samecniero Jurnali

„S cripta manent“saqarTvelo

#3(23s)

2014

Jurnali dafuZnebulia Ria diplomatiis asociaciis mier

Scr ipta manent

saerTaSoriso recenzirebadi multilingvuri

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

Multilingual Reviewing International Scientific Magazine

Международный рецензионный мультилингвальный научный журнал

„S cripta manent“

GEORGIA

ГРУЗИЯ

#3(23)

2014

OPEN DIPLOMATIC ASSOCIATION

АССОЦИАЦИЯ ОТКРЫТОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ

GEORGIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

ГРУЗИНСКИЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

ISSN 1987-7390UDK (uak) 81+82 S-41

saredaqcio kolegia:

maia CxeiZe

mTavari redaqtori

rusudan TabukaSvili

mTavari redaqtoris moadgile

ia CiqviniZe

pasuxismgebeli mdivani

redkolegiis wevrebi:

viola furcelaZe, hans rudiger fluki, kulpaS beibitova, silvia boteva,

tania grishameri, qeTevan gabunia, ia –burduli, maria mixailova,

tatiana megreliSvili, alba graciano, alesandra spadafora, giorgi yufaraZe,

rusudan gociriZe.

misamarTi:

saqarTvelo, Tbilisi, 0175, kostavas 77, korpusi VI, sarTuli VIII

tel. : 236 51 76

E-mail. : r. tabukashvili@gmail. com

teqnikuri uzrunvelyofa: karina xaraziSvili

E-mail. : k-kharazishvili@mail. ru scripta.manentmagazine@gmail. com

Jurnalis eleqtronuli versia ganTavsebulia Ria diplomatiis asociaciis vebgverdze:

www. odageorgia.ge

4

Editorial Board:

Maia Chkheidze, Viola Purtseladze, Rusudan Tabukashvili, Ia Chikvinidze, Hans Rudiger Fluck, Kulpash Beibitova, Tania Grieskhammer, Ketevan Gabunia, Ia Burduli, Maria Mikhailova, Silvia Boteva, Tatiana Megrelishvili, Alba Graziano, Alessandra Spadafora, Georgi Kuparadze, Rusudan Gotsiridze.

Adress: Kostava str. 77, 0175, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel. : (995 32) 236 51 76E-mail: r. tabukashvili@gmail. com

Electronic version: www. odageorgia. ge

Редакционная коллегия:

Майя Чхеидзе, Виола Пурцеладзе, Русудан Табукашвили, Ия Чиквинидзе, Ганс Рудигер Флук, Кульпаш Бейбитова, Таня Грисхаммер, Кетеван Габуния, Ия Бурдули, Мария Михайлова, Сильвия Ботева, Татьяна Мегрелишвили, Альба Грациано, Алессандра Спадафора, Георгий Купарадзе, Русудан Гоциридзе.

Адрес: Ул. Костава 77, 0175, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел. : (995 32) 236 51 76E-mail: r. tabukashvili@gmail. com

Электронная версия: www. odageorgia. ge

5

redaqciisagan

„Scripta manent~ saerTaSoriso recenzirebadi multilingvuri

samecniero Jurnalia, romelic aqveynebs humanitarul da socia­

lur mecnierebaTa rogorc tradiciul, ise Tanamedroveobaze

dafuZnebul Teoriul Tu praqtikul naSromebs. amas garda, igi

adgils uTmobs recenziebs, Targmanebsa da sxvadasxva tipis

SemoqmedebiT naSroms.

profesionalTa naSromebis gamoqveynebis garda Jurnali

miznad isaxavs humanitarul da socialur mecnierebaTa po­

pularizacias momaval TaobebSi. Jurnalis redkolegia gansa­

kuTrebuli interesiTa da yuradRebiT ekideba doqtorantTa da

axalgazrda mecnierTa naSromebs.

Jurnali recenzirebadia, uaryofiTi recenziiT naSromi av­

tors ar ubrundeba. Jurnalis samuSao enebia: qarTuli, ru­

suli, inglisuri, germanuli, franguli, espanuri da italiuri.

saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi moRvaweoben saqarTvelos

(Tbilisi), germaniis (boxumi, berlini), ruseTis (moskovi), yaza­

xeTis (astana), bulgareTis (sofia) da italiis (tuscia) univer­

sitetebSi.

6

sarCevifilologia

ciuri axvlediani, qeTevan gabuniafrangul frazeologiur erTeulTa konceptualuri struqturebis korelacia ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10

ciuri axvlediani, lolita TabuaSviligastronomiuli komponentebis Semcvel frazeologiur erTeulTa lingvisturi analizi (franguli, espanuri da italiuri enebis masalaze) ................................................................... 15

maka balaZeevfemizmebis roli presis diskursSi da maTi klasifikacia ............................................. 21

TinaTin borCxaZeterminologia da misi klasifikaciis mcdeloba ............................................................................ 27

TinaTin borCxaZeterminologiisadmi sistemuri midgoma da misi arsi ................................................................. 31

rusudan gociriZeenebis Seswavlis revoluciuri saSualeba ........................................................................................... 38

marina zoranianiproduqtiuli sufiqsuri sityvawarmoebis swavleba rogorc teqnikuri specialobebis studentebis leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebis wyaro .......................... 44

manana ivaniseliinglisuri enis saxelmZRvaneloebis leqsikis SerCevis principebi ........................... 45

dodo labuCiZemecnierebisa da xelovnebis progresi da eTika ............................................................................... 50

medea svanimsoflios kulturuli suraTis gansazRvreba .................................................................................. 54

nino WrikiSvililaTinuri difTongebi Tanamedrove espanur enaSi ........................................................................ 60

Teona cincaZekalamburis gamoyeneba sagazeTo statiebis saTaurebSi .......................................................... 65

Teona cincaZesityvaTa TamaSis analizi fonetikur­morfologiur doneze ............................................ 70

socialuri mecniereba

7

Contents

Philology

Tsiuri Akhvlediani, Kétévan GabuniaThe Correlation of the Conceptual Structures of French Phraseological Units ..........................................14

Tsiuri Akhvlediani, Lolita TabuashviliThe Linguistic Analysis of the Phraseological Units Containing Gastronomical Components(on the material of French, Spanish and Italian Languages) .......................................................................20 Maka BaladzeThe Role of Euphemisms in Press Discourse and Their Classification .......................................................26

Tinatin BorchkhadzeTerminology and the Attempt of Its Classification ......................................................................................30

Tinatin BorchkhadzeSystem Approach to Terminology and its Essence ......................................................................................35

Rusudan GotsiridzeRevolutionizing the Ways of Language Learning ........................................................................................36

Marina ZoranyanTeaching Productive Word-Building on the Basis of Suffixation as a Means of Enriching Vocabulary of Students Majoring in Technical Areas .........................................................................................................43

Manana IvaniseliPrinciples English Textbooks and its Vocabulary Selection ........................................................................49

Dodo LabuchidzeThe Progress and Ethics of Science and Art ................................................................................................53

Medea SvaniThe Definition of the World Cultural Picture .............................................................................................59

Nino ChrikishviliLatin diphthongs in Modern Spanish Language ..........................................................................................64

Teona TsintsadzeThe Use of Pun in Newspaper Headlines ....................................................................................................69

Teona TsintsadzeThe Analysis of Word Play at Phonological and Morphological Levels .....................................................73

Social Sciences

Faya Shulenbayeva, Kamila Akim, Elmira JaldybayevaInter-Ethnic Balance Problems in Mass Media and Socio-Economic Levels of the Welfare in Society .....76

8

Содержание Филология

Ахвледиани Циури, Габуния КетеванКорреляция концептуальных структур французских фразеологизмов ................................................ 14

Ахвледиани Циури, Табуашвили ЛолитаЛингвистический анализ фразеологических единиц с гастрономическими компонентами(французский, испанский, итальянский языки) ...................................................................................... 20

Баладзе МакаРоль эвфемизмов в дискурсе прессы и их классификация .................................................................... 26

Борчхадзе ТинатинТерминология и попытки ее классификации .......................................................................................... 30

Борчхадзе ТинатинСистемный подход к терминологии и суть этого подхода ..................................................................... 35

Гоциридзе РусуданРеволюционные методы изучения языка ................................................................................................. 39

Зоранян МаринаОбучение продуктивному суффиксальному словообразованию как средству обогащения лексического запаса студентов технических вузов ............................................ 40

Иванисели МананаПринципы выбора лексики учебников английского языка .................................................................... 49

Лабучидзе ДодоПрогресс и этика науки и исскуства......................................................................................................... 53

Свани МедеяОпределение культурной картины мира .................................................................................................. 59

Чрикишвили НиноЛатинские дифтонги в современном испанском языке .......................................................................... 64

Цинцадзе ТеонаИспользование каламбура в газетных заголовках .................................................................................. 69

Цинцадзе Теона МерабовнаАнализ игры слов на фонетическом и морфологическом уровнях .......................................................... 73

Социальные науки

Камила Аким, Ф. Шуленбаева, ЭльмираПроблемы межэтнического баланса в СМИ и социально-экономический уровень благосостояния общества .......................................................................................................................... 80

9

filologia

PhilologyФилология

10

frangul frazeologiur erTeulTa

konceptualuri struqturebis korelacia

ciuri axvlediani

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

WavWavaZis gamz. #36, 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel. 599 508 607

E-mail: tsiuriakhvlediani@yahoo.com

qeTevan gabunia

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

WavWavaZis gamz. 36. 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel.L 599 201 099

E-mail: keti_gabunia@yahoo.com

reziumekonceptualuri informaciis struq­

turireba, erTi da imave kulturis

konceptTa Sepirispirebis gziT warmo­

adgens yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas im

mniSvnelovani kulturuli informaciis

gamosavlenad, romelic ama Tu im kon­

ceptiT ukavSirdeba enis matarebelTa

cnobierebas. am Teoriuli debulebis

sailustraciod ganvixilavT koncep­

tebs “siyvaruli” da “siZulvili”, rom­

lebic warmoadgenen binarul opozici­

as da mniSvnelovani arian sxvadasxva

lingvokulturaTa warmomadgenlebisa­

Tvis.

frazeologiur erTeulTa koncep­

tualuri struqturebis korelaciebi,

romlebic warmoadgenen «siyvarulisa»

da «siZulvilis» konceptebs, mJRavnde­

bian Semdegi parametrebiT: konceptua­

lur niSanTa igiveobiT, struqturul­

semantikuri da metaforuli modelebis

erTianobiT, rac mowmobs maTi velebis

gadakveTas.

sakvanZo sityvebi: frazeologiuri erTeuli, frazeose­

mantikuri veli, koncepti, informaciis

struqturireba.

Sesavalikognitiuri lingvistikis warmomad­

genelTa TvalsazrisiT yoveli ena

ekvivalenturia konceptTa gansazRvru­

li sistemisa, romlis saSualebiTac mo­

cemuli enis matareblebi garemomcveli

samyarosagan miRebul informaciaTa na­

kads aRiqvamen, awarmoeben mis struq­

turalizacias, klasifikaciasa da inter­

pretirebas. Kkoncepti aris is termini,

romelic emsaxureba Cveni cnobierebisa

da im informaciuli struqturis men­

taluri an fsiqikuri resursebis axs­

nas, romelic asaxavs adamianis codnasa

da gamocdilebas; igi aris mexsierebis,

mentaluri leqsikonis, konceptualuri

sistemisa da azrovnebis enis, adamianis

fsiqikaSi asaxuli samyaros mTeli su­

raTis Sinaarsobrivi erTeuli.

ZiriTadi nawilikonceptualuri raobani – “siyvaruli”

da “siZulvili” – universalurni arian,

radgan isini warmoadgenen yvela indi­

vidis maxasiaTeblebs, ganurCevlad maTi

nacionalur­kulturuli kuTvnilebisa,

magram aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi verbal­

izacia sxvadasxvagvarad xorcieldeba

11

gansazRvrul kulturul­enobriv soci­

umebSi.

“siyvaruli” da “siZulvili”, tradici­

ulad, polarulad dapirispirebul kon­

ceptTa korelacias warmoadgens. maTi

saerTo maxasiaTebelia mimarTuleba

obieqtisadmi, arsebiTi gansxvaveba ki

isaa, rom isini gamsWvalulia urTierT­

sawinaaRmdego azrebiTa da sxvadasxva

miznebiT; siZulvilisas aRsaniSnavia

obieqtisadmi swrafva – borotebiT, si­

yvarulisas ki – sikeTiT.

“siyvarulisa” da “siZulvilis” ambi­

valenturi urTierToba eqspliciturad

aisaxeba enaSi. radgan adamianis Semec­

nebiTi moRvaweobis Sedegebi, pirvel

rigSi, leqsikonSia asaxuli, amitom

saanalizo konceptebis kognitiuri se­

mantikis gamosavlenad ganmartebiTi le­

qsikoni gamoviyeneT; mxedvelobaSi mi­

viReT ra leqsemaTa ­ amour «disposition à vouloir du bien» (siyvaruli “sikeTis sur­

vilis mdgomareoba”) da haine «sentiment violent qui pousse à vouloir du mal» (siZulvili

“borotebis survilis Zlieri grZnoba”)

– mniSvnelobis aspeqtTa Tavisebureba­

ni, maTi siRrme da droSi xangrZlioba,

SevecadeT gamogvevlina am konceptTa

definiciebis asaxva meoradi nominaciis,

anu frazeologiur erTeulebSi.

frangul enaSi, konceptebi “siyvar­

uli” da “siZulvili” warmodgenilia

farTo frazeosemantikuri velebiT. am

frazeologiur erTeulebs, romlebic

antonomiurni arian TavianTi arsiT,

aqvT msgavsi semantikuri niSnebi; eno­

briv erTeulTa amgvari gamovlena aix­

sneba konceptualur planSi maTi Tana­

fardobiT. Ffrazeosemantikur velTa

struqturirebisa da maTi semantikis

Seswavlisas, gamovlinda frazeologi­

uri erTeulebi, romlebic erTdrou­

lad moicaven orive polarul mniSvn­

elobas – “siyvarulsac” da “siZulvil­

sac”. amgvarad, daSvebulia opoziciur

konceptTa “Tanaarseboba” erTi enobri­

vi erTeulis farglebSi: faire loucher qn (sasaub.) – ‘vinmes moswonde’, ‘gaanawyeno,

gaaRiziano vinme’; avoir une histoire avec qn ‘vinmesTan waCxubeba (sasaub.)’, ‘xanmokle

sasiyvarulo kavSiri vinmesTan (sasaub.)’;

soigner qn aux petits oignons ‘nazad mzrunv­

eloba vinmeze’, ‘abuCad agdeba, uxeSi mo­

qceva vinmes mimarT (iron.)’.

“siyvarulisa” da “siZulvilis” Sem­

cveli frazeologiuri erTeulebis

analizma gamoavlina maTi saerTo gad­

amkveTi sferoebis konceptualuri niS­

nebi: 1. xangrZlivobis niSani, 2. Ffazo­

briobis niSani, 3. Ppasiurobis niSani, 4.

intensiurobis niSani.

xangrZlivoba, anu urTierTobaTa

droSi ganfeniloba aisaxeba meoradi

nominaciis erTeulebSic; mag., porter qn dans son coeur ‘sakuTari guliT tareba,

nazi grZnobebis qona vinmes mimarT’ –

zmna porter-s wyalobiT, romelic xels

uwyobs am frazeologizmis mniSvnelo­

bis droiT lokalizebas, frazeologi­

uri erTeuli Seicavs semas “am mdgo­

mareobaSi yofna garkveuli drois gan­

mavlobaSi”.

siyvarulisa da siZulvilis grZno­

bebi SeiZleba gadavides erTi stadi­

idan meoreSi, anu isini xasiaTdebian

fazobriobis niSniT: amoureux comme un moineau ‘meryevi, beRurasaviT Tavqariani’

– Seicavs “meryeobis, aramudmivobis, qa­

rafSutobis” semas; es niSani miuTiTebs,

rom siyvarulis grZnobis gamovle­

na erTjeradi ki ar aris, aramed mra­

valjeradia, drois gansazRvrul mon­

akveTebSi, mraval fazaSi.

pasiurobis niSani, romelic niSan­

doblivia mdgomareobis kategoriebisaT­

vis, gamoixateba imiT, rom siyvarulisa

12

da siZulvilis mdgomareobis an urTi­

erTobis subieqti, moqmedebis subieqti­

sagan gansxvavebiT, pasiuria: avoir un faible pour qn ‘sisustis gancda, ltolva vinme­

sadmi, mowyale TvaliT yureba, vinmesad­

mi upiratesobis miniWeba’ – siyvarulis

es urTierToba warmodgenilia rogorc

TavisTavad arsebuli da subieqtisagan

arafris momTxovni; Ees urTierToba pa­

siuria da arakontrolirebadi.

siyvaruli da siZulvili, romelsac

ganicdis subieqti obeqtis mimarT, xas­

iaTdeba Zlieri emociuri daZabulobiT.

Ees urTierToba warmodgenilia niS­

niT – intensivoba, romelic axasiaTebs

enobriv erTeulebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom

siyvarulisa da siZulvilis gamomsa­

xvel frazeologiur erTeulebs, aqvT

sema­intensifikatorebi, romlebic, Tavis

mxriv, xels uwyoben am urTierTobaTa

xarisxis gamovlenas. intensifikato­

ri asrulebs gansakuTrebul funqcias

– miuTiTebs grZnobis gamovlenis si­

Zlieres; SevadaroT korelaciebi: avoir la haine — avoir qn dans le blair (sasaub.) ‘vinmes mimarT siZulvilis qona’ – ‘vinmes ver

atana’; être en amour — аimer comme un fou ‘vinmes Seyvareba’ – ‘sigiJemde Seyvareba’; am wyvilad frazeologizmTa marjve­

na wevrebi markirebulni arian niSniT

«grZnobis gamovlenis maRali xarisxi».

