Angiras krishna 1

Angiras Krishna

WORK EXPERIENCE

October 2010 December 2011 Chitrakala ParishathApprentice Studentunder Master Raghu

June 2014 October 2014 Intern @ Royal Haskoning DHV Bangalore Master plan project (for Year 2031)

January 2015Intern @ Gubbi Labs under designer SudhiraBangalore community design

June 2015Interior Designed ASISI-E Tech officeJayadeva Junction, Bangalore

July 2015Interior DesignedComBASE WhiteField Bangalore

Dec 2015 Present Academic Student Mentor & Guide KS-SA college.

STUDENT QUALIFICATIONS

Thesis 2016Soot upHousing EWS in industrial districts

Certified Passive solar Designer I.I.H.S. Bangalore

Successfully Published research paper NCGCT Journal Sustainable Brick Construction. April 2015

Successfully Published research paper NCCSTM Journal Industrial housing. May 2016

On-going research papers December 2015 present

1. Rethinking Anthropometric Standards for relatively unusual human sizes.

2. Super Strong Structures with Inconel metals

3. Passive Solar-Responsive Active Structures with Elasticity of Nitinol metal.

4. Active Noise cancelling

June 2012 December 2013DSI-SOA Council president

June 2012 May 2016 Head of college editorial Board Head of Digital Media BoardDSATM-SOA

February 2016 presentMember of All india NASA design teamDteam 3.0

Studied human behavioural psychologyStanford University lectures.

Winner Product designer award RVCA-2013

Angiras Krishna Proprietor AngirasKrishna Designs

Bull temple road, Bangalore. +91 7022000430 [email protected]

B.Arch Dayananda Sagar Institutions Batch 20122017

Ergonomic & Product designs Architecture R & D

WORKSHOPS

January 2014 Architectural Animations Pune india

April 2014 Passive solar design and LightingI.I.H.S. Bangaloreexcellence certificate

August 2014Bamboo Clay workshopAuroville, Puducherry

COMPETITIONS

August 2015 Summit CEPTPowder mountain top 50 designs along with professionals

September 2015 ANDC

ACHIEVEMENTS

Indian National level Archery qualifications 2011 & 2014

Developing picturesWorld press orgApprenticeUnder artist Pablo Bartholomew (Padma Shri)

Proprietor CompanyANGIRAS KRISHNA DESIGNS (AKD)

1. Interior design 2. Ergonomic consultancies 3. Architecture R&D 4. GUI development 5. Home brew meetings 6. Camera lens design &

production (certified)

Documentary 2015Director & Cinematographer Culture Karnataka Shanghai University National Geographic Project

Documentary 2015Director & Cinematographer Check Your Privilege altrepproject.orgfeminism society 2015Showcased in BBC London

Short Movie 2015Director & Cinematographer ExtraordinaryBest movie under 5 min award

Chief iPhone App designer 1. SmallTxt (California,USA) 2. OneNews (California,USA) 3. SurroundSync (Bangalore)

C V

Model Making

Presentation

3D prototyping

Site Works

Rhino

Negotiating

InDesign

Analytical Writing

AutoCAD

Sketch up

Photo Shop

Movie/Documentary

3D Max

Working drawing

Revit

Animation/MAYA

Keynote Skills

Hand sketching

Climatology

Photography

Reliable Good

Will be good soon Willing to learn

Skills

Villa Design Nov 2014

GSEducationalVersion

1:75

Drawn by Date#CAD Technician

Checked by Date#Architect Name

#Project StatusDrawing Status

Drawing Name

North Elevation, East Elevation,South Elevation, West Elevation,

Building Section

Drawing Scale

Layout ID Status Revision

A.02.1

#Architect Address1#Architect City#Architect Country#Architect Postcode

Job Title

#Project Name

Company nameStreetCityState/CountryPostal Code

Company Title

sec4 Building Section 1:75

Floor Plans

Structural Plans

Sections

Oce Complex Design

2016 Jan


H

5_A

G

6 F7

E

3

F

A

8

B

9

C

10

12

11

11

12

97

5_A4_A

D

CD

E

10865421

A_1

B

1 2 3 4

4_A

5

15'-9" 20' 19' 13' 23' 2' 23' 25' 22'

24' 25' 25' 13'

15'-9" 20' 19' 13' 23' 2' 23' 25' 22' 24' 25' 25' 13'

16'

25'

25'

24'

21'

25'

25'

24'

26'

22'

27'-6

"

02A-04.2

02A-04.2

03A-04.3

03A-04.3

04A-04.4

04A-04.4

01A-04.1

01A-04.1

05A-03.1

06A-03.2

07A-03.3

08A-03.4

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"Foundation Plan


UP

LEASE SPACE

A: 13,545.49 sq ft

MECHANICAL

A: 451.82 sq ft

MECHANICAL

A: 451.82 sq ft

D116

D124D123

D103

D106

D122 D120D110

W112

D108 D107

W113

W109

W103

W102

W104

W105

W106

W107

W108

D120

D119

D121

D122

D116D112

D115

D114

D113 D117

D118

W116

W110 W111

W101

D114

D121

D119

D115

D101

D118

D102D109

D105

D111

W114 W115

D104

D106

UP

9_A 10 11 12

1

2_A

3

1_B

2

A

3_A 4_A

4

HG

_1G

FE

DC

B

D_1

A_1

A_0

CB

C_1

C_2

DE

121110987

6_A

6

5_A

5

UP

A

1

1_A 2_A

2 3 4

4_A

5

5_A

6

6_A7

F

8 8_A 9

D117D116

4'

6 1/2" 28'-7" 6 1/2"

61'

13'-4

1/1

6"

0"

-1'-2"

-1'-4"

+2'

+3'

+4"

-6"

+1'-6"

+1'-6"

-6"

+2'

-2"

-3"

-4.5"

-3"

0"

-7.5"

0"

-10"

R 5' R 10'

02A-04.2

02A-04.2

03A-04.3

03A-04.3

04A-04.4

04A-04.4

01A-04.1

01A-04.1

05A-03.1

06A-03.2

07A-03.3

08A-03.4

SOFFITABOVE

CORRIDOROUTLINE (TYP)


LINE OF PLANTER

FLOOR ABOVE

LINE OF PLANTER

OVERHANGABOVE

OVERHANG ABOVE

FLOOR ABOVE

FLOOR ABOVE

PLANTER

PLANTER

ADVERTISINGMARQUEE

OVERHANGABOVE

FLOOR ABOVE

DOWNSPOUTIN WALL (TYP)










BEAM ABOVE

PLANTER


SOFFITABOVE

LINE OF PLANTER

FLOORABOVE

DT WINDOW

DOWNSPOUTTO WALL (TYP)

FLOOR ABOVE

0.25"/1' SLOPE TO DRAINPROVIDE DRAIN HOLES@ FRONT WALL 18" O.C.

