ;

=' Hmtmo fmg Jmjm ~mgb vixyu jijhixn uijmgbmv airmv fyoygbmg! omunùm~mgb! fcm fmg jmvixn! kybm Mhmgb @iuvcg fmg Mfno Kcgmv`mg ~mgb uiamay

jig~ijmgbmvn! uixvm fyoygbmg fmxn uiayxy` oiaymxbm'

8' Fx' Nx' Mhfya Oc`mx Nxrmgvc! JUe uihmbmn fcuig tijhnjhngb ~mgb viam`hmg~mo jiaymgbomg rmovy ygvyo jijhixnomg tix`mvnmg! hnjhngbmg! umxmg!

mxm`mg fmg jcvn|mun hmbn tigyanu'

5' Nx' Hyfn Tyxrmgvc! JI fmg Ixang Vxnu~yanmgvn! U'VT'! J'Un mvmuoihixuifnmmgg~m ygvyo jiaymgbomg rmovy uihmbmn fcuig tigbykn'

6' Uiayxy` uvml fmg omx~mrmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg 8> Hcbcx ~mgbhixuifnm jiaymgbomg rmovy ygvyo jijhixnomg nglcxjmun ~mgb fnhyvyòmg

hmbn tigianvnmg ngn'

9' Uiayxy` uvml tigbmkmx fmg vmvm yum`m fn Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig LIJ NTH'


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FMLVMX NUN

@mamjmg

MHUVXMO

XNRM^MV @NFYT ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' nnn

OMVM TIGBMGVMX ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' n|

FMLVMX NUN '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' |

FMLVMX VMHIA ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' |nn

FMLVMX BMJHMX ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' |nnn

FMLVMX AMJTNXMG ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' np

N' TIGFM@YAYMG ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =

='=' Amvmx Hiamomgb '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =

='8' Tixyjyumg Jmumam` '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8='5' Vykymg Tigianvnmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5

='6' Jmglmmv Tigianvnmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5

='9' Xymgb Angboyt Tigianvnmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5

NN' VNGKMYMG TYUVMOM '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6

8'=' Ocguit Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6

8'8' Kmum '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9

8'5' Angboygbmg Tixyum`mmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

6'8'9' Txcfyovn|nvmu fmg Oymanvmu (Txcfyevn|nv~ mgf ]ymanv~. '''''''' 54

6'8'

6'6' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Kmy` ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 64

6'6'=' Angboygbmg Ucunma Hyfm~m ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 64

6'6'8' Angboygbmg Iocgcjn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6=

6'6'5' Angboygbmg Mamj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 68

6'6'6' Angboygbmg Viogcacbn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 68

6'6'9' Angboygbmg Tcanvno fmg @yoyj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 68

6'9' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 656'9'=' Mutio @mjhmvmg Jmuyo '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 65

6'9'8' Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijmuco ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 65

6'9'5' Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijhian ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 66

6'9'6' Mutio Oivixuifnmmg Hmxmgb Uyhuvnvyun '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 66

6'9'9' Mutio Tixumngbmg fmamj Ngfyuvxn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 69

6'

6'0' Mgmanunu Txncxnvmu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


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|nn

FMLVMX VMHIA

Gc' @mamjmg

=' Gnamn Uomam Hmgfngb Hixtmumgbmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =0

8' Gnamn Ngfiou Memo (XN. Jmvxnou Hixcxfi 8 u'f' =4 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8=

5' Tijhmbnmg u`nlvoixkm omx~mrmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg '''''''''''''' 52

6' Tixuigvmui Tixyhm`mg Gnamn Tigkymamg Hixun` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Tmfkmkmxmg Hcbcx! vm`yg 844=*8449 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 50

9' Kyjam` Xyjm` Vmgbbm! Tigfyfyo! fmg Aymu Rnam~m` (oj8. fn Ocvm

Hcbcx! Vm`yg 8446 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 64


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|nnn

FMLVMX BMJHMX

Gc' @mamjmg

=' Oixmgbom tijnonxmg tigianvnmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =8

8' Mayx tnonx tigianvnmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =5

5' Jcfia uvxyovyx `nxmxon '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' =06' Figbmg omvm amng Tn{{m @yv mfmam` tiactcx

`mfnxg~m xiuvcxmg figbmg `nfmgbmg mungb hixytm tn{{m fn Ngfcgiunm omxigm jian`mv

tiaymgb tmumx |mxnmun jmomgmg mavixgmvnl ~mgb umgbmv hiumx' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn

Ngfcgiunm vixg~mvm hibnvy eitmv hixoijhmgb! hm`omg hixoijhmgb aihn` tiumvfnhmgfngbomg figbmg Tn{{m @yv fn hihixmtm gibmxm'

Ummv ngn kyjam` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm uyfm` jigemtmn =89 xiuvcxmg

~mgb vixuihmx fn 88 txctngun' Hnugnu ngn jijhixnomg ocgvxnhyun ~mgb eyoyt hiumx

fmamj jig~ifnmomg amtmgbmg tioixkmmg ygvyo jmu~mxmomv! fnjmgm viam`

jigmjtygb uionvmx 9444 vigmbm oixkm tmfm vm`yg 8449 fmg fnvmxbivomg momg

jigixnjm uionvmx uixnhy vigmbm oixkm uivnmt vm`ygg~m jiamayn tijhyommg xiuvcxmg

hmxy'

Fn Hcbcx! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv kybm hix`muna jijtixcai` tix`mvnmg fmxn

ocguyjig fmg tixvmjm oman fnhyom tmfm vm`yg =>>8 ~mgb hixacomun fn Ngvixgyum

Tam{m' Omxigm jigbmamjn oihmomxmg tmfm vm`yg =>>9! jmom fnfnxnomg xiuvcxmg

~mgb oifym fn Ka' Xm~m Tmfkmkmxmg 8>' Oijyfnmg fnfnxnomg fym xiuvcxmg ambn

omxigm tixoijhmgbmgg~m eyoyt tiumv! ~mgb hixacomun fn fmixm` Tmfkmkmxmg

Rmxygb Kmjhy fmg fn fmixm` Enjmgbby' Figbmg fijnonmg! ummv ngn vixfmtmv vnbm

xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ocvm Hcbcx fmg jigmjtygb uionvmx =94 vigmbm oixkm'

Gmjyg! tixoijhmgbmg fmamj ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg uitixvn xiuvcxmg

Tn{{m @yv uijmong hixoijhmgb' @ma ngn fmtmv vixan`mv fmxn `mfnxg~m uikyjam`

xiuvcxmg hmxy jmomgmg kignu tn{{m' Oi`mfnxmg xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg tn{{m ~mgb hmxy

ngn jigkmfn uymvy vmgvmgbmg hmbn Tn{{m @yv ygvyo jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg

hixumngb uixvm jijtixaymu tmgbum tmumxg~m' Uiamng ygvyo jigb`mfmtn tiumngb

fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m uikignu! Tn{{m @yv kybm tixay jigb`mfmtn tixumngbmg ~mgb


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8

uijmong oivmv fmamj ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg fmxn hixhmbmn kignu xiuvcxmg

rmxmamhm amng figbmg txcfyo ~mgb hixhifm*hifm' Tn{{m @yv jijixayomg uvxmvibn

tijmumxmg vixhmno ygvyo jijtixvm`mgomg fmg jigngbomvomg yum`mg~m' Cai`

omxigm nvy! fntixayomg uymvy uvyfn ~mgb jmjty jijtiamkmxn fmg jigbmgmanunu

hmyxmg tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m fmamj uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

ygvyo jigb`munaomg hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb iliovnl ygvyo fnvixmtomg cai`

Tn{{m @yv fmamj jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m'

='8' Tixyjyumg Jmumam`

Hixoijhmgbg~m ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg fn Ngfcgiunm jijhixnomg

fmjtmo tcunvnl hmbn tigngbomvmg oiuijtmvmg oixkm' Gmjyg! tixoijhmgbmg ngn

jignjhyaomg uijmong oivmvg~m tixumngbmg fmamj jixihyv tmumx ocguyjig'

Tiumngb tmfm ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg fn Hcbcx jyamn hixjygeyamg! uixvm

jigixmtomg unuvij rmxmamhm umjm uitixvn Tn{{m @yv' Rmamytyg figbmg unuvij

rmxmamhm vnfmoam` jyfm` ygvyo jijhmgbyg xiuvcxmg hmxy! gmjyg hmg~mo

xiuvcxmg hmxy ~mgb hixjygeyamg fn Hcbcx fmg jigmxno tix`mvnmg ~mgb hiumx fmxn

tmxm ocguyjig' Ygvyo nvy! Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn hmbnmg fmxn hnugnu ngfyuvxn

tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg jijixayomg tigianvnmg fmg tigbijhmgbmg ~mgb knvy vigvmgb

hmbmnjmgm emxmg~m jigbmvyx hmyxmg tijmumxmg vixhmno ygvyo jijtixvm`mgomg

fmg jigngbomvomg yum`mg~m fmamj noanj tixumngbmg ~mgb uijmong vngbbn ummv ngn'

Figbmg mfmg~m lmovm fn mvmu jmom fmtmv fnxyjyuomg tixjmumam`mg ~mgb

vnjhya mfmam` uihmbmn hixnoyv;

=' Hmbmnjmgm oibnmvmg tijmumxmg ~mgb fnamoyomg tixyum`mmg3

8' Lmovcx*lmovcx mtm umkm ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n tig~yuygmg hmyxmg tijmumxmg

tixyum`mmg3

5' Hmbmnjmgm hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb vitmv ygvyo fnvixmtomg fn

tixyum`mmg3


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5

='5' Vykymg Tigianvnmg

Mfmtyg vykymg fmxn tigianvnmg ngn mfmam`;

=' Jigbnfigvnlnomunomg lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n oityvyumg hmyxmg

tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg'

8' Jigigvyomg txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg'

5' Jixiocjigfmunomg hmyxmg tijmumxmg ygvyo fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg'

='6' Jmglmmv Tigianvnmg@muna fmxn tigianvnmg ngn fn`mxmtomg hnum jijhixnomg jmglmmv ~mgb hixmxvn

hmbn tn`mo*tn`mo ~mgb jijixayomgg~m! mgvmxm amng ;

=' Hmbn tigyanu ygvyo jigmjhm` rmrmumg fmamj hnfmgb tijmumxmg fmg

jigentvmomg oijmjtymg fmamj jijnan` txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg'

8' Hmbn tixyum`mmg uihmbmn jmuyomg fmg xiocjigfmun ~mgb hnum

fntixvnjhmgbomg ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg tixyum`mmg

5' Hmbn tijhmem uihmbmn hm`mg omknmg jigbigmn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg fmg

uihmbmn xykyomg hmbn tigianvnmg uiamgkyvg~m'

='9' Xymgb Angboyt TigianvnmgTigbomknmg fnamoyomg figbmg jigbmgmanunu hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg!

lmovcx*lmovcx iouvixgma fmg lmovcx*lmovcx ngvixgma tixyum`mmg' Airmv mgmanunu

vix`mfmt hmyxmg tijmumxmg fmg angboygbmg tixyum`mmg fntixcai` lmovcx*lmovcx

tig~yuyg `nxmxon ~mgb uiamgkyvg~m fnmgmanunu figbmg jigbbygmomg jivcfi Txcuiu

@nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M.'


15/128

6

NN' VNGKMYMG TYUVMOM

8'=' Ocguit Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg

Ocvaix (=>>2. jigfilngnunomg tijmumxmg uihmbmn uymvy txcuiu ucunma fmg

jmgmkixnma fnjmgm ngfn|nfy fmg oiacjtco jigfmtmvomg mtm ~mgb jixiom

hyvy`omg fmg ngbngomg figbmg jigentvmomg! jigmrmxomg! fmg jijtixvyomxomg

txcfyo ~mgb hixgnamn figbmg tn`mo amng' Ocguit tijmumxmg jigyxyv Ocvaix (=>>2.

jig~mvmomg hm`rm oygen ygvyo jixmn` vykymg cxbmgnumun mfmam` jigkmfn aihn`

iliovnl fmxntmfm tmxm tiumngb fmamj jijmfyomg oibnmvmg tijmumxmg bygm

jigivmtomg fmg jijymuomg oihyvy`mg fmg oingbngmg tmumx umumxmg' Ocguit ngn

hixumgfmx tmfm ijtmv tnamx! ~mnvy tmumx umumxmg! oihyvy`mg tiamgbbmg! tijmumxmg

vixtmfy! fmg txclnvmhnanvmu'Tijmumxmg jixytmomg umam` umvy fmxn oibnmvmg*oibnmvmg tcoco ~mgb

fnamoyomg cai` tmxm tigbyum`m fmamj yum`mg~m ygvyo jijtixvm`mgomg

oiamgbuygbmg `nfytg~m! ygvyo hixoijhmgb! fmg jigfmtmvomg amhm' Hix`muna

vnfmog~m fmamj tigemtmnmg vykymg hnugnu vixbmgvygb tmfm oim`anmg jixiom fn

hnfmgb tijmumxmg! oiymgbmg! jmytyg hnfmgb ~mgb amng' Uiamng nvy kybm vixbmgvygb

tmfm oijmjtymg jixiom ygvyo jigbocjhngmunomg lygbun*lygbun vixuihyv mbmx

cxbmgnumun fmtmv hixkmamg amgemx (Amrxigei fmg Bayieo!=>>9.'

Jigyxyv Jmxxyu fmamj Yjmx (844=.! uvxmvibn fnfilngnunomg uihmbmn uymvy

txcuiu tigigvymg xigemgm tmxm tijnjtng tygemo ~mgb hixlcoyu tmfm vykymg

kmgbom tmgkmgb cxbmgnumun! fnuixvmn tig~yuygmg uymvy emxm mvmy ytm~m hmbmnjmgm

uytm~m vykymg vixuihyv fmtmv vixemtmn' Uifmgbomg Txm`mamv fmamj Yjmx (844=.

jigbmvmomg hm`rm uvxmvibn jixytmomg vngfmomg ~mgb hixunlmv ngexijigvma

(uigmgvnmum jigngbomv. fmg vixyu jigixyu! uixvm fnamoyomg hixfmumxomg uyfyv

tmgfmgb vigvmgb mtm ~mgb fn`mxmtomg cai` tmxm tiamgbbmg fn jmum fitmg'

Ocvaix (=>>2. jigbijyomomg hm`rm uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vixfnxn fmxn txngunt*

txngunt fmumx ~mgb jiamgfmun jmgmkijig ygvyo jigemtmn vykymg hnugnu fmg

tixjmumam`mgg~m fmamj uihym` tmumx umumxmg! hmyxmg tijmumxmg! fmg macomun

tijmumxmg' Tixigemgmmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vnfmo `mg~m fnvngkmy fmxn lmovcx ~mgb

fmtmv fnoigfmanomg umkm! vivmtn tixay fnanhmvomg lmovcx ~mgb vnfmo fmtmv

fnoigfmanomg (@ixngfmkmgvc! =>>9.'


