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Supplementary file- Chemosphere
Arsenic mitigation in rice grain loading via alternative irrigation by proposed water management practices
Anamika Shrivastavaψ, Anil Barlaψ, Arnab Majumdar, Surjit Singh, and Sutapa Bose*
Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India-741246
ψEqually Contributed-
*Corresponding Author-
E mail: [email protected] , [email protected]
This file contains-
Tables S1 to S2
Figures S1 to S5
Addition figures of sampling area separately.
Additional data set of the whole experimentation
Table S1.Standard operating conditions of the ICP-MS used for the analysis
PARAMETER ICPMS (Thermo Scientific X-Series 2)
RF Power 4.2 KwCarrier Gas Flow Rate 20 ml/minCollision Cell Gas He (93%) + H (7%)
Collision Cell Gas Flow Rate 2-10 ml /minNebulizer Pump Rate 0.5 rps (30 RPM)Uptake Time 30 s
Wash Time 60- 70 s
Table S2. Concentration of elements in standard reference materials by ICP-MS
Elements
Water
SRM 1640a (elements in µg/l) (n = 4)
Soil
SRM 2711a (As & Cu in mg/kg;
Fe &Mn in %) (n = 5)
Rice
SRM 1568b (elements in mg/kg) (n = 4)
Certified Calculated % RSD Certified Calculated % RSD Certified Calculated % RSD
As 8.1 ± 0.1 8.3 ± 0.3 3.5 107 ± 5 104.2 ± 2.9 2.8 0.28 0.22 ± 0.005 2.6
Cu 85.75 ± 0.5 84.42 ± 0.1 0.1 140 ± 2 132 ± 4.2 3.2 2.35 ± 0.2 2.25 ± 0.06 2.8
Fe 36.8 ± 1.7 37.36 ± 0.1 0.22 0.14 ± 0.1 0.16 3.1 7.42 ± 0.5 6.98 ± 0.13 1.9
Mn 40.39 ± 0.4 39.15 ± 0.1 0.3 1.07 ± 0.1 1 3 19.20 ± 1.8 16.70 ± 0.27 1.6
Analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs) reported as a mean ± standard deviation; n is number of measurements; % RSD is relative
standard deviation.
Figure S1. Elemental concentrations in soil and groundwater samples collected during Boro rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 before Amon cultivation.
Soil and water samples were analyzed for iron (a,d), manganese (b,e) and chromium (c,f) in subsequent years from all the three fields with one control fields and rest two continuous flooding (CF) and intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using ground water for all the fields. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.
Figure S2. Elemental concentrations in rice grain samples collected during Boro rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 before Amon cultivation.
Rice grain samples were analyzed for iron (a), manganese (b) and chromium (c) in subsequent years from both the two experimental fields with one continuous flooding (CF) and the other intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using contaminated ground water for all the fields and collected just before harvesting. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.
Figure S3. Elemental concentrations in soil samples collected during Amon rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 after Boro cultivation.
Soil samples were analyzed for arsenic (a), iron (b), manganese (c) and chromium (d) in subsequent years from all the three fields with one control fields and rest two continuous flooding (CF) and intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using rain water for all the fields. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.
Figure S4. Elemental concentrations in field water samples collected during Amon rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 after Boro cultivation.
Water samples were analyzed for arsenic (a), iron (b), manganese (c) and chromium (d) in subsequent years from all the three fields with one control fields and rest two continuous flooding (CF) and intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using rain water for all the fields and collected thereafter. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.
Figure S5. Elemental concentrations in rice grain samples collected during Amon rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 after Boro cultivation.
Rice grain samples were analyzed for arsenic (a), iron (b), manganese (c) and chromium (d) in subsequent years from both the two experimental fields with one continuous flooding (CF) and the other intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using rain water for all the fields and collected just before harvesting. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.