OVERHANG ABOVE

FLOOR ABOVE

12'X13' TRNSFORMERPAD OPEN TO ABOVE,SEE ELECTRICAL SET

FLOOR ABOVEFLOOR ABOVE

OVERHANG ABOVE







FLOOR ABOVE

ART WORK

COVE ABOVEGLASSTABLE

0.25" SLOPETO DRAIN

PLANTER

INDOORGARDEN

SECURITY/INFO

SEATING

31S

T S

TR

EE

T

FIGUEROA STREET

UP

UP

EXIT

EXIT

RESTAURANT SPACE

A: 3,655.62 sq ft

HOMEOWNERSHIP

A: 1,589.47 sq ft

Restrooms

A: 404.83 sq ft

LEASE SPACE

A: 1,536.06 sq ft

OFFICE

A: 303.85 sq ft

RESTROOMS

A: 576.00 sq ft

LOBBY/ CORRIDOR

A: 2,684.30 sq ft

D113

D112

105'

-7 3

/4"

2'-1

1 15

/16"

173'

37'-1

/16"

179'

-9 1

/8"

19'-3

"14

1'16

'3'

-6 1

/8"

73'-6

1/8

"

12'-1

1/4

"93

'-6 1

/2"

17'-1

/2"

41'-6

"35

'1'

101'

-7 3

/4"

54'

70' 22'-1 1/2" 58'-1 1/2" 18'-3 1/2" 76'-8 1/2"

15'-2

1/8

"12

'-7 3

/8"

2'-8

1/2

"3'

-6"

3'-1

/16"

22'-1

1 15

/16"

3'-8" 66'-4" 23' 57'-3" 22'-9"

15'-9" 13'-5" 5'-7 7/8" 1'-2 1/8" 16' 18' 22'-1 1/2" 1'-10 1/2" 27'-11 3/8" 46'-7 1/8" 55'-1 1/2" 7' 14'-7"

14'-1

1 1/

2"25

'-11

3/4"

5'-1

/2"

4'-1

1 1/

2"5'

-1/2

"4'

-11

1/2"

10'

5'-1

/2"

4'-1

1 1/

2"5'

-1/2

"4'

-11

1/2"

5'-1

/2"

4'-1

1 1/

2"5'

-1/2

"4'

-11

1/2"

5'-5

/16"

24'-5

1/2

"15

'-6 1

/2"

3'-1

/16"

16'-6

1/8

"

29'-8" 20'-5/8" 30'-1 13/16" 3'-9 9/16"

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"1st

Floor Plan


DN

SECURITY/INFO

W204

W206

W207

232D213

232D260

232D261

D259

D255

D242

W209

D208

W208

D206

D205

D207 D210 D214 D218 D221 D224 D225

D219

D239

D211

D228

D220 D222 D223

D212

D251

D209 D216 D217

D243

D201

D241

D246

W201

D229

D250

D247

D253

D236D238 D235 D234D254 D258

D267

D266D203

D254

D257

D265D268

D262

D261

D260

D263

D264

D258D259

D253

D255

D256

D251

D252

D202

D226

D227

D252

W210 W211

D215

D257

D204

W205 W203 W202

DN

DN

F

UP

UP

UP

10 11 12

1

2_A

3

1_B

2

A

3_A 4_A

4

HG

FE

DC

B

D_1

A_1

A_0

CB

C_1

C_2

DE

121110987

6_A

6

5_A

5

A

1

1_A 2_A

2 3 4

4_A

5

5_A

6

6_A7

F

8 8_A 9 9_A

G_1

D249D248

02A-04.2

02A-04.2

03A-04.3

03A-04.3

04A-04.4

04A-04.4

01A-04.1

01A-04.1

05A-03.1

06A-03.2

07A-03.3

08A-03.4

4'-9

5/8

"

89'

12'

18'

1'-3

"

257'

34'-6" 213'-6" 9'

4 7/

8"4'

-10

3/8"

4 7/

8"

29'-1 5/8"

4 7/8" 28'-8 3/4"

90'

15'

17'

2'85

'43

'

5'-7

1/8

"

10'-5

9/1

6"

32'-11 3/16"

19'-4

11/

16"

10'-6 1/2" 15'-6"

5'

4 7/8" 19'-5 3/16" 4 7/8"

2'-5 7/8"

2'-9

1/1

6"

2'-5 7/8"

6 1/

2"16

'-1 9

/16"

4 7/

8"16

'-3 1

/16"

6 1/

2"

4 7/

8"4'

-11

1/16

"6

1/2"

10'-1

9/1

6"4

7/8"

11'-7

1/8

"4

7/8"

10'-4

11/

16"

4 7/

8"

4 7/8" 19'-9 9/16" 4 7/8" 14'-7 1/8" 4 7/8" 14'-7 1/8"4 7/8"

14'-7 1/8" 4 7/8" 14'-6 15/16" 6 1/2" 14'-8 1/8" 4 7/8" 20'-10 11/16" 4 7/8"

2'-9

1/1

6"

10 1/2"

12'-5

1/4

"

10'-3 1/8" 4 7/8" 22'-5 3/16"

24'

4 7/

8"4'

-11

7/8"

4 7/

8"8'

-11

15/1

6"4 7

/8" 4'-7

1/8

"4

7/8"

19'

4 7/

8"

1'

18'-2"

15'-1

1/4

"23

'-4 1

1/16

"

4 7/

8"4'

-11

1/16

"6

1/2"

21'-1

9/1

6"4

7/8"

11'-3

1/1

6"6

1/2"

2'-6

5/8

"

4'-5 9/16"

4 7/

8"

14'-3 1/2" 3' 8 1/2"8 1/

2"1'-4

13/

16" 7 3/

16"

9'-5

1/4

"

68'-7 1/8" 22'-1 1/2" 1'-10 1/2" 114' 9'-9 7/8"

3'-8

7/8

"

12'-3

" 8'-3

"

44'-5

1/2

"6

1/2"

8'-2 3/16" 20'-6 5/16" 4'-4" 19'-3 1/2" 16'

1' 1'

1'-8" 2'

4'-2 1/2"

29'-1

3/4

"41

'-6"

36'-8

1/2

"

VA

RIE

S10

'-6"

2'29

'35

'-2 1

/8"

1'-1

3/8

"2'