16/128

9

Hmyxmg tijmumxmg kmum fnoijmu fmamj uymvy jcfia 0T cai` Ac|iaceo fmg

Rxnb`v' Jcfia 0T jmgmkijig kmum vixtmfy (Ac|iaceo fmg Rxnb`v! 8449. vixfnxn

fmxn;

=' Iaijig txcfyo (txcfyev.; uijym ocjtcgig ongixkm kmum ~mgb jigentvmomg

gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg'

8' Vijtmv fmg rmovy (tamei mgf vnji.; oityvyumg jmgmkijig vigvmgb omtmg!

fnjmgm! fmg hmbmnjmgm jig~mjtmnomg kmum oitmfm tiamgbbmg'

5' Txcuiu (txceiuu.; jivcfi tigbctixmunmg mvmy uixmgbomnmg vngfmomg vixvigvy

~mgb yjyjg~m hixytm amgbom`*amgbom` ~mgb fntixayomg fmamj uymvy yxyvmg

~mgb viam` fnvixmtomg'

6' Txcfyovn|nvmu (txcfyevn|nv~.; uihixmtm ilnunig tixyhm`mg ngtyv kmum jigkmfn

cytyv ~mgb jigmjhm` gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg'9' Cxmgb (tictai.; omx~mrmg ~mgb vixanhmv fmamj txcuiu txcfyoun'

>>.' Kmum jijtyg~mn

omxmovixnuvno vixuigfnxn ~mgb jijhifmomgg~m figbmg hmxmgb (Vkntvcgc! 8444.!

~mnvy ;

=' Ngvmgbnhnanv~Kmum hixunlmv ngvmgbnhai! mxvng~m vnfmo fmtmv fnan`mv! fnxmum! fnxmhm! fnenyj! mvmy

fnfigbmx uihiayj fnhian' Ocguit ngvmgbnhai ngn uigfnxn jijnanon fym

tigbixvnmg ;


17/128

8'>=.'

Jiamayn yxmnmg fn mvmu jmom tixay mfmg~m uymvy unuvij tigfyoygb oityvyumg

tijmumxmg' Txcuiu tigbmjhnamg oityvyumg tmfm fmumxg~m mfmam` ygvyo jijnan`

uymvy mavixgmvnl fmxn uionmg hmg~mo mavixgmvnl hixfmumxomg uikyjam` oxnvixnm fmxnuymvy tixjmumam`mg' Umam` umvy jivcfi ~mgb fmtmv fnbygmomg ygvyo tigbmjhnamg

oityvyumg fmamj hnfmgb tijmumxmg ~mgb hixunlmv ocjtaiou mfmam` Txcuiu @nxmxon

Mgmanvno (T@M. mvmyMgma~v~ema @nixmxe`~ Txceiuu (M@T.' T@M mfmam` umam` umvy

jivcfi ~mgb fmtmv fntmomn cai` tigbmjhna oityvyumg ygvyo hnum jijm`mjn

ocgfnun uymvy unuvij fmg jijhmgvy fn fmamj jiamoyomg txifnoun fmg

tigbmjhnamg oityvyumg'

Jivcfi Txcuiu @nxmxon (T@M. tixvmjm oman fnoijhmgbomg cai` V`cjmu A'

Ummv~! m`an Jmvijmvnom fmxn Ygn|ixunv~ cl Tnvvuhyxb! Mjixnom Uixnomv! tmfm mrma

vm`yg =>24*mg' T@M jijtixhmnon txcuiu mamjn jmgyunm fmamj hixvngbom` amoy

fmg hixtnonx figbmg jijtixeitmv txcuiu hixtnonx fmg jiaymuomg oiumfmxmg mbmx

jigemoyt aihn` hmg~mo lmovcx fmxn tmfm ~mgb hnmum fntixvnjhmgbomg' Ygvyo

jigbnfigvnlnomun tixucmamg ~mgb oxnvnu! jigfilngnunomg fmg jigijyomg uixvm

jig~iaiumnomg ocglano fmamj T@M fntixayomg nglcxjmun fmg hihixmtm

tixvnjhmgbmg fmxn hihixmtm tiuixvm fmamj txcuiu vixuihyv' Jiamayn uixigvivmg

oixkm unuvijmvnu T@M jigungviunu tignamnmg*tignamnmg jixiom jigkmfn uymvy

vmounxmg jig~iayxy` fmxn txncxnvmu*txncxnvmu xiamvnl hixhmbmn mavixgmvnl vngfmomg'

Oijyfnmg txncxnvmu*txncxnvmu ~mgb fn`munaomg vixuihyv momg jigkmfn umvymg fmumx

~mgb momg fnbygmomg fmamj uijym kignu mgmanunu'

Jivcfi T@M jixytmomg uymvy jivcfi ~mgb ayriu ~mgb jijhixnomg

oiuijtmvmg hmbn tixcxmgbmg mvmy oiacjtco ygvyo jijhmgbyg bmbmumg*bmbmumg


21/128

=4

fmg jigfilngnunomg tixucmamg figbmg emxm jijhymv muyjun jixiom jmungb*

jmungb fmg jijtixcai` tijiem`mg ~mgb fnngbngomg fmxng~m (Ummv~! =>>5.' T@M

jijmuyoomg tixvnjhmgbmg fmg gnamn*gnamn txnhmfn uiemxm acbnu ~mgb hixbmgvygb

tmfm njmkngmun! tigbmamjmg fmg tigbivm`ymg ygvyo jig~yuyg `nxmxon uymvy

jmumam` kybm tmfm ngvynun uixvm tigbmamjmg uiemxm acbnom'

Uiemxm xngen! tigbomknmg jmumam` figbmg jivcfi T@M fmtmv fnjyamn fmxn

tigfilngnunmg unvymun ~mgb mfm uiemxm uioumjm fmg jigbyjtyaomg fmvm ~mgb

xiai|mg figbmg tixjmumam`mg! oijyfnmg jig~yuygg~m oi fmamj uymvy `nxmxon'

Vngbomv vixvngbbn fmamj `nxmxon mfmam` umumxmg jig~iayxy`! uifmgbomg vngbomv

vixigfm` vixfnxn fmxn hixhmbmn vngfmomg mo`nx mvmy xigemgm mavixgmvnl ~mgb fmtmv

hixocgvxnhyun uiemxm gibmvnl mvmy tcunvnl' Jivcfi T@M ngn jijmuyoomg mutio

oymanvmvnl fmg oymgvnvmvnl tnonxmg jmgyunm' Mutio oymanvmvnl jigfilngnunomgtixucmamg fmg `nxmxong~m! fmg mutio oymgvnvmvnl jigbioutxiunomg tignamnmg fmg

txilixigun uiemxm aybmu fmg tmfmv'

Jivcfi T@M ngn fmtmv fnbygmomg vmgtm fmvmhmui! mumaomg tmxm mgmanu

jijm`mjn fmg jigbymumn uiemxm jigfmamj tixjmmumam`mg ~mgb momg

fntiem`omg' Fmvm tigixmtmg jivcfi T@M ~mgb fnyvmjmomg mfmam` oymanvmu fmxn

xiutcgfig! vnfmo vixbmgvygb tmfm oymgvnvmu vixvigvy' Uiamgkyvg~m fntixayomg

jivcfi tigigvymg hchcv hmbn iaijig fn umvy ai|ia ~mgb gmgvng~m momg

jijtigbmxy`n hchcv tmfm ai|ia fnhmrm`g~m ui`ngbbm mo`nxg~m hnum fnbygmomg

ygvyo jigb`nvygb hchcv tmfm ai|ia vixuihyv ygvyo tignamnmg vykymg oiuiayxy`mg'

Mfm vnbm txngunt fmumx Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (Ummv~! =>>5.! ~mnvy;

=' Txngunt jig~yuyg `nxmxon' Fmamj jig~yuyg `nxmxon! tixyum`mmg hixyum`m

ygvyo jigbbmjhmxomg fmg jigbyxmnomg tixjmumam`mg mvmy ximanvm uiemxm

`nxmxon' Tixucmamg ~mgb ocjtaiou fntiem`omg jigkmfn yguyx*yguyx ~mgb

vixtnum`'

8' Txngunt jigivmtomg txncxnvmu' Tigivmtmg txncxnvmu ~mgb fnjmouyf mfmam`

jigigvyomg tixngbomv iaijig*iaijig jigyxyv xiamvnl tigvngbg~m'

5' Txngunt ocgunuvigun acbnu' Ocgunuvigun acbnu mfmam` jigkmjng hm`rm uijym

iaijig fnoiacjtcoomg uiemxm acbnu fmg fntixngbomvomg uiemxm ocgunuvig

uiuymn figbmg oxnvixnm ~mgb acbnu'


22/128

==

NNN' JIVCFCACBN TIGIANVNMG

5'=' Oixmgbom Tijnonxmg Ocguitvyma

Tiamoumgmmg tigianvnmg ngn fnmrman figbmg jigbivm`yn |nun fmg jnun Tn{{m

@yv uihmbmn xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm' Oijyfnmg tigianvnmg fnamgkyvomg figbmg

jigbnfigvnlnomun oibnmvmg tijmumxmg ~mgb uifmgb fnkmamgomg cai` Tn{{m @yv'

Mgmanunu angboygbmg iouvixgma fmg angboygbmg ngvixgma kybm fnamoyomg ygvyo

jigbivm`yn jmumam`*jmumam` ~mgb mfm! jigfilngnunomg jmumam`! fmg jixngen

tijiem`mg jmumam` ~mgb fnngbngomg' Oijyfnmg fnamoyomg tig~yuygmg `nxmxon!

fnamgkyvomg figbmg tigivmtmg txncxnvmu! uiamgkyvg~m fnvigvyomg ocgunuvigun

acbnug~m' Uiviam` nvy Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno fnamoyomg ygvyo jigbmgmanunu hmyxmg

tijmumxmg Tn{{m @yv! ui`ngbbm oijyfnmg hnum fntixcai` hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgbtmangb iliovnl ygvyo fnxiocjigfmunomg hmbn tigbijhmgbmg Tn{{m @yv' Ygvyo

aihn` kiamug~m! mayx tigianvnmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx ='

Mayx tijnonxmg acbnu jigbigmn tiamoumgmmg tigianvnmg ngn uiemxm oiuiayxy`mg

jyamn fmxn ocgfnun tixyum`mmg ~mgb jiamvmxhiamomgbn tigianvnmg uixvm lmovcx*lmovcx

~mgb jijtigbmxy`ng~m! vm`mt tigbngtyvmg fmvm! vm`mt tigbcam`mg fmvm! cyvtyv

~mgb fn`munaomg! umjtmn oitmfm ocgfnun ~mgb fn`mxmtomg hmbn tixyum`mmg fmtmv

fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx 8'


23/128

=8

Bmjhmx = ' Oixmgbom tijnonxmg tigianvnmg

TN[[M @YV

\nun fmg Jnun

Oibnmvmg Tijmumxmg

Mgmanunu angboygbmg Iouvixgma ;

Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn jiantyvn ;`mjhmvmg jmuyo? tijmuco? tijhian?hmxmgb uyhuvnvyun'

Angboygbmg Kmy` jiantyvn ;

mutio iocgcjn? mutio tcanvno? mutioviogcacbn? mutio fijcbxmln fmg ucunma'

Mgmanunu angboygbmg Ngvixgma ;

Uyjhix fm~m fmg omx~mrmgOiymgbmg Tixyum`mmg

Uibjigvmun Tmumx

Fiamtmg ocjtcgig jmgmkijig kmum(txcfyo! vijtmv fmg rmovy! txcuiu!

txcfyovn|nvmu fmg oymanvmu! cxmgb!txcjcun fmg ifyomun! hyovn lnuno! `mxbmfmg hnm~m kmum amngg~m.'

