ARA Comodoro Rivadavia

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For the survey ship, seeARA Comodoro Rivadavia (Q-11).

ARA Rivadavia

Career Argentine Navy

Name: Rivadavia

Namesake: Bernardino Rivadavia

Builder: Fore River Shipbuilding

Company

Laid down: 25 May 1910

Launched: 26 August 1911

Commissioned: 27 August 1914

Decommissioned: 1952

Fate: Sold to Italy for scrapping in

1957, scrapped later

General characteristics
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Type: Rivadavia-classbattleship

Displacement:27,500 long tons(27,900 t)standard,30,100 long tons (30,600 t)full

load[1]

Length:594 ft 9 in (181.28 m)oa,585 ft (178 m)pp[1]

Beam: 98 ft 4.5 in (29.985 m)[1]

Draft: 27 ft 8.5 in (8.446 m)[1]

Propulsion:3-shaft,Curtisgearedturbines,18Babcock & Wilcoxboilers;40,000shp(29,828 kW)[1]

Speed: 22.5 knots (25.9 mph;41.7 km/h)[1]

Range:7,000 nautical miles (8,100 mi;13,000 km) at 15 knots(17 mph; 28 km/h)[1]11,000 nautical miles(13,000 mi; 20,000 km) at 11knots (13 mph; 20 km/h)

[1]

Armament:12 12-inch (305 mm) guns[1]12 6-inch (152 mm) guns[1]16 4-inch (102 mm) guns[1]2 21-inch (533 mm)torpedo

tubes[1]

Armor:Belt:1210 inches (300250 mm)[1]Turrets: 12 inches (305 mm)[1]Casemates: 91/36

1/5inches(238159 mm)

[1]Conning tower: 12 inches(300 mm)[1]

ARA Rivadavia[A]was an Argentine battleship built during theSouth American dreadnought race.

Named after the first Argentine president,Bernardino Rivadavia,[2]it was thelead shipofits

class.Morenowas Rivadavia's onlysister ship.

In 1907, the Brazilian government placed an order for two of the powerful new "dreadnought"

warships as part of a larger naval construction program. Argentina quickly responded, as the

Brazilian ships outclassed anything in the Argentine fleet. After an extendedbidding process,

contracts to design and build Rivadaviaand Morenowere given to the AmericanFore River

Shipbuilding Company.During their construction, there were rumors that the ships might be sold to a
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country engaged in the First World War, but both were commissioned into the Argentine

Navy. Rivadaviaunderwent extensive refits in the United States in 1924 and 1925. The ship saw no

active service during the Second World War, and its last cruise was made in 1946.Strickenfrom the

naval register in 1957, Rivadaviawas sold later that year and broken up for scrap starting in 1959.

Contents

[hide]

1 Background

2 Construction and trials

3 Attempted sale

4 Service

5 Footnotes

6 Endnotes

7 References

8 External links

Background[edit]

Main article:South American dreadnought race

Rivadavia's genesis can be traced to the naval arms races between Chile and Argentina which were

spawned by territorial disputes over their mutual borders inPatagoniaandPuna de Atacama,along

with control of theBeagle Channel.These arms races flared up in the 1890s and again in 1902; the

latter was eventually stopped through British mediation. Provisions in the dispute-ending treaty

imposed restrictions on both countries' navies. The United Kingdom'sRoyal Navybought the

twoConstitucin-classpre-dreadnoughtbattleships that were being built for Chile, and Argentina sold

its twoRivadavia-classarmored cruisersunder construction in Italy to Japan.[3][4]

AfterHMS Dreadnoughtwas commissioned by the United Kingdom, Brazil decided in early 1907 to

halt the construction of three obsolescentpre-dreadnoughtsand begin work on

twodreadnoughts(theMinas Geraesclass).[5]These ships, which were designed to carry the

heaviest battleship armament in the world at the time,[6]came as a shock to the navies of South