Graphical images of sampling area-
Extra Table 1. Boro soil elemental concentrations in 2013 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
As Fe Mn Cr
Sampling
Fields R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
S1 Control
6.11 6.84 6.32 6.43 0.31 3915.89 3914.56 3788.96 3873.13 59.52 82.13 84.65 89.66 85.48 3.13
72.82 74.68 79.35 75.62 2.75
S2 7.24 7.46 7.36 7.35 0.09 4889.03 4803.45 4759.35 4817.27 53.84 96.44 95.35 96.48 96.09 0.52
75.40 75.89 74.63 75.31 0.52
S3 8.49 8.66 8.19 8.45 0.20 5856.00 5768.22 5709.46 5777.89 60.22 101.54
107.36
107.36
105.42
2.74
77.36 79.44 78.23 78.35 0.85
S1 IF 32.95 32.89 31.58 32.47 0.63 13646.19
13649.75
13722.19
13672.71
35.02 191.34
184.65
189.65
188.55
2.84
85.36 84.22 86.49 85.35 0.93
S2 37.82 37.99 37.05 37.62 0.41 16049.58
16134.68
16281.78
16155.34
95.92 209.03
207.75
211.85
209.54
1.71
99.24 98.13 1.25 66.20 45.94
S3 41.91 40.29 41.37 41.19 0.67 16905.40
16768.34
16862.46
16845.40
57.24 231.46
232.79
213.74
226.00
8.68
109.74
113.75
122.47
115.32
5.32
S1 CF 41.15 41.37 42.06 41.53 0.39 18550.83
18496.34
19076.20
18707.79
261.45
275.46
275.38
267.15
272.66
3.90
98.91 98.35 95.65 97.64 1.42
S2 45.97 45.78 46.39 46.04 0.25 19947.15
19662.38
19248.65
19619.39
286.78
281.58
267.48
274.35
274.47
5.76
103.18
108.79
102.80
104.92
2.74
S3 49.12 50.36 49.59 49.69 0.51 22398.24
22187.35
21548.85
22044.81
361.11
314.65
319.23
334.85
322.91
8.65
109.68
124.35
116.49
116.84
6.00
Extra Table 2. Boro soil elemental concentrations in 2014 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
As Fe Mn Cr
Sampling
Fields R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
S1 Control
7.55 7.65 8.24 7.81 0.30
6635.08 6678.45 6378.94 6564.16 132.16 166.32
167.14.96
172.14
169.23
2.91
86.23 84.46 89.16 86.62 1.94
S2 7.86 8.64 9.22 8.57 0.56
6524.67 6278.36 6549.29 6450.77 122.33 169.08
164.25 170.66
168.00
2.73
90.20 91.78 92.37 91.45 0.91
S3 8.09 8.79 9.34 8.74 0.51
6843.67 6739.24 67.19 4550.03 3170.13
178.68
189.35 176.39
181.47
5.65
97.36 94.22 93.18 94.92 1.78
S1 IF 45.75
48.31
44.78
46.28
1.49
10168.35
10189.62
10206.17
10188.05
15.48 260.85
264.22 271.36
265.48
4.38
121.47
116.48
109.37
115.77
4.96
S2 46.56
46.77
48.29
47.21
0.77
11425.59
11671.64
11622.39
11573.21
106.30 267.20
271.88 279.19
272.76
4.93
121.45
128.69
130.44
126.86
3.89
S3 47.51
48.31
45.67
47.16
1.11
12387.67
11961.78
11236.28
11861.91
475.33 273.01
288.26 274.25
278.51
6.92
122.19
124.34
127.68
124.74
2.26
S1 CF 56.14
59.38
57.66
57.73
1.32
17566.37
17698.34
17486.31
17583.67
87.42 366.17
369.34 371.87
369.13
2.33
128.69
130.47
130.78
129.98
0.92
S2 57.51
58.23
59.14
58.29
0.67
18037.54
18067.96
18369.11
18158.20
149.65 369.27
366.49 367.61
367.79
1.14
132.05
136.58
131.49
133.37
2.28
S3 58.72
57.14
56.39
57.42
0.97
18624.49
19037.18
18779.24
18813.64
170.23 377.98
388.39 377.19
381.19
5.10
132.65
134.65