Tig~yuygmg

@nxmxon

Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno

Tigivmtmg

Txncxnvmu

Ocgunuvigun

Acbnu

Xiocjigfmun Hmyxmg

Tijmumxmg

Oxnvixnm Hmyxmg

Tijmumxmg


24/128

CYVTYVNGTYV

Rmrmgemxm #oynuncgix

Liifhmeo

M@T

Angboygbmg!Oihnkmomg

tijixngvm`'

Tmxmjivix ocgvxca;

Oihnkmomg jmgmkijigtixyum`mmg'

Tixmvyxmg tijixngvm`'

@munatignamnmg

tmxm tmomxvigvmgbhmyxmguvxmvibn

tijmumxmgtixyum`mmg'

Ocgfnun tixyum`mmgummv ngn; Tixumngbmg

ngfyuvxn tmgbmg ~mgb

uijmong jigngbomvfmamj jijtixcai`

tmgbum tmumx'

Lmovcx hixtigbmxy`~mgb vnfmo fmtmvfnoigfmanomg; Higemgm mamj Tixumngbmg yum`m Uvmhnanvmu iocgcjn

fmg tcanvno

Unomt ocguyjig

Hchcv fmgtxncxnvmuhmyxmg

tijmumxmg~mgb hnum

fnbygmomgcai`

tixyum`m*mg'

Cyvtyv ~mgbfnoi`igfmon

Vixkmfntmfm t

Omam` f

Cyvtyv ~mgb fnoi

Tigngbomvmg

tixuigvmui t Ac~manvmu oc

Rcxf cljigbygvygb

Hchtxh

tij

~tct

Bmjhmx 8' Mayx tnonx tigianvnmg


25/128

=6

5'8' Kignu fmg Uyjhix Fmvm

Jigyxyv kignug~m! fmvm ~mgb fnbygmomg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` fmvm

uyh~io (Uial*Xitcxv Fmvm. fmg fmvm fcoyjigvix (Fceyjigvmx~ Fmvm.' Fmvm

uyh~io jixytmomg kignu fmvm tigianvnmg ~mgb hixytm ctngn! unomt! tigbmamjmg

mvmy omxmovixnuvno fmxn uiuicxmgb mvmy uioiacjtco cxmgb ~mgb jigkmfn uyh~io

tigianvnmg (xiutcgfig.' Fmvm uyh~io fmtmv fnoamunlnomunomg hixfmumxomg higvyo

vmgbbmtmg mvmy xiutcg ~mgb fnhixnomg! ~mnvy anumg (|ixhma.! vixvyanu! fmg ioutxiun'

Xiutcg |ixhma fnhixnomg uihmbmn vmgbbmtmg mvmu tixvmg~mmg fmamj rmrmgemxm'

Xiutcg vixvyanu fnhixnomg uihmbmn vmgbbmtmg mvmu oyiuncgix! uifmgbomg xiutcg

ioutxiun fntixcai` fmxn txcuiu chuix|mun' Fmvm fcoyjigvix mfmam` kignu fmvm

tigianvnmg ~mgb hixytm lmovyx! kyxgma! uyxmv*uyxmv! gcvyaig `muna xmtmv! jijc mvmy

fmamj higvyo amtcxmg txcbxmj' Fmvm fcoyjigvix jijymv mtm fmg omtmg uymvyoikmfnmg! uixvm unmtm ~mgb vixanhmv fmamj oikmfnmg nvy'

Jigyxyv uyjhixg~m! fmvm ~mgb fnbygmomg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` fmvm

txnjix fmg fmvm uioygfix' Fmvm txnjix fntixcai` jiamayn tigbmjmvmg amgbuygb fn

amtmgbmg! rmrmgemxm amgbuygb figbmg xiutcgfig! fmg tigbnunmg oynuncgix cai`

xiutcgfig' Fmvm uioygfix mfmam` fmvm yjyj ~mgb jigfyoygb tigianvnmg ~mgb

hixmuma fmxn ngvixgma jmytyg iouvixgma tixyum`mmg' Tigbyjtyamg fnamoyomg

figbmg jigemxn nglcxjmun amtcxmg tixyum`mmg! mxunt*mxunt tixyum`mmg! uixvm

uyjhix*uyjhix amngg~m ~mgb xiai|mg'

Ygvyo tigianvnmg ngn kybm fntixayomg fmvm*fmvm hixnoyv ngn ;

m. Fmvm ngvixgma tixyum`mmg hixytm |nun! jnun! ecjtmg~ txclnai! uvxmvibn

tijmumxmg! fmg ctixmuncgma tixyum`mmg'

h. Fmvm iouvixgma tixyum`mmg hixytm ocgfnun tixumngbmg ~mgb fn`mfmtn cai`

tixyum`mmg'

5'5' Jivcfi Tigbyjtyamg Fmvm

Fmvm ~mgb fnhyvy`omg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn fnoyjtyaomg jiamayn vm`mt*vm`mt

hixnoyv ;

=' Rmrmgemxm jigfmamj (ngfitv` ngvix|nir. ~mgb fnamoyomg vix`mfmt

xiutcgfig! ~mogn tn`mo jmgmkijig xiuvcxmg fmg u`nlv aimfix figbmg

jigmg~momg `ma*`ma ~mgb vixomnv figbmg vykymg tigianvnmg' Tijnan`mg


26/128

=9

xiutcgfig fnamoyomg uiemxm uigbmkm (tyxtcun|i. figbmg jijtixvnjhmgbomg

lmovcx tijm`mjmg jigbigmn uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fmg hiumxg~m tixmgmg tmxm

xiutcgfig ~mgb fntnan` fmamj tiamoumgmmg oibnmvmg fmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg

tixyum`mmg vixuihyv'

8' Tijhixnmg oynuncgix oitmfm xiutcgfig vixtnan` ygvyo jijtixcai` fmvm ~mgb

momg fnbygmomg ygvyo jigbnun jmvxnou tixhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg ygvyo

oitixaymg tigbcam`mg T@M' Fiamtmg cxmgb xiutcgfig vixtnan` tmfm tigianvnmg

ngn mfmam` XJ (Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! fym cxmgb MXJ

(Muunuvmgv Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! vnbm cxmgb UA (U`nlv

Aimfix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! Jmgvmg MXJ Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! fmg XJ

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P (tijhmgfngb.'

5' Uvyfn anvixmvyx figbmg jijmglmmvomg hixhmbmn amtcxmg fmg hyoy*hyoytigygkmgb ~mgb xiai|mg'

6' Chuix|mun vix`mfmt uiayxy` oibnmvmg tijmumxmg'

5'6' Jivcfi Tigbcam`mg fmg Mgmanunu Fmvm

Tmfm tigianvnmg ngn! fmvm ~mgb viam` vixoyjtya fmamj vm`mt tigbyjtyamg fmvm

fncam` figbmg jigbbygmomg viogno Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M.' Tigbcam`mg

fmvm figbmg viogno T@M fnhmgvy figbmg jigbbygmomg txcbxmj ocjtyvixIptixv

E`cnei 8444 Vxnma \ixuncg fmg tix`nvygbmg figbmg txcbxmjJnexcuclv Ipeia'

Oixmgbom oixkm T@M vixfnxn fmxn fiamtmg amgbom` yvmjm (Ummv~!

=>>5.!figbmg tigkiamumg fmxn uivnmt amgbom` mfmam` uihmbmn hixnoyv ;

=' Jigfilngnunomg tixucmamg fmg jixngen tijiem`mg tixucmamg ~mgb fnngbngomg'

@ma ~mgb tixay fntix`mvnomg fmamj amgbom` ngn mfmam` tigbymummg jmumam`

uiemxm jigfmamj! omxigm ~mgb jigkmfn tix`mvnmg mfmam` tijnan`mg vykymg!

oxnvixnm! fmg iaijig*iaijig ~mgb jig~yuyg uvxyovyx `nxmxon' Ocjtcgig*

ocjtcgig unuvij fmtmv fnnfigvnlnomunomg hixfmumxomg oijmjtymg tmfm

mgmanum ygvyo jigigvyomg yguyx*yguyx ~mgb fmtmv fnanhmvomg fmamj uymvy

unuvij'

8' Jijhymv uvxyovyx `nxmxon fmxn uyfyv tmgfmgb jmgmkijig uiemxm jig~iayxy`'

@nxmxon jixytmomg mhuvxmoun uvxyovyx uymvy unuvij ~mgb jijtiamkmxn lygbun

ngvixmoun mgvmx ocjtcgig fmg fmjtmog~m vix`mfmt unuvij' Mhuvxmoun ngn


27/128

= Umvy iaijig jyvamo aihn`tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig~mgb amngg~m'

Hyovn ~mgb jig~cocgb iaijig ~mgb umvy mvmu~mgb amngg~m jijnanon vngbomv tigibmumg ~mgbvixvngbbn ~mgb jygbong jigbymvomg'

8! 6!

tixvnjhmgbmg ~mgbhixfiomvmg'

Ocjtxcjn fntix`mvnomg fn mgvmxm fym

tixvnjhmgbmg'

Oihmanomg Knom ygvyo movn|nvmu n jigfmtmv umvy mgbom hnam fnhmgfngbomg figbmgmovn|nvmu k! jmom k jijnanon gnamn oihmanomgg~m hnam fnhmgfngbomg figbmg n'

Uyjhix ; Ummv~! =>>5'


30/128

=>

Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Bmhygbmg mfmam` uyuygmg jmvxnou hmxy ~mgb iaijig (bnk.

hixmuma fmxn xmvm*xmvm bicjivxno tigfmtmv*tigfmtmv ngfn|nfy ~mgb xmunc

ngocgunuvigung~m aihn` oiena mvmy umjm figbmg =4)! fmg uivnmt iaijig tmfm

hmxnu fmg ocacj ~mgb umjm fmxn JTN ~mgb umvy figbmg JTN ~mgb amng vnfmo

vixkmfn ocglano' Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Bmhygbmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx 9'

P B= B8 B5 ''' Bg

B= b== b=8 b=5 ''' B=g

B8 b8= b88 b85 ''' B8g

B5 b5= b58 b55 ''' B5g

''' ''' ''' ''' ''' '''

Bg bg= bg8 bg5 ''' bgg

Bmjhmx 9' Jmvxnou tigfmtmv bmhygbmg

Xyjyu jmvijmvnom ~mgb fnbygmomg ygvyo jijtixcai` xmvm*xmvm bicjivxno

mfmam` ;j

j

=o

onknk .m(b :

: '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(=.

fnjmgm; nkb : iaijig JTB hmxnu oi*n ocacj oi*k

nkm : iaijig hmxnu oi*n ocacj oi*k fmxn JTN oi*o

j : kyjam` JTN ~mgb jijigy`n tixu~mxmvmg

:

j

=o

: tixomanmg fmxn iaijig o : = umjtmn o : j

j : momx tmgbomv j

Tixu~mxmvmg JTB ~mgb hihmu fmxn ocglano mfmam`;

=. Tigfmtmv jmungb*jmungb ngfn|nfy tmfm hmxnu fmg ocacj ~mgb umjm

jijnanon uianun` oyxmgb fmxn ijtmv umvymg mgvmxm gnamn tigfmtmv ngfn|nfy

~mgb vixvngbbn figbmg gnamn ~mgb vixigfm`'

8. Vnfmo vixfmtmv mgbom oihmanomg (xiuntxcoma. tmfm hmxnu fmg ocacj ~mgb

umjm'


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84

2' Jigungviunu txncxnvmu ygvyo jiamoyomg tijhchcvmg |iovcx*|iovcx txncxnvmu'

Jigbbygmomg ocjtcunun uiemxm `nxmxon ygvyo jijhchcvomg |iovcx*|iovcx

txncxnvmu nvy figbmg hchcv oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm fmg jigkyjam`omg uijym gnamn

txncxnvmu vixhchcv ~mgb hixumgboyvmg figbmg gnamn txncxnvmu fmxn vngbomv hmrm`

hixnoyvg~m fmg uivixyug~m'

Tigbcam`mg jmvxnou tigfmtmv vixfnxn fmxn fym vm`mt! ~mnvy (=. tigbcam`mg

`cxn{cgvma! fmg (8. tigbcam`mg |ixvnoma' Oifym kignu tigbcam`mg vixuihyv fmtmv

fnamoyomg ygvyo JTN fmg JTB' Tigbcam`mg |ixvnoma fnamoyomg uiviam` JTN

fmg JTB fncam` uiemxm `cxn{cgvma! fnjmgm JTN fmg JTB `mxyu jijigy`n

tixu~mxmvmg Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun'

m. Tigbcam`mg @cxn{cgvma! vixfnxn fmxn vnbm hmbnmg! ~mnvy tigigvymg \iovcx

Txncxnvmu (\iovcx Inbig.! ykn ocgunuvigun! fmg xi|nun JTN fmg JTB ~mgbjijnanon Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun vngbbn'

Vm`mtmg tix`nvygbmg ~mgb fnamoyomg tmfm tigbcam`mg `cxn{cgvma mfmam` ;

Tixomanmg hmxnu [ figbmg xyjyu ;

g

g

=o

nkn m[ :

: ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(8. (n!k : =! 8! 5! '''g.

Tix`nvygbmg \iovcx Txncxnvmu (\iovcx Inbig. mfmam` ;

: :

::

g

=n

g

g

=o

nk

g

g

=o

nk

n

m

m

\T''''''(5. \T : (\Tn.! ygvyo n : =! 8! 5! ''' g

Tix`nvygbmg Gnamn Inbig Jmou (jmou. figbmg xyjyu ;

\M : (mnk. p \T '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(6. figbmg \M : (|mn.

\T

\M\H : ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(9. figbmg \H : (|hn.

:

:g

onnjmou |h

g

=''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(


32/128

8=

Tix`nvygbmg Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun (EX. mfmam` ;

XN

ENEX : ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(0.

XN : Ngfiou Memo (Xmgfcj Ngfiou. ~mgb fnoiaymxomg cai` Cmo

Amhcxmvcx~ (Ummv~! =>>5. fmxn jmvxnou hixcxfi = umjtmn figbmg =9 ~mgb

jigbbygmomg umjtia ~mgb hixyoyxmg =44 (Vmhia 8'.

Gnamn Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun (EX. ~mgb aihn` oiena mvmy umjm figbmg 4!=

jixytmomg gnamn ~mgb jijtyg~mn vngbomv ocgunuvigun ~mgb hmno fmg fmtmv

fntixvmgbbygbkmrmhomg' @ma ngn fnomxigmomg EX jixytmomg vcamo yoyx

hmbn ocgunuvig mvmy vnfmog~m uymvy `muna tixhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg fmamj

uymvy jmvxnou tigfmtmv'

Vmhia 8' Gnamn Ngfiou Memo (XN. Jmvxnou Hixcxfi 8 u'f' =4

Uyjhix ; Ummv~! =>>5

h. Tigbcam`mg \ixvnoma! ~mnvy jig~yuyg txncxnvmu tigbmxy` uivnmt iaijig

tmfm vngbomv `nixmxon oityvyumg vixvigvy vix`mfmt umumxmg yvmjm mvmy lcoyu'

Mtmhnam E\nk fnfilngnunomg uihmbmn gnamn txncxnvmu tigbmxy` iaijig oi*k

tmfm vngbomv oi*n vix`mfmt umumxmg yvmjm! jmom ;

E\nk : E@nk (v? n*=. p \Rv (n*=.'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(>.

Ygvyo n : =! 8! 5! ''' g

k : =! 8! 5! ''' g

v : =! 8! 5! ''' g

Cxfi (g. Ngfiou Memo (XN.

