Arduino

For other uses, see Arduino (disambiguation).

Arduino is an open-source computer hardware and soft-ware company, project and user community that designsand manufactures kits for building digital devices and in-teractive objects that can sense and control the physicalworld.[1] Arduino boards may be purchased preassem-bled, or as do-it-yourself kits; at the same time, the hard-ware design information is available for those who wouldlike to assemble an Arduino from scratch.The project is based on a family of microcontrollerboard designs manufactured primarily by SmartProjectsin Italy,[2] and also by several other vendors, using various8-bit Atmel AVR microcontrollers or 32-bit Atmel ARMprocessors. These systems provide sets of digital andanalog I/O pins that can be interfaced to various exten-sion boards and other circuits. The boards feature serialcommunications interfaces, includingUSB on somemod-els, for loading programs from personal computers. Forprogramming the microcontrollers, the Arduino platformprovides an integrated development environment (IDE)based on the Processing project, which includes supportfor C and C++ programming languages.The first Arduino was introduced in 2005. The projectleaders sought to provide an inexpensive and easy wayfor hobbyists, students, and professionals to create de-vices that interact with their environment using sensorsand actuators. Common examples for beginner hobby-ists include simple robots, thermostats and motion de-tectors. Adafruit Industries estimated in mid-2011 thatover 300,000 official Arduinos had been commerciallyproduced,[3] and in 2013 that 700,000 official boardswere in users hands.[4]

1 History

Arduino started in 2005 as a project for students at theInteraction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy. At thattime program students used a "BASIC Stamp" at a cost of$100, considered expensive for students. Massimo Banzi,one of the founders, taught at Ivrea.[5] The name Ar-duino comes from a bar in Ivrea, where some of thefounders of the project used to meet. The bar itself wasnamed after Arduino, Margrave of Ivrea and King of Italyfrom 1002 to 1014.[6]

A hardware thesis was contributed for a wiring designby Colombian student Hernando Barragan. After the

Wiring[7] platform was complete, researchers worked tomake it lighter, less expensive, and available to the opensource community. The school eventually closed, but theresearchers, including David Cuartielles, promoted theidea.[5]

2 Hardware

An official Arduino Uno with descriptions of the I/O locations

An early Arduino board[8] with an RS-232 serial interface (upperleft) and an Atmel ATmega8 microcontroller chip (black, lowerright); the 14 digital I/O pins are located at the top and the sixanalog input pins at the lower right.

An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit AVRmicrocontroller with complementary components that fa-cilitate programming and incorporation into other cir-cuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is its stan-dard connectors, which lets users connect the CPU boardto a variety of interchangeable add-on modules known

1

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2 2 HARDWARE

as shields. Some shields communicate with the Arduinoboard directly over various pins, but many shields areindividually addressable via an IC serial busso manyshields can be stacked and used in parallel. Official Ar-duinos have used the megaAVR series of chips, specif-ically the ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, AT-mega1280, and ATmega2560. A handful of other pro-cessors have been used by Arduino compatibles. Mostboards include a 5 volt linear regulator and a 16 MHzcrystal oscillator (or ceramic resonator in some variants),although some designs such as the LilyPad run at 8 MHzand dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due tospecific form-factor restrictions. An Arduinos micro-controller is also pre-programmed with a boot loaderthat simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flashmemory, compared with other devices that typically needan external programmer. This makes using an Arduinomore straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinarycomputer as the programmer.At a conceptual level, when using the Arduino softwarestack, all boards are programmed over an RS-232 serialconnection, but the way this is implemented varies byhardware version. Serial Arduino boards contain a levelshifter circuit to convert between RS-232-level and TTL-level signals. Current Arduino boards are programmedvia USB, implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chipssuch as the FTDI FT232. Some variants, such as the Ar-duino Mini and the unofficial Boarduino, use a detach-able USB-to-serial adapter board or cable, Bluetooth orother methods. (When used with traditional microcon-troller tools instead of the Arduino IDE, standard AVRISP programming is used.)The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontrollersI/O pins for use by other circuits. The Diecimila, Duemi-lanove, and current Uno provide 14 digital I/O pins, sixof which can produce pulse-width modulated signals, andsix analog inputs, which can also be used as six digitalI/O pins. These pins are on the top of the board, via fe-male 0.10-inch (2.5 mm) headers. Several plug-in appli-cation shields are also commercially available. The Ar-duino Nano, and Arduino-compatible Bare Bones Boardand Boarduino boards may provide male header pins onthe underside of the board that can plug into solderlessbreadboards.There are many Arduino-compatible and Arduino-derived boards. Some are functionally equivalent to anArduino and can be used interchangeably. Many enhancethe basic Arduino by adding output drivers, often for usein school-level education to simplify the construction ofbuggies and small robots. Others are electrically equiv-alent but change the form factorsometimes retainingcompatibility with shields, sometimes not. Some variantsuse completely different processors, with varying levelsof compatibility.

