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58 Moralni status životinja: preko utilitarizma do (eko)feminizma AnĈELA VIDOVIĆ Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatski studiji, Borongajska 83d, 10000 Zagreb [email protected] SAŽETAK: Postojanje moralnoga statusa je gotovo činjenica za većinu, no kada njegovo razmatranje po- prima širu dimenziju stvari postaju drugačije. Gotovo se svi slažemo da je pogrešno mučiti životinje, ali kada je u pitanju naša prehrana ili “njihovo” pravo na život postajemo suzdržaniji. Ovdje ću pokušati pro- blematizirati dva radikalna stajališta vezana uz moralni status životinja: utilitarizam preferencija P. Singe- ra i (eko)feminističku teoriju. Pokazat ću kako su prigovori koje iznose (eko)feministice ponekad sitničavi te kako nisu toliko u neskladu sa Singerovim gledištem. Alternativa koju pruža (eko)feminizam pokazat će se pomalo promašenom u takvom obliku diskursa, no to nije razlog da bismo je u potpunosti odbacili. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: Moralni status životinja, utilitarizam preferencija, jednako uvažavanje interesa, (eko)feminizam, etika brige i suosjećanja. 1. Određenje rasprave 1 Više su slični, nego li različiti ilozof koji kaže da razlikovanje između ljudi i ne-ljudi ovisi o boji kože i ilozof koji kaže da ra- zlikovanje između ljudi i ne-ljudi ovisi o poznavanju razlike iz- među subjekta i predikata. John Maxwell Coetzee, Život životinja Filozofsko je razmatranje pojma moralni status uvelike složenije nego što bi se moglo činiti na prvi pogled. Naime, moralni je status svojevrsna mogućnost odgo- varajućega promatranja nekoga bića kao objekta od izravnoga moralnog značaja, ujedno je sinonim za moralno stajalište, za svojevrsnu važnost bića, tj. njegovu moralnu značajnost (Audi, 1999: 590). Kada razmatramo pitanja vezana uz mo- ralne prosudbe obično te prosudbe uključuju druge. One nikada nisu izolirane, već se uvijek nalaze u suodnosu. Zdravorazumski možemo zaključiti kako se ti drugi ponajprije odnose na živa bića jer se pitanja moralnih prosudbi ponajprije njih tiču. Dakle, imati moralni status znači biti entitet prema kojem drugi (živa bića) imaju 1 Ideja je ovoga rada nastala pod mentorstvom dr. sc. Mirele Holy na kolegiju Kulturna animalistika LjS 2011. Za potrebe izdavanja u Scopusu rad je temeljito prepravljen uz vrijedne prijedloge doc. dr. sc. Tomislava Bracanovića.

Andjela Vidovic Moralni Status Zivotinja Preko Utilitarizma Do Eko Feminizma

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Andjela Vidovic Moralni Status Zivotinja Preko Utilitarizma Do Eko Feminizma

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