SevadaroT frazeologiuri erTeulebi:

vouloir du mal à qn ‘boroti survili vinmes

mimarT’, ‘vinmeze gabrazeba’ da vouloir mal de mort à qn ‘sikvdiliviT SeZuleba vinme­

si’; es frazeologizmebi warmoadgenen

sino nimebs, aqvT ra saerTo arqisema ­

«urTi erToba» da integralur sema –

“siZulvi li”, magram frazeologiuri

erTeuli vouloir mal de mort à qn (‘sikvdili­

viT SeZuleba vinmesi’) warmogvidgens

siZulvilis Zalian maRal xarisxs,

sema­intensifikatoris (komponenti mort

“sikvdili”) saSualebiT. siyvaruli­

sa da siZulvilis grZnobebi xasiaT­

deba Zlieri emociuri daZabulobiT.

Ffrazeologiur erTeulSi ­ cracher son venin (cracher [an jeter] (tout) son venin) ‘boRmis nTxeva’ - iseT komponentTa arsebobiT,

rogoricaa cracher ‘nTxeva’, venin ‘Sxami, brazi, boRma’, tout ‘mTeli’, aqtualiz­

debian sema­intensifikatorebi, romle­

bic xels uwyoben siZulvilis intensi­

urobis xarisxis gamoxatvas, romelsac

Tan axlavs miukerZoebeli gamonaTqvami

arakeTilganwyobis obieqtis mimarT.

intensiurobis gamoxatvis saSualebas

warmoadgens tavtologiac; Sdr. aimer ‘siyvaruli’ da aimer d’amour ‘gatacebiT

siyvaruli’ (frazeologiur erTeulSi

aqcentia grZnobis xasiaTsa da intensi­

urobaze).

“siyvarulisa” da “siZulvilis” Sem­

cveli frazeologiuri erTeulebis

modelTa struqturul­semantikurma

analizma gviCvena, rom miuxedavad maTi

polarulobisa, es urTierTobebi flo­

ben interpretaciis erTsa da imave sa­

Sualebebs. Gganxilul frazeologiur

erTeulTa umetesoba (82%) obieqturi

frazeologiuri erTeulia (anu gamo­

xatavs subieqtis qmedebas, mimarTuls

obieqtisaken). siyvarulisa da siZul­

vilis grZnobaTa reprezentaciisaTvis,

franguli frazeologia iyenebs struq­

turul­semantikur modelebs “subieqtis

gadasvla erTi mdgomareobidan meore­

Si” (mag., tomber amoureux ‘Seyvareba’; pren-dre en haine ‘SeZuleba’) da “subieqti zemo­

qmedebs obieqtze” (mag., donner le mal de mer à qn ‘SeZuleba, Tavis mobezreba’; tourner la tête à qn ‘vinmes moxibvla, Tavis Seyva­

reba’).

masalis semantikuri analizis Sede­

gad gamovlinda, rom “siyvarulisa” da

“siZulvilis” urTierTobebis Semcveli

13

frazeologizmebi formirdebian meta­

foruli gadaazrebis an metonimuri

gadatanis gziT; ufro metad produq­

tiulia metaforuli modelebi. Mmeta­

foruli gadaazreba dakavSirebulia

msgavsebis mixedviT mniSvnelobis ga­

datanasTan: 1. mdgomareobis: être bique (sa­saub.) ‘gaRizianeba, nervebze moqmedeba’,

amoureux comme un moineau ‘meryevi, beRu­

rasaviT Tavqariani’; 2. Qqcevis: s’accorder comme chien et chat ‘kata da ZaRliviT cxo­

vreba’, recevoir qn comme un chien dans un jeu de quilles (sasaub.) ‘vinmes cudad miReba,

mtrulad daxvedra’.

masalis analizma aCvena, rom “siyvar­

ulisa” da “siZulvilis” opoziciur

urTierTobaTa gamosaxatavad gamoiyene­

ba erTi da igive xatovaneba. mag., cecx­

lis xati arsebobs siyvarulisa da si­

Zulvilis gamomxatvel frazeologiur

erTeulebSi: chaud comme braise (sasaub.) ‘mgznebared Seyvarebuli’; recevoir un coup de soleil (sasaub.) ‘Seyvareba’; tout feu tout flamme ‘vnebis cecxli, siyvarulis ali’;

avouer (déclarer) sa flamme ‘siyvarulis axs­

na’; être en feu ‘siyvarulis cecxliT aRg­

znebuli’; avoir le feu dans la peau ‘siyvaru­lis cecxliT iwvis’; descendre en flammes (sasaub.) ‘samagieros mizRva, angariSis

gasworeba’; se faire la guerre à feu et à sang (sasaub.) ‘sisxlismRvreli omis gamocxa�‘sisxlismRvreli omis gamocxa�sisxlismRvreli omis gamocxa­ omis gamocxa­omis gamocxa­ gamocxa­gamocxa­

deba’.

frazeologiur erTeulebSi, avad­

myofobis, cudi fizikuri an fsiqikuri

mdgomareobis xatovan safuZvelzea war­

modgenili siyvarulisa da siZulvilis

urTierTobaTa sfero: avoir en grippe ‘aT­

valwuneba’; faire une grippe ‘vinmeze gaja­

vreba, javri sWirs vinmesi’; faire mal au ventre à qn ‘zizRis grZnoba’; répandre du ven-in contre qn ‘vinmeze augis Tqma, lanZRva’;

ficher des varices à qn (sasaub.) ‘vinmesaTvis

Tavis mobezreba’; donner [filer] de l’eczéma à

qn (sasaub.) ‘zizRis gamowveva’; donner la colique à qn ‘SiSis gamowveva, Tavzaris da­

cema vinmesaTvis’; avoir les foies chauds pour qn (sasaub.) ‘Zlierad Seyvareba vinmesi’;

prendre en affection ‘vinmes Seyvareba’; donner le tournis à qn (sasaub.) ‘vinmesTvis Tavbrus

daxveva, gabrueba’; aimer jusqu’à la fièvre cé-rébrale ‘gagiJebiT Seyvareba’; avoir un faible pour ‘mowyale TvaliT yureba, upirateso­

bis miniWeba’; être la coqueluche de qn (sasaub.) ‘gamorCeulad yofna’; avoir une toquade pour qn (sasaub.) ‘sisuste vinmes mimarT, Sey­

vareba’.

daskvnafrazeologiur erTeulTa koncep­

tualuri struqturebis korelaciebi,

romlebic warmoadgenen '`siyvarulisa~

da `siZulvilis~ konceptebs, mJRavnde­

bian Semdegi parametrebiT: konceptua­

lur niSanTa igiveobiT, struqturul­

semantikuri da metaforuli modelebis

erTianobiT, rac mowmobs maTi velebis

gadakveTas; es konceptebi (`siyvaruli~

da `siZulvili~) ambivalenturni arian,

aqvT msgavsi enobrivi realizaciebi da

amJRavneben TavianT funqcionalur sfe­

roTa urTierTkveTas, aseve erTi seman­

tikuri blokisadmi kuTvnilebas, ro­

melsac ewodeba «grZnobebi».

literatura

1. Cherbonneau J. A. (2005): Éléments de la phraséologie française. Paris

2. Le Petit Robert (2009): Dictionnaire alphabé-tique et analogique de la langue française. Paris

3. Rey Isabel Gonzalez (2002): La phraséologie du français. Paris.

14

The Correlation of the Conceptual Structures of French Phraseological

Units

Tsiuri AkhvledianiTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.:599 508 607E-mail: tsiuriakhvlediani@yahoo.com

Kétévan GabuniaTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia Tel.: 599 201 099 E-mail: keti_gabunia@yahoo.com

AbstractStructuring the conceptual information by the

help of the concepts of the same culture is the most efficient means for the manifestation of significant cultural information, which is connected to the con-con-sciousness of the native speakers by this or that con- of the native speakers by this or that con-native speakers by this or that con-cept. In order to illustrate this theoretical tenet we discuss the concepts “Love” and “Hatred”, which are binary oppositions, significant for the represen-tatives of different linguistic cultures. The correla-tions of the conceptual structures of phraseological units, representing the concepts of “Love” and “Ha-tred”, are manifested by the following parameters: the sameness of conceptual signs and the unity of structural-semantic and metaphoric models, serving as a proof of the intersection of their fields.

Keywords: phraseological unit, phraseo-semantic field, con-

cept, structuring the information.

Корреляция концептуальных структур французских

фразеологизмов

Ахвледиани Циури АлександровнаТбилисский государственный университетФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 599 508 607E-mail: tsiuriakhvlediani@yahoo.com

Габуния Кетеван УчаевнаТбилисский Государственный Университет Факулътет гуманитарных наукПр.Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, Грузия Tel.: 599 201 099E-mail: keti_gabunia@yahoo.com

РезюмеСтруктурирование концептуальной инфор-

мации путем сопоставления концептов той же культуры представляет собой наиболее эффек-тивный способ выявления культурно-значимой информации, сопряженной с тем или иным кон-цептом в сознании носителей языка. Для иллю-страции этого теоретического положения рас-смотрим концепты «Любовь» и «Ненависть», представляющие собой бинарную оппозицию и являющиеся культурно-значимыми для предста-вителей различных лингвокультур. Корреляции концептуальных структур фразеологических единиц, репрезентирующих концепты «Любовь» и «Ненависть» выявляются по следующим пара-метрам: тождественность концептуальных при-знаков, общность структурно-семантических и метафорических моделей, что свидетельствует о пересечении данных полей.

Ключевые слова: фразеологическая единица, фразеосемантиче-

ское поле, концепт, cтруктурирование информа-ции.

15

gastronomiuli komponentebis Semcvel frazeologiur erTeulTa lingvisturi analizi

(franguli, espanuri da italiuri enebis masalaze)

ciuri axvlediani

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

WavWavaZis gamz. #36, 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel. 599 508 607

E-mail: tsiuriakhvlediani@yahoo.com

lolita TabuaSvili

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti WavWavaZis gamz. #36, 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 599 468 184E-mail: ltabiashvili@yahoo.com

reziume«gastronomiuli komponentis» Sem­

cvel frazeologizmebSi, yvelaze me­

tad aqtiuria kvebis im produqtTa da

kerZTa saxelwodebebi, romlebic mudam

warmoadgendnen da amJamadac warmoadge­

nen mocemuli naciis kvebis safuZvels.

Aanalizma gviCvena, rom dasavleTro­

manuli sami enis (franguli, espanuri,

italiuri) Cven mier Seswavlil frazeo­

logiur erTeulebSi, aseT produqtebs

warmoadgenen puri, yveli da Rvino.

sakvanZo sityvebi: frazeologiuri erTeuli, gastrono­

miuli komponenti, metaforuli modele­

bi, enobrivi suraTis xedva­aRqma.

Sesavalifrazeologiur erTeulTa da maT

calkeul komponentTa mniSvnelobebis

Sepirispirebis safuZvelze mJRavndeba

frazeologiuri xatovanebis formire­

bis ZiriTadi metaforuli modelebi,

rac mianiSnebs sxvadasxva erovnebis

xalxTa msgavs da gansxvavebul xedvas

gare samyaros realobis mimarT. bune­

brivia, rom nebismieri eris cxovrebis

yaida aisaxeba mis samzareulozec; Ti­

Toeuli naciis cxovrebis bunebrivi, so­

cialuri da ekonomikuri pirobebi aseve

moqmedebs imaze, Tu riT ikvebebian ada­

mianebi.

frazeologiur velSi «sakvebi» ga­

moiyofa ori qvejgufi:

1. frazeologizmebi, romelTa Se­

madgenlobaSi Sedis kvebis raime pro­

duqtis saxelwodeba da aRniSnavs sakve­

bis raRac Tvisebriobas;

2. frazeologizmebi, romlebic

aseve Seicaven raime sakvebi produqtis

saxelwodebas, magram ar gamoxataven

gastronomiasTan da kvebasTan dakav­

Sirebul araviTar cnebas; amgvari fra­

zeologizmebis mniSvneloba eyrdnoba

im cnebebs, romlebic asaxaven produq­

tis ama Tu im Tvisebas da gamoiyene­

bian metaforulad, xSirad aRniSnaven

ra iseT rames, rac dakavSirebulia ada­

mianTan. Uumetes SemTxvevaSi, aseTi fra­

zeologiuri erTeulebi iqmnebian meta­

forizaciis Sedegad, anu erTi sagnis an

movlenis dasaxelebis gadataniT sxvaze,

maTi msgavsebis safuZvelze.

ZiriTadi nawilinacionaluri samzareulo da gastro­

nomia gamudmebiT ganicdis evolucias

16

soflis meurneobisa da bazris ganvi­

Tarebis Sesabamisad, rac Tavis asaxvas

hpovebs enis leqsikasa da frazeolo­

giaSi, Tavis mxriv, asaxavs nacionaluri

mentalitetis Taviseburebebs da maTSi

momxdar cvlilebebs. koleqtiuri mex­

siereba da nacionaluri frazeologia

iTvisebs da inarCunebs sociokultu­

rul cnebebsa da asociaciebs, dakav­

Sirebuls nacionaluri samzareulos im

kerZebisa da produqtebis saxelwodebe­

bTan, romlebic formirebulia sauku­

neebis manZilze.

«gastronomiuli komponentis» Se­

mcvel frazeologizmebSi yvelaze me­

tad aqtiuria Cven mier Seswavlili

frazeologiuri erTeulebi, romelTa

SemadgenlobaSi Sedian puri, yveli da

Rvino.

espanur enaSi uxvadaa andazebi da

frazeologiuri erTeulebi, romlebSic

erTdroulad gvxvdeba puri, Rvino da

yveli, rac aSkarad adasturebs, rom

marTlac es sami produqti warmoadgens

am kulturis matarebeli erisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli kvebis ZiriTad, bazi­

sur produqtebs: El pan con ojos, el queso sin ojos, y el vino que salte a los ojos (sityvasity­viT: «puri TvalebiT, yveli uTvalebod,

Rvino ki, romelic urtyams TvalebSi»); Con queso, pan y vino, se anda mejor el camino (sityvasityviT: «yveliT, puriT da Rvi­

noTi ukeT ganvli gzas»).

Cven mier Seswavlili 324 frazeolo­

giuri erTeulidan, komponentis «puri»

Semcvelia: espanurSi – 90 frazeolo­

giuri erTeuli, frangulSi – 86 erTeu­

li da italiurSi – 148 erTeuli.

komponentis «puri» Semcveli yvela­

ze meti frazeologizmi italiur ena­

Sia, rac miuTiTebs, rom italiaSi

puri ufro metad uyvarT, vidre da­

narCen or qveyanaSi (safrangeTsa da

espaneTSi): Amare piú del pane (sityvasity­viT: «giyvardes purze metad») – ‘qvey­

nad yvelaze metad giyvardes’; Essere me-glio che il (an del) pane (sityvasityviT: «iyo

purze ukeTesi») – ‘iyo ukeTilesi sulis

adamiani’; La buona compagnia è mezzo pane (sityvasityviT: «kargi kampania TiTqmis

puria») – ‘karg kampaniaSi puric ki aRar

ginda’; ital. Buono come il pane – frang. Bon comme le (bon) pain (sityvasityviT:

«gemrieli/kargi rogorc puri») – ‘uke­

Tilesi adamiani’. cxadia, rom am fra­

zeologizmTa komponentebi (amare, bueno da sxv.) «puris» rogorc sikeTis simbo-

los aqtualizebas axdenen.

espanuri frazeologizmi Tan buen pan hacen aquí como en Francia (sityvasity­viT: «aq acxoben iseTive gemriel purs

rogorc safrangeTSi») – ‘Cven sxvebze

naklebi ara varT’, ‘Cvenc cota ram ga­

gvegeba’, ‘sxvas ar CamouvardebiT’; es

frazeologizmi Seicavs informacias

imis Sesaxeb, rom espaneTSi cnobilia

safrangeTSi ra gemriel purs acxoben,

imdenad gemriels, rom espanelebi cdi­

loben Seedaron maT; anu es frazeolo­

giuri erTeuli asaxavs realobis aRqmas

espanur enobriv samyaroSi.

frazeologiur erTeulebSi kompo­

nentiT «puri» aqtualizdeba sxvadasxva

semebi: frang. mettre qn au pain et à l’eau (sityvasityviT: «vinmes dasma pursa da

wyalze») – ‘aSimSilo vinme’ (aq «puri»

da «wyali» siRaribis, kvebis simwiris

simboloa); espanurSi igive mniSvnelo­

bis frazeologiuri erTeuli kvebis

sxva produqtis saxelwodebas Seicavs:

a pan y cebolla  (sityvasityviT: «pursa da

xaxvze») – ‘siRaribeSi yofna’.

es frazeologiuri erTeulebi im pe­

riods asaxaven, rodesac “puri” (“wya­

17

li” an “xaxvi”) gamoiyeneba dasasjelad,

an gamoiyeneba religiuri tradiciebis

TvalsazrisiT im SemTxvevaSi, rode­

sac saWiroa adamianma moaklos sakuTar

Tavs siamovnebani sulis gansawmendad.

komponenti «puri» aqtualizir­

deba sxva mniSvnelobebiTac: esp. ven-der una cosa como pan caliente (sityvasityviT:

«gayido raime rogorc cxeli puri»)

– ‘swrafad, jafis gareSe gaasaRo (sa­

qoneli), ormagad gasaReba’; am frazeo­

logizmis safuZvelia «cxeli puri»,

romelic praqtikulad yvelas mowons

surnelisa da gemos gamo da logiku­

ria, rom aseTi puri SeiZleba swrafad

gaiyidos, radgan igi gemrielia. Eesp.

