APLNG 412 Presentation

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Adjectives

Xuan & Sung Hee APLNG 484

03/04/2009



D

efinition and function of Adjectivesy Adjectives are words used to describe nouns,

giving more information about nouns, modifying a

noun by describing, identifying or qualifying

words.ex) The teacher is strict with the students.

I had a crush on the very man I saw

yesterday.

I expect that many students would come.It is my way.

She is the only child.



Two types of adjectives

(Positions)y Attributive : before the noun

y Predicative : after be copula and other copula or linking verbs

ex)I think Julia Roberts in Pretty Woman is pretty .

Attributive Predicative

ex) We feel bad for your loss.

ex) There are a lot of databases (which are)

accessi ble to Penn State students.ex) Coffee makes me (to be) sober .



Inherently predicative adjectives1. Adjectives with an a- prefix

y The baby is aslee p/ awake. (* the asleep/awake baby)

y The twins are alike. (* the alike twins)

2. Prepositional phrases of adjectives

y We were sur prised by the fan¶s response.

y We are strongly o pposed to racial discrimination.

y I am tired of you.

y Were you satisfied with the Korean food?

3. He is not well . /He is not a well man. (healthy)



Meaning changes depending on

positiony We were late for class.

y The late Heath Ledger has won the Oscar for

best supporting actor at the 81st Academy

Awards.

y Bush was present at Obama inauguration in

January.

y

The present President of America is Obama.

y Oh, you poor thing!

y My friend is poor .



Hyphenated adjectives

y The five-year-old boy was injured.

y The injured boy was five years old .

y He is kind of family-oriented person.

y Shakespeare is a well-known British writer.

y The poster of Slumdog Millionare.

y 3 day forecast or 3-day forecast?



Present Participles(-ing) vs. Past

Participles (-ed)

I nteresting vs. interested

ex) Here are some films I find interesting .

(active meaning)

Do you think we are interested in the samekinds of films? (passive meaning)

Ex) The Department of ( A pplied / A pplying

)Linguistics is an intellectually(engaged / engaging ) community dedicated to the

scholarly and professional development of its

graduate students«Their

(varied / varying )background and interests

contribute to a vibrant communit of scholars.



Order of Attribute Adjectives

y 1. Opinion or judgment--beautiful, ugly, easy,

interesting

y 2. Size--small, tall, big

y 3. Age--young, old, newy 4. Shape--round, square

y 5. Color--red, black

y 6. Nationality--French, Asian, American

y 7. Material--wooden, plastic

y 8. Purpose or qualifier--fishing boat, racing car

Q: Do you know who lives in that cute brick tiny

ranch-style house?

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APLNG 412 Presentation