8569

=4

4'444'904'>4='=8='86='58='6==!69

=!6>


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88

Fnjmgm ; E@nk (v? n*=. : gnamn txncxnvmu iaijig oi*n vix`mfmt iaijig oi*v

tmfm vngbomv fn mvmug~m (n*=.! ~mgb fntixcai` fmxn

`muna tigbcam`mg `cxn{cgvma'

\Rv (n*=. : gnamn txncxnvmu tigbmxy` iaijig oi*v tmfm vngbomv oi

(n*v. vix`mfmt umumxmg yvmjm! ~mgb fntixcai` fmxn

`muna tix`nvygbmg `cxn{cgvma'

0' Jigbi|maymun ngocgunuvigun ygvyo uiayxy` `nxmxon'

Tmfm tigbnunmg kyfbijigvtmfm vm`mt Jmvxnou Tixhmgfngbmg Hixtmumgbmg

(JTH. vixfmtmv oijygbongmg vixkmfng~m tig~njtmgbmg fmamj

jijhmgfngbomg iaijig umvy figbmg iaijig ~mgb amngg~m! ui`ngbbm

fntixayomg uymvy ykn ocgunuvigun' Fmamj T@M tig~njtmgbmg fntixhcaiòmg

figbmg vcaixmgun Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun fn hmrm` =4 )' Amgbom` ngn fnamoyomgfigbmg jigbmanòmg uivnmt ngfiou ocgunuvigun figbmg txncxnvmu*txncxnvmu

oxnvixnm ~mgb hixumgboyvmg fmg jigkyjamòmg `muna omang~m' @muna ngn fnhmbn

figbmg tixg~mvmmg uikignu ~mgb jigbbygmomg ngfiou ocgunuvigun memo! ~mgb

uiuymn figbmg fnjigun jmungb*jmungb jmvxnou' Ygvyo jijtixcai` `muna ~mgb

hmno! xmunc ngocgunuvigun `mxyu hixgnamn oyxmgb fmxn mvmy umjm figbm =4 tixuig'

Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun fntixcai` uiviam` jmvxnou fncam` uiemxm `cxn{cgvma figbmg

jigbbygmomg txcbxmj ocjtyvixIptixv E`cnei 8444 Vxnma \ixunc' Knom Xmunc

Ngocgunuvigun jijtyg~mn gnamn ~mgb aihn` hiumx fmxn =4 tixuig! jmom jyvy

nglcxjmun `mxyu fnvngkmy oijhman fmg fntixhmnon! mgvmxm amng figbmg

jijtixhmnon emxm jigbbygmomg tixvmg~mmg oivnom jiamoyomg tigbnunmg yamgb

oynuncgix fmg figbmg aihn` jigbmxmòmg xiutcgfig ~mgb jigbnun oynuncgix'

Fnmbxmj manx Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M. fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx


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Bmjhmx


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86

N\' @MUNA FMG TIJHM@MUMG

6'=' Bmjhmxmg Yjyj Tixyum`mmg

6'='=' Uikmxm` Ungbomv Tixyum`mmg

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnfnxnomg tmfm vmgbbma =9 Kygn =>90 cai` fym

tijyfm hixumyfmxm hixgmjm Fmg fmg Lxmgo Emxgi~ fn Rne`nvm! Omgumu!

YUM' Vnbm hyamg uiviam` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnfnxnomg! xiuvcxmg vixuihyv

viam` jigb`munaomg tigfmtmvmg ocvcx uihiumx YU &244 umjtmn YU &044

tix jngbby fmg tmfm hyamg Fiuijhix viam` jigemtmn aihn` fmxn YU

&=044 tix jngbby' Oiuyouiumg mrma vixuihyv jijhixnomg tiaymgb

oitmfm Fmg fmg Lxmgo ygvyo uibixm jijhyom fym emhmgb xiuvcxmg ambn'

Oijyfnmg tmfm vm`yg =>9> unuvij rmxmamhm (lxmge`nui. jyamnfnoijhmgbomg figbmg unuvij Tyxi Lxmge`nungb (Hyungiuu Lcxjmv

Lxmge`nungb. fnjmgm tijhixn rmxmamhm (lxmge`nucx. jijhixnomg lcxjmv

~mgb aigbomt jyamn fmxn jixio fmbmgb hmxmgb fmg kmum ygvyo fnkyma!

tixmgbomv jmgmkijig! tigbmrmumg jyvy! kmayx fnuvxnhyun! fmg tiam~mgmg

amngg~m oitmfm tijhian rmxmamhm ( lxmge`nuii.'

Fn Ngfcgiunm! Tn{{m @yv `mfnx tmfm vm`yg =>06 uihmbmn xiuvcxmg

tn{{m tixvmjm! fmg ummv ngn viam` fnhyom uihmg~mo =89 bixmn xiuvcxmg

Tn{{m @yv' Fn Hcbcx! bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ~mgb tixvmjm oman fnhyom

hixacomun fn Ngvixgyum Tam{m tmfm vm`yg =>>8' Gmjyg! omxigm jigbmamjn

higemgm oihmomxmg tmfm vm`yg =>>9! jmom uibixm fnhyom bixmn oifym

tmfm vm`yg =>>< ~mgb hixacomun fn Bifygb Fnvvm! Ka' Xm~m Tmfkmkmxmg Gc'

8>! Hcbcx'

Uikmxm` aigbomt Tn{{m @yv fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Amjtnxmg 5'

6'='8' \nun fmg Jnun Tixyum`mmg

\nun fmg jnun uijym xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm fnxmgboyj

fmamj umvy omanjmv! ~mnvy; Vc hi Ngfcgiunmu aimfngb jnf emuyma fnggngb

xiuvmyxmgv! cllixngb bximv iptixnigei mgf v`i hiuv tn{{m jima mv

mllcxfmhai |mayi'

Uivnmt xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm jijnanon |nun ygvyo jigkmfn

~mgb vixygbbya tmfm vngbomv xiuvcxmg oiamu jigibm` fn Ngfcgiunm! ~mgb


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89

Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix (XJ.

U`nlv Aimfix (UA.

Emu`nixUix|ix Cxfix

Vmoix

Fian|i

x~

Jmg

Eccoix Hmx

Jmg

Uvirmxf

Txiunfig Fnxiovyx

Fnuvxnev Jmgmbix (FJ.

Mxim Jmgmbix (MJ.

Muunuvmgv Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix (MXJ.

fnemtmn airmv jnun jigmrmxomg oig~mjmgmg uymumgm ~mgb vixhmno! fmg

jig~mknomg tn{{m vixhmno figbmg `mxbm ~mgb vixkmgbomy'

6'='5' Tigigvymg Tcunun Tixyum`mmg

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jigbbygmomgtcunvncgngb Bccf Lxnigfu!Bximv

Tn{{m' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jijtcununomg fnxng~m

uihmbmn xiuvcxmg ~mgb hixum`mhmv ~mgb hnum fnmxvnomg figbmg jijhixnomg

uymumgm ~mgb g~mjmg fmg tigy` oixmjm` vmjm`mg fmg kybm uihmbmn

xiuvcxmg tn{{m ~mgb jijhixnomg tn{{m ~mgb `ihmv ~mgb hnum fnmxvnomg

figbmg jijhixnomg tn{{m figbmg xmum ~mgb tmuvn ai{mv'

6'='6' Uvxyovyx Cxbmgnumun Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Bmjhmx 2' Uvxyovyx cxbmgnumun Tn{{m @yv


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g~mjmg' Ecygvixumamf fmg uyt hixmfm fn fiomv tngvy jmuyo! ui`ngbbm

uijym vmjy hnum jian`mv ummv jijmuyon xiuvcxmg'

h'Mxim uix|nu vixfnxn fmxn hi|ixmbi uievncg (vijtmv fnutiguix uijym kignu

jngyjmg! biamu! haigfix! fmglxii{ixygvyo iu oxnj! hym` hm`mg kynei!

jngyjmg hcvca fmg jngyjmg omaigb.! lxcgv ecygvix (vijtmv jiung

xibnuvix tiumgmg.!tneo ytecygvix(vijtmv jigbmjhna txcfyo jmomgmg

fmg jngyjmg ~mgb uyfm` kmfn.! fmg ecygvix mxim (vijtmv

tijhm~mxmg.'

e'Mxim onve`ig jixytmomg mxim tigbiacammg txcfyo! jyamn fmxn

tig~ifnmmg hm`mg hmoy! tig~njtmgmg hm`mg hmoy! tigbcam`mg hm`mg

hmoy! tijhymvmg fcyb` tn{{m! tijmgbbmgbmg! kybm vixjmuyo vijtmv

tigeyenmg tnxngb fmg tixomomu amngg~m'Rmovy tig~mjtmnmg txcfyo oitmfm tiamgbbmg ~mgb uiuymn figbmg

uvmgfmx ygvyo Tn{{m @yv mfmam` jmounjma =9 jignv ygvyo tn{{m! =4 jignv

ygvyo tmuvm fmg gmun! fmg 8 jignv ygvyo jngyjmg' Gmjyg ~mgb uixngb

vixkmfn mfmam` txcfyo oiaymx aihn` fmxn rmovy uvmgfmx vixuihyv! vixyvmjm

ummv xiuvcxmg uifmgb tmfmv tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm hmg~mo tiamgbbmg ~mgb

jigbiay` omxigm vnfmo umhmx' @ma ngn fnuihmhomg omxigm oyxmgbg~m

omx~mrmg fmg omtmunvmu jiung tijmgbbmgb ~mgb vixhmvmu'

6'8'6' Txcuiu Txcfyoun (Txcfyevncg Txceiuu.

Uiviam` tiamgbbmg jiamoyomg tijiumgmg! uix|ixuibixm jigbngtyv

fmlvmx tiumgmg oi ocjtyvix ~mgb viam` fntxcbxmj o`yuyu! oijyfnmgtxngv

cyvtiumgmg vixuihyv cvcjmvnu momg oiaymx fn jiung txngvixonve`ig fmg

hmx' Eccoixuibixm jijhymv txcfyo uiuymn tiumgmg' Ygvyo txcfyo tn{{m!

xcvn! m~mj! amumbgm! uyt tyuvx~! fnjmumo fmamj jiung tijmgbbmgb ~mgb

hixkmamg uiemxm cvcjmvnu' Ummv txcfyo uyfm` oiaymx fmxn jiung

tijmgbbmgb hixmxvn txcfyo uyfm` jmumo! oijyfnmg fnumknomg fmg

fnaivmoomg fntneo yt ecygvixmbmx fnmjhna cai` uix|ixygvyo fnumjtmnomg

oitmfm tiamgbbmg' Ygvyo txcfyo tmuvm fnjmumo figbmg ocjtcx bmu!

fnumknomg fn tnxngb oijyfnmg fnaivmoomg fn tneo yt ecygvix' Fijnonmg

kybm figbmg hmx jmg jijhymv jngyjmg uiuymn tiumgmg! oijyfnmg

fnaivmoomg fntneo yt ecygvix'


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54

Tixmamvmg jmumo fmg tixaigbomtmg jmomg ~mgb uyfm` ocvcx fneyen

cai` uvirmxf figbmg jigbbygmomg fnurmu`ngb (jiung tigeyen tnxngb

cvcjmvnu. ~mgb fn fmamjg~m jigemoyt txcuiu uvixnanumun tixmamvmg'

Uiayxy` txcuiu txcfyoun fn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv umgbmv jigbyvmjmomg

oi`nbnignumg omxigm mfmg~m oiumfmxmg hm`rm yum`m ~mgb fnnkmamgomg

jig~mgboyv txcfyo ocguyjun ygvyo fnjmomg ui`ngbbm lmovcx

oitigvngbmg umgbmv tigvngb'

Iliovnlnvmu fmg ilnunigun fmxn txcuiu txcfyoun Tn{{m @yv ngn umgbmv

fntixayomg hmbn oiamgemxmg txcuiu fnuvxnhyun! mtmhnam vixkmfn `mjhmvmg

fmamj txcuiu txcfyoun jmom momg jigkmfn oigfmam fmamj tig~mjtmnmg

txcfyo oitmfm tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm jigbyxmgbn oymanvmu fmxn mutio

tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg'6'8'9' Txcfyovn|nvmu fmg Oymanvmu (Txcfyevn|nv~ mgf ]ymanv~.

Txcfyovn|nvmu hmbn yum`m xiuvcxmg mfmam` `ma ~mgb hixkmamg uinxngb

figbmg tigbmrmumg vix`mfmt txcuiu txcfyoun' Txcfyovn|nvmu ~mgb hmno

umgbmv fntixayomg ygvyo oiamgemxmg kmamgg~m txcuiu txcfyoun' Vngbomv

txcfyovnlnvmu ~mgb hmno fnkmbm figbmg jiamoyomg tioixkmmg uiuymn

figbmg txcuifyx*txcuifyx ~mgb viam` fnvivmtomg' Tigbmrmumg fmxn tn`mo

jmgmkix fmg aimfix umgbmv fntixayomg ygvyo jigkmbm txcfyovnlnvmu

omx~mrmg fmamj jiamoyomg tioixkmmg fmg vmgbbygb kmrmh jmungb*

jmungb fmamj txcuiu txcfyoun ui`ngbbm hnum fn`munaomg txcfyo

hixoymanvmu ~mgb uiuymn figbmg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg tiamgbbmg!

ui`ngbbm tiamgbbmg jixmum vixtymuomg' Tigbmrmumg ~mgb fnamoyomg

uyfm` eyoyt hmno! gmjyg vixomfmgb hioixkm fn hmrm` tigbmrmumg

jijhymv omx~mrmg jixmum hioixkm fn hmrm` viomgmg! ui`ngbbm vixkmfn

oiomoymg' Jmom tn`mo jmgmkix fmg aimfixuiuioman tixay ygvyo jijhixn

oitixem~mmg oitmfm omx~mrmg vmgtm jigbmrmung~m'

6'8'


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5=

vix`mfmt cxmgb*cxmgb ~mgb jig~mknomg kmum vixuihyv' Mtmhnam cxmgb ~mgb

jigkmfn tig~ifnm kmum jijhixnomg tiam~mg ~mgb hmno! jmom momg

jignjhyaomg oiumg tcunvnl vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg fn higmo ocguyjig!

fijnonmg tyam uihmanog~m knom cxmgb ~mgb jigkmfn tig~ifnm kmum vnfmo

jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg ~mgb hmno! jmom ocguyjig momg jijnanon

vmgbbmtmg ~mgb oyxmgb hmno tyam vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg vixuihyv'

Ygvyo jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg ~mgb hixoymanvmu oitmfm tiamgbbmg!

xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv umgbmv jijtix`mvnomg fmg jigbyvmjmomg oihixun`mg

(eaimgangiuu.! oixmjm` vmjm`mg (`cutnvmanv~.! oivitmvmg tig~mjtmnmg

txcfyo (meeyxme~.! tigmgbmgmg tiamgbbmg ~mgb hmno (jmngvigmgei.!

txcfyo ~mgb hixoymanvmu (txcfyev }ymanv~.! fmg oieitmvmg fmamj

jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg (utiif.'Amgbom`*amgbom` tiam~mgmg ygvyo jijymuomg tiamgbbmg ~mgb

fnvixmtomg cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnoigma figbmg =4 Jcjigvu cl

Vxyv` ! ~mgb vixfnxn fmxn;

=' Bxiivngb (jigbivm`yn figbmg eitmv ummv tiamgbbmg jmuyo oi fmamj

xiuvcxmg! uibixm jig~mjhyv figbmg `mgbmv fmg hixum`mhmv!

vixuig~yj figbmg jigbbygmomg ocgvmo jmvm fmg unomt ~mgb rmkmx.'