Coger pan grande (sityvasityviT: «didi

puris aReba») – ‘msuye lukmis wagleja’;

aq “puri” mopovebis maCvenebelia. Eesp.

сomer el negro pan de la emigración (sityvasi­tyviT: «Savi puris Wama emigraciaSi») –

‘ucxo mxareSi (ucxo qveyanaSi) cxovre­

ba’; es frazeologizmi, cxadia, gaCnda

qveynis politikur an ekonomikur mdgo­

mareobasTan dakavSirebiT; aq pan (puri) siRaribis simboloa, romelic Zlierde­

ba epiTetiT negro (Savi). esp. frazeo­

logizmi A pan y cuchillo; a pan y manteles (sityvasityviT: “pursa da danaze; pursa

da sufraze”) – ‘kmayofaze yofna’, aseve

franguli Avoir le pain et le couteau (sityva­sityviT: «purisa da danis qona») – ‘yove­

live aucileblis floba’, gviCvenebs,

rom “puri” mopovebis simbolocaa.

zogierTi frazeologiuri erTeu­

li komponentiT “puri”, religiuri

aso ciaciebiT, sruliad emTxveva Cvens

sakvlev masalas samive enaSi da aseve

qristian xalxTa sxva enebSic: frang.

le pain quotidien, esp. el pan de cada día, ital.  pane quotidiano, qarT. puri arsobi­

sa; frang. gagner son pain, esp. Ganarse el pan,

ital. Guadagnarsi il pane, qarT. saarsebo

puris mopoveba.  Cven mier Seswavlili 129 frazeolo­

giuri erTeulidan, komponentiT «Rvino»,

frangulSi gvxvdeba 39 frazeologizmi,

espanurSi _ 23 frazeologizmi da ita­

liurSi – 67 frazeologizmi.

rogorc puris SemTxvevaSi aRiniS­

na, aseve Rvinis Semcvel frazeolo­

giur erTeulTa yvelaze meti raode­

noba italiur enaSi gvxvdeba. Rvino

(frang. vin, esp. vino, ital. vino) – fran­guli, espanuri da italiuri kulina­

riuli receptebis aucilebeli elemen­

tia. Rvinis gamoyenebis tradicia dae­

do safuZvlad mraval frazeologiur

erTeuls, romlebSic komponenti Rvino

sxvadasxvagvarad aqtualizirdeba. zo­

gierTi maTgani exeba Rvinis siyvaruls:

frang. Etre sur le vin  («Rvinoze damokide­buleba, yofna»), esp. Darse al vino («Rvi­nis Zlier Seyvareba, smis siyvaruli»),

ital. Essere molle di vino («sisuste Rvinis smis mimarT») – ‘Seqeifianeba, zarxoSad

yofna’.

Rvinoze wylis damatebiT Rvinis xa­

risxis gafuWebas exeba frazeologiuri

erTeulebi: frang. Mettre de l’eau dans son vin (“RvinoSi wylis Camateba”), esp.

aguar uno el vino («wyliT Rvinis gazaveba»),

esp. Pregonar vino y vender vinagre (“aqo Rvino da gayido Zmari”) – ‘tkbili sityviT mo­

tyueba’; esp. Bautizar el vino (“Rvinis mona­Tvla”), ital. Allungare (an battezzare) il vino  («Rvinis gazaveba (monaTvla)»). bolo

ori frazeologizmi ukavSirdeba reli­

giur tradicias – wyliT gazavebuli

Rvinis gamoyenebas monaTvlisas.

ital. Mettere dell’acqua nel proprio  (an nel suo) vino («wylis Camateba RvinoSi») –

‘zomieri gaxado sakuTari moTxovnebi’;

esp. Echar uno agua en el vino («wylis Camateba

18

RvinoSi») – ‘qcevis Serbileba,zomiereba’.

rogorc analizma aCvena, koncepti

Rvino samive enis frazeologizmebSi

aisaxeba sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobi­

Tac (roca saqme exeba Rvinis moxmarebis

Sedegebs) da metaforuladac.

rogorc puri, aseve yvelic kvebis

erT­erTi ZiriTadi produqtia Cven mier

motanili enebis qveynebSi. cnobilia,

rom msoflioSi yvelaze meti saxeobis

yveli iwarmoeba safrangeTsa da ita­

liaSi, daaxloebiT 400­mde saxeoba Ti­

Toeul qveyanaSi. franguli andaza autant de fromages que de jours de l’année («yvelis im­

deni saxeobaa, ramdeni dRecaa weliwad­

Si») amis dasturia. bunebrivia, rom am

produqtis saxelwodebiT mravali fra­

zeologiuri erTeulia Seqmnili.

Cven mier Seswavlili konceptis yve-

li Semcveli 55 frazeologizmidan yve­

laze didi raodenoba espanur enaSi aR­

moCnda: frangulSi – 6, espanurSi – 26

da italiurSi – 23.

zogierTi frazeologiuri erTeuli

SeuRlebulad warmogvidgens pursa da

yvels. Mmag. ital. Essere (come) pane e ca-cio con qd  (“iyo vinmesTan rogorc puri

da yveli”) – ‘Sexmatkbilebulad cxo­

vreba vinmesTan erTad’. Yyveli, rogorc

ingredienti, gansakuTrebiT farTod

gamoiyeneba italiur samzareuloSi. igi

erT­erTi ZiriTadi ingredientia picis,

lazaniasi da xSirad axlavs makaronis

kerZebs an sakazmis saxiT, an sousebis

ingredientis saxiT. am kerZebTan yvelis

kargad Sexameba asaxulia frazeolo­

giur erTeulebSi: ital. Come il formag-gio sui maccheroni (an sulla minestra) (“rogorc yveli makaronSi (an wvnianSi)») – ‘ise

kargad, meti rom aRar SeiZleba’; Altro cacio bisogna a tal lasagna («aseT lazanias

sxva yveli sWirdeba») – ‘udroo dros

mosuli adamiani’ . komponentis yveli Semcvel frazeo­

logiur erTeulTa frazeologiuri

mniSvneloba asaxavs am gastronomiuli

komponentis sxvadasxva Tvisebas: a). yve-

lis surnels: esp. Oler uno el queso  («yve­lis daynosva») – ‘satyuaras daynosva

(alRos arTmeva)’; SesamCnevia, rom es

frazeologiuri erTeuli negatiuri

konotaciiTaa, rac logikuria, radgan

yvelis suni SeiZleba arasasiamovnoc

iyos. b). Yyvelis gemos: esp. Uvas con que-so saben a beso (“yurZens, yvelTan erTad,

kocnis gemo aqvs”), aq saubaria kerZze

uvas con queso (yurZeni yveliT), romelic

Zalian moswonT adamianebs; safuZvelia

­ yvelis sasiamovno gemo. Ffrangul ena­

Sic arsebobs frazeologiuri erTeuli,

romlis safuZvelsac warmoadgens yve-

lis gemo, magram uaryofiTi konotaci­

iT: Manger du fromage (“yvelis Wama”) – ‘uk­

mayofilod yofna’. Aaseve italiurSic

aris frazeologiuri erTeuli Mangi-are cacio (“yvelis Wama”) – ‘motyueba’.

yveli (queso, fromage, cacio/formaggio) mniSvnelovani da Zvirfasi produqtia,

radgan mosaxerxebelia misi gadatanac

da xangrZlivad Senaxvac, aseve sasarge­

blocaa – igi Seicavs cximebs, cilebs,

kalciumsa da fosfors.

frang. Faire de qch un fromage («raimesa­gan yvelis gakeTeba») – ‘didi mniSvnelo­

bis miniWeba’.

sayovelTaod cnobili informa­

cia, rom yveli moswonT Tagvebs da

igi maTTvis satyuaraa, aseve poulobs

asaxvas Cveni Sesaswavli enebis fra­

zeologiur fondSi: frang. Mettre du fro-mage dans la piège (“xafangSi yvelis mo­

Tavseba”) – ‘xafangis dageba, satyuaraTi

19

daWera’, esp. Gustar como el queso a los ra-tones (“ise moswons, rogorc Tagvebs yve­

li”) – “Zalian mowoneba, siamtkbiloba’,

ital. Stare (an vivere) come un topo in una forma di cacio (an formaggio) (“yofna rogorc Tag­

vi yvelis formaSi”) – ‘’Tavi igrZno ro­

gorc Tevzma wyalSi, isrialo rogorc

yvelma karaqSi’.

arsebobs frazeologiuri eTeule­

bi, mniSvnelobiT “motyueba”. warsulSi

gamoiyeneboda espanuri frazeologizmi

Armarla con queso (“yveliT momarageba”) –

‘vinmes motyueba, gabriyveba, gapapampu­

laveba’. am frazeologizmis gviani vari­

antia Dársela con queso (“vinmesTvis raimes

micema yvelTan erTad”) – ‘vinmes motyue­

ba sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad’. Aam

frazeologizmis axsnis meore versiiT,

Rvinis gamyidvelebi Rvinis inspeqtorebs,

mudmiv klientebsa da sxva regionebidan

mosul myidvelebs umaspinZldebodnen

Zalian cxare yveliT, romelsac inax­

avdnen zeiTunis zeTSi. Yyvelis mZime

aromati ar aZlevda saSualebas adami­

anebs, rom SeefasebinaT mepatronis mier

SeTavazebuli Rvino, amitomac ver xvde­

bodnen Rvinis avkargianobas da amgvarad

rCebodnen motyuebulni. Aase warmoiSva

italiuri frazeologizmi Mangiare cacio (“yvelis Wama”) – ‘motyueba’.

komponentis yveli Semcvel frazeo­

logizmTa safuZvlad aqtualizdeba

yvelis garegani saxe: esp. queso helado – ‘nayinis briketi’. Aam tkbileulSi yveli

ar aris, mis SemadgenlobaSia rZe, Saqa­

ri da vanili, mas mxolod forma aqvs

yvelisa, rac daedo safuZvlad frazeo­

logiur mniSvnelobas. esp. Como un queso de bola (“rogorc holandiuri yveli”) –

‘motitvlebuli rogorc muxli’, radgan

holandiuri yveli gluvi da mrgvalia.

Ffrang. Faire des fromages (“yvelis gakeTe­

ba”) – ‘“zarebis” keTeba’ (qvedataniT –

brunvisas da buqnisas) – yvelis formis

msgavsad.

Semdegi frazeologiuri erTeu­

lebis safuZvelia yvelis ara si­

gluve an simrgvale, aramed simaRle,

anu is, rom yveli ar aris maRa-

li: frang. Haut comme deux sous de fro-mage mou (aseve Haut comme trois pommes) («maRali rogorc rbili yvelis 2 su»),

ital. Alto quanto (an come) un soldo di cacao (“maRali rogorc yvelis soldo (wvri­

li fuli)”) – ‘erTi goja, Zalian daba­

li’.

daskvnaamgvarad, gastronomiuli komponen­

tebis – universaluri produqtebis

(«puri», «Rvino», «yveli») Semcveli fra­

zeologiuri erTeulebis Seswavlam, sis­

tematizaciam da SedarebiTma analizma

gamoavlina samive enis (franguli, es­

panuri, italiuri) msgavseba msoflios

enobrivi suraTis xedva­aRqmaSi, rac

gamoixateba sxvadasxva enis frazeolo­

giur erTeulTa komponenturi Semadgen­

lobis msgavsebiTac da, xSir SemTxve­

vaSi, maTi frazeologiuri mniSvnelobe­

bis damTxveviTac.

literatura

1. Ballesio G. B. (2012): Fraseologia Italiana. Roma

2. Pellen René (2001): Phraséologie et phraséo-graphie en espagnol. Paris

3. Rey Isabel Gonzalez (2002): La phraséologie

du français. Paris

20

The Linguistic Analysis of the Phraseological Units Containing

Gastronomical Components(on the material of French, Spanish

and Italian Languages)

Tsiuri AkhvledianiTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.:599 508 607E-mail: tsiuriakhvlediani@yahoo.com

Lolita TabuashviliTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 599 468 184E-mail: ltabiashvili@yahoo.com

AbstractThe names of the products and dishes represen-

ting the nutrition basis of a certain nation are most active in the phraseological units containing gastro-nomical components. The analysis showed that in the phraseological units of three West-Romanic lan-guages (French, Spanish, Italian), such products are bread, cheese and wine.

The study, systematization and comparative ana-lysis of the phraseological units containing gastrono-mical components - universal products (bread, wine, cheese) showed the similarity of three languages (French, Spanish, Italian) in the perception of the world language picture, which is also expressed by the similarity of the composition of phraseological units of different languages and frequently by the coincidence of their phraseological meanings.

Keywords: phraseological unit, gastronomical component,

metaphoric models, perception of the language pic-ture.

Лингвистический анализ фразеологических единиц с

гастрономическими компонентами(французский, испанский,

итальянский языки)

Ахвледиани Циури АлександровнаТбилисский государственный университетФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 599 508 607E-mail: tsiuriakhvlediani@yahoo.com

Табуашвили ЛолитаТбилисский государственный университетФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 599 468 184E-mail: ltabiashvili@yahoo.com

РезюмеВ фразеологических единицах с «гастроно-

мическим компонентом» более активными яв-ляются названия тех продуктов питания и блюд, которые были и остаются основой питания для данной нации. Aнализ показал, что такими про-дуктами в изученных нами фразеологических единиц в трех западно-романских языков (фран-цузский, испанский, итальянский) являются хлеб, сыр и вино.

Изучение, систематизация и сравнительный анализ фразеологических единиц с гастрономи-ческими компонентами хлеб, вино, сыр, кото-рые являются универсальными продуктами и во многом показывают сходства в языковой картине мира во всех трех языках.

Ключевые слова: фразеологическая единица, гастрономиче-

ский компонент, метафорические моделы, язы-ковая картина мира.

21

evfemizmebis roli presis diskursSi da maTi klasifikacia

maka balaZe

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis

saxelmwifo universiteti evropeistikis departamenti ninoSvilis gam. №35, 6010, baTumi, saqarTvelo

tel: 571 128 383E-mail: m.baladze87@gmail.com

reziumestatiaSi ganxilulia evfe mizmebi

sagazeTo teqstSi. sxvadasxva kriteriu­mis mixedviT evfemizmebi SeiZleba dai­yos ramdenime kategoriad. am dayofaSi Cven SevadareT inglisuri da qarTuli evfemizmebi da vnaxeT, rom zogierT ma­Tgans aqvs zusti ekvivalenti orive enaSi. statiis mizania vaCvenoT inglisuri da qarTuli evfemizmebis Taviseburebebi, isini gaanalizebulia lingvo­kulturu­

logiuri midgomis mixedviT da, Sesabami­sad, klasificirdeba maTi semantikuri da pragmatikuli Taviseburebebis mixedviT. am stilisturi xerxis gamoyeneba dis­

kursSi nakarnaxevia socialuri konvenci­iT, rom moiZebnos daxvewiloba miuRebel formebSi, raTa davicvaT sazogadoebaSi miRebuli moraluri da eTikuri standar­tis normebi, im mizniT, rom Tavidan avici­loT „komunikaciuri konfliqti“, da dav­faroT realobis socialurad miuRebeli fenomeni.

sakvanZo sityvebi: evfemizmebi, semantikuri maxasiaTe­

blebi, presis diskursi.

SesavaliTanamedrove mzardi komunikaciuri

kav Siris pirobebSi gansakuTrebuli yu radReba eTmoba presis diskurss da

mis mravalmxriv analizs komunikaciis warmatebulad ganxorcielebis mizniT, radgan swored masobrivi informaciis saSu alebiT xdeba qveyanaSi ganviTarebu­

li movlenebis aRqma da Semecneba. amitom Zalian didi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, Tu ra xerxs mimarTavs avtori mkiTxvelze STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad. erT-erTi ase Ti formaa evfemizmebis gamoyeneba presis diskursSi, romelic dadebiT aso­ciaciebs iwvevs mkiTxvelSi.

sagazeTo diskursis Sesaxeb msjelo­

ba Tanamedrove lingvistikis erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualuri sakiTxia. mxatvrul literaturaze metad adamianebi Jurnal-gazeTebs kiTxuloben. swored sazoga­

doebasa da politikur cxovrebaSi mediis esoden mniSvnelovani rolis gamo, is mud­mivi msjelobisa da ganxilvis sagania ro­gorc mecnierebis, aseve eqspertebisa da Tavad Jurnalistebis mxridan.