137.99
135.10
2.20
Extra Table 3. Boro soil elemental concentrations in 2015 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
As Fe Mn Cr
Sampling
Fields R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
S1 Control
9.21 9.47 9.48 9.39 0.13
17825.00
17982.65 17235.19
17680.95
321.70 174.39
181.23
179.26
178.29
2.87 87.86 84.96 90.17 87.66 2.13
S2 14.17
15.67
14.98
14.94
0.61
21092.22
210124.36
21088.64
84101.74
89111.45
183.42
185.24
187.63
185.43
1.72 90.53 92.37 92.89 91.93 1.01
S3 13.77
14.06
14.26
14.03
0.20
23227.67
23749.19 23489.32
23488.73
212.91 187.01
190.34
188.29
188.55
1.37 96.49 97.35 99.76 97.87 1.38
S1 IF 28.27
27.36
29.21
28.28
0.76
20658.33
20178.34 20537.19
20457.95
203.81 213.93
210.37
220.17
214.82
4.05 118.06
108.26
112.37
112.90
4.02
S2 31.66
31.56
32.95
32.06
0.63
21678.89
21598.36 21622.89
21633.38
33.70 218.17
221.64
24.89 154.90
91.94
119.86
124.84
120.63
121.78
2.19
S3 33.89
32.78
34.98
33.88
0.90
22691.11
22489.78 22499.31
22560.07
92.74 224.59
230.78
229.49
228.29
2.67 119.90
122.89
126.99
123.26
2.91
S1 CF 36.38
34.78
36.29
35.82
0.73
22155.33
22189.75 22468.29
22271.12
140.12 219.20
214.95
217.67
217.27
1.76 127.83
137.25
127.46
130.85
4.53
S2 38.92
39.47
40.19
39.53
0.52
23465.11
23735.84 23759.18
23653.38
133.46 234.58
231.84
237.22
234.55
2.20 137.84
139.26
137.96
138.35
0.64
S3 46.35
49.70
43.59
46.55
2.50
24102.11
24667.36 24238.99
24336.15
240.77 237.97
236.38
239.41
237.92
1.24 135.56
141.87
144.21
140.55
3.65
Extra Table 4. Boro soil elemental concentrations in 2016 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
As Fe Mn Cr
Sampling
Fields R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
S1 Control
5.71 6.09 6.94 6.25 0.51
35030.22
35149.36
35109.22
35096.27
49.49 248.69
247.19
250.11
248.66
1.19 68.03 64.29 67.11 66.48 1.59
S2 7.98 6.87 6.77 7.21 0.55
27774.44
27483.45
27396.44
27551.44
161.64
306.30
306.48
299.54
304.11
3.23 73.21 72.96 74.19 73.45 0.53
S3 7.13 8.32 7.94 7.80 0.50
30245.56
30267.91
30411.78
30308.42
73.66 224.24
247.89
250.36
240.83
11.77
61.09 65.44 63.97 63.50 1.81
S1 IF 35.84
34.69
35.06
35.20 0.48
37236.00
37685.33
37466.21
37462.51
183.46
640.38
608.29
607.36
618.68
15.35
106.47
109.23
110.78
108.83
1.78
S2 34.28
35.89
35.79
35.32 0.74
38224.33
38489.11
38631.74
38448.39
168.80
659.94
621.39
647.44
642.92
16.06
91.67 92.37 93.47 92.50 0.74
S3 33.45
36.19
37.44
35.69 1.67
39062.22
39301.28
39115.26
39159.59
102.50
637.92
658.17
682.34
659.48
18.16
95.13 96.11 98.26 96.50 1.31
S1 CF 42.41
43.65
44.19
43.42 0.75
36713.78
36712.68
36554.21
36660.22
74.96 659.40
649.18
631.29
646.62
11.62
99.55 102.17
100.87
100.86
1.07
S2 35.28
36.48
34.87
35.54 0.68
37714.11
37336.17
37317.14
37455.81
182.81
622.88
625.33
631.07
626.43
3.43 68.79 68.36 69.18 68.78 0.33
S3 36.09
35.98
36.81
36.29 0.37
38210.00
38036.48
38324.96
38190.48
118.58
678.64
669.17