8' Uimvngb (jijnan`omg vijtmv fyfyo ~mgb uiuymn figbmg oingbngmg

tiamgbbmg! jigbmgvmxomg tiamgbbmg oi vijtmv fyfyog~m figbmg

hixkmamg fn fitmg tiamgbbmg umjhna jijhymv tixemomtmg xngbmg fmg

jijhmrmomg hyoy jigy! jigmxnoomg oyxun ygvyo rmgnvm mvmy ~mgb

aihn` vyu mvmy mgmo oiena! fmg jijhixnomg jigy figbmg jijhyom

hmbnmg `mamjmg txcjcun.'

5' Vmongb v`i Cxfix (jigbyemtomg umamj figbmg jmgvmt fmg tixem~m

fnxn oitmfm tiamgbbmg! jijtixoigmaomg fnxn! oijyfnmg jigmrmxomg

txcfyo*txcfyo fn hyoy jigy! jijhixnomg umxmg vigvmgb txcfyo hmxy

oitmfm tiamgbbmg! jigmg~momg fmg jigemvmv uijym tiumgmg

tiamgbbmg figbmg vitmv! jiamoyomg tijhmemmg yamgb tiumgmg!

oijyfnmg uibixm jigbngtyv fmlvmx tiumgmg oi fmamj ocjtyvix.'


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6' Uix|ngb Fxngou (jijhmrmomg jngyjmg uieitmv jygbong uiviam`

tijiumgmg! jiaivmoomg jngyjmg fn mvmu jikm umjhna jig~ihyvomg

gmjm jngyjmg vixuihyv.'

9' Uix|ngb Uvmxvixu (umknomg jmomgmg tijhyom vixaihn` fm`yay uieitmv

jygbong! uihyvomg gmjm jmomgmg ~mgb fnumknomg! fmg vmrmxomg

jngyjmg vmjhm`mg mvmy vmg~momg mtmhnam mfm tiumgmg vmjhm`mg.'

' Fian|ixngb Fiuuixv mgf Cllixngb v`i Hnaa (umknomg jmomgmg tigyvyt

umjhna jig~ihyvomg gmjmg~m! vmrmxomg mtmom` tiamgbbmg ngbng

jijngvm hnaa tijhm~mxmgg~m uiomxmgb! eivmohnaa oijyfnmg mgvmxomg

oi tiamgbbmg figbmg jigbbygmomg hnaa vxm~ .'

=4'Eaimxngb Fiuuixvu! Vmongb Tm~jigv! mgf V`mgongb (hixun`omg

tixmamvmg hiomu fiuuixvfmxn tiamgbbmg umjhna jigbmjhna ymgb mvmy

omxvy tijhm~mxmg! mgvmxomg oi omunx! fmg oijhman jigbmjhna unum

tijhm~mxmg fmxn omunx! jigbmgvmxomg oijhman oi jikm tiamgbbmg

umjhna jigbyemtomg vixnjmomun` figbmg uygbby`*uygbby`.'

6'8'2' Txcjcun fmg Ifyomun (Txcjcvncg mgf Ifyemvncg.'

Oibnmvmg txcjcun tixay fnamoyomg cai` tixyum`mmg ygvyo

jijtixoigmaomg tixyum`mmg fmg txcfyog~m oitmfm tmumx' Tn{{m @yv

uihmbmn yum`m kmum hcbm vivmt jijixayomg txcjcun mbmx ocguyjig


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jig~mfmxn oihixmfmmg Tn{{m @yv! jigbivm`yn txcfyo*txcfyo Tn{{m @yv!

fmg jijnanon tigbigmamg ~mgb aihn` hmno vix`mfmt Tn{{m @yv'

Tn{{m @yv uixvm Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jiamoyomg txcjcun airmv jifnm

eivmo! jifnm |nuyma! fmg jifnm myfnc' Kybm fnfyoygb cai` tigbmfmmg

hnaahcmxf' @mg~m umkm txcjcun ~mgb uiamjm ngn fnamoyomg aihn` oi

txcjcun txcfyo Tn{{m @yv uiemxm yjyj ~mgb hixamoy ygvyo uiayxy`

Ngfcgiunm' Ui`ngbbm vnfmo jijhixnomg ifyomun jigbigmn vijtmv oijmgm

tiamgbbmg `mxyu fmvmgb ygvyo jijtixcai` tn{{m fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv'

Jmom uivnmt xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmnog~m jigbmfmomg txcjcun uigfnxn

ygvyo aihn` jijtixoigmaomg oitmfm jmu~mxmomv uionvmx jigbigmn

oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn fmixm` vixuihyv' Hmg~mo jmu~mxmomv

~mgb oyxmgb jig~mfmxn hm`rm vixg~mvm fn fiomvg~m mfm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m@yv' Tijmumgbmg hnaahcmxfuihmnog~m fnaigbomtn figbmg mamjmv xiuvcxmg

fmg fntmumgb hyomg `mg~m fn fitmg xiuvcxmg! vmtn kybm fn vijtmv*vijtmv

uvxmvibnu amngg~m ygvyo aihn` jijhixn oiumfmxmg oitmfm ocguyjig'

6'8'0' @mxbm fmg Hnm~m Kmum Amngg~m(Txnei mgf Cv`ix Ecuvu.'

Lmovcx `mxbm fmg mtm umkm hnm~m ~mgb `mxyu fnoiaymxomg tiamgbbmg

ygvyo hnum jijtixcai` txcfyo xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv tixay ygvyo

fntixvnjhmgbomg' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jijhymv |mxnmun tnan`mg `mxbm ~mgb

vixfnxn fmxn tn{{m fianb`v e`cnei figbmg `mxbm aihn` jyxm`! tn{{m

lm|cyxnvi e`cnei figbmg `mxbm uifnonv aihn` jm`ma! fmg tn{{m fiaypi

e`cnei figbmg `mxbm ~mgb eyoyt jm`ma' Vixfmtmv kybm `mxbm tmoiv

ui`ngbbm tiamgbbmg hnum jigfmtmvomg umvy tmoiv jigy aigbomt figbmg

`mxbm ~mgb aihn` jyxm`' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv hnum jixmn`

uibjig tmumx figbmg vngbomv tigfmtmvmg jigigbm` fmg jigigbm` oi

mvmu! uixvm jigb`mtyu jnvcu hm`rm tn{{m jixytmomg jmomgmg ~mgb

`mg~m hnum fngnojmvn cai` ocguyjig figbmg tigfmtmvmg jigigbm` oi

mvmu'

Gmjyg! uivnmt txcfyo xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnoigmn tmkmo uihiumx =4)

fmxn `mxbm tcoco! ui`ngbbm tiamgbbmg `mxyu jigbiaymxomg hnm~m

vmjhm`mg ygvyo nvy' Tiamgbbmg kybm vixomfmgb jigbiaymxomg hnm~m rmovy

figbmg jigygbby txcfyo oiaymx aihn` amjm fmxn ~mgb ui`mxyug~m' Hnm~m


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vmjhm`mg ~mgb fnoiaymxomg cai` tiamgbbmg ngn tixay fntix`mvnomg ambn

cai` tixyum`mmg mbmx vnfmo jigbyxmgbn oingbngmg ygvyo jiamoyomg

txcuiu tijhianmg cai` ocguyjig' Oivitmvmg rmovy fmamj tig~ifnmmg

txcfyo fmg oymanvmu fmxn txcfyo tixay ygvyo fnkmbm ui`ngbbm ocguyjig

vnfmo jixmum fnxybnomg uiemxm jmvixn fmg rmovy'

6'5' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngvixgma

6'5'=' Mutio Tmumx fmg Tijmumxmg

Tmgbum tmumx ~mgb fnjnanon cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg ummv

ngn mfmam` uionvmx =0) fmxn uiayxy` tigfyfyo Ocvm Hcbcx! uifmgbomg

tiamgbbmg amngg~m uihmbnmg hiumx mfmam` tigbygkygb ~mgb fmvmgb fmxn

aymx Ocvm Hcbcx' Tmgbum tmumx ~mgb hix`muna fnxmn` cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m

@yv Tmfkmkmxmg ngn fnxmumomg jmun` oyxmgb fmg tixay fnvngbomvomg ambn!

ui`ngbbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg vixyu jiamoyomg tixhmnomg

ngvixgma fmamj fnxn tixyum`mmg' Tmfm fmumxg~m jmumam` ygvyo

jigngbomvomg tmgbum tmumx ~mgb fnmamjn cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` fnomxigmomg cai` mfmg~m xiuvcxmg tn{{m tiumngb ~mgb

hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! fmg kybm

fnuihmhomg cai` oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv amngg~m fn hihixmtm

acomun hixhifm fn Ocvm Hcbcx ~mgb jig~ihmhomg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg

`mxyu hixhmbn tmgbum tmumx figbmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv amngg~m fn Ocvm

Hcbcx' Ygvyo nvy xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg tixay jijmounjmaomg

uvxmvibn tijmumxmgg~m! uiemxm o`yuyu airmv uvxmvibn vix`mfmt hmyxmg

tijmumxmgg~m! jiantyvn uvxmvibn txcfyo! uvxmvibn txcjcun! uvxmvibn

fnuvxnhyun! fmg uvxmvibn Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm' Ygvyo uvxmvibn `mxbm hnum

fnbygmomg fmamj jigb`mfmtn tixumngbmg figbmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m amngg~m'

Gmjyg! ygvyo hixumngb figbmg uiumjm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv amngg~m

uvxmvibn `mxbm vnfmo hnum fnbygmomg omxigm unuvij rmxmamhm ~mgb

fnbygmomg cai` Tn{{m @yv jig~ihmhomg `mxbm fmxn uijym kignu txcfyo

fnvigvyomg umjm fmxn Tn{{m @yv tyumv' Vixomnv figbmg uvxmvibn txcfyo!

rmamytyg unuvij rmxmamhm ~mgb fnbygmomg jig~ihmhomg uijym kignu

txcfyo ~mgb fnjnanon cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` umjm! Tn{{m @yv


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fmtmv jijhmgbyg oiygbbyamg fmxn txcfyog~m figbmg jijhymv tn{{m

~mgb higmx*higmx uiuymn figbmg uvmgfmx ~mgb viam` fnvigvyomg cai` Tn{{m

@yv tyumv! hmno fmxn uibn xmum! tig~mknmg! fmg oymanvmu txcfyo' Fmg ygvyo

nvy fntixayomg ocjnvjig fmxn omx~mrmg ygvyo jiamoumgmomg vmgbbygb

kmrmhg~m jmungb*jmungb! ui`ngbbm fmamj `ma ngn umgbmv fntixayomg

tigixmtmg uvxmvibn Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm uiemxm vitmv' Uvxmvibn txcjcun

Tn{{m @yv Tmfmkmkmxmg fnamoyomg figbmg jijmglmmvomg envxm xiuvcxmg

Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg uihmbmn xiuvcxmg tn{{m ~mgb tixvmjm oman `mfnx fn

Ocvm Hcbcx uiviam` Tn{{m @yv fn Ngvixgyum Tam{m jigbmamjn oihmomxmg!

uiamng nvy kybm figbmg jijhymv hxcuyx!la~ix! hnaahcmxf! fmg ~mgb umgbmv

fn`mxmtomg mfmam` mfmg~m rcxf cl jcyv` txcjcvncg ~mgb tcunvnl fmxn

tiamgbbmg ~mgb jixmum tymu uiviam` jmomg fn Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg!Hcbcx'

6'5'8' Mutio Jmgmkijig

Unuvij jmgmkijig xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uyfm` eyoyt vixvmvm xmtn'

Txiunfig Fnxiovyx hixvmgbbygb kmrmh jijnjtng! jigbigfmanomg!

jigbijhmgbomg fmg jigbmrmun ongixkm fmg txcfyovn|nvmu xiuvcxmg Tn{{m

@yv fn uiayxy` Ngfcgiunm' Fmamj jigkmamgomg tixyum`mmg! Txiunfig

Fnxiovyx fnfyoygb cai` lygbun meecygvngb! nglcxjmvncg u~uvij!

jmxoivngb! vxmngngb! `yjmg xiucyxeiu! fmg ctixmvncg' Fnhmrm` Txiunfig

Fnxiovyx mfmam`Fnuvxnev Jmgmbix(FJ. ~mgb jijnjtng fmg jigbmrmun

84*54 xiuvcxmg' FJ jijnjtng figbmg hixhmbmn jmemj lygbun fmg hnugnu

fmxn jmxoivngb `ngbbm jijnonxomg tigbijhmanmg jcfma yum`m' Fn hmrm`

FJ mfmam` uicxmgb Mxim Jmgmbix (MJ. ~mgb jijnjtng fmg

jigbmrmun 5*< xiuvcxmg' MJ jigfcxcgb cxmgb amng ygvyo jigkmamgomg

hnugnu fmamj kyjam` fmg unvymun mgb hixhifm*hifm' Fn hmrm` MJ mfmam`

uicxmgbXiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix(XJ.'

Uivnmt bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm fntnjtng cai` uicxmgb

Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix (XJ.' XJ jijnanon vmgbbygb kmrmh jig~iayxy`

vix`mfmt tigbiacammg yum`m fmg tigbmrmumg vix`mfmt oibnmvmg txcfyoun'

XJ jigbiacam yum`m figbmg tigbmvyxmg ~mgb uinjhmgb fmamj

jijnjtng cxmgb (omx~mrmg.! jijtix`mvnomg oitymumg eyuvcjixu!