ZiriTadi nawiliesa Tu is sityva STabeWdilebas axdens

adamianze. sityvas aqvs udidesi Zala, ro­melic iwvevs sxvadasxva reaqciebs. ami­tom mosaubre cdilobs Tavi aaridos iseTi sityvebis gamoyenebas, romlebic uxeSi, arasasiamovno, uxerxuli da Za­

lian pirdapiria. evfemizmi es aris re­cipientisTvis arasasiamovno da saziano sityvis Canacvleba naklebad Seuracx­

myofeli an gamaRizianebeli gamonaTq­

vamiT. magaliTebi qarTuli presidan:„axali cxovreba misTvis mZime

gansacdeliT daiwyo: xelmokleobis gamo dReSi erTxel ikvebeboda xaxviani buter­brodiT, ris gamoc Semdeg mTeli cxovre­ba xaxvi sZulda“. (kviris palitra 2014,

№10(1022):27)

22

„palmis zeTs, romelic indoeTidan CamoaqvT, swrafi kvebis obieqtebSi mra­valjeradad iyeneben. mecnierebi amtkice­ben, rom aseTi sakvebis miRebam SesaZloa simsivnec gamoiwvios“. (kviris palitra

2014, №4(1018): 17)evfemizmebi asaxavs socialuri fsi­

qologiis sxvadasxva mdgomareobas. so­cialuri fsiqologiis bevri faqtori aris evfemizaciis safuZveli, magram tabu sityvebis Tavidan acileba, Tavazianoba da SeniRbva aris yvelaze ZiriTadi da ti­puri. maTi Tavidan acileba aris ZiriTa­

di fsiqologiuri safuZveli evfem­

izmebis Seqmnisa. bevr kulturaSi Rmer­Tebis da eSmakebis saxelebi tabuirebu­lia, amitom xalxi cdilobs Tavi aaridos maT pirdapir xsenebas. ingliseli xalxi „satanas“ iseTi evfemisturi saxelebiT ixsenebs rogoricaa: „god of this world”, “ his sable majesty”, “old gentleman in black” an “old Harry”. am TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tabu sityvebi da tabuirebuli idee­bi aris evfemizmebis Seqmnis safuZveli. (www.cscanada.org). aqve imasac davamatebT, rom evfemizmebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes sxvadasxva gziT, garda zemoT aRniSnu­lisa, isini aseve SeiZleba Camoyalibdes perifrazis an sityvaTa simravlis meSveo­biT, es ukanaskneli yvelaze gavrcelebu­

lia. fromkini da rodmeni evfemizmebs

gansazRvraven rogorc „sityva an fraza, romelic cvlis tabuirebul sityvas an emsaxureba imas, rom Tavidan aviciloT saSiSi da arasasiamovno Temebi“. (Fromkin V., Rodam R.1993: 304).

sagazeTo teqstSi zogierTi leqsikuri erTeuli rogorc evfemisturi Canacvle­

ba SeiZleba dajgufdes maTi saerTo seman­tikuri, emociuri da Semfasebluri Tvise­

bebis mixedviT. evfemisturi renominacia mniSvnelovania, raTa SevZloT zogierTi

sityvis dekodireba dadebiTi konotaci­iT da SevarbiloT yvelaze arasasiamovno asociaciebi. tipiur sagazeTo teqstSi evfemizmebi iseTi frazebia, romelebic avlenen gansakuTrebul xasiaTs.

inglisur enaSi evfemizmebi xSirad gamoiyeneba socialuri „statusis“ asa­maRleblad, magaliTad «sanitary engineer» gamoiyeneba Semdegi sityvebis nacvlad “garbage man», ” dustman”; «Senior citizen», aris Semdegi sityvebis evfemizmi «retire» da „old person“.

zogierTi evfemizmi gamoiyeneba im­

isaTvis, rom rTuli da emociuri situa­cia gavxadoT ufro misaRebi. qvemoT moce­mulia magaliTebi qarTuli presidan:

“oTxi weli sawols var mijaWvuli, Tumca vnatrob, Tu ver gavivli, sunTqva mainc SevZlo aparatis gareSe“. (kviris pa­litra 2014, №4(1018): 15)

„daTa axalaiam mis Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad maTi umowyalod cema daiwyes, mas Semdeg rac guli ijeres vamex abulaSvi­

lis cemiT da damcirebiT, axalaiam sabr­Zolo mdgomareobaSi moiyvana mis mflo­

belobaSi arsebuli cecxlsasroli iaraRi, mimarTa daCoqili abulaSvilis da misi megobris dabrundaSvilis mimar­TulebiT da daemuqra maT sicocxlis mospobiT“. (http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/law/32320)

Semdegi sityvaTa jgufebi xSirad gamoiyeneba sagazeTo statiebSi, rom­

lebic aCveneben garkveuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs. ev­

femizmebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas, raTa Tavidan aviciloT aRSfoTeba da ar SeuracxvyoT vinmes grZnobebi.

“The money will be used to provide social ser-vices for children under eight and students with dis-abilities.” (http://international.nytimes.com)

“Pensioners, who have the highest number of

23

spare rooms, are exempt, but critics say that a spare room is a necessity for many families, particularly those with ill or disabled members”. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/)

„fondi nataxtaris“ aqcia – qarTveli mxatvrebi mzrunvelobamoklebuli mo­

zardebis dasaxmareblad (kviris pali­

tra 2014, №6(1018): 13).evfemizmebi aris sityvebi, romlebic

arbileben im realobas, romelic Cvens

garSemoa. TiTqmis yvela kultura iy­

enebs evfemizmebs uxeSi sityvebis nacv­

lad. evfemizmebi xSirad gvxdeba sasau­

bro gamoTqmebSi, romlebic cnobilia

mSobliur enaze mosaubre konkretuli

kulturisTvis, magram ar aris advilad

gasagebi sxva kulturis warmomadgen­

lisaTvis, maSinac ki, Tu igi gaigebs,

rTuli iqneba misi Targmna Sesaferisi

ekvivalentiTi. aqedan gamomomdinare, ev­

femizmebi SeiZleba davyoT universalur

da erovnul evfemizmebad. universaluri

evfemizmebi damaxasiaTebelia ramdenime

kulturisTvis, xolo erovnuli evfem­

izmebi erTi konkretuli kulturisTvis.

erovnuli evfemizmis magaliTs warmoad­

gens qarTulSi „batonebi“, romelic Sem­

deg daavadebaTa Casanacvleblad gamoi­

yeneba: wiTela, Cutyvavila, yivanaxvela.

rac Seexeba universalur evfemizmebs, isini mravlad mogvepoveba. erT–erTi aseT magaliTia:

orsuli – fexmZime, momlodine, pregnant – in a family way, she is expecting

„fexmZime qalis cxedari boselSi mezo­blebma aRmoaCines“. (kviris palitra 2014, №38(998): 5)

Cven evfemizmebs viyenebT cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi, Tumca ar vakvirdeb­iT, romels da ra dros movixmarT. maTi klasifikacia advili ar aris, radgan ar arsebobs erTiani standarti. arsebobs evfemizmebis tipebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva

mosazreba, romelic gviCvenebs sxvadasx­va mklevaris damokidebulebas am feno­menisadmi. evfemizmebis klasifikacia Sei­Zleba movaxdinoT sxvadasxva kriteriu­mis, wesis da principis mixedviT. qvemoT mocemulia zogierTi SesaZlo klasifika­

cia. rousoni evfemizmebs yofs or zogad kategoriad, saxeldobr dadebiTad da uaryofiTad, romlebic gamoirCevian Sem­fasebluri elferiT (Samoskaite L., 2011: 11).

karlo jorjaneli gvaZlevs evfemiz me­bis klasifikacias enobrivi saSualebis da maTi warmoqmnis mizezebis/motivaciis mixedviT.

laura samosqaiTi evfemizmebs yofs eqvs semantikur kategoriad, romelic SeiZleba miesadagos rogorc qarTul, ise inglisur enebs. Cven gavamdidreT es day­ofa qarTuli da inglisuri magaliTebiT da davamateT kidev erTi kategoria.

1. profesiuli evfemizmebi. inglisur enaSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi profesiuli evfemizmebi: cleaning operative gamoiyeneba Semdegi sityvebis nacvlad road sweeper an dustman; sanitation engineer – garbage man, meat technologist – butcher, da hairdresser gadaiqca beautician da a.S. qarTulSi gvaqvs Semdegi evfemizmebi: damlagebeli–dasufTavebis samsaxuri; dalaqi–stilisti; biznesmeni – vaWari;

2. daavadebebis gamomxatveli evfem­

izmebi. inglisurSi, iseve rogorc qar­TulSi, gamoiyeneba Semdegi evfemizmi si­tyva „simsivnis“ Casanacvleblad - Long ill-ness; qarTlSi -„xangrZlivi da mZime avad­myofoba“ an „ukurnebeli seni“. syphilis and AIDS am sityvebis nacvlad gamoiyeneba so-cial disease; tuberkulozis nacvlad ki iye­neben lung trouble da a.S.

3. sikvdilis gamomxatveli evfemizme­bi. adamianebs sikvdilis eSiniaT, amitom isini cdiloben Tavi aaridon mis pirda­

24

pir xsenebas da mimarTaven evfemistur saSualebebs. ase rom, sityva „sikvdils“ aqvs asobiT rbili da ukeTesad JReradi sityvebi. inglisurSi arsebobs Semdegi evfemizmebi am sityvis Casanacvleblad: to breathe one’s last, fall asleep, go west, join the ma-jority, lay down one’s life, pass away, pay the debt of nature, reach a better world, to be at peace, to return to the dust da a .S. qarTul enaSi ki am sityvis nacvlad viyenebT Semdeg evfemizmebs: gar­daicvala, miicvala, ganisvena, Tvalebi daxuWa, suli ganuteva, suli dalia, suli RmerTs miabara, miwas amoefara, sico­

cxles gamoesalma, sicocxles gamoeTxo­

va, daasrula cxovreba, wuTisofels mo swyda, ar aris cocxalTa Soris, samu­damod miiZina, saiqios gaemgzavra, weri­li waiRo, marilze wavida, samudamod da­dumda, samudamod dagvtova. zogierTi am evfemizmTagani asaxavs qarTveli xalxis socialur gamocdilebas da kulturas, magaliTad „marilze wavida“. gadmoce­

miT, es evfemizmi Zveli ambisgan modis, roca marilis saxlSi misatanad adamians mdinaris gadalaxva uwevda, rac Zalian saxifaTo iyo maTi sicocxlisTvis.

4. sqesTan dakavSirebuli evfemizmebi: willing woman, gay boy etc. msubuqi yofaqce­vis qali; aratradiciuli orientaciis mqone pirovneba da a.S.

5. danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli evfem­izmebi: five-fingers – pickpocket, gentleman of the road – robber , the candy man – drug pusher. qar­TulSi gvaqvs Semdegi evfemizmebi: cxau­

rebs miRma–cixeSi; narkotikis momxmarebe­li – narkomani. inglisurSi iseve rogorc qarTulSi, xSiria sityva „kriminaluris“ nacvlad evfemizmis „aralegaluri“-s gamoyeneba.

“He has called on the Chief Prosecutor’s Office to launch an investigation into the

alleged involvement of former senior Interior Ministry officials in setting up illegal

armed groups in 2012.” (“The New York Times”)6. politikuri evfemizmebi. evfemiz­

mebis funqcia, Seamciros cnebis an termi­nis arasasiamovnod gadmocema, misaRebia saxelmwifo struqturebisaTvis, amitom mTavroba maT xSirad mimarTavs faqtebis Serbilebulad warmosaCenad. magaliTad, „studenturi areuloba“ SeiZleba gamo_yenebul iqnas „studentTa gaficvis“ Casa­nacvleblad.

“The president’s statement praises Thatcher as one the «great champions of freedom and liberty» and goes on to observe «she stands as an example to our daughters that there is no glass ceiling (=promo-tion limit for women) that can’t be shattered.» (The Least Interesting Fact About Margaret Thatcher. http://news.yahoo.com )

7. gonebrivi da fizikuri unarebis gamomxatveli evfemizmebi. Cven migvaCnia, rom arsebul klasifikacias unda daema­tos evfemizmebi, romlebic gamoxataven adamianis gonebriv da fizikur unarebs, raTa rTuli da emociuri situaciebi ufro misaRebi gavxadoT. aseTi evfemizme­bi mravlad mogvepoveba rogorc ingli­

sur, ise qarTul enaSi. esenia:

qarTuli inglisuri

yru – smena dazianebuli/daqveiTebuli Deaf - not able to hear, hearing impairedbrma – mxedveloba daqveiTebuli Blind - not able to see, visually impairedinvalidi–SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis Invalid – people with limited ability;mqone

suleli – gonebrivad SezRuduli Idiot - mentally challenged, mental isability

25

funqciis mixedviT evfemizmebi SeiZle­

ba davyoT ramdenime jgufad:1) ganmarteba, romelic xazs usvams

formis sinazes, anu misi mizania, rom mox­des arasasiamovno sityvebis pirdapiri Canacvleba naklebad Seuracxmyofeli sityvebiT, magaliTad: msuqani – Warbwoni­nani; Fat – overweight, stout, full-figured; mTvra­

li – SezarxoSebuli, nasvami; Drunk - tired and over emotional.

2) ganmarteba, romelic xazs usvams

rogorc moralur da eTikur ganzo­

milebebs, ise socialur mdgomareobas,

magaliTad, qarTul enaSi sityva „tua­

lets“ gaaCnia Semdegi evfemizmebi – sa­

pirfareSo, sadac mefeni Tavisi fexiT midian. inglisurSi – Bathroom – restroom, public conveniences. socialuri mdgomareo­bis gamomxatveli evfemizmia: Beggar – pan-handler an homeless person.

3) ganmarteba, romelic miuTiTebs

sityvebis SeniRbvaze, raTa sxvadasxva

mizezebis gamo moxdes ama Tu im feno­

menis naklovani mxareebis SeniRbva, aseT

evfemizmebs warmoadgenen: mxedveloba

daqveiTebuli – brma; smena daqveiTeb­

uli – yru; SezRuduli SesaZleblo­

bebis mqone – invalidi; xSirad vxvdebiT

ucxoeTSi sxvadasxva dawesebulebebSi

msgavs gancxadebebs „Particularly assist people with limited mobility.”

daskvna

evfemizmebs seriozuli mizezebi gaaC­

na arsebobisTvis. erT–erTi aseTi im

movlenebis dafarvaa, romlebisac xalxs

eSiniaT an maTSi gaurkvevel grZnobebs

iwveven, magaliTad sikvdili, mkvdari, qve­

warmavali, eSmaki da a. S. evfemizmebi

gamoiyeneba seqsTan, reproduqciasTan

(maT Soris sxeulis nawilebTan) daka­

vSirebuli cxovrebiseuli movlenebis

dasafaravad. aseve xSirad gamoiyene­

ba presaSi politikuri realobis Ses­

afuTad an ama Tu im movlenis Sesar­

bileblad. evfemizmebi sazogadoebis

azrovnebis nawils warmoadgenen, isini

Cveni Sinagani SiSis, konfliqtebis, sir­

cxvilis grZnobis xiluli niSnebia. ev­

femizmebze dakvirvebiT SesaZlebelia

vimsjeloT, ra xdeba sazogadoebaSi, ena­

sa da kulturaSi.

literatura

1. gaz. „kviris palitra“ 2014: №4(1018)2. gaz. „kviris palitra“ 2014: №6(1018)3. gaz. „kviris palitra“ 2014: №10(1022)4. gaz. „kviris palitra“ 2014: №38(998)5. Джорджанели К. (2005): Эвфемизмы и

словесные табу. Тбилиси, „Кавказский дом“ 6. Тер-Минасова С. Г.(2000): Язык и меж-

культурная коммуникация, “Слово”, Москва 7. Akmajian A. (2001): Linguistics: An Introduc-

tion to language and communication. A. Akmajian, R. A. Dermers, A. K. Farmer, R. M. Harnish. Mas-sachusetts Instituate of Technology

8. Alkire S. (2002): Introducing Euphemisms to Language Learners - California, USA9. Fromkin V., Rodam R. (1993): An Introduction to Language. Harcourt Brace College Publishers.10. http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/law/3232011. http://international.nytimes.com/12. http://www.guardian.co.uk/13. http://news.yahoo.com14. Leech, G. (1974): Semantics. Penguin 15. Rawson, H.(1981): A Dictionary of Euphe-mism and Other Doubletalk. New York: Crown 16. Samoskaite, L. (2011): 21 st centu-ry political euphemisms in English newspa-pers: semantic and structural study – Vilnius 17. www.cscanada.net18. www.cscanada.org19. www.docstoc.com

26

The Role of euphemisms in press discourse and their classification

Maka BaladzeBatumi's Shota Rustaveli State UniversityEuropian Department35 Ninoshvili str., 6010, Batumi, GeorgiaTel.: 571 128 383E-mail: m.baladze87@gmail.com

AbstractNowadays particular attention is paid to media

discourse. In the article euphemisms are analyzed in the text of the newspaper. According to differ-ent criteria euphemisms can be divided into several categories. In this division we compare English and Georgian euphemisms and we had seen that some of them have exact equivalent in both languages. The aim of this article is to reveal peculiarities of the English and Georgian euphemisms, they are ana-lyzed according to the lingua-cultural approach and consequently are classified according to their seman-tic and pragmatic features. The use of this stylistic device in the discourse is dictated by social conven-tions to seek refinement in the unacceptable form, to follow the rules of the moral and ethical standards accepted in the society, for the purpose of avoiding of “the communicative conflicts,” and to veil some socially unacceptable phenomena of reality.

Keywords: Euphemism, semantic features, media discourse.

Роль эвфемизмов в дискурсе прессы и их классификация

Баладзе Мака НодаровнаБатумский Государственный Университет им. Шота РуставелиДепартамент европеистикиул. Ниношвили 35, 6010, Батуми, ГрузияТел.: 571 128 383E-mail: m.baladze87@gmail.com

РезюмеВ данной статье рассмотрены эвфемизмы в га-

зетном тексте. По разным критериям эвфемизмы делятся на несколько категории. Мы сравнили ан-глийские и грузинские эв фемизмы и установили, что для некоторых из них в обоих языках суще-ствует точный эквивалент. Цель статьи показать особенности грузинских и русских эвфемизмов, они проанализированы с лингво-культурной точ-ки зрения и соответственно классифицируется по семантическим и прагматическим особенно-стям. Применение в дискурсе таких стилистиче-ских методов предсказано социальной конвенци-ей, для обрабатывания непринятых форм, чтобы защитить принятые для общества стандартные и этические нормы, с той целью, чтобы отстранить «коммуникативные конфликты» и перекрыть со-циально непринятый феномен реальности.