662.78
670.20
6.52 67.71 69.77 70.39 69.29 1.14
Extra Table 5. Bororice plantelemental concentrations in 2013 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Growth Phase
Plant Parts
R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
Vegetative Root 13.66 13.78
14.65 14.03 0.44 7045.15 7034.59 7108.55 7062.76 32.66
17.71 18.46
18.67 18.28 0.41
1.42
2.13 1.98 1.84 0.31
Shoot0.51 0.65 0.58 0.58 0.06 52.76 54.68 51.87 53.10 1.17
21.89 24.36
27.61 24.62 2.34
0.55
0.64 0.72 0.64 0.07
Reproductive
Root 19.83 18.97
19.07 19.29 0.38
16242.50 16388.19 16287.44
16306.04 60.91
17.94 19.08
18.76 18.59 0.48
1.46
1.65 1.88 1.66 0.17
Shoot1.77 1.48 1.00 1.42 0.32 54.22 62.39 58.43 58.35 3.33
20.55 21.48
22.64 21.56 0.86
0.92
0.86 0.92 0.90 0.03
Ripening Root 21.96 22.49
23.07 22.51 0.45
18050.13 18109.55 18097.28
18085.65 25.61
28.45 27.98
28.45 28.29 0.22
1.78
1.99 2.07 1.95 0.12
Shoot0.29 0.35 0.30 0.31 0.02 138.85 121.74 106.39 122.33 13.26
13.79 13.65
14.88 14.11 0.55
0.26
0.61 0.43 0.43 0.14
grain1.55 1.06 1.87 1.49 0.33 39.07 31.87 40.88 37.27 3.89 5.26 6.59 6.81 6.22 0.68
0.39
0.44 0.51 0.45 0.05
Intermittent Field
Growth Plant R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
Phase PartsVegetative Root
9.67 9.49 8.89 9.35 0.3311597.67 11892.71 116589.13
46693.17 49424.05
15.97 14.98
17.66 16.20 1.11
0.26
0.24 0.61 0.37 0.17
Shoot0.33 0.42 0.36 0.37 0.04 58.43 58.19 53.77 56.80 2.14
17.92 19.68
18.46 18.69 0.74
0.43
0.43 0.55 0.47 0.06
Reproductive
Root 10.40 11.49
10.87 10.92 0.45
10446.72 10896.29 10874.86
10739.29 207.06
17.02 17.96
19.77 18.25 1.14
0.77
0.73 0.94 0.81 0.09
Shoot0.34 0.54 0.49 0.46 0.08 80.49 91.23 88.49 86.74 4.56
27.94 29.68
30.41 29.34 1.03
0.29
0.32 0.34 0.32 0.02
Ripening Root 12.63 11.63
12.47 12.24 0.44
21354.95 21734.48 21359.49
21482.97 177.85
21.48 24.09
22.73 22.77 1.06
0.95
0.99 1.06 1.00 0.05
Shoot0.41 0.51 0.64 0.52 0.09 105.05 112.48 107.64 108.39 3.08 9.59 10.46 9.76 9.94 0.38
0.27
0.41 0.37 0.35 0.06
grain0.93 0.89 0.99 0.94 0.04 27.30 31.44 30.79 29.84 1.82 2.34 3.44 2.86 2.88 0.45
0.27
0.26 0.51 0.35 0.11
Extra Table 6. Bororice plantelemental concentrations in 2014 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Growth Phase
Plant Parts
R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
Vegetative Root 14.31 15.06 14.98 14.78 0.34
2899.78 2817.34 2866.49 2861.20 33.86 213.45
217.54 220.49
217.16 2.89 5.60
6.18 5.97 5.92 0.24
Shoot 0.47 0.47 0.61 0.52 0.07
150.70 141.55 139.64 143.96 4.83 114.65
108.64 112.89
112.06 2.52 1.72
1.48 1.68 1.63 0.10
Reproductive
Root 18.02 19.61 17.29 18.31 0.97
4576.34 4561.29 4498.79 4545.47 33.58 203.82
209.47 216.49
209.93 5.18 5.69
6.44 5.91 6.01 0.31
Shoot 0.67 0.73 0.59 0.66 0.06
296.04 269.37 288.21 284.54 11.19 117.57
119.78 113.21
116.85 2.73 2.33
2.79 2.46 2.53 0.19
Ripening Root 23.18 22.48 24.33 23.33 0.76