2.1 Official boards

Further information: List of Arduino boards and com-patible systems

The original Arduino hardware is manufactured bythe Italian company Smart Projects.[9] Some Arduino-branded boards have been designed by the Americancompany SparkFun Electronics.[10] Sixteen versions ofthe Arduino hardware have been commercially producedto date.

Example Arduino boards

Arduino Diecimila in Stoicheia

Arduino Duemilanove (rev 2009b)

Arduino UNO

Arduino Leonardo

Arduino Mega

Arduino MEGA 2560 R3 (front side)

Arduino MEGA 2560 R3 (back side)

Arduino Nano

Arduino Due (ARM-based)

LilyPad Arduino (rev 2007)

2.2 Shields

Arduino and Arduino-compatible boards use shieldsprinted circuit expansion boards that plug into the nor-mally supplied Arduino pin-headers. Shields can providemotor controls, GPS, ethernet, LCD, or breadboarding(prototyping). A number of shields can also be madeDIY.[11][12][13]

Example Arduino shields

Multiple shields can be stacked. In this example thetop shield contains a solderless breadboard.

Screw-terminal breakout shield in a wing-type for-mat

Adafruit Motor Shield with screw terminals for con-nection to motors

Adafruit Datalogging Shield with a Secure Digital(SD) card slot and real-time clock (RTC) chip

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3

3 Software

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE)is a cross-platform application written in Java, and derivesfrom the IDE for the Processing programming languageand the Wiring projects. It is designed to introduce pro-gramming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar withsoftware development. It includes a code editor with fea-tures such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and au-tomatic indentation, and is also capable of compiling anduploading programs to the board with a single click. Aprogram or code written for Arduino is called a sketch.[15]

Arduino programs are written in C or C++. The ArduinoIDE comes with a software library called "Wiring" fromthe original Wiring project, which makes many commoninput/output operations much easier. Users only need de-fine two functions to make a runnable cyclic executiveprogram:

setup(): a function run once at the start of a programthat can initialize settings

loop(): a function called repeatedly until the boardpowers off

A typical first program for amicrocontroller simply blinksan LED on and off. In the Arduino environment, the usermight write a program like this:[16]

The integrated pin 13 LED

#define LED_PIN 13 void setup () { pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT); // Enable pin 13 for digitaloutput } void loop () { digitalWrite (LED_PIN, HIGH);// Turn on the LED delay (1000); // Wait one second(1000 milliseconds) digitalWrite (LED_PIN, LOW); //Turn off the LED delay (1000); // Wait one second }

It is a feature of most Arduino boards that they havean LED and load resistor connected between pin 13 andground; a convenient feature for many simple tests.[16]The previous code would not be seen by a standard C++compiler as a valid program, so when the user clicks the

Upload to I/O board button in the IDE, a copy of thecode is written to a temporary file with an extra includeheader at the top and a very simple main() function at thebottom, to make it a valid C++ program.The Arduino IDE uses the GNU toolchain and AVR Libcto compile programs, and uses avrdude to upload pro-grams to the board.As the Arduino platform uses Atmel microcontrollers,Atmels development environment, AVR Studio or thenewer Atmel Studio, may also be used to develop soft-ware for the Arduino.[17][18]