Ключевые слова: эвфемизмы, семантические характеристики,

дискурс прессы.

27

terminologia da misi klasifikaciis mcdeloba

TinaTin borCxaZe

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

wminda andria pirvelwodebulis

saxelobis saqarTvelos universiteti

WavWavaZis gamz. 53 a, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel.: 599 107 244

E-mail: bochkhadze@yahoo.com

reziume statia eZRvneba terminologiis

definirebis, dargobrivi leqsikisa da

misi klasifikaciis problemis mimox­

ilvas, rac miuxedavad am sakiTxebi­

sadmi mecnierTa didi interesisa, mainc

Riaa da dazustebas moiTxovs. naSrom­

Si ganxilulia dargobrivi enis farg­

lebSi terminebis funqcia/kavSirebi da

mimarTebebi zogad enasTan. terminolo­

giis klasifikaciis sakiTxis kvlevisas

yuradReba gamaxvilebulia dargobriv

sityvebs, dargobriv gamoTqmebsa da ter­

minebs Soris msgavseba/gansxvavebebis

dadgenaze. winaswar SemuSavebuli kri­

teriumebis safuZvelze gamoyofilia

dargobrivi leqsikis ramdenime tipi.

sakvanZo sityvebi: terminologia, dargobrivi ena, dargo­

brivi leqsikis klasifikacia.

Sesavaliterminologia ama Tu im mecniere­

basTan integrirebuli dargobrivi enis

sistemaa, termini ki dargobrivi leqsi­

kis birTvia. terminologias ama Tu im

samecniero dargis specifikur leqsika­

sac uwodeben. ama Tu im dargis terminTa

erToblioba qmnis enis leqsikur siste­

maSi gansakuTrebul sferos, anu, termi­

nologias, romelic romelime dargis

terminebs ikvlevs [levandovski, 1990:1151].

termini (dargobrivi sityva, dargobrivi

gamonaTqvami) SesaZloa gamoxatul iqnas

cnebiT an kompleqsuri gamonaTqvamiT,

romlis mniSvneloba da gamoyeneba cal­

saxa da erTmniSvnelovania (iqve).

ZiriTadi nawilitermini ganimarteba specifikur kon­

teqstSi da winadadebaSi subieqtad gvev­

lineba. ,,Atomkern ist der im Zentrum gelegene, positiv geladene Teil eines Atoms“ [vgl. Schippan. 1984: 246].

sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad gadis

sazRvari terminilogiursa da arater­

minologiur, magram funqcionalurad

determinirebul leqsikas Soris, Riaa

da dazustebas moiTxovs. Tumca gasaT­

valiswinebelia is garemoebac, rom dar­

gobrivi ena araa diametralurad, radi­

kalurad winaaRmdegobriv mimarTebaSi

zogad enasTan [hoizingeri. 2004:53]. Se­

sabamisad,

1. dargobrivi ena iyenebs zogadi enis

saSualebebsa da SesaZleblobebs sa­

gnis, ideis, procesis dargobriv Wril­

Si aRwerisaTvis;

2. dargobrivi enis arsenalSi Sedis

sferoebis mixedviT diferencirebuli

terminologia, romelic, erTi mxriv,

zogadi enidanaa miRebuli, meore mxriv

ki ­ sxva enebidanaa nasesxebi;

3. dargobrivi ena zogadi enidan

irCevs funqcionalur leqsikas dar­

gisaTvis Sesabamis saganTa mimarTebebis

aRsawerad;

4. dargobrivi ena iyenebs xelovnur

simboloebs da formulebs, romleb­

28

sac xandaxan terminebis Rirebuleba,

Sesabamisad, terminebis datvirTvac ki

aqvT,mag: H2O ­ wyali,

5. dargobrivi enis realizaciis ar­

eali da misi gamoyenebis sixSire sak­

maod masStaburia, Tumca struqturuli

TvalsazrisiT zogadi enis gramatikas

da gramatikul wesebs eqvemdebareba.

specialur literaturaSi xSirad

vxvdebiT mecnierTa mravalgzis mcd­

elobas moexdinaT dargobrivi leqsi­

kis klasifikacia. magaliTad, germaneli

mecnieri v.Smidti (1969:20) dargobriv

leqsikas yofs terminebad (standartu­

li da arastandartuli) da naxevarter­

minebad. am ukanasknels igi miakuTvnebs

profesionalizmebs da dargobriv Jar­

gons. profesionalizmebi qmnian e.w. gar­

damaval safexurs terminsa da dagobriv

Jargons Soris.

T. Sipani miiCnevs, rom (1969:20) dar­

gobrivi enebis safuZvels dargobrivi

sityvebi qmnis. dargobriv sityvebs igi

miakuTvnebs: 1. terminebs, romlebic

dargTaSoris mecnierebebs an sxva mec­

nierebebs miekuTvnebian, romelTa sa­

SualebiTac xdeba zogadi samecniero

kvlevebis, kvlevis procedurebisa da

meTodebis, sxvadasxva saganTa da obi­

eqtTa niSan­Tvisebebis aRwera. aseTebia

Semdegi dargobrivi sityvebi: aqtual­

uri, pozitiuri, negatiuri, integraci­

uli, integrireba, proporcionaluri,

analizi, sinTezi, funqcia, transforma­

cia; 2. terminebs, romlebic aucilebe­

lia ama Tu im dargobriv enaze komu­

nikaciisas. esenia umetesad dargobrivi

sityvebi, romelTa formireba/Camoyali­

beba/srulyofa xdeba dargis saqmiano­

bis farglebSi, ama Tu im sferosaTvis

Sesabamisi qmedebebidan gamomdinare,

amave dargisaTvis adekvatur meTode­

bze dayrdnobiT. isic unda aRiniSnos,

rom maTi gamoyeneba ama Tu im konte­

qstsa Tu situaciaSi ar unda iwvevdes

gaugebrobas, piriqiT, isini adekvaturad

unda aRiqmebodnen konkretul viTareba­

sa Tu garemocvaSi. miuxedavad amisa, es

sityvebi gansazRvruli dargobrivi en­

ebis (xSir SemTxvevaSi mravali dargo­

brivi enis) Semadgeneli nawilebi arian,

magaliTad, rogoricaa sistematizacia,

kategorizacia. amave terminebs miekuT­

vneba agreTve teqnikuri detalebis

aRniSvnebi, sxvadasxva nawilebis, dan­

adgarebis, xelsawyoebis dasaxelebebi,

rogorebicaa: membrana, siTbos regenera­

tori, transformatori da a.S.

amdenad, dargobrivi leqsikis termi­

nologiur sferos miekuTvneba termi­

nebi, (mkafiod gansazRvruli/dadgenili

termini), sistemuri nomenklatura, kvazi­

an naxevradterminebi, dargTaSorisi, Se­

sabamisad, interdisciplinaruli tipis

dargobrivi sityvebi.

dargobrivi leqsikis klasifikaci­

isas gamoyofen Semdeg tipebs:

leqsika: specialuri leqsika zogadi

vs. leqsika (ara­terminebi)

specialuri leqsika: profesional­

izmebi vs. terminebi(terminoidebi)profesionalizmebi: arawerilobiTi

vs. werilobiTi

terminebi: WeSmariti terminebi vs. kva­ziterminebi

WeSmariti terminebi: specifikuri

terminebi vs. ramdenime mecnierebebisaT­

vis saerTo terminebi

specifikuri terminebi: gnoseologi­

uri tipis dargobrivi gamoTqmebi, no­

menklatura (Filipeck, iqve).dargobrivi leqsikis sistematizaci­

is mcdelobisas, isaxavs ra miznad ram­

de nime kriteriumis safuZvelze dargo­

brivi leqsikuri erTeulebis klasifika­

cias, hofmani gamoyofs xuT fenas. kri­

29

teriumebad igi asaxelebs: a) saqmiano­

bis sferos, b) komunikaciis partniors;

g) nacionaluri enis arsebobis formebT­

an terminis leqsikur kavSirs (Hoffman. 1984:70):

1. zeda fena: a) Teoriuli fundamen­

turi mecnierebebi; b) mecnierebi; g) el­

ementebisa da relaciebis aRweris; maTi

aRniSvnis xelovnuri simboloebi.

2. subordinaciuli fena: a) eqsperi­

mentuli mecnierebebis ena, b) mecnierebi

da teqnikosebi, g) xelovnuri simboloe­

bi elementebisaTvis, bunebrivi ena re­

laciebisaTvis.

3. fena: a) gamoyenebiTi mecnierebisa

da teqnikis ena; b) mecnierebi da teqni­

ku­ri xelmZRvaneloba; g) dargobrivi

terminologiis Zalze maRali wili.

4. fena: a)materialuri produqciis

ena; b) samecniero da teqnikuri xelmZ­

Rvaneloba, ostatebi, dargobrivi muSa­

xeli; g) dargobrivi terminologiis

maRali wili.

5. qveda fena: a) konzumirebis/mox­

marebis, momxmarebelTa ena; b) materia­

luri produqciis warmoebis xelmZR­

vanelebi, ostatebi, dargobrivi muSa­

xeli, romelic komunicirebs produqtis

momxmareblebTan; g) ramdenime dargo­

brivi termini, Jargonis didi raodeno­

ba.

garda amisa, hofmani cdilobs moax­

dinos Sesabamisi leqsikis klasifika­

cia komunikaciis WrilSi, anu misi ga­

moyenebis sferos TvalsazrisiT da misi

gaTvaliswinebiT. am kuTxiT igi gamo­

yofs Semdeg jgufebs: a)dargobriv ter­

minebs, 2) Jargons, 3)bunebrivi enis le­

qsikas, zogadi enis leqsikas. rac Seexe­

ba Jargons, maTi SerCeva/gamoyeneba xdeba

diletantTan dargobriv komunikaciaSi

dargis saganis, misi obieqtis ganxil­

visas. samecniero SromebSi gamoiyeneba

Sinaarsobrivad unificirebuli, stand­

artuli, monosemuri leqsemebis klasi,

terminebi an profesionalizmebi. isini

ZiriTadad arsebiTi saxelebiT gamoxat­

uli abstraqtuli cnebebia.

daskvna

enis sistemaSi dargobrivi leqsikis

klasifikacia xorcieldeba sami krite­

riumis safuZvelze, rogoricaa: saqmi­

anobis sfero, komunikaciis partniori,

nacionaluri enis arsebobis formebTan

terminis leqsikur kavSiri. am kriteri­

umebis gaTvaliswinebiT da maT safuZ­

velze gamoiyofa dargobrivi leqsi­

kis xuTi fena. garda amisa, arsebobs

agreTve dargobrivi leqsikis klasifi­

kaciis sxva mcdelobac komunikaciis

WrilSi, sadac mkveTrad ikveTeba dar­

gobrivi termini, Jargoni da zogadi ena.

maT kveTaze xdeba swored dargobrivi

leqsikuri erTeulebis sistemuri gadan­

awileba komunikaciis intenciidan da

komunikaciis partnioris fonuri cod­

nidan gamomdinare.

literatura

1. Lewandowski Th. (1990): Linguistisches Worterbuch. Wiesbaden

2. Schmidt W. (1969): ,,Charakter und ge-sellschaftliche Bedeutung der Fachsprache“, in Sprachpflege 10. Leipzig

3. Schippan Th. (1984): Lexikologie der deut-schen Gegenwartssprache. Leipzig

4. Heusinger S. (2004): Die Lexik der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Stuttgart

5. Hoffmann L. (1984): Kommunikationsmittel Fachsprache. Berlin

30

Terminology and the Attempt of Its Classification

Tinatin BorchkhadzeGeorgian Patriarchal St. Andreas First-CalledUniversity53a Chavchavadze av., Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 599 107 244

E-mail: bochkhadze@yahoo.com

AbstractThe paper discusses the problems of terminology

definition and the classification of special vocabu-lary, which in spite of the great interest of scientists requires more precise definition. The functions and relationships of special language with the general language are being discussed. In the process of the study of terminology classification, special atten-tion is paid to the manifestation of similarity/dif-ference between special words, special expressions and terms. Several types of special vocabulary are chosen on the basis of the criteria worked out pre-liminarily.

Keywords: terminology, special language, classification of

special vocabulary.

Терминология и попытки ее классификации

Борчхадзе ТинатинГрузинский патриарший университет Андрии ПервозванногоПр.Чавчавадзе 53а, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 599 107 244

E-mail: bochkhadze@yahoo.com

РезюмеСтатья посвящена формулировке терминоло-

гий и классификации специализированной лек-сики, которая несмотря на огромный интересс ученых требует более точные определения. Были так же рассмотрены функции и родство специ-ального языка с основным. Во время изучения классификиции терминологий особое внимание было уделено общности/разнице между специ-альными словами, особым ударение и терминам. На основе заранее обработанных критериумов было выделено несколько типов специализиро-ванной лексики.

Ключевые слова:Терминология, специализированный язык,

классификация специализированной лексики.

31

terminologiisadmi sistemuri midgoma da misi arsi

TinaTin borCxaZe

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos

wminda andria pirvelwodebulis

saxelobis qarTuli universiteti

WavWavaZis gamz. 53 a, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel.: 599 107 244

E-mail: bochkhadze@yahoo.com

reziume im tipis naSromTa ar arseboba, rom­

lebic ganazogadeben terminologi­

is sistemurobasa da dinamikas, misi

formirebis Taviseburebebs, mis ganviTa­

rebas, xels uSlis terminologiis Ses­

wavlasa da mis daxasiaTebas. warmodge­

nil statiaSi aris mcdeloba Seivsos es

deficiti. enis sistemaSi, romelic sta­

tiaSi ganxilulia rogorc konceptual­

uri sistema, gamoikveTa da Camoyalibda

sxvadasxva mimarTulebebi, romlebmac

mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSes ara mx­

olod sabaziso enobrivi terminolo­

giis CamoyalibebaSi, aramed codnis am

sferos samecniero ideologiis Camoya­

libebaSic. nebismieri mecnierebis gan­

viTarebis etapebis dadgenaSi ZiriTadi

roli eniWeba swored misi terminolo­

giuri aparatis formirebis analizs, ram­

denadac mecnierebis evolucia da misi

terminologiuri aRWurva uerTierTgan­

pirobebulia: pirveli warmoudgenelia

meoris gareSe da piriqiT.

sakvanZo sityvebi: terminologia, sistemuri modgoma, sa­

gnobrivi aspeqti, funqcionaluri aspeq­

ti, istoriuli aspeqti.

Sesavaliterminologia terminTa erToblio­

baa, romelic, erTi mxriv, mecnierebis

yvela dargis kuTvnilebaa, xolo, meore

mxriv, Seesabameba maT da akmayofilebs

garkveul moTxovnebs, rogoricaa mizan­

Sewoniloba, mowesrigebuloba, sistemur­

oba da a.S. terminologiis formirebisa

da SemuSavebis procesi sakmaod xan­

grZliv da uwyvet periods moiTxovs.

misi formirebis process ganapirobebs

samecniero dargis specifika da mis

komponentebs Soris rTuli urTierT­

mimarTeba, misi sagani, obieqti da miznebi.

ukve ramdenime aTwleulia, rac cod­

nis sxvadasxva dargebis mecnierTa yur­

adReba aqtiuradaa mimarTuli rogorc

samecniero codnisadmi sistemuri mid­

gomisaken, aseve zogadad kognitiuri

procesebisadmi. sistemuri midgomis

arsi da Rirebuleba imaSi mdgomareobs,

rom igi gvaZlevs principebs, romlebic

formulirebulia xSirad erTmaneTisa­

gan radikalurad gansxvavebul, erTma­

neTisagan daSorebul samecniero sfer­

oebSi, Tumca eWvs ar iwvevs maTi gamoy­

enebis WeSmariteba da sandooba nebis­

mier sistemasTan mimarTebaSi.

aseTi midgoma gviqmnis mniSvnelovnad

srulyofil warmodgenas mimdinare

procesebis arsis Sesaxeb. igi funda­

menturad gansxvavdeba im tipis war­

modgenisagan, romelic SesaZlebelia

miiRos mkvlevarma romelime konkret­

ul dargTan mimarTebaSi ara sistemuri

midgomis, aramed tradiciuli logikis

CarCoebSi moqceuli midgomis safuZ­

velze. unda aRiniSnos sistemuri prin­

cipebis gamoyenebis kidev erTi Zlieri

mxare ­ sistemis ganviTarebis zusti

32

prognozirebis SesaZlebloba, rac erT­

erTia im aucilebel aspeqtTa Soris,

romlebic nebismier Tanamedrove kvle­

vas moeTxoveba. misi principebis univer­

saluroba, romlebic formulirebulia

sistemuri analizis Teoriis CarCoebSi

da gamoiyeneba sistemis niSan­Tvisebebis

mqone sxvadasxva obieqtebTan mimarTe­

baSi, sasurvel niadags qmnis sistemuri

midgomis farglebSi, gakeTdes swori

prognozebi.

ZiriTadi nawiliprocesebisadmi sistemuri midgomis

dros sametyvelo saSualebebi da Tavad

Setyobinebebi ar ganixileba rogorc ama

Tu im sistemis izolirebuli niSnebi an

elementebi ­ maTze dakvirveba da maTi

kvleva warmoebs mTel rig sxva siste­

mebTan urTierTobis dinamikaSi, romle­

bic arsebobs konkretul ierarqiaSi.

aucilebelia imis aRniSvnac, rom fon

bertalanfis ideis safuZvelze, siste­

mur midgomaSi igulisxmeba is midgoma,

romelic gvaZlevs adekvatur warmodge­

nas rTuli dinamiuri sistemis Sesaxeb

misi kvlevis sami plastis erTmaneTTan

dakavSirebis gziT, esenia: sagnobrivi,

funqcionaluri da istoriuli (berta­

lanfi,1969).

ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal­calke.

sistemuri kvlevis sagnobrivi aspeqti

gvaZlevs saSualebas pirvel rigSi aR­

viqvaT sistemis cneba im elementTa er­

Tobliobad, romlebsac garkveuli kav­

Sirebi aqvT erTmaneTTan da romlebic

erTobliobaSi da ara gancalkevebulad

funqcionireben. amas garda, sistemuri

kvlevis sagnobrivi aspeqti saSualebas

gvaZlevs gavSifroT, avxsnaT garemo da

misi elementebi da aRviqvaT isini siste­

mis garemocvad, romelsac masTan aqvs

ormxrivi kavSiri. sistemis elementebis,

anu misi Semadgenlebis Seswavla moce­

mul SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba SezRudu­

li iyos misi Semadgeneli elementebis

mxolod aRmoCena­gamovleniT ­ am mizans

warmatebiT emsaxureboda tradiciuli,

wminda analitikuri midgoma. rac Se­

exeba sistemur midgomas, ramdenadac igi

gamomdinareobs Sesaswavli sistemisad­

mi imgvari midgomiT, rom Seiqmnas masze

mTlianuri warmodgena, amdenad elemen­

tebis da qvesistemebis gamoyofam, rac

qmnis am sistemis mTlianobas, unda war­

moadginos misi elementebi, erTi mxriv,

rogorc aucilebeli da, meore mxriv, ro­

gorc sakmarisi Semadgenlebi, raTa Se­

saZlebelad iqnes miCneuli am mocemuli

sistemis arseboba.

am amocanis gadaWris efeqturi gzaa

ganvixiloT Sesaswavli sistema ro­

gorc raRac metasistemis nawili, anu

im garemosa da im garemocvaSi, romlis

Semadgenlebsac isini warmoadgenen da

romelSic isini funqcionireben. mxo­

lod ase SeiZleba gavigoT sistemis war­

moSobis, arsebobisa da daniSnu­lebis

kanonzomierebebi ­ davadgoniT sistemis

mTavari roli, romelsac igi asrulebs

im metasistemis farglebSi, romlis

Semadgenelic TviTonaa. sistemis Ses­

axeb im informaciis miReba, romelsac

gvaZlevs misi elementarul­struqturu­

li analizi, gvaZlevs saSualebas gada­

videT misi funqcionirebis Seswavlaze.

magram amasTan ukve SeuZlebeli xdeba

sistemis ganxilva abstrahirebulad,

mowyvetiT misi garemodan. am kanonzo­

mierebas gansakuTrebiT did mniSvnelo­

bas aniWebs Cesnokovi. sistemuri anal­

izis funqciuri aspeqti gvaZlevs sa­

Sualebas gamovikvlioT Sidasistemuri

mimarTebebis meqanizmebi. (misi Semad­

33

geneli elementebis urTierTqmedeba)

da garesistemuri meqanizmebi (sistemis

damokidebuleba/mimarTeba garemosTan)

(Cesnokovi, 1989).

sistemis Sida funqcionirebis kvle­

va xdeba ori pirobis gaTvaliswinebiT:

erTi mxriv, misi elementebis Semadgen­

lebiT da struqturiT, xolo, meore

mxriv, ­ misi garegani funqciiT, romelic

gansazRvravs sistemis yvela elementis

urTierTqmedebis xasiaTs.

rac Seexeba sistemis garegan func­

qionirebas, igi ormxrivia, rac imaSi

gamoixateba, rom garemo zemoqmedebs

masSi arsebul sistemaze, xolo sistema,

Tavis mxriv, SerCevis safuZvelze aRiq­

vams da gadaamuSavebs am zemoqmedebas

Tavis Sinagan bunebasTan SesabamisobaSi,

amasTanave TviTon aqtiurad zemoqmedebs

garemoze, Segnebulad an Seugneblad,

winsawari ganzraxviT an mis gareSe.

gansaxilvel sakiTxTa aqtualoba

organul kavSirSia lingvistur prob­

lemebTan. niSnis Teoriis Tanamedrove

dinamikas mivyavarT enaTmecnierebis

problemur sakiTxTa sferos gafar­

Tovebisken, rac Tavis mxriv terminTm­

codneobasac gulisxmobs da moicavs.

ase magaliTad, niSnis, rogorc erTiani

sistemis elementis gagebas, romelsac

aqvs Tavisi sazRvrebi, romlisTvisac

gansazRvrul CarCoebSi dasaSvebia sxva

sistemebTan Sexeba da urTierTqmede­

baSia maTTan, magram ar iTvaliswinebs

maTTan Serevas (nikolaevi, 2006,27), mi­

vyavarT ra lingvisturi klasifikaciis

dazustebamde, is axdens sistemurobis,

variantulobis da terminis dinamizmis

Sesabamis damuSavebas. amasTanave es da­

muSaveba SexebaSia ufro rTul enobriv

procesebTanac _ kerZod, samecniero

teqs tis kompresiasTan. (girenko, 2004:185­

200), risi axsnac SeiZleba zogadlingvis­

turi koncefciebis safuZvelze.

aRniSnuli aqtualizacia dakavSire­

bulia enaTmecnierebis sam tendencias­

Tan. es, pirvel rigSi aris sistemuro­

bis ganzomilebaTa restruqturizacia.

igi SeiniSneba terminebis analizisadmi

tradiciuli principebiT midgomis dro­

sac ki, magaliTad, terminebis struqtu­

rul­semantikuri aRwerisas. (papaziani,

2007). terminis mimarT sistemuri midgo­

ma aqtualizdeba maSin, roca yuradRebis

centrSi eqceva produqtiuli da nak­

lebad gamokvleuli procesebi, iseTebi,

rogorebicaa konversia, metabolizmi,

antropocentrizmi, terminTwarmomqmnel

semaTa implicireba. (apalko, 2007)

meore mxriv, terminisadmi sistemuri

midgomis aqtualizacias xels uwyobs

aspeqturobis rogorc obieqtis gansa­

kuTrebuli maxasiaTebelis kvleva. (Spi­

gari 2007, sarkisovi, 2007). amasTanave

swored terminTa masala gvaZlevs saSu­

alebas davamkvidroT aspeqtebi, romle­

bic arsebiTia enobrivi sistemis da misi

realizaciis calkeuli erTeulebisa

da fenomenebisaTvis.

lingvistikis mesame tendencia, ro­

melic axdens terminisadmi sistemuri

midgomis aqtualizacias, esaa misi da­

zusteba dinamikaSi. sistemurobisa da

dinamiurobis erTianobas, romelic sul

ufro aqtiurad gamoiyeneba lingvisturi

obieqtebis analizisTvis, aqvs ganmarte­

biTi Zala terminologiisTvisac. igi

aRrmavebs warmodgenas terminTa iseT

aqtualur Tvisebaze, rogoricaa maTi ka­

vSiri kognitiur opoziciebTan (nemika

2006). es exeba sistemurobis axlebur

gagebasac: ”mas Semdeg, rac vityviT ra

uars imaze, rom enobrivi sistemis yve­

la qvesistema erT rigSi ganvalagoT,

34

saWiroa dadgindes am sistemis ZiriTa­

di struqturuli fenebi, romelTa ga­

dakveTis safuZvelzec aigeba maTi sru­

lyofili struqtura, da Semdeg, TiToeu­

li fenis farglebSi gamovavlonoT eno­

brivi faqtebis qvesistemis Sesabamisi

struqtura.” (Cesnokovi 2008:112)

mocemuli aqtualizacia, romelic

calsaxadaa gansazRvruli monolingvur

WrilSi, axal Zalebs ikrebs enaTaSori­

si korelaciebiT naklebad gamokvleul

sakiTxebSi, im fonze, rom biligvizmi

iqca Tanamedrove enaTaSorisi komunika­

ciis yvelaze ufro aSkara bunebriv mov­

lenad. es mniSvnelovanwilad aixsneba

globalizaciis universaluri tenden­

ciebiT ekonomikur, kulturul, politi­

kur, ganmanaTleblur, religiur­sulier

da adamianTa saqmianobis sxva sferoe­

bSi. aseTi midgoma aRrmavebs terminTa

sistemur aRqmas.

daskvna

TiToeuli dargis terminologia

obligatoruli konceptualur­enobri­

vi instrumentia, romelic xels uwyobs,

erTi mxriv, enobrivi sistemis yvela

donis adekvatur aRweras, xolo, meore

mxriv, enis swavlisa da swavlebis pro­

cesebis optimizacias. is axdens enis

doneebis struqturizaciis evoluciis

demonstrirebas. terminologiuri si­

Wrele metyvelebs imaze, rom termino­

logia Tavis saTaves saukuneebis wiaRSi

iRebs, rom misi formireba xdeboda didi

xnis manZilze da rom masSi asaxulia sx­

vadasxva epoqebis werilobiTi enis Ta­

viseburebebi, romelic Camoyalibda Sida

da gare faqtorebis zegavleniT. es bune­

brivia, radgan, rogorc humboldti wers,

”Sida da gare samyaros calkeul sagan­

Ta aRniSvna Rrmad swvdeba grZnobiT aR­

qmas, fantazias, emocias da yvela maTga­

nis urTierTmoqmedebis wyalobiT aRw­

evs erovnul xasiaTamde, radgan swored

aq xdeba adamianis Serwyma bunebasTan,

sagnobrioba, nawilobriv marTlac rom

materialuri, _ erwymis formirebis pro­

cesSi myof suls. am sferoSi, Sesabam­

isad, ufro aSkarad igrZnoba erovnuli

TviTmyofadoba”(humboldti, 1984,104).

literatura

1. Берталанффи JI. Фон (1969): Общая теория систем. М.: Прогресс, 1969.369 с.

2. Чесноков П. В. (1989): О двух языковых картинах мира – статической и динамической Текст. / П.В.Чесноков // Известия СКНЦ. Общественные науки. Ростов н/Д. № 3. - С. 68-69

3. Николаев С. Т. (2006): О вариантности языкового знака при билингвизме Текст. / С.Г. Николаев // Лингвистические и культурологические аспекты многоязычной деятельности (состояние и перспективы). Ростов н/Д: РГУ. С. 26-35

4. Гиренко JI. C. (2004): Один из возможных путей изучения плотности научного текста Текст. / J1.C. Гиренко // Стереотипность и творчество в тексте. Пермь: ПГУ. Вып. 7. - С. 185-203

4. Папазян А. А. (2007): Структурно-семантическое описание терминов менеджмента (на материале экономической лексики): Автореф. дис. . канд. филол. наук Текст. / А.А. Папазян. Краснодар. - 22 с.

5. Апалъко И. Ю. (2007): Конверсия в военной терминологии Текст. / И.Ю. Апалько // Дискурс: концептуальные признаки и особенности их осмысления. Краснодар: КубГУ. - С. 7-11

6. Шпыгарь Е.В. Лингвистическая аспектность учебно-научных текстов по экономике: Автореф. дис. канд. филол. наук Текст. / Е.В. Шпыгарь. Краснодар, 2007. - 24 с.

35

7. Саркисов А. Л. (2007): Основные тенденции формирования и функционирования специальной лексики бухгалтерского учета: Автореф. дис. . .канд. филол. наук Текст. / A.JI. Саркисов. Крас-A.JI. Саркисов. Крас-.JI. Саркисов. Крас-JI. Саркисов. Крас-. Саркисов. Крас-нодар, 2007. - 24 с.

8. Немыка А. А. (2006): О развитии когнитивных оппозиций в лексических подсистемах Текст. / А.А. Немыка // Теоретическая и прикладная семантика. Парадигматика и синтагматика языковых единиц. — Краснодар: КубГУ. С. 70-72

9. Чесноков П. В. (2008): Об основных измерениях в языковой системе Текст. / П.В.Чесноков // Филология как средоточие знаний о мире. Юбилейный сб. М.; Краснодар: АПСН; КубГУ. С. 112-114

10. Гумбольдт В. (1984): фон. Избранные труды по языкознанию. Текст. / В. фон. Гумбольдт М.: Прогресс. S397 с.

System Approach to Terminology and its Essence

Tinatin BorchkhadzeGeorgian Patriarchal St. Andreas First-CalledUniversity53a Chavchavadze av., Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 599 107 244

E-mail: bochkhadze@yahoo.com

AbstractNon-existence of the works generalizing the

systematicity and dynamics of terminology, pecu-liarities of its formation and development, prevents from the study and characterization of terminology. In the language system which the paper discusses as a conceptual system, were created different di-rections which played an important role not only in the formation of basic language terminology but in the establishment of the scientific ideology in this

sphere of knowledge. In the ascertainment of the development stages of any science, the main role is conferred on the analysis of its terminology appara-tus as the science evolution and its equipment with terminology is interstipulated. One is inconceivable without the other and vice versa.

Keywords: terminology, system approach, object aspect,

functional aspect, historical aspect.

Системный подход к терминологии и суть этого подхода

Борчхадзе Тинатин ДавидовнаГрузинский патриарший университет Андрии ПервозванногоПр.Чавчавадзе 53а, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 599 107 244

E-mail: bochkhadze@yahoo.com

РезюмеНе существует того типа работ, которые смог-

ли бы обоб щить систему и динамику терминоло-гий, формирование особенностей их развития, мешали бы изучению и характеризации терми-нологии. Статья рассматривает данную систему языка как концептальную систему, где созданы различные направления, которые играют важную роль не только в формации основной терминоло-гии языка, но и в установке научного мировоз-зрения данной сферы знаний. В установке ста-дий раз вития науки основную роль играет анализ формирования аппарата терминологий, которые представляют собой эволюцию в науке, а так же ее оснащение терминологией взаимо обусловле-ны. Одно невообразимо без другого и наоборот.

Ключевые слова:Терминология, системный под ход, аспект пре-

д мета, функциональный ас пект, исторический аспект.

36

Revolutionizing the Ways of Language Learning

Rusudan GotsiridzeGeorgian Technical UniversityDepartment of Liberal Sciences77 Kostava str., 0175, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 893 301 342E-mail: rusudgo@yahoo.com

Abstract The Internet has revolutionized the ways of hu-

man communication as well as English language learning in a global context. Learners of English lan-guage today need a new set of critical and interpre-tive skills. Teachers of English therefore, need to un-derstand how the Internet is revolutionizing English language learning. This paper attempts to discuss the impact of the Internet on English language learning as well as the need for new frameworks for teaching English language in computer mediated contexts.

Keywords: linguistic medium, information technology, IT

revolution, psycholinguistic processes, socio-cultur--cultur-al context.

Introduction Computer-mediated communication is one of

the features of globalization and as a result, the In-ternet has become an important linguistic medium. It has been added to every aspect of human life, in-cluding the learning of languages.

The Internet seems to have important implicati-ons for linguistics or language learning. In this con-text, this paper explores the impact of the Internet on today‘s teaching and learning of the English lan-guage.

Main BodyTraditionally, the approaches used to study languages

have been prescriptive and descriptive (Fromkin et. al.,

2004). Prescriptivism represents the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this variety of language ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech commu-nity. It usually prefers a version of the standard writ-ten language, which most closely reflects the liter-ary style of great classics in a language. Those who speak or write in a standardized variety are termed to be using the language ‘correctly’; those who do not, are termed to be using it ‘incorrectly’.

When the Internet first emerged, the early ten-dency among the educators of English for speakers of other languages was to see how it could be em-ployed as a tool in teaching English (Warschauer, 1995). Computer was then seen as an optional or supplementary tool, among several others, used for teaching English. Today, however, the significance of information technology for teaching or learning is widely acknowledged. To put it simply, information technology has been termed as the medium of a new, and fourth revolution in human communication and cognition, matched in significance only by the pri-or three revolutions of language, writing, and print (Harnad, 1991). Information technology will impact on how people interact, access and share informati-on. This impact will also occur much more quickly than anticipated.

The Internet appears to revolutionize the ways of human communication and language learning, as languages are being acquired and communication continues to occur between people. In this context, it appears that learners of English need a new set of literacy skills for English language acquisition.

As a result of the IT (Information Technology) re-volution, there is a shift in reading practices from the (paper) page to the screen (Reinking, 1998; Snyder, 1998). This shift is more likely to occur especially among young people who grow up with computers (Tapscott, 1998). It will necessitate different psycho-linguistic processes related to decoding information from a screen instead of a page, especially when

37

the screen decodes words for the reader at the click of a mouse. It will also change how we as educators teach things like skimming, scanning, and guessing words from a context (Anderson-Inman & Horney, 1998; McKenna, 1998). It will also force educators to think more about how texts combine together with graphics, images, and audio-visual content to communicate a message (Bolter, 1998; Kress, 1999; Lemke, 1998)

Reading is not just a psycholinguistic act of deco-ding letters and words. Rather, it is a social practice that takes place in particular socio-cultural contexts. In this sense the shift of reading from the (paper) page to the screen, and the new socioeconomic circumstances in which it takes place, has an even greater impact on language learning. Reading from the screen is a less passive act of decoding a message from a single authoritative author and a more self-conscious act of accumulating or creating know-ledge from a variety of sources (Bolter, 1991).

Similar to the changes, learners need to make in their reading practices, changes are expected to be made in writing practices as well in pedagogi-cal contexts involving the Internet (Bolter, 1996). In much of the world, writing has been given little emphasis in English language courses, and if empha-sized at all, is seen as synonymous with the putting on paper of grammatically correct sentences (Rai-mes,1991). And indeed, this was sufficient for most learners’ needs prior to the information revolution of the 1970s. However, the rise of information, and the widespread use of computers and the Internet, dra-matically raised the profile of writing and the need for effective written communication.