6530.56 6487.26 6511.89 6509.90 17.73 234.79
241.23 249.87
241.96 6.18 6.04
5.88 6.01 5.98 0.07
Shoot 0.67 0.81 0.69 0.72 0.06
413.02 451.22 460.17 441.47 20.45 244.70
240.77 253.46
246.31 5.30 7.93
8.67 8.11 8.24 0.32
grain 1.34 1.32 1.17 1.28 0.08
7.99 8.09 8.66 8.25 0.30 22.08 27.84 29.91 26.61 3.31 0.05
0.08 0.06 0.06 0.01
Intermittent Field
Growth Phase
Plant Parts
R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
Vegetative Root 8.21 7.86 9.18 8.42 0.56
1937.80 1899.14 1937.23 1924.72 18.09 143.25
157.16 148.33
149.58 5.75 0.08
0.07 0.08 0.08 0.01
Shoot 0.41 0.54 0.62 0.52 0.09
48.08 49.17 47.68 48.31 0.63 121.23
127.34 129.62
126.06 3.54 0.02
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00
Reproductive
Root 13.20 13.27 15.97 14.15 1.29
2410.98 2467.19 2389.65 2422.61 32.71 103.88
108.37 109.66
107.30 2.48 0.38
0.41 0.35 0.38 0.02
Shoot 0.72 0.83 0.94 0.83 0.09
121.70 131.48 147.21 133.46 10.51 107.18
111.78 104.89
107.95 2.87 0.28
0.31 0.42 0.34 0.06
Ripening Root 20.00 21.31 20.77 20.69 0.54
2634.06 2578.34 2607.49 2606.63 22.76 121.33
131.74 135.64
129.57 6.04 1.28
1.59 1.47 1.45 0.13
Shoot 0.67 0.53 0.61 0.60 0.06
111.10 98.55 106.84 105.50 5.21 125.34
128.34 131.66
128.45 2.58 0.44
0.51 0.62 0.52 0.07
grain 0.97 1.08 1.12 1.06 0.06
10.75 12.65 11.79 11.73 0.78 22.51 27.98 25.49 25.33 2.24 0.04
0.08 0.06 0.06 0.02
Extra Table 7. Bororice plantelemental concentrations in 2015 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Growth Phase
Plant Parts
R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
Vegetative Root 54.95 56.48 52.98 54.80 1.43 3933.72 3498.11 3764.28 3732.04 179.29 88.72 92.07 91.33 90.71 1.44 13.80
15.08 14.67 14.52 0.54
Shoot 3.67 4.19 4.67 4.18 0.41 302.88 316.48 345.21 321.52 17.64 111.15 107.64 114.67 111.15
2.87 1.45 1.64 1.21 1.43 0.18
Reproductive Root 58.59 61.37 59.06 59.67 1.22 5289.23 5341.18 5478.64 5369.68 79.91 74.74 81.36 79.27 78.46 2.76 19.53
18.92 17.36 18.60 0.91
Shoot 2.97 2.67 3.11 2.92 0.18 562.92 562.84 596.74 574.17 15.96 137.70 140.97 146.33 141.67
3.56 8.54 8.06 9.12 8.57 0.43
Ripening Root 55.28 54.87 58.29 56.15 1.53 4692.62 4387.19 4791.28 4623.70 172.02 71.18 78.29 73.55 74.34 2.96 19.99
20.14 18.67 19.60 0.66
Shoot 2.47 3.01 2.77 2.75 0.22 613.54 589.22 601.37 601.38 9.93 116.74 119.65 109.18 115.19
4.41 9.91 10.33 11.05 10.43 0.47
grain 1.04 1.12 1.06 1.07 0.03 83.34 77.65 95.56 85.52 7.47 22.52 25.71 28.22 25.48 2.33 1.46 1.85 1.22 1.51 0.26
Intermittent Field
Growth Phase
Plant Parts
R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
Vegetative Root 154.27 1.37 148.77 101.47 70.82 7851.73 7922.48 7831.91 7868.71 38.87 51.25 53.98 54.18 53.14 1.34 24.13
21.79 25.61 23.84 1.57
Shoot 4.93 4.79 5.21 4.98 0.17 432.00 427.61 421.31 426.97 4.39 104.14 107.98 110.66 107.59
2.68 2.90 3.71 2.45 3.02 0.52
Reproductive Root 210.95 224.65
210.78 215.46 6.50 10052.80