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5 ummv ngn jijnanon kyjam` omx~mrmg

uionvmx 92 cxmgb' Vixfnxn mvmu = cxmgb xiuvmyxmgv jmgmbix! 8 cxmgb

muunuvmgv xiuvmyxmgv jmgmbix! 5 cxmgb u`nlv aimfix! 6 cxmgb emu`nix! =2


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cxmgb uix|ix! =6 cxmgb eccoix! 5 cxmgb hmx jmg! 5 cxmgb uvirmxf! 8 cxmgb

cxfix vmoix! fmg 0 cxmgb fian|ix~ jmg'

Omx~mrmg fnhifmomg jigkmfn omx~mrmg lyaavnjix! omx~mrmg

ocgvxmo! fmg omx~mrmgtmxvnjix' Ygvyo omx~mrmg fnhifmomg hixfmumxomg

bcacgbmg! jyamn fmxn bcacgbmg N! NN! NNN! N\! \! \M fmg \H' Tijhm~mxmg

bmkn ygvyo omx~mrmglyaavnjixfnonxnjomg airmv xioigngb vmhygbmg uivnmt

mo`nx hyamg! figbmg kyjam` uiuymn figbmg bcacgbmg jmungb*jmungb'

Tijhm~mxmg bmkn ygvyo omx~mrmg ocgvxmo fnonxnjomg airmv xioigngb

vmhygbmg uivnmt mo`nx hyamg! figbmg kyjam` uiuymn figbmg kyjam` `mxn

oixkm jmungb*jmungb' Tijhm~mxmg bmkn ygvyo omx~mrmgtmxvnjixfn`nvygb

tix `mxn jmuyo! fnoyjyamvnlomg fmg fnhm~mxomg tmfm mo`nx hyamg' Kmj

oixkm omx~mrmg vixfnxn mvmu anjm u`nlv! fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia 5'

Vmhia 5' Tijhmbnmg u`nlvoixkm omx~mrmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg

U`nlv Jmuyo Oiaymx Nuvnxm`mv

M 42'44 =


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50

omx~mrmg vmgtm `mxyu vixnomv figbmg tyumv hnum jigkmfn tiaymgb ~mgb

fmtmv fnbygmomg cai` xiuvcxmg ygvyo jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m' Mtmhnam

xiuvcxmg higmx*higmx jijtix`mvnomg oymanvmu UFJ jyamn fmxn tixioxyvmg

umjtmn tiamvn`mg! jmom oymanvmu txcuiu txcfyoun fmtmv uijmong

fnvngbomvomg! ui`ngbbm oymanvmu xiuvcxmg fn higmo ocguyjig jigkmfn

uijmong hmno'

6'5'6' Mutio Oiymgbmg

Ocgfnun oiymgbmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfmkmxmg ummv ngn jmun` fmtmv

fnomvmomg hmno! jiuontyg |cayji tigkymamg jmun` layovymvnl'

Tixyum`mmmg hiayj tixgm` jigbmamjn oixybnmg lngmgunma! `ma ngn

fnvygkyoomg cai` xmunc oiygvygbmg fmg hnm~mg~m uiamay fn mvmu umvy'

Tixuigvmui tixyhm`mg gnamn tigkymamg hixun` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yvTmfkmkmxmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia 6'

Vmhia 6' Tixuigvmui Tixyhm`mg Gnamn Tigkymamg Hixun` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yvTmfkmkmxmg Hcbcx! vm`yg 844=*8449

Vm`yg Lccf Giv Umaiu Hi|ixmbi Giv Umaiu Bxmgf Vcvma

844=*8448 *2!8 ) *>!2 ) *2!< )

8448*8445 =< ) 0!8 ) =9 )

8445*8446 =!= ) 5 ) =!6 )

8446*8449 5!> ) 85 )

Uyjhix; Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Hcbcx! 8449

Tigbiacammg oiymgbmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg viam`

jigbbygmomg unuvij moygvmgun vixocjtyvixnumun' Amtcxmg tigb`nvygbmg

tigkymamg ocvcx fnamoyomg cai` omunx uivnmt `mxn! fnhmgvy figbmg

ocjtyvix ~mgb viam` vixtxcbxmj ygvyo jigb`nvygb vcvma tigkymamg

jmomgmg fmg jngyjmg uiemxm cvcjmvnu' Fmvm tigkymamg jmomgmg fmg

jngyjmg fntixcai` fmxn `muna tigbngtyvmg tiumgmgmg oi fmamj ocjtyvix'

Fmvm hnm~m tigbiaymxmg fnoiacam figbmg jigbbygmomg txcbxmj

Jnexcuclv Ipeia'

Oimfmmg oiymgbmg xiuvcxmg ~mgb eyoyt hmno fmg vixyu

jigb`munaomg oiygvygbmg jigkmfn oioymvmg hmbn xiuvcxmg! omxigm figbmg

fijnonmg xiuvcxmg vivmt jijnanon jcfma ~mgb eyoyt hmbn tiamoumgmmg

fmg tigbijhmgbmg txcfyoung~m! ui`ngbbm txcuiu txcfyoun fmtmv vixyu


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hixamgbuygb vmgtm mfmg~m oigfmam `mjhmvmg oiymgbmg' Unuvij ~mgb

vixocjtyvixnumun fmamj tigbiacammg oiymgbmg kybm umgbmv jijhmgvy

fmamj jijtixoiena xiunoc oiumam`mg fmamj tigbiacammg oiymgbmg

xiuvcxmg'

6'5'9' Mutio Ctixmuncgma

Ygvyo amgemxg~m txcuiu txcfyoun fmg ctixmun! Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg

viam` jigkmang ocgvxmo oixkm umjm figbmg hihixmtm tixyum`mmg tijmuco

ygvyo tig~ifnmmg hm`mg hmoy txcfyo uixvm ng|igvcxn*ng|igvcxn

tigfyoygb amngg~m' Tijmuco jiamoyomg tigbnxnjmg xyvng uivnmt jngbby

uiuymn figbmg tijiumgmg ~mgb fnamoyomg cai` xiuvcxmg ui`mxn uihiayj

tigbnxnjmg' Tigbbygmmg hm`mg hmoy fmg ng|igvcxn*ng|igvcxn tigfyoygb

fnamoyomg figbmg jigbbygmomg unuvij lnxuv ng lnxuv cyv ygvyo jigkmbmmbmx vnfmo mfm hmxmgb ~mgb vixhymgb omxigm viam` `mhnu jmum tmomng~m'

Hmxmgb*hmxmgb fmg hm`mg hmoy ~mgb `mxyu fnunjtmg tmfm uy`y xymgbmg

fnunjtmg fn fx~ uvcxmbi! uifmgbomg hmxmgb fmg hm`mg ~mgb `mxyu

fnunjtmg fn hmrm` uy`y xymgbmg fnunjtmg fn lxc{ig uvcxmbi' Uivnmt

tigbmjhnamg hm`mg hmoy fmg hmxmgb*hmxmgb fmxn byfmgb fnamoyomg

tigemvmvmg! ui`ngbbm fntixcai` tijhyoymg jigbigmn hmxmgb*hmxmgb

~mgb viam` fnbygmomg! ygvyo jijtixjyfm` tigbiacammg tijiumgmg oi

tijmuco'

Oixkm umjm ~mgb vixkmang hmno fmg vixcxbmgnunx uiemxm xmtn figbmg

tijmuco ngn jigbyxmgbn xiunoc `mjhmvmg tmfm txcuiu txcfyoun monhmv

mfmg~m oioyxmgbmg hm`mg hmoy' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg jigkmfn aihn`

iliovnl fmamj jiamoyomg yum`mg~m'

Oivixmgbmg jigbigmn txcuiu txcfyoun uiemxm aigbomt viam` fnhm`mu

fmamj uyh hmh Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg tmfm tcng Txcuiu Txcfyoun'

6'6' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Kmy`

6'6'=' Angboygbmg Ucunma Hyfm~m

Kyjam` tigfyfyo fn Ocvm Hcbcx vixyu jigygkyoomg tigngbomvmg

figbmg kyjam` ~mgb vnfmo uifnonv! uitixvn vixan`mv tmfm Vmhia 9'

Tigngbomvmg tigfyfyo ngn jijixayomg tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg ~mgb uijmong


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hiumx ygvyo fnocguyjun hmbn oitixaymg xyjm` vmgbbm' Cai` omxigm nvy!

tigngbomvmg kyjam` xyjm` vmgbbm uivnmt vm`ygg~m fn Ocvm Hcbcx

jixytmomg tiaymgb hmbn ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg jmomgmg! o`yuyug~m hnugnu

xiuvcxmg uitixvn Tn{{m @yv'

Vmhia 9' Kyjam` Xyjm` Vmgbbm! Tigfyfyo! fmg Aymu Rnam~m` (oj8.

fn Ocvm Hcbcx Vm`yg 8446

Vm`yg Xyjm` Vmgbbm Tigfyfyo Aymu Rnam~m` (oj8.

8446 =>6'592 05='92= ==0!94

8445 =00'955 084'242 ==>

8448 =>2'>90 20>'685 ==0!94

844= =2>'>2! fnvmjhm` ambn oihnkmomg

oigmnomg `mxbm Hm`mg Hmomx Jng~mo (HHJ. hmxy*hmxy ngn

jigbmonhmvomg tigngbomvmg hnm~m `nfyt ~mgb fnuihmhomg cai` vngbomv

nglamun ~mgb uijmong vngbbn! ui`ngbbm jigbyxmgbn fm~m hian jmu~mxmomv'

Vmhia < jigygkyoomg hm`rm vngbomv nglamun gmuncgma fn Ngfcgiunm tmfm

vm`yg 8446 oijhman jigbmamjn tigngbomvmg uihiumx

fmg ygvyo hm`mg jmomgmg'


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6=

Vmhia

fmamj tig~ifnmmg hm`mg hmoy txcfyoun jigkmfn uijmong jigngbomv

monhmv tigngbomvomg `mxbm ~mgb fnuihmhomg cai` ocgfnun tixiocgcjnmg

ummv ngn' Uiamng nvy hnm~m ~mgb `mxyu fnoiaymxomg tixyum`mmg hmbn

omx~mrmg kybm jigngbomv! omxigm mfmg~m tigngbomvmg bmkn omx~mrmg'

Gmjyg! uikmy` ngn tigngbomvmg hnm~m txcfyoun fmg ctixmuncgma vixuihyv

jmun` hnum fnmvmun cai` tixyum`mmg'

Ocvm Hcbcx jijnanon hihixmtm fmixm` rnumvm ~mgb xmjmn fnoygkygbn

cai` rnumvmrmg! mgvmxm amng Oihyg Xm~m Hcbcx! Nuvmgm Hcbcx! Hmvy Vyanu!

fmg fiomv figbmg fmixm` tygemo' Figbmg fijnonmg uvxyovyx iocgcjn

Ocvm Hcbcx fnfcjngmun cai` uiovcx tixfmbmgbmg `cvia fmg xiuvcxmg

uihiumx 5=) fmg uiovcx ngfyuvxn tigbcam`mg uihiumx 80) (HTU Hcbcx!

8446.' Uiovcx ngn umgbmv fntigbmxy`n cai` kyjam` tigfyfyo fmg fm~m hian

jmu~mxmomv' Cai` omxigm nvy Tijixngvm` Fmixm` Ocvm Hcbcx umgbmv

jijtix`mvnomg oifym ngfyuvxn ngn' Figbmg fijnonmg! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

fn Ocvm Hcbcx vixjmuyo fmamj uiovcx iocgcjn figbmg tixumngbmg ~mgb

oivmv'

6'6'5' Angboygbmg Mamj

Jigngbomvg~m oiumfmxmg fn mgvmxm mgbbcvm jmu~mxmomv momg hnugnu

~mgb xmjm` angboygbmg viam` jijhixnomg hmg~mo tigbmxy` vix`mfmt

txcuiu hnugnu' Cai` omxigm nvy! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn hmbnmg fmxn

jmu~mxmomv kybm jig~mfmxn mxvn tigvngb fmxn tiaiuvmxnmg angboygbmg


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uionvmx acomun xiuvcxmg' Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg hixocjnvjig jigkmbm hnugnu

~mgb xmjm` angboygbmg' Tigbmvyxmg tijhymgbmg anjhm` `muna unum yum`m

fnvixmtomg ui`ngbbm vnfmo jixyumo angboygbmg uionvmx xiuvcxmg'

Tigbmjhnamg umjtm` ngfyuvxn fnhmgvy cai` oixkm umjm figbmg Fngmu

Oihixun`mg Ocvm Hcbcx'

6'6'6' Angboygbmg Viogcacbn

Viogcacbn vixyu hixoijhmgb uinxngb figbmg tixoijhmgbmg {mjmg

fmg umgbmv jijtigbmxy`n tixoijhmgbmg uijym kignu ngfyuvxn' Viogcacbn

hnum fnbygmomg ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo! tigngbomvmg iliovnlnvmu fmg

ilnunigun txcuiu txcfyoun! fmg tigbcgvxcamg ctixmuncgma' Cai` omxigm nvy

tixyum`mmg `mxyu tiom vix`mfmt tixoijhmgbmg viogcacbn mbmx fmtmv vixyu

jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo fmg yum`mg~m'Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg viam` jigbbygmomg viogcacbn ~mgb

jijtixjyfm` txcuiu txcfyoun fmg unuvij mfjngnuvxmun tixyum`mmg'

Tigbbygmmg mamv*mamv emgbbn` ygvyo ctixmun uitixvn jiung tijmgbbmgb

cvcjmvnu! lxii{ix! e`naaix! fnutiguix! fcyb` tn{{m! fmg viogcacbn

tigfyoygb amngg~m viam` umgbmv jijhmgvy ygvyo jigb`munaomg txcfyo

~mgb hixoymanvmu fmg `nbnignu' Unuvij tigbngtyvmg tiumgmg fmg

tijhm~mxmg ~mgb vixocjtyvixnumun kybm jijhmgvy jijtixeitmv txcuiu

tiam~mgmg fmg ocjygnomun tijiumgmg txcfyo' Jiung lmp fybygmomg

ygvyo jijtixjyfm` tijngfm`mg nglcxjmun fmg jijtixamgemx

ocjygnomun' Jiung tigfngbng xymgbmg (mnx ecgfnvncgix. kybm hixbygm

ygvyo jijhixnomg oig~mjmgmg hmbn tiamgbbmg fn mxim tiamgbbmg fmg

omx~mrmg fn uivnmt mxim ctixmun'