The shifts in reading and writing practices neces-sitate the need for new curriculum frameworks/ap-proaches for teaching of English in Internet medium. Multi-literacy is significant as a framework for the teaching of English in an era of fast growing, fast changing information technology dominance.

ConclusionWith the rapid changes brought about by global-

ization and technological development, teachers of English need to understand that they are entering, or have already entered the biggest language/linguistic revolution ever. Many people have learned to meet the demands of the new Internet conditions, such as e-mails, chat groups, Web pages, etc. The e-prefix must have been used in hundreds of expressions of people on a daily basis.

The Oxford Dictionary of New Words had al-ready noted e-text, e-cash. e-books, e-conferences, e-voting, e-loan, e-newsletters, e-cards, e-shop, etc. However, it is impossible to know how many of these e-expressions which originated with the In-ternet will remain in long-term use in the English language. We can only recognize and describe lan-guage change once it has occurred.

Linguists have begun to investigate the linguis-tic properties of the so-called ‘electronic revolution’. The way in which the English language is being used on the Internet is different from previous linguistic behavior and should be described as revolutionary.

The continuing changes in the spread, recepti-on, interaction, sharing, and understanding of glo-bal information have altered the process of human and technological communication. It has created a necessity for linguists, especially language teachers, to fully understand the factors and their Internet in-fluence on the way the English language should now be taught.

Literature

1. Anderson-Inman L., & Horney M. A. (1998): Transforming text for at-risk readers. InD. Reinking, M. C. McKenna, L. D. Labbo, & R. D. Kieffer (Eds.), Handbook of literacy and technology: Transformations in a post-typographic world(pp. 15-43).Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

38

2. Bolter J. D. (1998): Hypertext and the question of visual literacy. In D. Reinking, M. C.McKenna, Cope, B., & Kalantzis, M. (Eds.). (2000). Multiliteracies: Literacy learningand the de-sign of social futures. London: Routledge

3. Fromkin V. et. al. (2004): An Introduction to Language (7th Edition.). Beijing: Peking University Press

4. Harnad S. (1991): Post-Gutenberg galaxy: The fourth revolution in the means of production and knowledge. Public-Access Computer Systems Review, 2(1), 39-53

5. Kress G. (1999): ‘English’ at the crossroads: Rethinking curricula of communication in the context of the turn to the visual. In G. E. Hawisher & C. Selfe (Eds.),Passions, pedagogies, and 21st century technologies (pp. 66-88). Logan, Utah: Utah StateUniversity Press.

6. Lemke J. L. (1998): Metamedia literacy: Transforming meanings and media. In D.Reinking, M. McKenna, L. Labbo, & R. D. Kieffer (Eds.), Handbook of literacy and technology: Transformations in a post-typographic world (pp. 283-301). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.

7. McKenna M. C. (1998): Electronic texts and the transformation of beginning reading.In D. Reinking, M. C. McKenna, L. D. Labbo, & R. D. Kieffer (Eds.), Handbook of literacy and technology: Transformations in a post-typorgraphic world(pp. 45-59).Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

8. Raimes A. (1991): Out of the woods: Emerging traditions in the teaching of writing.TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 407-430

9. Reinking D. (Ed.). (1998): Handbook of lit-eracy and technology: Transformations in a post-ty-pographic world . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

10. Snyder I. (Ed.). (1998): From page to screen. London: Routledge.

11. Tapscott D. (1998): Growing up digital: The Rise of the Net Generation. New York:McGraw-Hill

12. Warschauer, M., & Cook, J. (1999). Service learning and technology in TESOL. Prospect, 14(3), 32-39

O

enebis Seswavlis

revoluciuri saSualeba

rusudan gociriZe

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti

kostavas q. #77, 0175, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo

tel.: 593 301 342E-mail: rusudgo@yahoo.com

reziumestatia globalur konteqstSi ganixi­

lavs im revoluciur rols, romelsac

interneti asrulebs rogorc individebs

Soris komunikaciis, ise inglisuri enis

Seswavlis procesSi. codnis dasaufle­

blad inglisuri enis Semswavlelebi

saWiroeben axal unar­Cvevebs, xolo in­

glisuri enis maswavleblebi ki cod­

nas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra revoluciuri

gardaqmnebis uzrunvelyofaa SesaZle­

beli internetis saSualebiT enis Ses­

wavlis procesSi. statiaSi mocemulia

mcdeloba gaanalizdes internetis ze­

gavlena inglisuri enis Seswavlis pro­

cesze, aseve axali saswavlo gegmebis

saWiroeba kompiuteruli swavlebis kon­

teqstis gaTvaliswinebiT.

sakvanZo sityvebi: lingvisturi mediumi, informaci­

uli teqnologia, informaciul te­

qnologiebze dafuZnebuli revolucia,

fsiqolingvisturi procesebi, socio­

kulturuli konteqsti

39

Революционные методы изучения языка

Гоциридзе Русудан АрчиловнаГрузинский технический университетДепартамент либеральных наукУл. Костава 77, 0175, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 593 301 342E-mail:rusudgo@yahoo.com

РезюмеВ cтатье в глобальном контексте рассматрива-

ются вопросы о революционной роли интернета не только в процессах коммуникации между ин-

дивидами, но и в изучении английского языка. Ученики нуждаются в новых навыках, следова-тельно, учителя нуждаются в понимании рево-люционной роли интернета в процессе изучения английского языка. В статье предложена попытка проанализировать воздействие интернета на про-цесс изучения английского языка, также обсуж-дается потребность в новых учебных планах для изучения английского языка с учетом контекста компьютерного обучения.

Ключевые слова: Лингвистический медиум, информационная

технология, революция основанная на инфор-мационных технологиях, психолингвистические процессы, социо-культурный контекст.

40

LОбучение продуктивному суффиксальному словообразованию как средству обогащения лексического запаса студентов технических вузов

Зоранян Марина ГеоргиевнаГрузинский технический университетДепартамент либеральных наукУл. Костава, №77, 0175, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел. 593 783 826E-mail: marinaziger@gmail.com

РезюмеОбогащение лексического запаса студентов-

не филологов в основном связано с терминоло-гией и осуществляется в трех направлениях: а) обучение специальным техническим значениям хорошо известных общеупотребительных слов типа “go”, “run” и т.п., которые в специальной литературе часто приобретают специфические значения; б) изучение терминов в их широком научном значении; в) обучение продуктивному суффиксальному словообразованию или, точ-нее, декодированию производных слов. Работу с абсолютно продуктивными суффиксами, об-ладающими четко выраженной семантической общностью, рекомендуется проводить как в ре-цептивном, так и продуктивном плане. Что ка-сается продуктивных суффиксов, обладающих ограниченной словообразующей способностью и несущих менее четкую семантическую на-грузку, то работу с ними желательно проводить преимущественно в рецептивном плане. Предпо-чтительно максимум информации представлять в виде формул и таблиц.

Ключевые слова: термины, неологизмы, производные слова,

абсо лютно продуктивные суффиксы, стиль науч-ного изложения, декодирование производных слов, продуктивные упражнения, рецептивные упражнения.

ВступлениеЛексичесий состав современного английско-

го языка постоянно пополняется за счет заим-ствования, словообразования и изменения значе-ния слова. В результате появляется значительное количество неологизмов, т.е. слов и устойчивых словосочетаний, новых либо по форме, либо по содержанию (и по форме, и по содержанию) [Середа. 2011]. При этом новые слова создаются преимущественно в соответствии с продуктив-ными моделями данного языка. Согласно наблю-дениям в современном английском языке, около двух третей новых слов получены посредством аффиксации и словосложения. В обучении сту-дентов неязыковых вузов иностранному языку изучение продуктивного суффиксального слово-образования занимает значительное место.

Основная частьОбогащение лексического запаса студентов-

нефилологов в основном связано с терминоло-гией и осуществляется в трех направлениях.

1. Обучение специальным техническим значениям хорошо известных общеупотреби-тельных слов типа “go”, “run” и т. п., которые в специальной литературе часто приобретают специфичесие значения. Изучение этих значений совершенствует лексический запас студентов.

2. Изучение терминов в их широком на-учном значении (e.g. root as a) the part of a plant which is normally in the soili; b) basis, main parti; c) number multiplied by itself a certain number of times, produces another quantity. Узкое научное значение этих терминов (e.g. root in metallurgy as the top of welding seam).

3. Обучение продуктивному словообразо-ванию или, точнее, декодированию производных

41

слов. Усвоение производных слов, преимуще-ственно терминов. [Зоранян & Догонадзе, 2014: 114].

По важности и в количественном отношении первое направление уступает второму и третье-му. Второе и третье направления приблизитель-но равноценны. Однако в количественном отно-шении самым эффективным способом обогаще-ния лексического запаса студентов неязыковых вузов безусловно является изучение суффик-сального словообразования.

Стиль научного изложения должен быть ос-новным при обучении иностранному языку сту-дентов неязыковых специальностей, поскольку именно этот стиль они будут использовать и в устной речи, и при чтении текстов по специаль-ности.

В регистре научной речи языковые средства должны легко кодироваться, т.е. использовать-ся говорящим, и декодироваться, т.е. восприни-маться слушающим; в этом состоит основное требование к знаку.

При анализе научных текстов на первый план выдвигаются производные термины. Словообра-зовательный процесс в стиле научного изложе-ния в современном языке идет особенно активно в связи с быстрым развитием все новых и новых отраслей науки и техники. Поскольку основное количество новообразований в современном ан-глийском языке создается аффиксальным спосо-бом и путем словосложения [по данным Иванова таким образом создается 88% новых слов] [Ива-нов. 1980:39], то именно поэтому обучение сту-дентов-технарей продуктивному суффиксально-му словообразованию представляется особенно актуальным.

Основными свойствами терминов являются их клишированность, воспроизводимость, пол-ное отсутствие каких-либо коннотаций, одно-значность. Характер производного слова являет-ся одним из признаков функционального стиля. Синтагматическая особенность научного стиля определяется функцией сообщения, которая в

данном стиле является преобладающей. Продуктивность словообразовательного суф-

фикса зависит от структурных, лексико-грам-матических и семантических особенностей как корневой основы, так и самого суффикса. Кро-ме того, необходимо иметь в виду, что слово-образовательный суффикс может быть весьма продуктивным в какой-либо терминологической сфере и совершенно не употребляться в разго-ворной речи [Ильина и Кибасова. 2012].

Продуктивные суффиксы современного ан-глийского языка, встречающиеся в научно-тех-нической литературе, делятся на 2 основные группы [Зоранян. 2006 : 74-77]:

1. суффиксы, обладающие практически не-ограниченной словообразовательной способно-стью и несущие четкую семантическую нагруз-ку;

2. суффиксы с ограниченной словообразую-щей способностью и несущие менее четкую се-мантическую нагрузку.

В соответствии с особенностями суффиксов обеих групп, необходима дифференцированная методика обучения словообразованию, которая и предлагается в данной работе.

Даже об абсолютно продуктивных суффиксах (-er, -less, -able, -ness, - like) мы не можем сказать, что они образуют слова от любой основы в со-ответствии с данной моделью. Так что, усвоение производных слов является основной целью обу-чения словообразованию (производным словам, «декодированию моделей»).

Усвоение производных слов, преимуществен-но терминов, является одним из основных источ-ников обогащения лексического запаса студен-тов неязыковых вузов.

Необходимо четко разграничить цели об-учения словообразованию для рецептивной и продуктивной лексики. Для рецептивных целей студенты должны понимать значение произво-дных слов, в то время как для продуктивных це-лей студенты должны уметь составлять „новые“ слова, применяя известные словообразователь-

42

ные модели. Эти слова являются новыми (не-знакомыми) для них, студенты даже не уверены стопроцентно, что эти слова существуют, но они рискуют образовывать их с коммуникативными целями. Для продуктивных целей следует при-менять упражнения на образование слов лишь с абсолютно продуктивными суффиксами, так как с суффиксами, не являющимися более продук-тивными, риск „образования“ несуществующих слов слишком велик. Это, в свою очередь, может привести к фиксированию ошибки (так называ-емые fossilized errors) в памяти студентов. Для рецептивной же лексики нет таких ограничений: cлово бесспорно существует (раз оно употре-блено в тексте), а студенты должны всего лишь декодировать его. Этот тип упражнений может применяться к любым производным словам, не-зависимо от продуктивности суффикса.

Что касается продуктивных упражнений, их необходимо составлять осторожно, не провоци-руя студентов образовывать несуществующие слова (даже продуктивные суффиксы на самом деле образуют производные слова не от всех корней).

Если в художественной литературе, с целью усиления выразительности, существующие сло-вообразовательные модели могут подтолкнуть любого автора к созданию неологизмов, кото-рые, как правило, живут лишь в данном тексте и лишь изредка окончательно приживаются в языке (например, слово стушеваться, введенное в русский язык Достоевским, и слово интелли-генция, введенное Чеховым в русский язык, а впоследствии прижившееся и во многих других языках), то в нехудожественной литературе, осо-бенно, в научном стиле, новые слова могут воз-никать лишь с возникновением новых явлений (например, изобретений). Студенты не должны „изобретать“ несуществующие слова. Поэтому в обучении студентов, особенно, студентов-не-филологов, рекомендуется применять только

или преимущественно рецептивные упражнения для декодирования значения производных слов. [Зоранян & Догонадзе. 2014: 116].

При процессе обучения особое внимание следует уделять суффиксам первой группы, об-ладающим абсолютной продуктивностью и чет-ко выраженной семантической общностью (-er, -less, -able, -ness, - like). Работу с данными суф-фиксами следует проводить как в рецептивном (пассивный словарный запас), так и продуктив-ном (активный словарный запас) плане. Что ка-сается продуктивных суффиксов второй группы, обладающих ограниченной словообразующей способностью и несущих менее четкую семан-тическую нагрузку, то их усвоение также игра-ет значительную роль в обучении иностранному языку студентов-нефилологов. Однако, следует отметить, что работу с данными суффиксами желательно проводить преимущественно в ре-цептивном плане. Рецептивный словарный запас студентов, чьей специальностью не является ан-глийская филология, можно сделать практически неограниченным. Он может вырасти в несколько раз, если регулярно применять соответствующие разнообразные, преимущественно рецептивные упражнения. Так, например:

1. Переведите слова, содержащие ... суф-фикс, на английский язык.

2. Определите по суффиксу, какой частью речи являются данные слова. Сформулируйте дефиницию данного слова (дефиниция значения корня предложена).

3. Назовите суффиксы, с помощью которых образованы данные слова. ....., и т.д.

Заключение Работу с абсолютно продуктивными суффик-

сами, обладающими четко выраженной семан-

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тической общностью, рекомендуется проводить как в рецептивном, так и продуктивном плане. Что касается продуктивных суффиксов, облада-ющих ограниченной словообразующей способ-ностью и несущих менее четкую семантическую нагрузку, то работу с ними желательно прово-дить преимущественно в рецептивном плане.

Обучая иностранному языку судентов-не-филологов, не следует слишком увлекаться тео-ретической информацией из области филологии, поскольку она является более труднодоступной для них, как в отношении терминологии, так и в плане формы изложения. Предпочтительно мак-симум информации представлять в виде формул и таблиц.

Литература

1. Иванов А. Н. (1980): Морфология слова в аспекте номинации. Сборник научных трудов МГПИИЯ им. М.Тореза. Вып. 164 : 10-18

2. Зоранян М. & Догонадзе Н. (2014): Продуктивное суффиксальное словообразова-ние. Обучение суффиксальному словообразова-нию в стиле научного изложения (современный английский язык). Lambert Academic Publishing.Germany.

3. Ильина А. Н., Кибасова С. Г. (2012): Словообразование в современном английском языке: учебное пособие для студентов эко-номических специальностей. СПб. : Изд-во СПбГУЭФ.

4. Середа Л. М. (2011): Активные процес-сы словообразования в английских неологизмах. Материалы XII международных чтений, Гродно: ГрГУ: 257-265.

5. Зоранян М. (2006): Обучение продук-тивному суффиксальному словообразованию в неязыковых вузах. Приложение к журналу «Вестник» Академия образовательных наук

Грузии. Труды, 7, Тбилиси : Грузинский техни-ческий университет.:74-77.

Teaching Productive Word-Building on the Basis of Suffixation as a Means of Enriching Vocabulary of Students

Majoring in Technical Areas

Marina ZoranyanGeorgian Technical UniversityDepartment of liberal sciences77 Kostava st., 0175, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel. : 593 783 342E-mail: marinaziger@gmail.com

AbstractThe vocabulary of students majoring in technical

areas is mainly enriched due to dealing with termi-nology. It can be done in three ways: a) teaching spe-cific technical meanings of the well-known every-day-vocabulary words such as “go”, “run”, etc.; b) teaching terms in their wide-scientific meaning; c) teaching productive word-building on the basis of suffixation or to say more exactly, decoding derived words. The work with the absolutely productive suf-fixes which have clearly expressed semantic unity should be carried out in both planes, receptive and productive. As for the productive suffixes with re-stricted word-building ability and less clear-cut se-mantic load it is advisable to work with them mainly in receptive plane. It is preferable to present max-imum of information in the form of formulae and tables.

Keywords: terms, neologisms, derived words, absolutely pro-

ductive suffixes, scientific style, decoding of derived words, productive exercises, receptive exercises.