10037.49 10157.88
10082.72 53.51 88.06 89.17 93.41 90.21 2.30 25.99
23.49 28.31 25.93 1.97
Shoot 6.55 6.18 6.73 6.49 0.23 587.09 591.24 277.64 485.32 146.86 156.98 162.78 158.33 159.36
2.48 7.80 7.99 9.06 8.28 0.55
Ripening Root 164.49 179.45
180.31 174.75 7.26 9609.26 9634.81 9981.29 9741.79 169.68 84.58 91.36 89.05 88.33 2.81 23.00
24.56 25.01 24.19 0.86
Shoot 8.45 7.94 8.24 8.21 0.21 722.99 764.17 726.35 737.84 18.67 118.50 120.47 115.61 118.19
2.00 5.61 6.33 4.97 5.64 0.56
grain 1.42 1.06 1.13 1.20 0.15 287.30 264.12 255.32 268.91 13.49 27.82 29.11 27.53 28.15 0.69 1.40 1.23 1.42 1.35 0.09
Extra Table 8. Bororice plantelemental concentrations in 2016 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Growth Phase
Plant Parts
R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
Vegetative Root 56.97 61.23 59.06 59.09 1.74 25674.67
26781.56 26881.02 26445.75 546.75
132.39 149.22 151.06
144.22 8.40 29.59 31.88 34.36 31.94 1.95
Shoot
7.62 8.29 9.12 8.34 0.61 4809.33 4715.22 4879.34 4801.30 67.24 47.61 48.92 53.27 49.93 2.42 8.33 9.17 10.36 9.29 0.83
Reproductive Root 53.84 57.68 52.36 54.63 2.24 22266.67
22498.59 22834.18 22533.15 232.97
131.07 16.37 133.89
93.78 54.75 29.83 31.47 36.52 32.61 2.85
Shoot
8.25 8.99 9.65 8.96 0.57 4994.67 5027.34 4983.26 5001.76 18.68 58.27 59.61 62.78 60.22 1.89 14.47 16.89 17.08 16.15 1.19
Ripening Root 37.18 41.23 43.61 40.67 2.66 20099.67
20347.15 20369.14 20271.99 122.18
125.50 130.19 129.77
128.49 2.12 25.52 27.01 28.33 26.95 1.15
Shoot
17.38 18.91 17.01 17.77 0.82 5205.67 5167.65 5288.78 5220.70 50.58 53.71 59.38 60.11 57.73 2.86 14.10 16.98 15.86 15.65 1.19
grain 1.51 1.46 1.76 1.58 0.13 512.40 527.09 543.11 527.53 12.54 75.09 79.66 81.35 78.70 2.64 7.03 8.64 9.12 8.26 0.89
Intermittent Field
Growth Phase
Plant Parts
R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
Vegetative Root 27.07 31.08 32.66 30.27 2.35 11333.33
11479.35 11361.82 11391.50 63.20 107.00 109.47 105.66
107.38 1.58 22.81 27.11 26.58 25.50 1.91
Shoot
3.60 3.48 5.19 4.09 0.78 2196.00 2163.26 2108.64 2155.97 36.04 45.54 51.28 49.67 48.83 2.42 2.43 3.47 2.98 2.96 0.42
Reproductive Root 21.39 21.67 25.97 23.01 2.10 11290.00
11961.28 11735.06 11662.11 278.86
109.77 110.79 118.31
112.96 3.81 22.83 24.58 29.37 25.59 2.77
Shoot
3.08 3.92 4.37 3.79 0.53 2097.00 2178.64 2099.56 2125.07 37.90 65.40 72.11 73.94 70.48 3.67 9.79 11.34 10.94 10.69 0.66
Ripening Root 19.15 20.46 21.03 20.21 0.79 3765.33 3561.55 3699.17 3675.35 84.88 92.80 88.99 92.37 91.39 1.70 19.43 18.77 21.05 19.75 0.96
Shoot
2.99 4.01 3.89 3.63 0.46 7167.67 7135.88 7249.92 7184.49 48.05 60.97 67.11 63.98 64.02 2.51 8.37 9.33 10.83 9.51 1.01
grain 0.52 0.61 0.43 0.52 0.07 279.17 328.31 375.88 327.79 39.48 26.23 31.08 29.65 28.99 2.03 1.55 1.22 1.17 1.31 0.17
Extra Table 9. Borogroundwaterelemental concentrations in 2013 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