6'6'9' Angboygbmg Tcanvno fmg @yoyj

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv `mfnx fn Ngfcgiunm figbmg jigixmtomg unuvij

rmxmamhm' Cai` omxigm nvy Tn{{m @yv `mxyu jijtix`mvnomg oihnkmomg

tijixngvm` gcjcx =< vm`yg =>>2 fmg Oityvyumg Jigvixn Tixngfyuvxnmg

fmg Tixfmbmgbmg Xityhano Ngfcgiunm gcjcx 89>#JTT#Oit#2#=>>2!

vmgbbma 54 Kyan =>>2' Oihnkmomg fmg oityvyumg jigvixn vixuihyv jigbmvyx

vigvmgb oivigvymg yjyj fmg tixmvyxmg tigfnxnmg hnugnu rmxmamhm fn

Ngfcgiunm'


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Uiamng nvy xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn hmbnmg fmxn ngfyuvxn

oitmxnrnumvmmg kybm `mxyu jijtix`mvnomg oitijnanomg uyxmv n{ng yum`m

fmg jmum hixamoyg~m uiuymn figbmg Oityvyumg Jigvixn Oihyfm~mmg fmg

Tmxnrnumvm gcjcx Oit4=8#JOT#N\#844= vigvmgb Tifcjmg Yjyj

Tixn{ngmg Yum`m Oitmxnrnumvmmg'

6'9' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn

6'9'=' Mutio @mjhmvmg Jmuyo

Tiaymgb tmumx hmbn hnugnu xiuvcxmg ~mgb jig~ifnmomg `nfmgbmg

tigbbmgvn gmun umgbmv vixhyom aymu! ui`ngbbm tiaymgb ngn hmg~mo

fnjmglmmvomg ygvyo jijhyom xiuvcxmg hmxy' Fmamj unvymun iocgcjn

Ngfcgiunm ummv ngn! tigbijhmgbmg yum`m figbmg unuvij rmxmamhm

fnxmumomg jijhixn oiygvygbmg lngmgunma hmbn tmxm tiamoy yum`m xiuvcxmg

omxigm vmgtm jigmjhm` ng|iuvmun jcfma ~mgb hiumx fmtmv fnamoyomg

tixaymumg kmxngbmg' Ummv ngn ygvyo jijhyom yum`m xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm

hyomgam` `ma ~mgb vixamay xyjnv omxigm tijixngvm` viam` jijhymv

oihnkmomg vigvmgb rmxmamhm ~mgb jigfyoygb tigbmfmmg yum`m rmxmamhm'

Ng|iuvmun jcfma jigigbm` eyoyt ygvyo jijhyom uihym` yum`m xiuvcxmg

rmxmamhm'

Airmv tigkiamumg fn mvmu fmtmv onvm an`mv hm`rm `mjhmvmg jmuyo

hmbn tigfmvmgb hmxy fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg hyomgam` `ma ~mgb vixamay

xyjnv' Hixmxvn mgemjmg fmxn tigfmvmgb hmxy eyoyt hiumx fmamj ngfyuvxn

xiuvcxmg fn Ocvm Hcbcx! ui`ngbbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv tixay ygvyo vixyu

jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg hixumngbg~m mbmx vnfmo vixianjngmun cai`

tigfmvmgb hmxy fmamj angboygbmg hnugnu xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm fn Ocvm

Hcbcx'

6'9'8' Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijmuco

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg uiamjm ngn viam` hioixkm umjm figbmg

tijmuco o`yuyu ~mgb viam` fnvivmtomg cai` Tn{{m @yv tyumv fmamj

tig~ifnmmg hm`mg hmoy yvmjm txcfyoun! ui`ngbbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Tmfkmkmxmg jijnanon nomvmg vmrmx jigmrmx ~mgb oymv vix`mfmt tijmuco'

Gmjyg! ygvyo tig~ifnmmg hihixmtm hm`mg hmoy amng! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv


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Tmfkmkmxmg jijnan` tijmuco uigfnxn! ui`ngbbm nomvmg vmrmx jigmrmx

vix`mfmt tijmuco vnfmo vixamay oymv'

@yhygbmg oixkm umjm ~mgb hmno fmg umangb jigbygvygbomg mgvmxm

xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg figbmg tijmucog~m umgbmv fntixayomg mbmx

tijmuco vnfmo jigmnoomg `mxbm uiuymn oi`igfmog~m' Tmfm fmumxg~m

tijmuco hm`mg hmoy eyoyt hmg~mo fn tmumxmg figbmg vngbomv tixumngbmg

~mgb eyoyt oivmv! ui`ngbbm mtmhnam tijmuco kybm vnfmo hnum hioixkm umjm

figbmg hmno! jmom Tn{{m @yv hnum umkm jigemxn tijmuco amng ~mgb aihn`

uiuymn'

6'9'5' Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijhian

Tijhian ~mgb fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg fnoigma uihmbmn tiamgbbmg

eyoyt jijnanon oioymvmg vmrmx jigmrmx fmamj tijhianmg' Hmg~mog~mngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg fn Ocvm Hcbcx jig~ihmhomg tiamgbbmg fmtmv figbmg

jyfm` hixtngfm` oi txcfyuig amng hmno ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg

uikignu mvmytyg ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg ~mgb vnfmo uikignu' Uiamng nvy!

oijyfm`mg fmamj jijtixcai` nglcxjmun jigbigmn `mxbm fmg mvxnhyv

txcfyo fmxn jixio amng jig~ihmhomg oivixnomvmg tigkyma figbmg tijhian

fmtmv fnomvmomg xigfm`'

Oioymvmg vmrmx jigmrmx tijhian ~mgb oymv ngn jigygvyv uivnmt

xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ygvyo jijhixnomg gnamn vixhmno hmbn tiamgbbmg airmv

tig~mknmg txcfyo fmg tiam~mgmg ~mgb hixoymanvmu' Tijnan`mg uvxmvibn

tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb vitmv umgbmv fntixayomg cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

mbmx jmjty hixumngb fmamj jijtixcai` tix`mvnmg tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm

hnum jixihyv tmgbum tmumx fmg jijtixoymv tcunun tixyum`mmg'

6'9'6' Mutio Oivixuifnmmg Hmxmgb Uyhuvnvyun

Mgemjmg txcfyo uyhuvnvyun hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg

mfmam` xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amng ~mgb jigmrmxomg `nfmgbmg lmuv

lccf uitixvn m~mj bcxigb! m~mj exnut~! hyxbix! hmojn! fmg jmomgmg

Kitmgb' Txcfyo uyhuvnvyun ngn jigkmfn mgemjmg hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

omxigm tmfm fmumxg~m oihyvy`mg jmu~mxmomv vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg lmuv lccf

mfmam` fnomxigmomg mfmg~m oihyvy`mg vix`mfmt tmgbmg fn aymx xyjm`

figbmg hixhmbmn kignu `nfmgbmg! hyomg tmfm kignu `nfmgbmg vixvigvy umkm!


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fmg uijym txcfyo uyhuvnvyun fn mvmu jijnanon oijmjtymg fmamj

jijigy`n oihyvy`mg vixuihyv'

6'9'9' Mutio Tixumngbmg fmamj Ngfyuvxn

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg hixmfm tmfm tmumx tixumngbmg

jcgctcanuvno fnjmgm fnlixigunmun txcfyo mgvmx txcfyuig ~mgb hixmfm

fmamj ngfyuvxn eyoyt hiumx' Uiamng hixumngb figbmg xiuvcxmg ~mgb

jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg uikignu tn{{m! uiemxm yjyj xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Tmfkmkmxmg kybm hixumngb figbmg xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amng hmno acoma

jmytyg mungb ~mgb jig~mknomg kignu `nfmgbmg ~mgb hixhifm'

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg hixumngb figbmg xiuvcxmg Tmtm XcgU

Tn{{m Hcbcx ~mgb jijnanon `nfmgbmg figbmg kignu ~mgb umjm fmg kybm

figbmg jigixmtomg unuvij rmxmamhm' Xiuvcxmg ngn jijnanon oijnxntmgfmamj |mxnmun jigy fmg viogno tig~mknmg jmomgmg! kybm jijnanon

tixumjmmg fmamj uibjig tmumx' Gmjyg! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg

jijnanon oiygbbyamg! fnjmgm jixio fmbmgbg~m uyfm` aihn` fnoigma cai`

ocguyjig' ^mgb jigkmfn fnaijm mfmam` oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

amngg~m fn Ocvm Hcbcx! o`yuyug~m ~mgb hixacomun fn fmixm` Rmxygb

Kmjhy Hcbcx' Acomun vixuihyv vnfmo hibnvy kmy` figbmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m

@yv Tmfkmkmxmg! ui`ngbbm jignjhyaomg tixumngbmg fmamj jixihyv

tmgbum tmumx' Gmjyg! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jijnanon

oiygbbyamg omxigm aihn` fyay `mfnx ui`ngbbm oiumfmxmg tiamgbbmg aihn`

vngbbn vix`mfmt oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg'

Uiamng xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg tn{{m vixuihyv! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Tmfkmkmxmg kybm hixumngb fmamj jixihyv tmgbum tmumx figbmg xiuvcxmg

rmxmamhm amngg~m ~mgb jigmrmxomg jigy `nfmgbmg lmuv lccf ~mgb

hixhifm fmg hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Tmfkmkmxmg' Xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg vixuihyv mgvmxm amng mfmam` @com*@com

Higvc ~mgb ji~mknomglmuv lccfmam Kitmgb! JeF ~mgb jig~mknomg m~mj

bcxigb exnut~! OLE ~mgb kybm jig~mknomg m~mj bcxigb mam Oigvyeo~!

Hmojn Kmtcu ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg jni! fmg M,R ~mgb

jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg Mjixnom fmg hyxbix'


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6' @nxmxon uvxmvibn tijmumxmg

Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb hixtigbmxy` fmamj tigigvymg oxnvixnm hmyxmg

uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fnoiacjtcoomg oi fmamj lmovcx ngvixgma fmg lmovcx

iouvixgma' Lmovcx ngvixgma vixfnxn fmxn |mxnmhia*|mxnmhia ~mgb fmtmv

jigkmfn oioymvmg mvmytyg jigkmfn oiaijm`mg tixyum`mmg fmg fmtmv


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fnoigfmanomg cai` tixyum`mmg' Uifmgbomg lmovcx iouvixgma vixfnxn fmxn

|mxnmhia*|mxnmhia ~mgb fmtmv jigkmfn tiaymgb mvmytyg jigkmfn mgemjmg

hmbn tixyum`mmg fmg vnfmo fmtmv fnoigfmanomg cai` tixyum`mmg'

Hixfmumxomg mgmanunu vix`mfmt tixyum`mmg fmg angboygbmg yum`m xiuvcxmg

Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! jmom fntixcai` lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n

fmamj tigigvymg oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg ygvyo xiuvcxmg Tn{{m

@yv Tmfkmkmxmg'

Lmovcx*lmovcx ngvixgma ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigigvymg oxnvixnm

hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg mgvmxm amng mfmam` ocgfnun lngmgunma

tixyum`mmg! omtmunvmu tixyum`mmg! fmg ocjtcgig hmyxmg jmgmkijig

kmum' Ocgfnun lngmgunma tixyum`mmg jixytmomg oijmjtymg oiymgbmg

tixyum`mmg mvmy hiumxg~m fmgm ~mgb vixuifnm ygvyo movn|nvmu tijmumxmg'Omtmunvmu tixyum`mmgjixytmomg hiumxg~m oijmjtymg fmg lmunanvmu ~mgb

vixuifnm ~mgb fnjnanon cai` tixyum`mmg ygvyo movn|nvmu tijmumxmg'

Uifmgbomg ocjtcgig jmgmkijig kmumjigemoyt iaijig txcfyo! rmovy

fmg vijtmv! txcuiu! txcfyovn|nvmu fmg oymanvmu! cxmgb! txcjcun fmg

ifyomun! hyovn lnuno! `mxbm! fmg hnm~m kmum amngg~m! ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n

tixigemgmmg fmg tiamoumgmmg oibnmvmg tijmumxmg uiemxm vixoccxfngmun'

Lmovcx*lmovcx iouvixgma ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigigvymg

oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg mgvmxm amng mfmam` unomt

ocguyjig! tiumngb! uixvm ocgfnun iocgcjn! ucunma! fmg tcanvno' Unomt

ocguyjig mfmam` jigbigmn hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig hixiomun vix`mfmt

txcfyo ~mgb fnvygkyoomg cai` tixnamoy ocguyjig fmg hmbmnjmgm

ocguyjig jijtixcai` oitymumg momg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fmxn txcfyo'

Tiumngb jixytmomg ximoun fmxn unuvij tijmumxmg ~mgb fnkmamgomg fmg

jijtixonxmomg movn|nvmu tixamrmgmg ~mgb fnhixnomg' Ocgfnun iocgcjn

jigemoyt unoayu hnugnu! nglamun! uyoy hygbm! ng|iuvmun! vngbomv `mxbm!

txcfyovn|nvmu fmg vigmbm oixkm' Ocgfnun ucunma jigemoyt unomt! bm~m

`nfyt! mfmv*nuvnmfmv! fmg oihnmummg jmu~mxmomv fn uionvmx angboygbmg

tixyum`mmg' Fmg ocgfnun tcanvno mfmam` uitixvn ygfmgb*ygfmgb (YY.

angboygbmg! YY oivigmbm oixkmmg! YY rmxmamhm! unuvij tixtmkmomg!

uvmhnanvmu tijixngvm`! tixmvyxmg oimjmgmg fmg oiui`mvmg oixkm'


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@nxmxon tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fmtmv fnan`mv

tmfm Bmjhmx >'

6'2'5' Hmyxmg Txcjcun

Hmyxmg txcjcun mfmam` vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm ocjygnomun tijmumxmg

ygvyo jijtixoigmaomg txcfyo fmg jmglmmv txcfyo oitmfm ocguyjig

uixvm jijhykyo ocguyjig ygvyo jijhian txcfyo' Hmyxmg txcjcun

fnxmgemgb figbmg vykymg ji~mongomg ocguyjig vix`mfmt txcfyo!

jiamayn tig~mjtmnmg tiumg txcfyo ~mgb higmx fmg jigmgmjomg tiumg

vixuihyv fn fmamj higmo ocguyjig ygvyo kmgbom tmgkmgb' @nxmxon

tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcun fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx =4'

Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tig~yuygmg `nxmxon hmyxmg

txcjcun tixyum`mmg mfmam` lmovcx txcfyo! lmovcx tmumx! lmovcx tiamgbbmg!lmovcx mgbbmxmg! fmg lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg' Lmovcx txcfyo fmamj

tigigvymg hmyxmg txcjcun jiantyvn unlmv txcfyo! oymanvmu txcfyo!

oiygbbyamg txcfyo! fmg oivm`mgmg txcfyo' Lmovcx tmumx jiantyvn tcunun

txcfyo fmamj fmyx `nfyt txcfyo! tmgbum tmumx! ocguigvxmun ngfyuvxn!

ngvigunvmu ocjtivnun! fmg bmjhmxmg tixjngvmmg' Lmovcx tiamgbbmg

jiantyvn tiamgbbmg xyjm` vmgbbm#tiamgbbmg hnugnu! oymgvnvmu tiamgbbmg!

fmg ocguigvxmun tiamgbbmg' Lmovcx mgbbmxmg jigemoyt uyjhix fm~m

oiymgbmg tixyum`mmg' Uifmgbomg lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg jiantyvn

`mxbm xiamvnl#oymanvmu xiamvnl! uvxmvibn fnuvxnhyun! hxmgf anli e~eai! emoytmg

tmumx! fmg tigbiacammg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm (UFJ.'