-8 1

/2"

18' 37'-5 3/8"

90'

90'

5'-5 3/4" 1'-3 1/2" 11'-2 3/4" 18' 6 1/2" 9'-9 9/16"

1 1/

4"4 7

/8"

4'

11'-11 9/16" 4 7/8" 5'-1/16" 4 7/8" 21'-5 3/4"4 7/8"

5' 4 7/8" 17'-4 11/16" 4 7/8" 8'-4 11/16" 4 7/8"

1'-6 15/16"

1'-6 7/8"

34'-5 1/8"

1'-6

15/

16"3'-11 15/16"

8'-6

1/4

"

3'-7

/8"

8'

6 1/2" 49'-9 1/2"

2'-1

5/16

"

3'-9

1/8

"

4 7/8" 22'-4 11/16" 4 7/8" 15'-1 1/8" 4 7/8" 10'-7 1/8" 4 7/8" 10'-7 1/8" 4 7/8" 10'-7 1/8" 4 7/8" 10'-4 11/16" 4 7/8" 4'-10" 4 7/8" 33'-1 3/16" 4 7/8"

33'-1/2" 35'-3 1/2" 93'

161'-4"

13'-5 5/16" 4'-4"

+15'

+15'

+16'-6"

+18'

+14'-10"

+15'

R 8'-11 1/16"

R 20'-10 1/2"

88

127

92

CORNICE

BEAMDOWNSPOUTIN WALL (TYP)

SOFFIT ABOVE

W20

1


CORNICE

OVERHANG ABOVE

PLANTER

DOOR OVERHANG

ARCHWAYBELOW

PROJ. OFSHADE ABOVE

CENTER WALL@ MULLION (TYP)

EXPANSION JOINT

SHADE ABOVE

OVERHANG BELOWSHADE ABOVE



SKYLIGHTABOVE








CORNICE

ADVERTISINGMARQUEE BELOW

CORNICE


5.5'X6" SSLETTERING

10"X3" SSLETTERING


EXPANSION JOINT

ROOF

BOTTOM OFSLANTED WALL@ 2ND FLOOR


OPEN TO BELOW







SOFFIT ABOVE

OPENTO BELOW

OPENTO BELOW

OPEN TO BELOW

up

OPEN TO BELOW

CORRIDOR228A: 1,662.45 sq ft

CORRIDOR228A: 1,654.67 sq ft

RESTROOMS232A: 187.98 sq ft


Jan233A: 30.58 sq ft

Home Maintanence228A: 1,736.43 sq ft

Jan232A: 42.26 sq ft

STATE FARMA: 3,067.52 sq ft

D244

D245

D256

D232D233 D231D237 D230D240

BR KITCHEN202A: 303.87 sq ft

Filing223A: 589.78 sq ft

COMPUTER CENTER227A: 1,485.94 sq ft

BOARD ROOM201A: 709.48 sq ft

PRESIDENT'S MTNG203A: 292.18 sq ft

SM OFFICE 3207A: 164.87 sq ft

SUPPLIES/ FILING211A: 550.57 sq ft

KITCHEN217A: 263.50 sq ft

JM OFFICE 4219A: 118.77 sq ft


Assistants214A: 245.27 sq ft


JM Office 3212A: 99.00 sq ft

CONFERENCE215A: 441.83 sq ft

Filing223A: 589.78 sq ft

COMPUTER CENTER227A: 1,485.94 sq ft

BOARD ROOM201A: 709.48 sq ft

PRESIDENT'S MTNG203A: 292.18 sq ft



JM Office 3212A: 99.00 sq ft


LOUNGE216A: 330.39 sq ft


SUPPLIES/ FILING211A: 550.57 sq ft

PRESIDENT'S OFFICE204A: 224.29 sq ft




CD OFFICE210A: 371.29 sq ft


NHS Restrooms226A: 396.99 sq ft

NHS Restrooms226A: 396.99 sq ft

Restrooms225A: 610.40 sq ft



EQUIPMENT222A: 704.79 sq ft

FOIER229A: 927.94 sq ft

TRAINING/ HOME MAINTENANCE224A: 3,382.82 sq ft

TRAINING/ HOME MAINTENANCE224A: 3,359.91 sq ft

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"2nd

Floor Plan


D313D309

D307

W311

W314

W315

D312

D314 D315

D308

D301

D304D305

D306

D307

D308

D309

D310

D303

DN

DN

DN

W301

W308

W307

W306

W305

W304

W303

W302

W316

W317

D302

UP

B

10 11 12

1

2_A

3

1_B

2

A

3_A 4_A

4

HG

FE

DC

B

D_1

A_1

A_0

CB

C_1

C_2

DE

121110987

6_A

6

5_A

5

A

1

1_A 2_A

2 3 4

4_A

5

5_A

6

6_A7

F

8 8_A 911_A

11

D311

D306D310

02A-04.2

02A-04.2

03A-04.3

03A-04.3

04A-04.4

04A-04.4

01A-04.1

01A-04.1

05A-03.1

06A-03.2

07A-03.3

08A-03.4

4'-4"

10'

4'-2 3/16"

+-1

'-8 3

/4"

1'-1/8"

4'-5

/16"

38'-5 7/16"

31'-7

1/1

6"

179'

-6"

+-2

'

19'-1

13/

16"

2'-2 1/16"

34'-1 7/16"

+-5

'

8 1/

2"13

'-3/8

"8

1/2"

20'-4

"2'

-6"

68'-4"

208'

108'

-11

1/4"

39'-7

3/4

"2'

34'-6" 1'-6" 16' 103'-5 11/16" VARIES 9'-9 7/8"

5'-3

1/2

"4'

-8 1

/2"

5'-3

1/2

"4'

-8 1

/2"

5'-3

1/2

"10

'4'

-8 1

/2"

5'-3

1/2

"4'

-8 1

/2"

5'-3

1/2

"4'

-8 1

/2"

5'-3

1/2

"4'

-8 1

/2"

5'-3

1/2

"9'

-10

1/4"

33'

15'-6

"

+26'-10"

+30'-7"

+29'-6"

+30'

+30'-6"

+28'-6"

+30'

+28'-6"

+29'-6"

+28'-6"

+29'-6"

+28'-6"+29'-6"

+32'+32'

+30'-6"

+28'-6"

+28'-6"+30'-7"

+28'-6"

+27'-6"

+28'

+26'-10"

+29'-6"

+28'-6"

+28'-6"

+30'+28'

+26'-10"

+27'-1/8"