S1 59.51 59.35 59.88 59.58 0.22 1557.90 1547.33
1559.15 1554.79
5.30 121.67 124.77
130.21 125.55 3.53 0.69 0.78 0.81 0.76 0.05
S2 60.31 60.48 60.78 60.52 0.19 3315.67 349.15 3298.65 2321.16
1394.44 186.53 196.78
178.25 187.19 7.58 0.67 0.62 0.56 0.62 0.05
S3 69.62 69.18 69.78 69.53 0.25 8027.67 8106.77
8069.56 8068.00
32.31 75.34 81.35 81.66 79.45 2.91 0.62 0.65 0.59 0.62 0.02
Intermittent Field
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
S1 22.43 22.68 23.07 22.73 0.26 3634.00 3647.19
3589.22 3623.47
24.81 149.57 157.55
160.23 155.78 4.53 0.56 0.81 0.69 0.69 0.10
S2 24.59 24.36 25.17 24.71 0.34 3417.00 3478.55
3508.65 3468.07
38.14 204.66 210.64
211.96 209.09 3.18 0.60 0.58 0.71 0.63 0.06
S3 28.82 28.69 29.16 28.89 0.20 1181.00 1157.00
1192.08 1176.69
14.64 88.37 95.61 92.33 92.10 2.96 0.22 0.41 0.42 0.35 0.09
Control Field
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD
S1 34.77 33.98 34.56 34.44 0.33 1383.70 1287.69
1358.04 1343.14
40.59 104.22 109.67
112.36 108.75 3.39 0.38 0.26 0.34 0.33 0.05
S2 41.08 41.26 41.88 41.41 0.34 1937.24 2078.33
1988.64 2001.40
58.30 143.44 151.29
148.67 147.80 3.26 0.65 0.69 0.71 0.68 0.02
S3 47.55 48.12 47.32 47.66 0.34 2633.00 2539.66
2621.44 2598.03
41.55 233.87 26.09 252.77 170.91 102.69
0.76 0.78 0.83 0.79 0.03
Extra Table 10. Borogroundwaterelemental concentrations in 2014 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded
Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Samplings
R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 61.07
62.45
64.33
62.62
1.34
5497.67
5436.89
5627.16
5520.57
79.35 349.88
341.22
368.99
353.36
11.60
0.44
0.84
0.69
0.66 0.16
S2 62.34
60.15
62.89
61.79
1.18
2377.67
2509.11
2446.89
2444.56
53.69 230.46
250.69
248.63
243.26
9.09 0.81
0.88
0.95
0.88 0.06
S3 70.74
71.29
70.44
70.82
0.35
2343.67
2368.25
2477.93
2396.62
58.37 108.33
116.37
112.79
112.50
3.29 0.60
0.62
0.48
0.57 0.06
Intermittent Field
Samplings
R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 32.91
33.14
32.89
32.98
0.11
1791.33
1789.36
1807.55
1796.08
8.15 311.54
324.15
314.99
316.89
5.32 0.27
0.19
0.34
0.27 0.06
S2 41.97
42.36
41.89
42.07
0.20
1758.33
1739.44
1845.64
1781.14
46.26 231.77
237.95
240.18
236.63
3.56 0.33
0.43
0.51
0.42 0.07
S3 40.29
41.22
42.08
41.20
0.73
1707.64
1809.64
1736.89
1751.39
42.89 98.39 96.38 105.77
100.18
4.04 0.30
0.39
0.38
0.36 0.04
Control Field
Samplings
R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 34.09
35.78
33.98
34.62
0.82
1821.09
1896.22
1877.19
1864.83
31.89 107.50
115.69
121.36
114.85
5.69 0.47
0.51
0.55
0.51 0.03
S2 40.68
40.36
39.68
40.24
0.42
2411.76
2493.18
1557.95
2154.30
422.99
151.80
161.37
148.25
153.81
5.54 0.58
0.62
0.57
0.59 0.02
S3 48.12
49.71
49.03
48.95
0.65
3632.04
3609.88
3782.79
3674.90
76.82 235.20
241.99
240.78
239.32
2.96 0.64
0.78
0.81
0.74 0.07