4 Development

Arduino is open source hardware: the Arduino hardwarereference designs are distributed under a Creative Com-mons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are avail-able on the Arduino Web site. Layout and productionfiles for some versions of the Arduino hardware are alsoavailable. The source code for the IDE is available andreleased under the GNU General Public License, version2.[19]

Although the hardware and software designs are freelyavailable under copyleft licenses, the developers have re-quested that the name Arduino be exclusive to the offi-cial product and not be used for derivative works with-out permission. The official policy document on theuse of the Arduino name emphasizes that the project isopen to incorporating work by others into the officialproduct.[20] Several Arduino-compatible products com-mercially released have avoided the Arduino name byusing "-duino name variants.[21]

5 Applications

See also: List of open source hardware projects

Xoscillo: open-source oscilloscope[22]

Scientific equipment[23]

Arduinome: a MIDI controller device that mimicsthe Monome

OBDuino: a trip computer that uses the on-boarddiagnostics interface found in most modern cars

Ardupilot: drone software / hardware

ArduinoPhone[24]

GertDuino, an Arduinomate for the Raspberry Pi[25]

Water quality testing platform[26]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiring_(development_platform)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_highlightinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brace_matchinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_libraryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiring_(development_platform)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_executivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_functionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_toolchainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_hardwarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commonshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commonshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copylefthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genericized_trademarkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genericized_trademarkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open_source_hardware_projectshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscilloscopehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduinomehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI_controllerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBDuinohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trip_computerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnosticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnosticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardupilothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi

4 9 FURTHER READING

6 Reception

The Arduino project received an honorary mention in theDigital Communities category at the 2006 Prix Ars Elec-tronica.[27][28]

7 See also List of Arduino boards and compatible systems

Comparison of single-board computers

8 References[1] Arduino Project introduction

[2] http://arduino.cc/en/Main/FAQ

[3] How many Arduinos are in the wild?" About 300,000.Adafruit Industries. May 15, 2011. Retrieved 2013-05-26.

[4] Arduino FAQ With David Cuartielles. Malm Uni-versity. April 5, 2013. Retrieved 2014-03-24.

[5] David Kushner (26 Oct 2011). TheMaking of Arduino.IEEE Spectrum.

[6] Justin Lahart (27 November 2009). Taking an Open-Source Approach to Hardware. The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved 7 September 2014.

[7] Rhizome - Interview with Casey Reas and Ben Fry.2009-09-23. Retrieved 2014-08-23.

[8] Hardware Index. Arduino Project. Retrieved 2013-12-10.

[9] Smart Projects

[10] Schmidt, M. ["Arduino: A Quick Start Guide"],Pragmatic Bookshelf, January 22, 2011, Pg. 201

[11] Arduino breadboard shield: US$10 & 10 mins. tod-bot.com

[12] Igoe, Tom (April 4, 2006). Arduino Shields for Proto-typing. tigoe.net

[13] Jonathan Oxer. Arduino Shield list. Retrieved 5 Nov2013.

[14] Arduino Software Release Notes. Arduino Project. Re-trieved May 31, 2013.

[15] Programming Arduino Getting Started with Sketches.McGraw-Hill. Nov 8, 2011. Retrieved 2013-03-28.

[16] Blink Tutorial. Arduino.cc.

[17] Using Atmel Studio for Arduino development. Me-gunolink.com. Retrieved 2013-01-18.

[18] Using AVR Studio for Arduino development. Eng-blaze.com. Retrieved 2013-01-18.

[19] The arduino source code. The arduino source code.

[20] Policy. Arduino.cc. Retrieved 2013-01-18.

[21] Freeduino Open Designs. Freeduino.org. Retrieved2008-03-03.

