Anatomi 3 - Cardiovascular System

8/11/2019 Anatomi 3 - Cardiovascular System

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10/9/2014 Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD 1

Dr. I Gusti Ayu Widianti, M.Biomed

ANATOMY DEPARTMENT

UDAYANA UNIVERSITY


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Scientist / ilmuwan:Lifelong study Internet internationalcommunication

10/9/2014 2Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD


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Leading causes of death

10/9/2014Bagian Anatomi FK UNUD

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Heart disease Malignant neoplasms

Cerebrovascular diseases,

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pneumonia and influenza

Accidents

Diabetes mellitus Suicide, nephritis, chronic liver disease, etc

etcNational Health Statistics, 1999


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Major disorders


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The heart: Coronary artery disease

ischemic heart disease

myocardial infarction

The blood vessels: atherosclerosis

hypertension

varicose vein


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GENETIC PREDISPOSITION

EXCESSIVE CHOLESTEROL

SEDENTARY LIFE

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LARGE QUANTITIES OF CHOLESTEROL

DEPOSITED BENEATH THE ENDOTHELIUM AT

MANY POINTS IN ARTERIES

INVADED BY FIBROUS TISSUE AND

FREQUENTLY CALCIFIED

NET RESULT IS DEVELOPMENT OF

ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES

BLOCK OR PARTIALLY BLOCK BLOOD FLOW


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Weight reduction

Dietary sodium

Rich in vegetables & fruits

Physical activities

Stop smokingModeration alcohol

consumption

LIFE STYLE CHANGES
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Circulatory System

1.Cardiovascular system

The heart (cor) System of blood vessel

2. System of lymphatics



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The site of exchange


Capillary Capillary

Cell

Arteriole Venule


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Stroke volume: 70 ml

5 liter/minute

7,200 liters/day

216,000 liters/month

2,628,000 liters/year



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Two major components:

The heart and system of blood vessels

Major functions: Transport of oxygen and nutrients

Transport of CO2and waste products

Two major divisions

Major or systemic circulation

Lesser or pulmonary circulation



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Oxygenated blood(O2 & nutrients)

Deoxygenated blood(CO2 & waste products)

Systemic circulation

Pulmonary

circulationOxygenated bloodDeoxygenated blood

RV LA

RA LV

RA=right atrium, LA=left atrium, RV=right ventricle, LV=leftventricle

Lungs

Heart

Whole body


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Heart

Veins Arteries

15mmHgVenules

Arterioles 60 mmHg

Capillaries35 mmHg


Circulation

Venules=very small veins; arterioles=very small arteries

Aorta120mmHg

Vena cava


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OVERVIEW OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM


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PULMONARY

CIRCULATION

SYSTEMIC

CIRCULATION

VALVE

VEIN

LYMPH NODE

LYMPH

CAPILLARIES

HEART

THORACICUS

DUCT

CAPILLARIES

ARTERIES

LYMPH NODE

LYMPH

CAPILLARIES

20 l / day

BLOOD

7200 l

/day

LYMPH

BLOOD

CAPILLARIES

3 l / day

17 l /day


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The Heart

A four-chamber, powerful, muscular pump

Divided into two halves: left heart & rightheart.

Left heart: left atrium & left ventricleReceives oxygenated blood (arterial

blood) from the lungsDistributes it to the whole body.

Right heart: right atrium & right ventricleReceives deoxygenated blood (venous

blood) from the whole body, sends it to thelungs.

The walls of the left ventricle is the thickest.



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Boundaries:left and right pleural cavities,diaphragm,anterior and posterior leaves of fibrouspericardium, and

superior aspect of the left and right pulmonaryarteries

Contents:Heart and pericardium

Roots of the great vesselsArch of azygos veinMain bronchi



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Double-walled fibroserous sac, encloses the

heart and the roots of its great vessels

Pericardial cavity:

The potential space between the opposing

layers of the parietal and visceral of serous

pericardium



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The wall consist of three layers:

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

The fibrous skeleton of the heart



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A special system for generating rhytmicalelectrical impuls to cause rhytmical contractionof the heart muscle and conducting theseimpulses rapidly through the heart

Allow all portions of the ventricles to contractsimultaneously which essential for mosteffective pressure generation in the ventricularchamber



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A-V node (atrioventricularnode)

Conduction through the atrial wall

Sinoatrial node (sinus node)

A-V bundle (bundle of His)

Right & left branches

Purkinje fibers


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PACE-MAKER


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A GROUP OF CELLS AS S-A NODE THAT SERVES

TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAINING ARHYTHMIC ACTIVITY


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Number of heart beats per minute Classification of heart rate

Normal heart rate; 60 100/minute

Bradycardia: 60 beats per minuteTachycardia: 100 beats per minute



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THE FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATICS

DRAINAGE OF TISSUE FLUID, COLLECTION OF

LYMPH PLASMA AND TRANSPORT OF LYMPH

TO THE VENOUS SYSTEM

ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT OF FAT FROM

THE INTESTINE.

FORMATION OF A DEFENCE MECHANISM


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Right lymphatic duct (ductus lymphaticusdexter):The right halves of head, neck and thorax,and the right upper limb

The thoracic duct (ductus lymphaticussinister):The remainder of the body

Both duct eventually open into the

corresponding subclavian veins (venousangles)



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Lymphatic plexuses (lymphatic capillary)

Lymphatics vessels

Lymph nodes

Lymphocytes Lymphoid tissue



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Vascularization of head

and neck.


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Documents

Anatomi 3 - Cardiovascular System