America,[5]and Argentina and Chile quickly canceled the 1902 armament-limiting pact.[7]Argentina in

particular was alarmed at the possible power of the ships. TheMinister of Foreign Affairs,Manuel

Augusto Montes de Oca,remarked that even oneMinas Geraes-class ship could destroy the entire

Argentine and Chilean fleets.[8]

While this may have been hyperbole, either one was much morepowerful than any single vessel in the Argentinian fleet.[9]Debates raged in Argentina over whether

to spend more than two millionpounds sterlingto acquire dreadnoughts. With further border

disputes, particularly with Brazil near theRo de la Plata(River Plate), Argentina made plans to

contract for their own dreadnoughts. After an extendedbidding process,RivadaviaandMorenowere

ordered from theFore River Shipbuilding Companyin the United States.[1][10]
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Construction and trials[edit]

Laid downon 25 May 1910, Rivadaviawaslaunched and christenedon 26 August 1911 by Isabel,

the wife of the Argentine Minister to the United StatesRmulo Sebastin Nan.Thousands of

people were present to witness the event,[1][11]including representatives from the Argentine Navy

and the country'slegationin Washington. The United States sent the assistant chief of the Latin

American Division in theState Department,Henry L. James,to be its official representative. Two

United States Navy bureau chiefs also attended.[11]

In mid-September 1913, Rivadaviaconducted trials offRockland, Maine,after a two-week delay due

to turbine malfunctions. Duringspeed trialson the 16th,[12]the dreadnought was able to obtain a

maximum speed of 22.567 knots (25.970 mph; 41.794 km/h).[13]On a 30-hour endurance trial

starting the next day, Rivadaviadamaged one of her turbines and had to put in atPresident Roads,

one ofBoston Harbor's deep-water anchorages.[12]The turbines were still a problem as late as

August 1914. One was dropped by a crane in July and had to be removed for repairs in August.

[14]

Attempted sale[edit]

Over the course of their construction, Rivadaviaand Morenohad been the subject of rumors that

Argentina would accept the ships and then sell them to Japan, a fast-growing military rival to the

United States, or to a European country.[15]The rumors were partially true; some in the government

were looking to get rid of the battleships and devote the proceeds to opening more

schools,[16]and The New York Timesreported in late 1913 that the country had received several

offers from interested parties.[13]This angered the American government, which did not want its

warship technology offered to the highest bidder. Neither did they want to exercise a contract-specified option that gave the United States first choice if the Argentines decided to sell, as naval

technology had already progressed past the Rivadaviaclass, particularly in the adoption of the "all-

or-nothing"armor scheme. Instead, the United States and its State Department andNavy

Departmentput diplomatic pressure on the Argentine government.[17]

Aftersocialistgains in the legislature, the Argentine government introduced several bills in May 1914

which would have put the battleships up for sale, but the bills were all defeated by late June.

Following the commencement of theFirst World War,the German and British ambassadors to the

United States both complained to the US State Department; the former believed that the British were

going to be given the ships as soon as the ships reached Argentina, and the latter considered it the

responsibility of the United States to ensure that the ships never left Argentina's possession.

International armament companies attempted to get Argentina to sell to one of the

smallerBalkancountries and expected that the ships would then find their way into the war.[18][B]

Service[edit]
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Rivadaviawascommissionedinto theArmada de la Repblica Argentinaon 27 August 1914 at

theCharlestown Navy Yard,[19][20]although it was not fully completed until December.[1]On 23

December 1914, Rivadavialeft the United States for Argentina. It arrived in its capital,Buenos Aires,

on 19 February 1915. Over 47,000 people came out to see the new ship over the next three days,

including thePresidentVictorino de la Plaza.In April 1915, Rivadaviawas put into the trainingdivision of the Navy, remaining there until 1917, when the navy transferred the ship into the First

Division. In 1917, Rivadaviasailed toComodoro Rivadaviawhen communist oil workers went on

strike.[19]