[22] xoscillo A software oscilloscope that acquires data us-ing an arduino or a parallax (more platforms to come). Google Project Hosting. Code.google.com. Retrieved2013-01-18.

[23] Pearce, Joshua M. 2012. Building Research Equipmentwith Free, Open-Source Hardware. Science 337 (6100):13031304. (open access)

[24] ArduinoPhone. Instructables.com (2013-07-17). Re-trieved on 2013-08-04.

[25] Raspberry Pi Spy. Introducing The GertDuino Add-onBoard For Raspberry Pi. Retrieved on 2014-11-09.

[26] BasWijnen, G. C. Anzalone and JoshuaM. Pearce, Open-source mobile water quality testing platform. Journal ofWater, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 4(3) pp.532537 (2014). doi:10.2166/washdev.2014.137 openaccess

[27] Prix Ars Electronica 2006 Digital Communities AN-ERKENNUNGEN listing (in German). Retrieved2009-02-18.

[28] Prix Ars Electronica 2006 Digital Communities ANERKENNUNGEN description (in German). Re-trieved 2009-02-18.

9 Further reading Getting Started with Arduino; Massimo Banzi,Michael Shiloh; 262 pages; 2014; ISBN 1-4493-6333-4.

Arduino For Dummies; John Nussey; 446 pages;2013; ISBN 978-1118446379.

Programming Arduino Next Steps: Going Furtherwith Sketches; Simon Monk; 2013; ISBN 978-0071830256.

Exploring Arduino: Tools and Techniques for Engi-neering Wizardry; Jeremy Blum; 384 pages; 2013;ISBN 978-1118549360.

Arduino Workshop: A Hands-On Introduction with65 Projects; John Boxall; 392 pages; 2013; ISBN978-1593274481.

Beginning C for Arduino: Learn C Programming forthe Arduino and Compatible Microcontrollers; JackPurdum; 280 pages; 2012; ISBN 978-1430247760.

Programming Arduino: Getting Started WithSketches; Monk Simon; 162 pages; 2011; ISBN978-0071784221.

Make: Electronics (Learning by Discovery); CharlesPlatt; 352 pages; 2009; ISBN 978-0596153748.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Ars_Electronicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Ars_Electronicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arduino_boards_and_compatible_systemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_single-board_computershttp://arduino.cc/en/guide/introductionhttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/FAQhttp://www.adafruit.com/blog/2011/05/15/how-many-arduinos-are-in-the-wild-about-300000/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adafruit_Industrieshttp://medea.mah.se/2013/04/arduino-faq//https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_Universityhttp://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduinohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Spectrumhttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703499404574559960271468066.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703499404574559960271468066.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journalhttp://rhizome.org/editorial/2009/sep/23/interview-with-casey-reas-and-ben-fry/http://arduino.cc/en/main/boardshttp://smartprj.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatic_Bookshelfhttp://todbot.com/blog/2006/07/11/arduino-breadboard-shield/http://todbot.com/blog/2006/07/11/arduino-breadboard-shield/http://www.tigoe.net/pcomp/code/arduinowiring/26http://www.tigoe.net/pcomp/code/arduinowiring/26http://shieldlist.org/http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ReleaseNoteshttp://www.amazon.com/Programming-Arduino-Getting-Started-Sketches/dp/0071784225/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1364494138&sr=1-1&keywords=arduino+sketcheshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGraw-Hillhttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Blinkhttp://www.megunolink.com/Building_an_Arduino_project_with_MegunoLink_and_Atmel_Studio_(Blink_Tutorial)http://www.engblaze.com/tutorial-using-avr-studio-5-with-arduino-projects/https://github.com/arduino/Arduinohttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/Policyhttp://www.freeduino.org/freeduino_open_designs.htmlhttp://code.google.com/p/xoscillo/http://code.google.com/p/xoscillo/http://code.google.com/p/xoscillo/http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6100/1303.summaryhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6100/1303.summaryhttp://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6100/1303.summaryhttp://mtu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce/Papers/1867941/Open_Source_Research_in_Sustainabilityhttp://www.instructables.com/id/ArduinoPhone/http://www.raspberrypi-spy.co.uk/2013/11/introducing-the-gertduino-add-on-board-for-raspberry-pi/https://www.academia.edu/8319858/Open-source_mobile_water_quality_testing_platformhttps://www.academia.edu/8319858/Open-source_mobile_water_quality_testing_platformhttp://90.146.8.18/de/archives/prix_archive/prix_year_cat.asp?iProjectID=13638&iCategoryID=12420http://90.146.8.18/de/archives/prix_archive/prix_year_cat.asp?iProjectID=13638&iCategoryID=12420http://90.146.8.18/de/archives/prix_archive/prix_projekt.asp?iProjectID=13789http://90.146.8.18/de/archives/prix_archive/prix_projekt.asp?iProjectID=13789https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1449363334https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1449363334https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118446379https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780071830256https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780071830256https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118549360https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593274481https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593274481https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781430247760https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780071784221https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780071784221https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780596153748