Extra Table 11. Borogroundwaterelemental concentrations in 2015 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 63.73 62.48 65.24 63.82 1.13 3448.33 3496.14
3589.22 3511.23 58.50 352.40 362.48 351.25 355.38
5.05 0.81 0.87
0.96 0.88 0.06
S2 76.94 74.99 78.36 76.76 1.38 2131.67 2174.69
2189.36 2165.24 24.48 211.84 214.36 219.22 215.14
3.06 0.60 0.65
0.61 0.62 0.02
S3 79.83 79.68 81.25 80.25 0.71 2031.67 2109.63
2078.22 2073.17 32.03 115.44 116.85 121.36 117.88
2.52 0.41 0.39
0.47 0.42 0.03
Intermittent Field
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 35.28 36.48 35.28 35.68 0.56 1234.00 1236.98
1285.67 1252.22 23.69 287.35 278.99 282.39 282.91
3.43 0.30 0.38
0.29 0.32 0.04
S2 37.77 34.88 39.48 37.38 1.90 1351.00 1378.49
1434.69 1388.06 34.83 169.73 169.33 175.24 171.43
2.70 0.44 0.42
0.49 0.45 0.03
S3 39.88 36.13 39.11 38.37 1.62 1633.00 1635.48
1699.00 1655.83 30.54 102.55 109.55 111.66 107.92
3.89 0.25 0.31
0.28 0.28 0.02
Control Field
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 58.91 59.96 60.17 59.68 0.55 1891.50 1896.34
1824.39 1870.74 32.84 128.45 136.18 138.94 134.52
4.44 0.48 0.51
0.55 0.51 0.03
S2 52.24 23.74 53.96 43.31 13.86 1984.50 1866.48
1903.14 1918.04 49.32 149.85 150.36 151.78 150.66
0.82 0.61 0.49
0.57 0.56 0.05
S3 64.19 67.89 66.11 66.06 1.51 2251.00 2247.12
2324.58 2274.23 35.64 204.15 207.44 211.96 207.85
3.20 0.73 0.88
0.79 0.80 0.06
Extra Table 12. Borogroundwaterelemental concentrations in 2016 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).
Continuously Flooded Field
As Fe Mn Cr
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 70.22 71.26 72.65 71.38 1.00 2840.33 2965.21
2899.36 2901.63 51.01 364.29 369.11 371.25 368.22
2.91 0.40 0.54
0.42 0.45 0.06
S2 81.08 82.16 81.99 81.74 0.47 2488.33 2479.36
2566.12 2511.27 38.96 340.28 358.69 347.12 348.70
7.60 0.64 0.77
0.69 0.70 0.05
S3 84.30 85.69 86.18 85.39 0.80 2614.37 2598.17
2677.14 2629.89 34.06 155.38 166.98 170.36 164.24
6.42 0.22 0.19
0.24 0.22 0.02
Intermittent Field
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 47.20 48.36 49.22 48.26 0.83 3348.17 3347.89
3412.96 3369.67 30.61 304.79 308.96 311.47 308.41
2.76 0.48 0.49
0.52 0.50 0.02
S2 44.76 45.63 47.22 45.87 1.02 1142.25 1175.34
1189.36 1168.98 19.75 189.36 199.64 201.47 196.82
5.33 0.26 0.31
0.28 0.28 0.02
S3 42.40 12.36 41.96 32.24 14.06 1933.33 1936.78
1833.85 1901.32 47.73 76.15 96.48 82.47 85.03 8.50 0.39 0.36
0.41 0.39 0.02
Control Field
Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean
SD
S1 58.31 59.67 54.18 57.39 2.33 1135.50 1189.64
1217.36 1180.83 33.99 117.50 117.89 137.96 124.45
9.55 0.35 0.43
0.52 0.43 0.07
S2 59.72 58.69 61.22 59.88 1.04 1557.00 1658.36
1571.00 1595.45 44.85 144.05 157.66 149.22 150.31
5.61 0.51 0.63
0.58 0.57 0.05
S3 66.33 65.39 67.89 66.54 1.03 1770.00 1789.36
1800.60 1786.65 12.64 205.75 207.61 219.24 210.87
5.97 0.70 0.69
0.71 0.70 0.01