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Bmjhmx =4' @nxmxon hmyxmg txcjcun

Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcun tixyum`mmg! mfm ijtmv

oxnvixnm ~mgb jijygbongomg ygvyo fnamoyomg cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy

tixnoamgmg! ocjygnomun txnhmfn! txcjcun tigkymamg! fmg `yhygbmg

jmu~mxmomv' Tixnoamgmg jixytmomg higvyo tig~mknmg fmg txcjcun nfi

hmxmgb fmg kmum uiemxm gcg*tixucgma ygvyo jigbnglcxjmunomg! jigfnfno!

fmg jijhykyo myfnigu umumxmg' Ocjygnomun txnhmfn jixytmomg

tixvijymg mgvmx txnhmfn figbmg vmvmt jyom ygvyo jigfnfno tiamgbbmg

fmg jijtxcjcunomg txilixigun ygvyo jixio mvmy txcfyo vixvigvy'

Txcjcun tigkymamg jixytmomg oyjtyamg mamv*mamv ngvigunl ~mgb hixmbmj!

uihmbnmg hiumx hixkmgbom tigfio! fnxmgemgb ygvyo jigfcxcgb tijhianmg

uymvy txcfyo#kmum vixvigvy uiemxm aihn` eitmv fmg#mvmy aihn` hiumx cai`

ocguyjig' Uifmgbomg `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv jixytmomg hixhmbmn

txcbxmj ~mgb fnxmgemgb cai` tixyum`mmg ygvyo jigyjhy`omg nvnomf

Hmyxmg Txcjcun

Txcfyo Tmumx Tiamgbbmg Mgbbmxmg Hmyxmg TijmumxmgLmovcx

@yhygbmgJmu~m*

xmomv

OcjygnomunTxnhmfn

Lcoyu

TxcjcunTigkymamgTixnoamgmgOxnvixnm

Uiaioun

Jifnm

TijmumxmgAmgbuygb

Tigkymamg

Txnhmfn

Am~mgmgTiamgbbmg

FnuocgKmgbomTigfio

Oytcg#|cye`ix

Tmoiv@mxbm

Tyhanomun

OibnmvmgTiam~mgmg

Jmu~mxmomv

JifnmNfigvnvmu


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hmno vix`mfmt tixyum`mmg fn jmvm ngfn|nfy fmg oiacjtco jmu~mxmomv

hixoitigvngbmg'

Uivnmt oxnvixnm vixuihyv jijnanon uyh oxnvixnm mvmy aihn` kiamug~m

vmovno jmungb*jmungb oxnvixnm fmamj tigixmtmgg~m'

Ygvyo tixnoamgmg hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno uiaioun jifnm fmg

vmovno tijmumxmg amgbuygb' Vmovno uiaioun jifnm fnamoyomg figbmg

jijhymv noamg airmv jifnm unmxmg (viai|nun mvmy xmfnc.! jifnm eivmo

(ocxmg! jmkmam`! mvmy vmhacnf.! fmg jifnm aymx xymgb (tcuvix! xioamji!

tiumg iaiovxcgno! fmg hmòmg hyu.' Uifmgbomg vmovno tijmumxmg amgbuygb

fnamoyomg figbmg ocjygnomun umvy mxm` oitmfm uikyjam` tiamgbbmg

umumxmg jiamayn uyxmv! lmou! viaitcg! mvmy i*jmna'

Ygvyo ocjygnomun txnhmfn hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno tigkymamgtxnhmfn fmg am~mgmg tiamgbbmg' Vmovno tigkymamg txnhmfn fnamoyomg airmv

ocjygnomun fym mxm` mgvmxm omx~mrmg kmum figbmg tiamgbbmg ~mgb

fnxmgemgb ygvyo amgbuygb jijtigbmxy`n txcuiu tijhianmg' Uifmgbomg

vmovno am~mgmg tiamgbbmg fnamoyomg airmv tig~ifnmmg iaijig*iaijig kmum

tiaigbomt cai` omx~mrmg ~mgb vnfmo uiemxm o`yuyu fnvybmuomg fmamj

tigkymamg'

Ygvyo txcjcun tigkymamg hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno fnuocg

kmgbom tigfio! tijhixnmg oytcg#|cyeìx! fmg mfmg~m `mxbm tmoiv'

Fnuocg kmgbom tigfio jixytmomg vmrmxmg o`yuyu hixytm tcvcgbmg `mxbm

tijhianmg uiamjm oyxyg rmovy vixvigvy' Oytcg#|cyeìx jixytmomg

vmrmxmg vixvyanu ygvyo jijtixcai` txcfyo vixvigvy uiemxm bxmvnu mvmy

figbmg `mxbm fnuocg' Uifmgbomg tmoiv `mxbm jixytmomg tigbìjmvmg

fmxn `mxbm hnmum figbmg jijhian txcfyo ~mgb viam` fntmoivomg'

Ygvyo `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno tyhanomun!

vmovno oibnmvmg tiam~mgmg jmu~mxmomv! fmg vmovno jifnm nfigvnvmu'

Tyhanomun mfmam` ytm~m jigkmgbomy fmg jijtigbmxy`n tmumx umumxmg

figbmg jijtyhanomunomg amtcxmg vm`ygmg! hxcuyx! mxvnoia! amtcxmg

hixomam! fmg jmkmam` tixyum`mmg' Oibnmvmg tiam~mgmg jmu~mxmomv fmtmv

jigngbomvomg envxm hmno tixyum`mmg fn jmvm jmu~mxmomv figbmg

jijhixnomg ymgb fmg rmovy figbmg gnmv hmno' Uifmgbomg jifnm


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nfigvnvmu mfmam` ytm~m tixyum`mmg jigentvmomg nfigvnvmu |nuyma mbmx

fnoigman jmu~mxmomv! uitixvn acbc tixyum`mmg! hxcuyx! vmgfm! lcxjyanx! mamv

vyanu! omxvy hnugnu! hmgbygmg! fmg tmomnmg'

6'2'6' Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm

@nxmxon tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm fmtmv

fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx ==' Vixfmtmv igmj lmovcx ~mgb hixtigbmxy` fmamj

jigigvyomg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm txcfyo cai` tixyum`mmg' Oiigmj

lmovcx vixuihyv mfmam`;

=' Cxnigvmun tigfmtmvmg (tixyum`mmg hixyum`m jigemtmn uyxtayu uihiumx

jygbong fmg jigyvytn uijym hnm~m.'

8' Cxnigvmun omtmunvmu (tixyum`mmg jijmglmmvomg omtmunvmu txcfyoun

uihmno jygbong ygvyo jijmuvnomg oiuinjhmgbmg mgvmxm tixjngvmmgfigbmg tigmrmxmg.'

5' Cxnigvmun tixjngvmmg (tixyum`mmg hixyum`m jijmounjyjomg

tixjngvmmg! jigbigman oijmjtymg hian ~mgb hix|mxnmun! jigmrmxomg

jivcfi tijhm~mxmg ~mgb jijygbongomg tigngbomvmg tigkymamg.'

6' Hnm~m (tixyum`mmg jigbmnvomg mgvmxm `mxbm ~mgb momg fnoigmomg

figbmg hnm~m txcfyoun! hnm~m tig~ixm`mg! uixvm hnm~m tijmumxmg

txcfyo.'

9' Tixumngbmg (tixyum`mmg jijtix`mvnomg tixhmgfngbmg `mxbm figbmg`mxbm ~mgb fnoigmomg tiumngb.'


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9 6 5

+Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fnamoyomg figbmg tigbijhmgbmg

ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg' Xiuvcxmg tn{{m uihmbmn kignu

yum`m kmum jijnanon anjm ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb

tcoco! ~mnvy hmyxmg txcjcun! hmyxmg `mxbm! hmyxmg txcfyo! hmyxmg

fnuvxnhyun! fmg hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm' Fmxn oianjm hmyxmg vixuihyv!

hixfmumxomg `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg

uvxmvibn tijmumxmg tmfm Vmhia ==! jmom ~mgb jigkmfn txncxnvmu tixvmjm

hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` hmyxmg txcfyo ~mgb uiamgkyvg~m fnnoyvn

cai` hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm! figbmg gnamn hchcv ~mgb hixtmyv vnfmovixamay kmy`' @ma ngn fnuihmhomg omxigm Tn{{m @yv hixyum`m

jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m airmv tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo kmumg~m! hmno

figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo g~mvm (vmgbnhaitxcfyev. airmv jmomgmg

~mgb fnumknomg! jmytyg figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo vnfmo g~mvm

(ngvmgbnhai txcfyev. airmv cxmgb mvmy UFJ ~mgb jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg'

Fn`mxmtomg figbmg oihix`munamg fmamj jijhixnomg txcfyo vixhmno fmg

tiam~mgmg airmv UFJ ~mgb vixamvn` jmom xiuvcxmg jmjty jixmn` tmgbum

tmumx ~mgb aihn` aymu' Uifmgbomg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb

aihn` jijnan` hmyxmg txcjcun uihmbmn txncxnvmu tixvmjm fmamj

tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmgg~m' Omxigm airmv txcjcun ~mgb

bigemx jmom Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P hnum jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg jigmxno


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78/128


79/128

8

Txcjcun Tigkymamg 4'4>44 =

Tijmumxmg Amgbuygb 4'==66 8 4'=44 8

+Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Ygvyo ocjygnomun txnhmfn hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno tigkymamg

txnhmfn fmg am~mgmg tiamgbbmg' Fmg `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxnoifym vmovno ngn (Vmhia =9.! jigygkyoomg hm`rm ygvyo ocjygnomun

txnhmfn! oifym xiuvcxmg umjm*umjm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg vmovno

tigkymamg txnhmfn! figbmg hchcv ~mgb xiamvnl kmy` aihn hiumx' @ma ngn

fnuihmhomg omxigm tigkymamg txnhmfn aihn` ocgfyunl fmamj jigkyma


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txcfyo fmxn ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg! uiamng nvy tigkymamg txnhmfn aihn` iliovnl

fmamj jijhixnomg tigbivm`ymg fmg tijm`mjmg oitmfm ocguyjig

jigbigmn txcfyo xiuvcxmg! ui`ngbbm ocguyjig aihn` jyfm` ygvyo

jijnan` txcfyo ~mgb `mxyu fnhiang~m ygvyo fnocguyjun' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m

@yv viam` jiamoyomg tigkymamg txnhmfn figbmg mfmg~m uybbiuvn|i uiaangb

tmfm Vig Jcjigv cl Vxyv` ~mgb fnvixmtomgg~m'

Vmhia =9' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ocjygnomun txnhmfn

Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu HchcvTijhmgfngb+

Txncxnvmu

Tijhmgfngb+

Tigkymamg Txnhmfn 4'> = 4'029 =

Am~mgmg Tiamgbbmg 4'= 8 4'=89 8

+Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Ygvyo txcjcun tigkymamg hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno fnuocg

kmgbom tigfio! tijhixnmg oytcg#|cye`ix! fmg mfmg~m `mxbm tmoiv' Fmg

`muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oivnbm vmovno ngn (Vmhia =29 8 4'890 8

Oytcg#\cye`ix 4'404< 5 4'=49 5@mxbm Tmoiv 4'28=> = 4'


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24

`muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oivnbm vmovno ngn (Vmhia =2.!

jigygkyoomg hm`rm ygvyo `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv! oifym xiuvcxmg umjm*

umjm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg vmovno jifnm nfigvnvmu figbmg jigentvmomg

nfigvnvmu |nuyma mbmx fnoigman jmu~mxmomv! uitixvn acbc tixyum`mmg! hxcuyx!

vmgfm! lcxjyanx! mamv vyanu! omxvy hnugnu! hmgbygmg! fmg tmomnmg'

Vmhia =2' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv

Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu HchcvTijhmgfngb+

Txncxnvmu

Tijhmgfngb+

Tyhanomun 4'=>>2 8 4'890 8

OibnmvmgTiam~mgmgJmu~mxmomv 4'4220 5 4'=49 5

Jifnm Nfigvnvmu 4'288< = 4'


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2=

fntixvnjhmgbomg fmamj tigivmtmg `mxbm mbmx vnfmo omam` hixumngb mfmam`

`mxbm fmxn tiumngb fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m'

Lmovcx oifym ~mgb jigkmfn tixvnjhmgbmg hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

fmamj jigivmtomg `mxbm txcfyo mfmam` lmovcx gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg!

fijnonmg kybm xiuvcxmg tijhmgfngb jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx ngn

uihmbmn lmovcx txncxnvmu oifym'

Hixmxvn oifym tixyum`mmg jigbmey tmfm hixmtm tixonxmmg `mxbm

~mgb hixuifnm fnhm~mxomg cai` tiamgbbmg ygvyo gnamn ~mgb jixiom ~mongn

momg jixiom vixnjm' Lmovcx ngn jijnanon hchcv ~mgb vnfmo vixamay hixhifm

figbmg lmovcx cxnigvmun tixjngvmmg' Lmovcx gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg ngn

Documents

ANALISIS BAURAN PEMASARAN RESTORAN PIZZA (STUDI KASUS DI PIZZA HUT, PADJAJARAN 29, BOGOR)