5

10 External links Official website

Arduino The Documentary at the Internet MovieDatabase, Vimeo

Documentary about Arduino, Wired Magazine (inItalian/English)

How to install additional Arduino libraries?

Arduino Cheat Sheet

Online platform & collaboration platform for Ar-duino users

Arduino Projects, Examples of Arduino Projects

Arduino Board Pinout Diagrams: Due, Esplora,Leonardo, Mega, Micro, Mini, Nano, Uno

Evolution tree for Arduino

Massimo Banzi interviewed on the TV show Trian-gulation on the TWiT.tv network

Massimo Banzi interviewed on the TV show FLOSSweekly on the TWiT.tv network

Arduino Stack Exchange a question and answer site

http://arduino.cc/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1869268/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Movie_Databasehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Movie_Databasehttp://vimeo.com/18539129http://tv.wired.it/entertainment/2012/12/06/arduino-creare-e-un-gioco-da-ragazzi-eng-sub.htmlhttp://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Librarieshttp://robodino.org/resources/arduinohttp://codebender.cc/http://codebender.cc/http://codeduino.com/projectshttp://arduino.cc/forum/index.php?/topic,132130.0.htmlhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/28521811@N04/8469564216/sizes/l/in/photostream/http://www.flickr.com/photos/28521811@N04/8466547410/sizes/l/in/photostream/http://www.flickr.com/photos/28521811@N04/8451024820/sizes/l/in/photostream/http://www.flickr.com/photos/28521811@N04/8471357492/sizes/l/in/photostream/http://www.flickr.com/photos/28521811@N04/8453583648/sizes/l/in/photostream/http://pighixxx.com/nanopdf.pdfhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/28521811@N04/8449936925/sizes/l/in/photostream/http://i.imgur.com/yGRLPvL.jpghttp://twit.tv/show/triangulation/110/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWiT.tvhttp://twit.tv/show/floss-weekly/61/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWiT.tvhttp://arduino.stackexchange.com/

6 11 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

11 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

11.1 Text Arduino Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino?oldid=646633136 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Caltrop, Ceaser, Hikari, Mahjongg,

