ARCHITECTURE

ARUN KUMARBBA-2

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Architecture

The art and science of designing and constructing buildings.

Architects: specialists in designing structures.

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CAVES

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EARLY ARCHITECTUREAncient Greek “Orders” (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base.

The Doric style is the most plain.

The Ionic design is famous for its scrolls. 

The Corinthian style is quite fancy. 

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The upper section of a classical building, resting on the columns and constituting the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Architrave - the lowest part of an entablature; rests immediately on the capitals of the columns.Cornice - the topmost projecting part of an entablature.Frieze - an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice

ENTABLATURE

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Kazan's • Moscow, Russia•Architects: POSTNIK

YAKOVLEV•Period: British & Mongolian empires ,16th-century •Built with rocks and lime •Also with thermal coat

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An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight (e.g. a doorway in a stonewall)

ARCH

VAULT A Vault is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space with a ceiling or roof

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DOMEA dome is a structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.

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The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.

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A series of arches is called an arcade.

A series of columns is called a colonnade.

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The external arch that counter-balanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.

Flying Buttress

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MATERIALSDuring the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)

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PERGOLAS

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Chennakesava Temple

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Tanjore Temple

Tamilnadu Buid in 1010.A.D(11th century).It was built by Raja Raja

Chola.Its Dravidian Architecture. It is tall about 60mtrs.Made out of bedrock, mud

& limestone

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Modern Architecture

Steel and concrete are the favored materials for commercial type construction.

Wood and brick are the favored materials for residential construction.

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CLASSICAL ARCHITECTUREParis, FranceGustavo Eiffel, Builder1887 to 1889Built for World’s Fair324 m (1,063 ft) tall Has been hit by lightning.300workers18,038 pieces of Puddled iron. The Eiffel Tower

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Taj Mahal• Agra, India• 1632-1653• Ustad Ahmad

Lahauri• Mugal style• The Tomb height

is 35mts• built it for

ShahJahan’s wife to be buried.

• Marble and Gemstones.

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The Leaning Tower of Pisa

Pisa, Italy1173 A.D.183 feet tall (55.86mts).World’s most famous towerBuilt out of marbleBegan to teeter while still under construction because of soft soil

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St. Peter's Basilica, Rome 

Construction Of the building began under Pope Julius II in 1506 and was completed in 1615 under Pope Paul V

Michelangelo, served as main architect for a while, designed the dome

  It is the largest church in the world. it covers an area of 23,000 m² (5.7 acres) and has a capacity of over 60,000 people.

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China7th Century B.C.E.Ordered to be built by Emperor of China , Qin Shi HuangTo protect the dynastySeveral Walls- 5,500 mil(8,852km) long.

The Great Wall of China

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EgyptBuilt more than 4,000 years agoArchitect- KhafreTo protect the Pyramids and the people buried there It is 200 feet long, 66 feet highMade out of bedrock

The Sphinx

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Giza, Egypt2600-2480 B.C.Pharaoh ordered it4,000 men worked on itBuilt to bury kingsOriginally 481 ft. highNow 449 ft. high due to erosion

The Giza Pyramid

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Pamban Bridge Rameshwara

Tamilnadu. Built at 2.6km longWorked from 1887- 1912Southindian railways track It is also called “Annai indra

bridge”Made out of bedrock, cement,ironAnd limestone

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Empire State BuildingNew York CityShreve, Lamb, Harmon- ArchitectsBuilt from 1929-1931102 floors 1,250 feet high to roofBuilt to be the tallest building in the world and it was for 41 years counting the spire which made it 1,472 feet tallTallest in the world from 1931-1971

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Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai City , China Architects: Kohn

Pedersen Built from: 1997-

Aug2008 103floors 494.4 m (1,622.0 ft) high to

roof Built to be the 2nd tallest

building in the world l Tallest in the world from

2008-2010

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Location: Dubai , United Arab Emirates

Architects: Adrian Smith  Built from: Jan2004-

4th Jan 2010 163floors Height of roof

Roof828 m (2,717 ft)Top floor621.3 m (2,038 ft)

Built to be the 1st tallest building in the world

Tallest in the world from 2010

Burj Khalifa

“Architecture is a social act and the material theater of human activity.”

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Thank You