Later in 1917, the Argentines had to sharply curtail Rivadavia's activities because of a fuel shortage,

but they voyaged to the United States with the Argentine ambassador in 1918.[19]Rivadaviathen

took on a load of gold bullion and brought it back to Argentina, docking inPuerto Belgranoon 23

September 1918.[19][21]In December 1920, Rivadaviaparticipated in ceremonies that marked the

400th anniversary of the discovery of theStrait of Magellan.On the 2nd, the ship called

onValparasoin Chile; 25 days later, it took part in an internationalnaval review.Two years

later, Rivadaviawas placed intoreserve.[19]

In 1923, the Navy decided to send Rivadaviato the United States to be modernized. The ship

departed on 6 August 1924 and reached Boston on the 30th, where it spent the next two

years. Rivadaviawas converted to use fuel oil instead of coal and had "a general machinery

overhaul".[22]A newfire-control systemwas fitted with rangefinders on the fore and aft superfiring

turrets, and the aft mast was replaced by a tripod. A funnel cap was installed so that smoke from the

funnels did not interfere with accurate rangefinding of enemy ships. The 6-inch secondary armament

was retained, but the smaller 4-inch guns were taken off in favor of four 3-inch (76 mm)anti-

aircraftguns and four3-pounders.[23][24]

After sailing back to Argentina in March and April 1926,[25]Rivadaviaspent the remainder of the year

undergoingsea trials.The dreadnought joined the training division once again in 1927, but

after Rivadaviamade four training cruises, the division was disbanded, and the ship remained

moored in Puerto Belgrano until 1929. This began a series of cyclic activity followed by being

demoted to the reserve fleet. Although active in both 1929 and 1930, Rivadaviawas placed in

reserve on 19 December 1930. Shortly thereafter, it was restored to active service to serve as

theflagshipfor 1931 fleet exercises. Rivadaviawent back into reserve in 1932 before coming back

out in January 1933. It remained in full commission for most of the rest of the decade as part of the

Battleship Division, alongside Moreno.[19]
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Rivadaviaon her speed trials

In January 1937, the ship called on Valparaso andCallaoin Peru. In company

with Moreno, Rivadavialeft Puerto Belgrano for Europe on 6 April. After crossing the ocean, they

split up, with Rivadaviamooring at the French port ofBrestwhile Morenotook part in the

BritishCoronation ReviewinSpithead.The two ships then journeyed to several German ports: bothput in atWilhelmshavenbefore Rivadaviawent toHamburgand MorenotoBremen.They returned to

Argentina on 29 June.[19]

While Rivadaviamade an official visit toRio de Janeiro,Brazil, in 1939, Argentina remained neutral

for the majority of theSecond World War,and the aging dreadnought saw no active service.[19]Her

next cruise came after the war ended (29 October to 22 December 1946), when she called on

countries in the Caribbean and northern South America, includingTrinidad,Venezuela, and

Colombia. This was the last time the ship would be in service under her own power. Moored in

Puerto Belgrano from 1948 on, the ship was rendered inoperable in 1951 and cannibalized for many

years for useful arms and equipment. On 18 October 1956, the ship was listed for disposal, and she

wasstrickenfrom the Navy on 1 February 1957. On 30 May, Rivadaviawas sold to an Italianship

breakingcompany forUS$2,280,000. Beginning on 3 April 1959, the ship was towed by

twotugboatstoSavona,Italy, where they arrived on 23 May. She was thereafter broken up

inGenoa.[19]

Footnotes[edit]

1. Jump up^"ARA" is anacronymforArmada de la Repblica Argentina.

2. Jump up^The specific example given in Livermore, footnote 106, is that a "group of French

bankers, on behalf of the Russian government, were offering in gold twice the contract price ofthe ships, which were to be turned over to Greece."[18]Turning over the ships was likely meant asa way around the United States' neutrality rules.

Endnotes[edit]

1. ^Jump up to:abcdefghijklmnopqrsScheina, "Argentina," 401.