Kku, Delirium, Darkwind, Kragen, Glenn, Scott, Donio, Mulad, Nv8200p, Taxman, Val42, Klaus Leiss, Scruss, Raeky, Knobunc, DocWat-son42, BenFrantzDale, Ds13, Mcapdevila, Micru, Jorge Stolfi, Cmkpl, Halosix, Abdull, Thorwald, Imroy, Discospinster, ArnoldReinhold,Duchamp, PutzfetzenORG, Jantangring, Bobo192, Smalljim, R. S. Shaw, Giraffedata, Trevj, Jdabney, Nasukaren, Radical Mallard, Velella,Marasmusine, Mindmatrix, Danmaz74, Pol098, Ruud Koot, Eyreland, SDC, CharlesC, DustyDingo, Sprague, Royan, Magister Mathemati-cae, Rjwilmsi, Koavf, Patrick Gill, Salix alba, MZMcBride, AllenMoore, Intgr, Lmatt, Tedder, Chobot, ATH500, Remmelt, Hydrargyrum,Bovineone, Geertivp, Tkbwik, Wrachelson, Venix, Warrenm, Elkman, Wknight94, Arthur Rubin, Dspradau, Red Jay, Back ache, JLaTon-dre, Snaxe920, Kingboyk, Mardus, Sbassi, Zlogic, Attilios, Lethalmonk, SmackBot, Gracehoper, Faisal.akeel, DMellis, InverseHypercube,McGeddon, Misto, Arny, NickGarvey, Amatulic, Adamfeuer, JennyRad, Thumperward, Salvor, George Church, Randomskk, Chendy,Dro Kulix, Frap, Alphathon, OrphanBot, JonHarder, Grhabyt, Stepho-wrs, Mwtoews, Salamurai, Pfhyper, RickO5, Ian Spackman, Tog-gio, IronGargoyle, TerryKing, Hu12, Courcelles, Sreeram shankar, Fabrice Florin, Amalas, Pfagerburg, Drinibot, Yaris678, Cydebot, NickWilson, Gogo Dodo, SimenH, ShadowGuy, Neoforma, ClarkMills, Abqsteve, Surturz, Kozuch, Waveking, Thijs!bot, Pemboid, Potax,MarshBot, Guy Macon, Jonathan Williams, JonOxer, Chrisjj3, JAnDbot, Viskr, CosineKitty, Khommel, H3llbringer, Magioladitis, DavidOliver, JamesBWatson, Oskay, Cadsuane Melaidhrin, Steven Walling, Jatkins, JMBryant, Gwern, Wimh, CommonsDelinker, Yannick56,Minime72706, Aervanath, Gonzalo M. Garcia, Ajfweb, Lexein, TXiKiBoT, Moumouza, Calwiki, Chuckwolber, Exprice, Nexus501, Sg-birch, Seb az86556, Rajsite, Jamelan, Andy Dingley, Synthebot, Nave.notnilc, Userper, Kbrose, Yngvarr, Anilashanbhag, Yadoo86, Savvas, Mikebar, Yintan, Rob Prikanowski, Soler97, Bentogoa, Udawatabhimanyu4, Ali asin, Henryerinjones, Linuxrules1337, Vbscript2,Misiu mp, Tintin192, Treekids, Kookish, ImageRemovalBot, Bsx, Shloimeborukh, ColorfulNumbers, GreenSpigot, VQuakr, Machee,Gbarberi, Blanchardb, TjeerdVerhagen, Craigbic, Crazyburns, Awickert, Alexbot, Vancircuit, A Pirard, Jinlye, Chaosdruid, Apparition11,DumZiBoT, Darkicebot, XLinkBot, H0dges, NobbiP, Cmr08, Cbenson1, Zodon, Fiskbil, Dsimic, Mortense, Johanroed, Jncraton, Ter-genev, Cst17, Harviecz, MrOllie, Download, CUSENZA Mario, 84user, Jarble, Softy, Margin1522, Luckas-bot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, IC-Seater, Jim1138, JackieBot, Bjepson, Csigabi, Citation bot, Ghstwlf, LilHelpa, Xqbot, IslandMountain, PabloCastellano, JimVC3, Rvum-baca, GrouchoBot, Xan2, Mort42, SassoBot, Brunonar, Alainr345, Thomas-pluralvonglas, Robertelder, Rstuvw, JaadesA, W Nowicki,Angmall, Idyllic press, JackStonePGD, FlyFire, Danhomer, DivineAlpha, Shiki2, Kristianpaul, Edderso, Joebigwheel, Jonesey95, Sky-erise, Tehuglyscientist, SimonPStevens, E-Soter, Mibix, ActivExpression, , Cyb3rn0id, Trappist the monk, DixonDBot,Michael9422, MakerShed, ErikvanB, MoreNet, Jluciani, RenaudBedard, Tbhotch, Julian dasilva, Obankston, Bernd.Brincken, Migaber,Peapodamus, Mazurov, DASHBot, EmausBot, Rusfuture, Dead Horsey, WikitanvirBot, LordStDennis, Kronick, Bricoman55, RA0808,Sukkin, Scgtrp, Tikitpok, Hscharler, ZroBot, Pbruins84, TLeek, , Ubarro, Lemio, Mowcius, Sbmeirow, Lorem Ip, Howe-timothy, Palosirkka, John Garvin, Tronixstuff, JohnBoxall, ChuispastonBot, Gandrewstone, Sudozero, Fargasch, Luckylarrycouk, ClayDigger, ClueBot NG, 392236a, Phry, Braincricket, Danim, Tuxskar, CasualVisitor, Helpful Pixie Bot, Simonmonk2, Troy.hester, Se RaBu Tan, BG19bot, Virtualerian, Techformeplease, Paradoxiality, Gbulmeruk, Barefoottech, Northamerica1000, PatrickCarbone, Frze,Srcvale, Compfreak7, BKJanzen, Abishai Singh, Sn1per, Nungalpiriggal, Jjolla88, Udoklein, carusdaidalos, Ldsrc2008, Roguebhag-man, Mfoulks3200, Shields Arduino, Laure f o, Khazar2, Riktw, Theoduino, Youdonotknow, Imheck, Dexbot, Roweboat14, Olonic,MarkAStephenson, Vinnycordeiro, Luli17, Razvaniycdi, Theskuter37, MaharajaMD, MWikiOrg, Prestja, Edsfocci, Pdecalculus, Ono-rai, Dairhead, Kirstine Dupont, TobiasAD, Pabhilash, Samyulg, Ales9000, Borg4223, WikiEditingResearcher, RaphaelQS, Htbwmedia,Ashishbuntybhaiya, Carafriez, Toastcoast, ScotXW, Snakomaniac, WAYNELYW, Brad Dyer, Lagoset, Cman21031, Scarlettail, Dsprc,Darkness Fallss, Engr Wasim Khan, 329n8z7TeL, Karlsonx, Andhof-mt, Javiterr, Eudorina412, Gondi56 and Anonymous: 433