MECHANICAL SPACE

PROVIDE WATERPASS AS REQ'D PROVIDE WATER

PASS AS REQ'D

PROVIDE WATERPASS AS REQ'D



4"/1' SLOPETO DRAIN (TYP)

CANOPY ABOVE



ROOF BELOW

WINDOWSHADE ABOVE

OVERHANGBELOW

LINE OF OVERHANG LINE OF BALCONY BELOW

METAL GRILLE

ROOF OFBOARDROOM

BELOW

PLANTER EXPANSION JOINT

BOARDROOMSKYLIGHT

DIA 9"MTLPOST

OVERHANGABOVE

CANOPY SUPPORTABOVE

PLANTER

PLANTER

PLANTER

PLANTER

PLANTER

PLANTER






LIN

E O

F O

VE

RH

AN

G

PLANTER

BOTTOM OFSLANTED WALL@ 3RD FLOOR

PROJECTION OFSKYLIGHT ABOVE

PLANTER

PROJECTION OFSKYLIGHT ABOVE

PLANTER

PLANTER PROVIDE WATERPASS AS REQ'D

CANOPY ABOVE

PLANTER


PLANTER

ELEVATORBY OTHERS (TYP)


AC UNITS

CENTER OFLARGE ELLIPSE

CENTER OFSMALL ELLIPSE

LEASE SPACEA: 13,435.42 sq ft

EXIT

A: 108.28 sq ft

EXIT

A: 101.75 sq ft

ROOF ENTRYA: 424.33 sq ft

RESTROOMSA: 610.50 sq ft

D304

D305

+32'

DOOR OVERHANGABOVE

ROOFTOP GARDENA: 11,254.07 sq ft

MECHANICAL SPACEA: 795.65 sq ft

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"3rd

Floor Plan


1 2 3 4

4_A

5

5_A

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0"0 1 floor

0"0 1 floor

+15'1 2 floor

+15'1 2 floor

+27'2 3 floor

+27'2 3 floor

+39'3 roof

+39'3 roof

15'

12'

12'

12'

15'

12'

12'

9'-6"

43'-7 7/8"

0"-5 3/8"

12'

30'-6 15/16"

25'-1"

85100

80

STC 1

MTL 1

STC 1

STC 1

STC 1

STC 1 STC 2

STC 1

STC 1

MTL 1

MTL 1

MTL 1

MTL 1

SILICONEBUTTJOINT(TYP)

STC 1

MTL 5

MTL 5

MTL 5

MTL 1

MTL 1

STC 1

MTL 1

MTL 1MTL 1

MTL 1

MTL 1

STC 2

OPENOPEN

WINDOW SHADE

WINDOW SHADE

ROOFTOP GARDEN - OPEN

OPEN

TY

P

NOTE: CANOPY SHOWN WITHOUTPERFORATED METAL SHADE UNDER

STC 1

STC 1

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"05

South Elevation


1234

4_A

5

5_A

6789101112

0"0 1 floor

0"0 1 floor

+15'1 2 floor

+15'1 2 floor

+27'2 3 floor

+27'2 3 floor

+39'3 roof

+39'3 roof

15'

12'

12'

12'

15'

30'-6"

37'

48'

12'

27'

30'-6"

24'-2 1/2"

49'-6"

0"

8'-6"

18'-6"

49'-6"

0"

30'

42'

0"

3'

30'

39'

42'

15'

12'

12'

STC 2

STC 2

STC 2

STC 2

STC 2

STC 2

MTL 1

MTL 1

STC 1

STC 1

STC 1 STC 2

STC 2

STC 2

STC 1

STC 1

STC 1

STC 1

OPENOPEN

OPEN

OPEN

NOTE: CANOPY SHOWN WITHOUTPERFORATED METAL SHADE UNDER

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"07

North Elevation

Himalayan Summit Survey design competition,CEPT 2015 august

ANDC 2015 D.Y.P.C.O.A 5 5 2


S-01

S-01

S-0

2

23 x 0.068 = 1.500

23 x 0.159 = 3.500

15 x

0.050

= 0.7

50

23 x 0.068 = 1.500

23 x 0.159 = 3.500

19 x 0.184 = 3.500

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

1617

18

19

17 x 0.176 = 3.000

1

2

3

4

5 6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

1415

16

17

0. Ground Floor 1:400

Amphitheatre +3500Art gallery +0

Food stalls +1000Museum -430

Book keep -430

Master plan


31.667

56.360

39.244 57.347

26.906

51.288

51.979

103.434

9

Mast plan sections


0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story

0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story

S-01 Building Section 1:500


ANDC 2015 D.Y.P.C.O.A 5 5 2

Mast plan sections


0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story

0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story



Mast plan sections

section aa

section aa

section bb

section bb

10ANDC Design competition,2015 august

Mast plan sections


0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story

0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story



ANDC 2015 D.Y.P.C.O.A 5 5 2

Mast plan sections


0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story

0.0000 Ground Floor

0.0000 Ground Floor

+3.1001 Story

+3.1001 Story

+6.2002 Story

+6.2002 Story

+11.7003 Story

+11.7003 Story



Mast plan sections

section aa

section aa

section bb

section bb

10

Hyper Market Design Nov 2015

Campus Planning Design

May 2016

Tensile roof Prototyping Frei Otto Workshop. Chandigarh college of architecture Jan 2016

DayanandaSagarAcademyofTechnologyandManagementNa6onalConferenceonGreenCompu6ngTechnologiesNCCSTM2016

Low-cost housing for coal field labourers working in thermal-plant SreeKrishna Angiras, Students of 8th semester, School of Architecture, DSATM

Shruti Nath - Asst. Prof., School of Architecture, DSATM

ABSTRACT

The manuscript discusses the research relate to the study of Incremental Housing models as a contribution to achieve hospitable and inhabitable living standards specifically for the low-income labour-force employees of a thermal plant in Bijapur, (Karnataka, India)

The coal, soot and fly-ash excreted by a thermal plant as residue, seem to control the radioactivity and hygiene causing natural & social imbalance which are the major catalysts for generating social disparities on the quality of life. This situation contributes negatively to social development and has consequences in public health.

Design modules and layout morphology are produced without rules resulting in a precarious and minimum of housing standards. The research focuses the housing model that can be applied to promote the housing transformation and its integration in the formal urban area. The intervention model also allows the rehabilitation and improves the housing safety by regenerating the local activities to change the dynamics of unregulated development of the informal areas.

Integration of fly ash has been used as a dominant component as structural material for planning, housing construction and neighbourhood development which allows to achieve the most appropriate solution when it comes to economical and affordability. Fly ash also reinforces the sensation of inclusion in the neighbourhood contributing to sustainable development.