2. Jump up^Whitley, Battleships, 19.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmshavenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmshavenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmshavenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidadhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strickenhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strickenhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strickenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_breakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_breakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_breakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_breakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugboathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugboathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugboathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Livermore46-47-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Livermore46-47-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Livermore46-47-19http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Whitley19_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Whitley19_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ARA_Rivadavia_speed_trials_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ARA_Rivadavia_speed_trials_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ARA_Rivadavia_speed_trials_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ARA_Rivadavia_speed_trials_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Whitley19_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-Conways_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Livermore46-47-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronymhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ARA_Rivadavia&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugboathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_breakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_breakinghttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/strickenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA_Rivadavia#cite_note-Whitley21-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmshavenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitheadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest,_Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callao


7/7

3. Jump up^Scheina, Naval History, 4552.

4. Jump up^Garrett, "Beagle Channel Dispute," 8688.

5. ^Jump up to:abWhitley, Battleships, 24.

6. Jump up^"Germany may buy English warships,"The New York Times,1 August 1908, C8.

7. Jump up^Livermore, "Battleship Diplomacy," 32.

8. Jump up^Martins Filho, "Colossos do mares," 76.

9. Jump up^Scheina, "Argentina," 400.10. Jump up^Livermore, "Battleship Diplomacy," 33.

11. ^Jump up to:ab"Launch Rivadavia, Biggest Battleship," The New York Times, 27 August 1911,7.

12. ^Jump up to:ab"Accident to Rivadavia," The New York Times, 19 September 1913, 1.

13. ^Jump up to:ab"Argentine Warship Makes 22.56 Knots," The New York Times, 17 September1917, 2.

14. Jump up^"The Rivadavia Delayed," The New York Times, 24 August 1914, 7.

15. Jump up^"Germany Will Buy Two Battleships,"Toronto World,10 August 1914, 12.



18. ^Jump up to:abLivermore, "Battleship Diplomacy," 4647.

19. ^Jump up to:a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

Whitley, Battleships, 21.20. Jump up^"Argentina's Ship Ready," The New York Times, 28 August 1914, 7.

21. Jump up^"Orders the Rivadavia to Bring Gold," The New York Times, 7 October 1918, 12.

22. Jump up^Scheina, "Argentina," 402.

23. Jump up^Whitley, Battleships, 2122.

24. Jump up^Burzaco and Ortz,Acorazados y Cruceros, 94.

25. Jump up^"Rivadavia Off For Home," The New York Times, 15 March 1926, 12.

References[edit]Battl eshi ps portal

Burzaco, Ricardo and Patricio Ortz.Acorazados y Cruceros de la Armada Argentina, 18811992. Buenos

Aires: Eugenio B. Ediciones, 1997.ISBN 987-96764-0-8.OCLC39297360.Martins, Joo Roberto,Filho."Colossos do mares[Colossuses of the Seas]." Revista de Histria daBiblioteca Nacional3, no. 27 (2007): 7477.ISSN1808-4001.OCLC61697383.

Garrett, James L. "The Beagle Channel Dispute: Confrontation and Negotiation in the SouthernCone." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27, no. 3 (1985):, 81109.JSTOR165601.ISSN0022-1937.OCLC2239844.

Livermore, Seward W."Battleship Diplomacy in South America: 19051925." The Journal of ModernHistory16, no. 1 (1944):, 3144.JSTOR1870986.ISSN0022-2801.OCLC62219150.

Scheina, Robert L."Argentina" in Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 19061921, edited by RobertGardiner and Randal Gray, 400402.Annapolis, Maryland,United States:Naval Institute Press,1984.ISBN 0-87021-907-3.OCLC12119866.

. Latin America: A Naval History 18101987. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1987.ISBN 0-87021-295-8.OCLC15696006.

Whitley, M.J. Battleships of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland, UnitedStates:Naval Institute Press,1998.ISBN 1-55750-184-X.OCLC40834665.

External links[edit]
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Documents

ARA Comodoro Rivadavia