11.2 Images File:Arduino316.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Arduino316.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contribu-

tors: http://www.arduino.cc/ Original artist: Nicholas Zambetti File:Arduino_Logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Arduino_Logo.svg License: Public domain Con-

tributors: http://arduino.cc Original artist: Unknown File:Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpg License: CC BY

2.0 Contributors: Arduino Uno - R3 Original artist: SparkFun Electronics from Boulder, USA File:Arduino_led-5.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Arduino_led-5.jpg License: Public domain Con-

tributors: Own work Original artist: DustyDingo File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original

artist: ? File:Free_Software_Portal_Logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Free_and_open-source_

software_logo_%282009%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: FOSS Logo.svg Original artist: Free Software Portal Logo.svg(FOSS Logo.svg): ViperSnake151

File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png License: LGPLContributors: http://icon-king.com Original artist: David Vignoni / ICON KING

File:Question_book-new.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0Contributors:Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:Tkgd2007

File:Symbol_list_class.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg License: Public domain Con-tributors: ? Original artist: ?

File:UnoConnections.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/UnoConnections.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0Contributors: Own work Original artist: 1sfoerster

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino?oldid=646633136http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Arduino316.jpghttp://www.arduino.cc/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Arduino_Logo.svghttp://arduino.cc/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Arduino_Uno_-_R3.jpghttp://www.flickr.com/photos/sparkfun/8406865680/http://www.flickr.com/people/41898857@N04http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Arduino_led-5.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%25282009%2529.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%25282009%2529.svg//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Free_Software_Portal_Logo.svg//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Free_Software_Portal_Logo.svg//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:ViperSnake151http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.pnghttp://icon-king.com/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book.png//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Equazcion//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Tkgd2007http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/UnoConnections.jpg//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:1sfoerster

11.3 Content license 7

11.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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