The research findings are supported on the case study: GMR thermal plant, Anugul, Orissa NTPC thermal plant, Vishakhpatnam, Andhra Pradesh Industrial district - Chandigarh , Panchkula

The site for hypothetical prototyping of housing based on research: 750 meters North of Kudgi Thermal plant, Bijapur district,

karnataka, India.

Keywords- Coal, Fly Ash, Radioactive, Design

I. INTRODUCTION

Many new industries are rising as the demands for energy resources has to be met. The study of peoples efficiency with respect to their working environment in large scale industries are often ignored. Ergonomic design for a housing project of such genre demands for concern.

In India, most of the power plants operate in the vicinity of coal fields. Major coal fields of India are situated in the eastern region, in Bihar and West Bengal, which are densely populated. Natural radioactivity content of coal from these coal fields is also slightly higher than that from other coal fields of India . Hence combustion of coal results in higher collective doses to the population in this part of the country. Thus special attention is to be given to the radiological impact of these power plants.

Villages in the adjunct vicinity of a thermal plant often provides employment to the residents but at the cost of acquisition. There many instances where the housing provided for the LIG sectors for large scale heavy industries are of inhospitable standards.

Accessibility and minimum resources to be provided. This proposal will present itself as a prototype to all the small & large scale industries, how the housing and planning of closed colonies are designed with implementations of advancements in technology per say. Proposed project will be hypothetically executed in Bijapur karnataka which is in the verge of turning into an heavy industrial district.

II. ASH & COAL AND BY THERMAL PLANTS Coal, like most materials found in nature, contains trace quantities of naturally occurring radionuclides, 238U, 232Th, 40K. Combustion of coal thus enhances natural radiation in the vicinity of the thermal power plants by release of these radionuclides and their daughters into the surrounding ecosystem. Unlike most of the nuclear and hydroelectric power stations, coal-fired power stations in India are generally located in areas which are thickly populated and, hence, the environmental impact experienced by the neighbouring population is significant.

Apart from inhalation, an additional radiation hazard can be solid fallout resulting in elevated concentrations of natural radionuclides in the surface soils around the power plants. The release of some of these residues to the environment, either directly through stack releases or indirectly from waste storage areas, results in redistribution of natural radioactivity from deep under the earth to locations where it can modify ambient radiation fields and population exposure. Whether or not this redistribution constitutes a potential health problem has become a matter of public and scientific concern.

III. FLY ASH BRICKS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. ABOUT FLY ASH:Fly Ash bricks are made of fly ash, lime, gypsum cement and sand. These can be extensively used in all building constructional activities similar to that of common burnt clay bricks. The fly ash bricks are comparatively lighter in weight and stronger than common clay bricks. Since fly ash is being accumulated as waste material in large quantity near thermal power plants and creating serious environmental pollution problems, its utilisation as main raw material in the manufacture of bricks will not only create ample opportunities for its proper and useful disposal but also help in environmental pollution control to a greater extent in the surrounding areas of power plants. Manufacturing of commercial brick produce a lot of air pollution. The technology adopted for making. The fly ash bricks are eco-friendly. It is no need fire operation in production unlike the conventional bricks Among the traditional fossil fuel sources, coal exists in quantities capable of supplying a large portion of nations energy need. Thats why the power sector in India is a major consumer of coal in India and will continue to remain so far many years to come. Combustion of coal in thermal power plant not only produces steam to run electricity generating turbine but also produces a large quantity of by-products like fly ash etc. About 80 thermal power plants in India are sources of fly ash, where around millions of tonnes of coal are used annually. India currently generates 100 million tones of fly ash every year. This produces 30- 40 million tonnes of fly ash unused every year. This disposal will need thousands hectares of storage land, which may cause further ecological imbalance. In fact, this waste material is simply disposed off in the form aqueous slurry on the adjoining areas. This type of disposal not

only converts useful agricultural land to waste ones but also possesses a threat to the quality of environment. The human development of united nation development programme indicates that annually 83-163 million hectares of land is eroded in India causing productivity loss of about 4 to 6.3% of the total agricultural output worth $2.4 billion. Therefore, using fly ash as a building material has assumed great significance like never before. Several investigations have been carried out throughout the world to make an attempt to use fly ash in many civil engineering projects by virtue of its good properties as an ingredient of concrete. The Comparison between Clay brick and Fly ash Brick is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Comparison between Clay brick and Fly ash Bricks

Clay Brick Fly Ash Brick

Varying colour as per soil Uniform pleasing colour like cement

Uneven shape as hand made Lightly bonded Dense composition

Plastering required No plastering required

Heavier in weight Lighter in weight

Compressive strength is around 100 Kg/Cm2

Compressive strength is around 35 Kg/Cm2

More porous Less porous

Thermal conductivity 0.90-1.05 W/m2C

Thermal conductivity 1.25 1.35 W/m2C

Water absorption 20%-25% Water absorption 6-12%

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 91, NO. 10, 25 NOVEMBER 2006 1391

Table 3. Radioactivity in ash, dose rate emitted from ash ponds, annual external effective dose rate (mSv y1), radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and external hazard index (Hex) from ash of Bandel thermal power plant 238U 232Th 40K Dose rate Annual external effective Raeq Hex Sample no. (Bq kg1) (Bq kg1) (Bq kg1) (nGy h1) dose rate (mSv y1) (Bq kg1) (Bq kg1)

BAP1 116.6 139.9 327.7 152.0 0.186 342 0.92 BAP2 128.4 123.9 296.9 146.6 0.180 328 0.89 BAP3 133.4 111.6 332.8 142.9 0.175 319 0.86 BAP4 78.5 62.8 307.2 87.0 0.107 192 0.52 BAP5 183.4 118.2 174.1 163.4 0.200 366 0.99 BAP6 130.2 94.8 417.3 134.8 0.165 298 0.80 BAP7 118.3 92.6 396.8 127.1 0.156 281 0.76 Mean 126.9 106.3 321.8 136.3 0.167 304 0.82 Table 4. Comparison of mean activity coefficients of radionuclides (U, Th and K) and absorbed dose rates from ashes of Kolaghat, Durgapur and Bandel compared with other thermal power plants in India Activity (Bq kg1)

Thermal power station (India) 226Ra 228Ac 40K Absorbed dose rates (nGt h1) Reference

Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) 78.4 89.1 362.7 107.59 2 Angul (Orissa) 78.5 86.5 278.1 102.38 2 Badarpur (Delhi) 75.5 88.1 286.4 102.50 2 Chandrapur (Madhya Pradesh) 58.2 89.2 301.2 96.46 2 Raichur (Karnataka) 83.1 102.5 334.1 117.27 2 Talchir (Orissa) 79.2 96.3 291.6 109.73 2 Bokaro (Bihar) 70.3 118.4 252.0 118.91 5 Ramagundam (Andhra Pradesh) 59.2 95.1 507.0 109.38 5 Neyvelli (Tamil Nadu) 64 126.9 370.0 126.76 5 Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh) 49.2 106.2 329.3 105.04 5 Nasik (Maharashtra) 126.9 138.0 279.0 157.18 5 Nellore (Andhra Pradesh) 64 126.9 370.0 126.76 5 Farakka (West Bengal) 84.1 98.8 297.1 113.71 2 Bakreshwar (West Bengal) 76.3 87.5 288.1 102.52 2 Kolaghat (West Bengal) 111.4 140.2 350.7 150.8 Present work Durgapur (West Bengal) 97.3 107.5 315.8 123.0 Present work Bandel (West Bengal) 126.9 106.3 321.8 136.3 Present work

Figure 1. Mean radioactivity in coal used and in ash from Kolaghat, Durgapur and Bandel thermal power plants.

tration in the ash. According to UNSCEAR7,8, the mean natural radionuclide concentration in coal is 35 Bq kg1 (range: 1760) for 238U, 30 Bq kg1 (range: 164) for

232Th and 400 Bq kg1 (range: 140850) for 40K. The radio-nuclide concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K in feed coal samples from Kolaghat, Durgapur and Bandel thermal power plants is 37, 48 and 130 Bq kg1 respectively; 24, 38 and 82 Bq kg1 respectively; 42, 65 and 179 Bq kg1 respectively. The feed coal in power plants contains 2 to 3 times less natural radionuclides than ash (Figure 1). Raeq is related to the external gamma dose and internal dose due to radon and its daughters. The maximum value of Raeq in building materials must be less than 370 Bq kg1 for safe use and the maximum value of Hex allowed is unity corresponding to the upper limit of Raeq (370 Bq kg1). The mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), mean exter-nal hazard index (Hex) and range of radium equivalent and external hazard of samples in major thermal power plants of West Bengal are calculated based on eqs (3) and (4) and are given in Tables 13. The calculated values of Raeq ranges from 318 to 357 Bq kg1, with average of 339 Bq kg1 is Kolaghat ash; 259 to 294 Bq kg1 with

2. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH As per Table 2 & Fig.1, the compressive strength of conventional brick is found to be 92.85 kg/cm2 , for fly ash brick without cement is found to be 125.9 kg/cm2, fly ash brick with 3% cement is found to be 141 kg/cm2 and fly ash brick with 5% cement is found to be 152 kg/cm2. Table 2: Table 4: Compressive strength

3. WATER ABSORPTION TESTAs per the Table 3 & Fig 2 the average absorbed moister content of conventional brick is found to be 10.45% , for fly ash brick without cement is found to be 7.63%, fly ash brick with 3% cement is found to be 6.06% and fly ash brick with 5% cement is found to be 5.41%.

VI. DISCUSSION

Module Composition - Based on the analyses conducted both to population and the settlement itself, was calculated the average area per person (area required for this specific population) and the average number per family unit (there is a large percentage of households with 2 to 4 elements) which originates two adapted and evolutive base modules. One (module A) with an implantation area of 55.3 m2 and one patio of 11.7 m2 that allows the evolution by expansion and other (module B) with 60.3 m2 implantation area plus a small patio with 17m2. In this way, the designed strategy of incremental housing focuses on a modular logic, where the base module is not repeated by mere overlay, but occupies different positions in space, generating different types of aggregation based on major "existing" typologies. The application of these new modules in a phased process allows to create a more ruled settlement appearance, without jeopardising its identity to avoid the shock associated to an abrupt change that is typical of common relocation situations and allows at the same time solves the problem of where to accommodate the population during the execution of the work. The incremental process is done according to the overall intervention plan (roads, streets, access, areas of public space and equipment), and taking into account the condition and construction quality of current housing, replacing first the most urgent housing. The phasing implies addition to replacing the existing tents by the new housing modules, the gradual improvement of public space through new reception areas and gardens, the creation of a central square which will host small commerce activities, as well as the development of housing. Phase I evolves into a phase II and simultaneously to a phase III until the whole settlement is rehabilitated. This sequential process ensures a component of evaluation and monitoring that allows plan adjustments to changes in initial premises.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 National Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology

(AET- 29th March 2014)

Maharishi Markandeshwar University 51 | P a g e

Table 3: Sieve Analysis of fine Aggregate Size of

Sieve

Weight

Retained in

IS Sieve (gm)

Cumulative

Weight Retained in IS Sieve

Percentage

Retained

Percentage

passing

Grading

Limit according to

IS :383-1970

10 mm

0 0 0 100

Zone III

4.75 mm

0 0 0 100

2.36 mm

11 6 2.1 97.9

1.18 mm

34 30 4.5 95.5

600 micron

165 195 21 79

300 micron

622 832 83.2 16.8

150 micron

98 930 93 7

Fineness Modules=496.2/100=4.96 Weight of sample taken=1 KG

V. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAME

In the present study, fly ash brick is developed with different composition. Fly ash (55), Lime (20%), sand (20%), gypsum

(5%), Cement (0%) Fly ash (52), Lime (20%), sand (20%), gypsum

(5%), Cement (3%) Fly ash (50) Lime (20%), sand (20%), gypsum

(5%), Cement (5%) The fly ash bricks were tested as per IS

12894-1990 that is coed for fly ash-lime bricks and the conventional bricks were tested as per procedure laid down in IS 3495-1973 for the following test: Compressive Strength Water absorption Efflorescence

1. Compressive Strength test

The red and fly ash bricks were tested on the compressive testing machine of capacity 100 tones which read to the nearest 0.5 tonne. The load was applied steadily and uniformly. 6 bricks of each type were tested for compressive strength. The average compressive strength was calculated.

2. Water absorption test The red and fly ash bricks were dried and

weighted. These were then immersed in water for 24 hours and then weighted again. The bricks were tested in accordance with procedure laid down in IS 3495 (Part-II) 1976 (36). 3. Efflorescence test

Red and fly ash bricks 5 number each were selected at random out of the samples of red and fly ash bricks. Then each bricks was placed on edge in dish containing distilled water, the depth of immersion of the brick was not less than 2.5 cm. The whole arrangement was placed to in a ventilated room at 20 to 30 C until whole of water in the dish evaporated .when the water has been absorbed and bricks appeared to be dried, a similar quantity of distilled water was put in the dish and same was allowed to evaporate as before. At the end of this period, the brick was examined for efflorescence.

VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT & DISCUSSION

6.1 Compressive Strength Test As per the Table 4 & Fig 1 the compressive

strength of conventional brick is found to be 92.85 kg/cm2 , for fly ash brick without cement is found to be 125.9 kg/cm2, fly ash brick with 3% cement is found to be 141 kg/cm2 and fly ash brick with 5% cement is found to be 152 kg/cm2.

Table 4: Compressive strength Type of

specimen Mean load at failure

Average compress

ive Strength (kg/cm2)

% Increase Average

compressive strength

Conventional brick

208.3 92.85 -

Fly ash brick (0%)

281.8 125.9 35%

Fly ash brick (3%)

314.7 141 51.8%

Fly ash brick (5%)

342.2 152.1 63.3%

Fig 1: Compressive Strength graph




Table 3: Sieve Analysis of fine Aggregate Size of

Sieve

Weight

Retained in

IS Sieve (gm)

Cumulative

Weight Retained in IS Sieve

Percentage

Retained

Percentage

passing

Grading

Limit according to

IS :383-1970

10 mm

0 0 0 100

Zone III

4.75 mm

0 0 0 100

2.36 mm

11 6 2.1 97.9

1.18 mm

34 30 4.5 95.5

600 micron

165 195 21 79

300 micron

622 832 83.2 16.8

150 micron

98 930 93 7

Fineness Modules=496.2/100=4.96 Weight of sample taken=1 KG

V. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAME

In the present study, fly ash brick is developed with different composition. Fly ash (55), Lime (20%), sand (20%), gypsum

(5%), Cement (0%) Fly ash (52), Lime (20%), sand (20%), gypsum

(5%), Cement (3%) Fly ash (50) Lime (20%), sand (20%), gypsum

(5%), Cement (5%) The fly ash bricks were tested as per IS

12894-1990 that is coed for fly ash-lime bricks and the conventional bricks were tested as per procedure laid down in IS 3495-1973 for the following test: Compressive Strength Water absorption Efflorescence

1. Compressive Strength test

The red and fly ash bricks were tested on the compressive testing machine of capacity 100 tones which read to the nearest 0.5 tonne. The load was applied steadily and uniformly. 6 bricks of each type were tested for compressive strength. The average compressive strength was calculated.

2. Water absorption test The red and fly ash bricks were dried and

weighted. These were then immersed in water for 24 hours and then weighted again. The bricks were tested in accordance with procedure laid down in IS 3495 (Part-II) 1976 (36). 3. Efflorescence test

Red and fly ash bricks 5 number each were selected at random out of the samples of red and fly ash bricks. Then each bricks was placed on edge in dish containing distilled water, the depth of immersion of the brick was not less than 2.5 cm. The whole arrangement was placed to in a ventilated room at 20 to 30 C until whole of water in the dish evaporated .when the water has been absorbed and bricks appeared to be dried, a similar quantity of distilled water was put in the dish and same was allowed to evaporate as before. At the end of this period, the brick was examined for efflorescence.

VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT & DISCUSSION

6.1 Compressive Strength Test As per the Table 4 & Fig 1 the compressive

strength of conventional brick is found to be 92.85 kg/cm2 , for fly ash brick without cement is found to be 125.9 kg/cm2, fly ash brick with 3% cement is found to be 141 kg/cm2 and fly ash brick with 5% cement is found to be 152 kg/cm2.

Table 4: Compressive strength Type of

specimen Mean load at failure

Average compress

ive Strength (kg/cm2)

% Increase Average

compressive strength

Conventional brick

208.3 92.85 -

Fly ash brick (0%)

281.8 125.9 35%

Fly ash brick (3%)

314.7 141 51.8%

Fly ash brick (5%)

342.2 152.1 63.3%

Fig 1: Compressive Strength graph




6.2 Water absorption test As per the Table 5 & Fig 2 the average absorbed moister content of conventional brick is found to be 10.45% , for fly ash brick without cement is found to be 7.63%, fly ash brick with 3% cement is found to be 6.06% and fly ash brick with 5% cement is found to be 5.41%.

Table 5: Water Absorption Test Type of

specimen Mean Dry

Weight

(Kg)

Mean Moist Weig

ht (Kg)

Average Water Absorption %

% Decreas

e in Water

Absorption

Conventional brick

3.12 3.45 10.45 -

Fly ash brick (0%)

2.57 2.77 7.63 27%

Fly ash brick (3%)

2.66 2.85 6.06 42%

Fly ash brick (5%)

2.83 2.99 5.41 48%

Fig 2: Water Absorption test graph in percentage

6.3 Efflorescence test Table 6 shows the details of efflorescence

test. The Efflorescence test of conventional brick, fly ash brick without cement, fly ash brick with 3% cement & fly ash brick with 5% cement and the result were compared in which grey or white deposits are slight to moderate in conventional brick, less than 10% on surface area in fly ash brick without cement, less than 8% on surface area in fly ash brick with 3% cement and less than 7% on surface area in fly ash brick with 5% cement.

Table 6: Efflorescence test Conventional brick Slight to moderate

Fly ash brick (0%) The grey deposit are less than 10%



VII. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK On the basis of the experimental work it is

concluded that the compressive strength of fly ash brick with 0% cement is 27% more than that of class I conventional brick but when 3% cement is added in the fly ash brick then compressive strength is 51.8% more than that of class I conventional brick and also when 5% cement added in fly ash brick then the compressive strength is more than 63%. It is also analyzed that water absorption of fly ash brick with 0% cement is 27% less as compared to that of conventional bricks and 42% less as compared to conventional brick when 3% cement is added and 48% less as compared to conventional brick when 5% cement is added. The Efflorescence test of conventional brick, fly ash brick without cement, fly ash brick with 3% cement & fly ash brick with 5% cement and the result were compared in which grey or white deposits are slight to moderate in conventional brick, less than 10% on surface area in fly ash brick without cement, less than 8% on surface area in fly ash brick with 3% cement and less than 7% on surface area in fly ash brick with 5% cement. Fly-Ash bricks are eco friendly as it protects environment though conservation of top soil and utilization of waste products of coal or lignite used in thermal power plants. It is three times stronger than the conventional burnt clay bricks. It plays a vital role in the abatement of carbon dioxide a harmful green house gas mass emission of which is threatening to throw the earths atmosphere out of balance. Being lighter in weight as compared to conventional bricks, dead load on the structure is reduced and hence saving is overall cost of construction.

The possibility of using innovative building materials and eco-friendly technologies, more so covering waste material like fly ash is the need of the hour. Fly ash affects the plastic properties of concrete by improving workability, reducing water demand, reducing segregation and bleeding, and lowering heat of hydration. It also increases strength, reduces permeability, reduces corrosion of reinforcing steel, increases sulphate, resistance, and reduces alkali-aggregate reaction. REFERENCES

[1] Gupta P.C, Ray S. C. , Commercialization of Fly ash, The Indian Concrete Journal, 167, 1993, 554-560.

[2] Sengupta J. , Availability of Fly ash and its Application in Construction Industry, NBO Journal, XXXIX, 1984, 17-22.

[3] Thorne , D.L. , Watt , J.D. , Composition and Properties of pulverized fuel ashes,

In 2008 the Town Hall of Odivelas declared as Critical Area for Recovery and Urban Reconversion (ACRRU) the site of Barruncho, because the profound social and urban decay observed in this area. The methodology results in a construction model applied in Barruncho that is capable to solve the housing problems and create positive impacts at environmental, economic and social levels: Cradle-to-Cradle posits that mankind can have a positive, restorative, beneficial impact on the environment. (Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute, 2013). The model is associated with a modular incremental housing concept that presents economic and environmental advantages. The standard incremental house concept allows an optimization in terms of costs, construction time, and resources management but also in a design strategy that suits the Barruncho social dynamic.

Module Composition - Based on the analyzes conducted both to population and the settlement itself, was calculated the average area per person (area required for this specific population) and the average number per family unit (there is a large percentage of households with 2 to 4 elements) which originates two adapted and evolutive base modules. One (module A) with an implantation area of 55.3 m2 and one patio of 11.7 m2 that allows the evolution by expansion and other (module B) with 60.3 m2 implantation area plus a small patio with 17m2. In this way, the designed strategy of incremental housing focuses on a modular logic, where the base module is not repeated by mere overlay, but occupies different positions in space, generating different types of aggregation based on major "existing" typologies currently at Barruncho. The application of these new modules in a phased process allows to create a more ruled settlement appearance, without jeopardizing its identity to avoid the shock associated to an abrupt change that is typical of common relocation situations and allows at the same time solves the problem of where to accommodate the population during the execution of the work. The incremental process is done according to the overall intervention plan (roads, streets, access, areas of public space and equipment), and taking into account the condition and construction quality of current housing, replacing first the most urgent housing. The phasing implies addition to replacing the existing tents by the new housing modules, the gradual improvement of public space through new reception areas and gardens, the creation of a central square which will host small commerce activities, as well as the development of housing. Phase I evolves into a phase II and simultaneously to a phase III until the whole settlement is rehabilitated. This sequential process ensures a component of evaluation and monitoring that allows plan adjustments to changes in initial premises.

Module A. This module was designed to develop by expansion. The base module (to a couple) is

constituted by a social area, a private area and an outdoor area capable of evolution (an outdoor patio). The dimensions of the social area were carefully designed not to be too big at an early stage, which could result in a misappropriation or in an uncomfortable space; neither too small in a more advance stage, ensuring an adequate area to a larger number of inhabitants. In first phase of evolution, due to the household increasement or the need for more area, the base module evolves by expansion, through the construction of a second room in the zone previously designed for this evolution (patio). In a second phase a staircase is built in the second room, which will give access to an upper floor built in this phase where new rooms will be built as required. At this stage, the rooms offer flexibility strategies; being fixed only the exterior walls and the sanitary area. At last, when the household decreases or the children get married and need their own home, the lower floor access is closed and transformed into an independent access, turning the two floors house on two houses with independent accesses allowing through the evolution by division that the house always accompanys the household changes (see figure 2).

30th INTERNATIONAL PLEA CONFERENCE 16-18 December 2014, CEPT University, Ahmedabad

6

Figure 2 Module A evolution scheme.

Module B. This typology more rigid in terms of the modules physical limits (doesnt evolve by expansion) but the interior is more free and flexible and can be changed and adapted to new needs, allowing to develop by division (transformation into two independent modules). The concept goes through keeping fix the wet areas and allowing that the rest constituting the free plan, able to host some of the space flexibility desired, through walls-cabinets (cabinets that stretch from floor to ceiling turning into divisions); fake-walls; folding walls. Thus the spaces are open to changes at function level, punctually in area and sometimes through the day (egg. at daytime one division is a living room with sofa; at night the sofa becomes a bed), (see figure 3).

Figure 3 Module B evolution scheme.

Material Selection

The adaptability to the family needs is the objective of Incremental Housing It is important that its constructive system be accessible. Thus, the modules were designed allowing its construction by two people, due to its simple geometry and easy materials application. The materials choice also consisted in the identification of materials according to the principles of Cradle-to-Cradle: natural and local materials with low environmental impact (low emission of C02 e/m2 and embodied energy); economically viable; recycling potential and compatible with local population culture and know-how. According to the territorial analysis, the most common and environmentally effective material in Barruncho housing is the adobe brick. However, due to the advantages and the easy access to land as raw material, it is proposed the use of Compressed Earth Bricks (BTC). The manufacturing process is fast and doesnt need an oven. This allows a production with natural resources and almost with no transport efforts, reflected in cost reduction. The earth construction is an easily adaptable and teachable technology that allows unqualified people to learn a skill, increasing social values and creating and opportunity for local business. Based on Cradle-to-Cradle model, the embodied energy and emissions calculation is an important tool for material sustainability and efficient evaluation about the harmful gases emissions and energy consumption. According to the evaluation by Auroville Earth Institute3, the BTC are about four times less pollution and spend about four times less energy than normal bricks (see table1).

Table 1. Sustainability and Environmental Friendliness of BTC

Initial Embodied Energy per m3 of wall

Pollution Emission (Kg of CO2) per m3 of wall

BTC wall = 631MJ/m3 BTC wall = 56.79 Kg/m3 Kiln Fired Brick (KFB) = 2,356

MJ/m3 Kiln Fired Brick (KFB) = 230.06

Kg/m3 Country Fired Brick (CFB) = 6,35

8MJ/m3 Country Fired Brick (CFB) = 547.30

Kg/m3 Note: Kiln fired bricks are often called wire cut bricks. (Unesco Chair Earthen Architecture- AVEI)

CONCLUSION

Housing is perhaps the biggest problem of actual societies since it is a basic human need. But, the

3 http://www.earth-auroville.com/ (May 2014)

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Research Paper Published NCCSTM Bangalore

May 2016

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