44

produqtiuli sufiqsuri

sityvawarmoebis swavleba

rogorc teqnikuri

specialobebis studentebis

leqsikuri maragis gamdidrebis

wyaro

marina zoraniani

saqarTvelos teqnikuri univrsiteti

liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti

kostavas q. #77, 0175, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel.: 593 783 826

E-mail: marinaziger@gmail.com

rezuimestudentebis, romelTa specialobac

ar aris filologia, leqsikuri maragis

gamdidreba ZiriTadad dakavSirebulia

terminologiasTan da xorcieldeba

sami mimarTulebiT: a) zogadi leqsikis

(“go”, “run” da a.S.) specialuri / teqnikuri

mniSvnelobebis Seswavla; b) terminebis

Seswavla maTi farTod­mecnieruli mni­

SvnelobiT; g) produqtiuli sufiqsu ri

sityvawarmoebis an, ufro zustad, nawar­

moebi sityvebis dekodirebis swavleba.

sasurvelia, sruliad produqtiul su­

fiqsebTan, romelTac aqvT mkveTrad

gamoxatuli semantikuri erToblioba,

muSaoba ganxorcieldes rogorc rece­

p tul, ise produqtiul planSi. rac

Seexeba SezRuduli sityvawarmoebiTi

unaris mqone produqtiul sufiqsebs,

romlebsac naklebad mkveTri semanti­

kuri datvirTva gaaCniaT, maTze muSaoba

sasurvelia Catardes ZiriTadad rece­

ptul planSi. SegviZlia, rekomendacia

mivceT pedagogebs, miawodon studentebs

informacia formulebisa da cxrilebis

saxiT.

sakvanZo sityvebi: terminebi, neologizmebi, nawarmoebi

sityvebi, absoluturad produqtiuli

sufiqsebi, samecniero Txrobis stili,

nawarmoebi sityvebis dekodireba,

produqtiuli savarjiSoebi, receptuli

savarjiSoebi.

45

inglisuri enis saxelmZRvaneloebis leqsikis

SerCevis principebi

manana ivaniseli

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti

kostavas q. #77, 0175, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 822 373 819

E-mail: ivaniseli.manana@yandex.ru

reziumestatiaSi ganxilulia inglisureno­

vani saxelmZRvaneloebisaTvis leqsi­

kuri maragis SerCevis meTodebi. meTo­

debis SerCeva damokidebulia pirobebsa

da moTxovnebaze, aseve swavlebis doneze.

swavlebisas studentebma unda aiTvison

axali leqsikuri erTeulebis formebi

da mniSvnelobebi da unda gamoiyenon

isini metyvelebis procesSi (rogorc

zepiri, aseve weriTi metyvelebisas).

gamoikveTa Sida principi: 1. senman­

tikuri principi, romelic gulisxmobs

im sityvaTa SerCevas, romlebic gamoxat­

aven im ZiriTad cnebebs, romlebic xSir­

ad xvdeba studenti; 2. sxva sityvebTan

mimarTebis principi; 3. stilistikuri

SezRudulobis principi; 4. sixSiris

principi; 5. sinonimebis gamoricxvis

principi; 6. sityvawarmoebis principi;

7. saerTaSoriso sityvaTa gamoricxvis

principi.

sakvanZo sityvebi:leqsika, principi, semantikuri, Se­

Tavsebadoba, studenti

Sesavalienis codna niSnavs misi struqturis

da sityvebis dauflebas. amdenad le­

qsika warmoadgens erT­erT aspeqts, rom­

lis Seswavlac xdeba umaRles saswav­

lebelSi.

Tanamedrove lingvistika ganixilavs

enas rogorc doneTa sxvadasxva rigisa­

gan Semdgar ierarqiul sistemas. yoveli

maTgani, Tavis mxriv, xasiaTdeba saku­

Tari enobrivi niSnebiT. Lleqsikur do­

neze funqcionirebs iseTi erTeulebi,

rogoricaa sityvebi, enaSi dafuZnebuli

gamoTqmebi, kliSeebi.

saxelmZRvanelosLleqsikuri masalis

SerCeva unda moxdes swavlebis do­

nis pirobebis da moTxovnebis gaTval­

iswinebiT. Sesaswavli Lleqsikuri mini­

mumi, rogorc eqsperimentebiT dastur­

deba, SegviZlia gavzardoT iqamde, sanam

studentebs SeeZlebaT misi damaxsovre­

ba, aTviseba da gamoyeneba damoukidebe­

li muSaobis dros.

saswavlo kursis mixedviT studenteb­

ma unda aiTvison am erTeulebis mniSvne­

lobebi, formebi da SeZlon maTi gamoy­

eneba sametyvelo aqtivobis sxvadasxva

saxeebSi, e.i. unda daeuflon eqspresi­

uli metyvelebis leqsikuri gaformebis

Cvevebs, SeZlon leqsikuri erTeulis

gageba mosmenisa da kiTxvisas.

ZiriTadi nawiliproduqtiuli sametyvelo aqtivobis

(laparaki,wera) ganxorcielebisas auci­

lebelia leqsikur­azrobrivi da leqsi­

kur­Tematikuri asociaciebis floba, axa­

li sityvebis ukve aTvisebul sityveb Tan

gamoyeneba; Cveulebrivi sityvebis arCeva

da gansakuTrebul sityvebTan SeTavseba;

antonimuri da sinonimuri jgufebidan

saWiro sityvebis amorCeva; ekvivalen­

46

tebis Senacvleba; prognozireba formi­

sa da Sinaarsis doneze; struqturis

gafarToebis da Semoklebis meqanizmis

floba; molaparakis individualur Ta­

viseburebebTan Segueba da swrafi reaq­

cia; enobrivi normebis dacviT sityvebis

swori gamoyeneba da sxva.

receptiuli sametyvelo aqtivobisaT­

vis (audireba, kiTxva) aucilebelia: mos­

menili masalis semantikasTan SeTavse­

ba; Sinagan artikulaciaze yuradRebis

naklebad gamaxvileba; msgavsi formisa

da JReradobis mqone sityvebis infor­

matoruli niSnebis mixedviT diferenci­

reba; omonimuri, sinonomuri da anton­

imuri movlenebis diferencireba; recep­

tiuli kombinirebis meqanizmis floba;

smeniTmotoruli saxiT grafikulis (da grafikuli smeniT­motorulis) dauy­

ovnebliv gansazRvra. Tu es Sesatyvi­

sobebi eqvemdebareba wesebs, studentebi aqtiurad sargebloben Semecnebis prog­

nozirebiTa da orientaciebiT axal an

ukve aTvisebul leqsikaze garkveuli

qmedebis unaris Camosayalibeblad.

enobriv eqspresiul Cvevebs miakuTvne­

ben zepir metyvelebaSi urTierTobaTa

sxvadasxva situaciebSi komunikaciis

miznebis mixedviT, intuiciurad swori

sityvebis gamoyenebis da sityvawarmoe­

bis Cvevebs.

aqedan gamomdinare leqsikuri sam­

etyvelo Cveva or ZiriTad komponents

Seicavs: sityvebis gamoyenebas da sityve­

bis warmoebas.

leqsikuri eqspresiuli sametyvelo

Cvevebis fsiqologiur safuZvlad gve­

vlineba leqsikuri avtomatizirebuli

dinamiuri kavSirebi, rogorc sityvebisa

da sityvaSeTanxmebebis semantikuri da

smeniT­sawarmoTqmo motorul nimuSTa

erToblioba.

Mmetyvelebis fsiqologiis monacemebi

gviCvenebs, rom sametyvelo leqsikuri

avtonomizmebi arsebiTad gansxvavdebian

gramatikulisagan. es gansxvaveba imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom leqsikuri Cvevebi xa­

siaTdebian ufro meti SegnebulobiT. me­

tyvelebaSi yvelaze metad SevimecnebT

Sinaarss, e. i. imas, rac unda iTqvas, rac

gamoixateba sityvaTa ama Tu im arCe­

vanSi, maT SeTanxmebaSi sxva sityvebTan

komunikaciis miznebisda mixedviT.

leqsikuri sametyvelo Cvevebis gar­

da gamoyofen aseve enobriv, anu arasam­

etyvelo komunikaciaTa leqsikuri masa­

lis operirebis diskursiul­leqsikur

Cvevebs: sityvaTa analizis CveviT op­

eraciebs, sityvawarmoebis operaciebs,

sityvaSeTanxmebebis konstruirebas. Mme­

tyvelebis leqsikuri nawilis srul

dauflebaSi igulisxmeba sametyvelo da

enobrivi leqsikuri Cvevebis daufleba.

ganviTarebuli sametyvelo Cvevis

mtki ced aTvisebis SesaZleblobebi mka­

crad gansazRvravs leqsikur masalas.

Lleqsikuri minimumis xelovnuri ga­

dideba uaryofiTad moqmedebs leqsikis

flobis xarisxze.

aqtiuri leqsikuri minimumi warmoad­

gens ZiriTad leqsikur bazas, romelmac

unda uzrunvelyos studentis SesaZleb­

loba gaigos sxvisi azri da gamoxatos

sakuTari azrebi, rogorc weriT, ise ze­

pir metyvelebaSi Targmnis gareSe.

leqsikuri masalis SerCevis mTavari

principebia:

1. semantikuri principi, rac gulisx­

mobs im mTavari cnebebis arCevas, rom­

lebTanac students uxdeba Sexvedra.

Aam principis mixedviT kerZo cnebebi

da specifikuri terminebi ar Sedian le­

qsikur minimumSi (gamonaklisia yvelaze

aucilebeli cnebebi, romlebsac ver

gamovxatavT sxva sityvebis saSualebiT,

aRweriT);

2. sxva sityvebTan mimarTebis prin­

47

cipi, romlis mixedviTac iseT sityvebs

miecemaT upiratesoba, romlebic sxva

sityvebTan ufro farTo Sesatyvisobis

unariT gamoirCevian. Ees aucilebelia,

im denad, ramdenadac aqtiuri leqsikis

SedarebiT SezRuduli raodenobis pi­

robebSi isini saSualebas gvaZleven

kargad gamovxatoT da ganvaviTaroT

sxva dasxva azri;

3. stilistikuri SezRudulobis prin­

cipi, e. i. sityvebis dayofa literatu­

rul, neitralur, salaparako da wigno­

brivi stilis sityvebad;

4. sixSiris principi (leqsikur mini­

mumSi Sedian sityvebi, romlebic ufro

xSirad gamoiyenebian saliteraturo­

salaparako enaSi);

5. sinonimebis gamoricxvis princi­

pi, rac gulisxmobs aqtiur leqsikur

minimumSi sinonimuri rigidan mxolod

erT­erTis, yvelaze ufro farTed gamo­

yenebadis Setanas;

6. sityvawarmoqmnis unaris principi,

romlis mixedviTac aqtiur minimumSi

unda Sediodes sityvawarmoqmnis una­

ris mixedviT yvelaze produqtiuli si­

tyvebi, e.i., romlebidanac afiqsebis sa­

SualebiT vawarmoebT yvelaze didi ra­

odenobis sityvebs;

7. warmoqmnili da rTuli interna­

cionaluri sityvebis gamoricxvis prin­

cipi, e. i. iseTi sityvebisa, romlebic

mTlianad emTxvevian SinaarsiT ucxour

sityvebs;

sityvaTa gamoyenebis sixSiris prin­

cipi warmoadgens sityvaTa SerCevisadmi

wminda lingvisturi midgomis magaliTs.

is sruliad obieqturia, ris gamoc

ufleba gvaqvs vTqvaT, rom is yvelaze

swori kriteriumia. es principi ganisaz­

Rvreba sityvaTa xmarebis SemTxvevebis

raodenobis daTvliT iseT masaleb­

Si, rogoricaa romanebi, moTxrobebi,

narkvevebi, gazeTebi, teqstebi da Jur­

nalebi.

kiTxvis Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis

WirdebaT e. w. `sityvaTa pasiuri mar­

agi~, amitom xdeba sxvadasxva dabeWdi­

li teqstebis gaanalizeba siTyvaTa

gamoyenebis sixSiris TvalsazrisiT.

salaparako Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis

ki saWiroa `sityvaTa aqtiuri maragi~.

am SemTxvevaSi analizisaTvis masalad

gamoiyeneba video da audio saSualebe­

bze Cawerili salaparako ena.

danarCeni principebi ufro didaqti­

kuri TvalsazrisiT arian saintereso.

isini swavlebis miznebs emsaxurebian.

zemoaRniSnuli principebis safuZ­

velze SerCeul sityvebs Semdeg or kla­

sad yofen:

1. sityvebi, romelTa meSveobiT Cven

vlaparakobT, anu struqturuli sityve­

bi;

2. sityvebi, romelTa Sesaxebac vla­

parakobT, anu e. w. ZiriTadi (azrobrivi)

sityvebi;

leqsikuri masalis SerCevis princi­

pebis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

isini SesaZloa sam urTierTdakavSire­

bul jgufad davyoT: I jgufi _ statis­

tikuri principebi; II jgufi _ meToduri

principebi; III jgufi _ lingvisturi

prncipebi.

pirveli jgufi aerTianebs principebs,

romlebic moqmedeben statistikuri niS­

nebisa da monacemebis mixedviT.

isini saSualebas gvaZleven ganvsaz­

RvroT leqsikuri erTeulebis raode­

noba da gamovyoT sityvebi, romlebic

yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba mocemul eno­

briv masalaSi.

am jgufSi Semavali principebidan Zi­

riTadia sixSirisa da gavrcelebulobis

principi. sixSiris cnebis xmarebisas

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs mocemul wyaroSi

48

ama Tu im sityvis xmarebis saerTo jami.

sixSiris princips ori nakli gaaC­

nia: 1) is gvaZlevs utyuar monacemebs

yvelaze xSirad xmarebuli sityvebis

pirveli aTasi erTeulis farglebSi. am

viwro raodenobrivi parametrebis iqiT

is kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas, ramde­

nadac SemdegSi sityvaTa gameorebadoba

umniSvneloa; 2) zogierTi sityvebi erT­

nairi sixSiriT gvxvdebian yvela wyaro­

Si, zogi ki SeiZleba uamravi raodeno­

biT gvxvdebodes erT wyaroSi, magram

saerTod ar moiZebnebodes meoreSi.

gavrcelebulobis princips gaaCnia

gansazRvruli sazomi SesaZleblobebi,

ramdenadac igi migviTiTebs wyaroSi si­

tyvis gamoCenis regularobaze da ara

mis xvedriT wonaze mocemul wyaroTa

raodenobaSi. amis gamo sityvaTa SerCev­

isas saWiroa sixSirisa da gavrcelebu­

lobis maCvenebelTa kompleqsuri gamoy­

eneba. maTematikuri aparati, romelsac

Tanamedrove lingvistika flobs, am

ori kriteriumis gansakuTrebulad

gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva: isini

gamoiyenebian ara rogorc damoukide­

beli an kidev erTmaneTis Semavsebeli

monacemebi, aramed rogorc sityvis Se­

fasebis saerTo amosavali maCvenebeli.

aseT saerTo maCveneblad gvevlineba

sityvaTa gamo yenebadoba, raSic iguli­

sxmeba sityvis Sexvedris sixSire wyaro­

Ta gansazRvrul raodenobaSi gansaz­

Rvruli sixSiriT. sityvaTa gamoyeneba­

doba TavisTavSi Seicavs sixSiresac

da gavrcelebulobasac, rogorc erTi

maCveneblis or Tanasworuflebian kom­

ponents. misi gamoTvla xdeba special­

uri formuliT, e.w. stabilurobis koe­

ficientiT, romelic sityvaTa gamoy­

enebis sazomad gvevlineba.

swored gamoyenebadoba iZleva sityva­

Ta aucilebel daxasiaTebas, romelsac

ucxouri enebis swavlebis meTodika iy­

enebs saorientaciod.

stabilurobis koeficienti ar gvev­

lineba sityvaTa gamoyenebadobis erTad­

erT sazomad. am mxriv gansazRvruli

SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia e.w. arsebulo­

bis princips (adamianis SegnebaSi gamoi­

yofa SedarebiT farTod gamoyenebadi

sityvebi, romlebic mocemulia mis gon­

ebaSi da mudmiv mzadyofnaSia metyvele­

baSi gamosayeneblad).

principebis meore jgufis orienta­

cia xdeba swavlebis miznebze da aqedan

gamomdinare sityvaTa mikuTvnebaze ama

Tu im TemasTan, rac programaSia fiq­

sirebuli. Aam jgufSi dadgenil Temati­

kasTan kavSiris principis garda Sedian

cnebaTa aRweris da agreTve sematikuri

principebi. Ees ukanaskneli principi

gulisxmobs leqsikur minimumSi iseTi

sityvebis Setanas, romlebic ara mxo­

lod Seesatyvisebian Sesaswavl Tema­

tikas, aramed gamoxataven mis yvelaze

mniSvnelovan cnebebs.

mesame jgufSi Sedian lingvisturi,

kerZod ki sityvaSeTanxmebis, sityvaT­

warmoqmnis da mravlmniSvelobianobis

principebi.

daskvnaromeli principiT unda visargebloT

leqsikuri masalis SerCevisas ama Tu im

konkretul SemTxvevaSi, damokidebulia

iseT faqtorebze, rogoricaa swavlebis

miznebi, pirobebi, minimumis moculoba,

aqtiur marags miekuTvneba sityva Tu pa­

siurs da sxva.

aqtiuri leqsikis SerCevisas gamoi­

yeneba I da II jgufebis principebi da

agreTve III jgufis zogierTi principi,

49

rogoricaa sinonimTa gamoricxva, Se­

Tanxmeba, sityvaTwarmoqmna, mravalmniS­

vnelobianoba.

pasiuri leqsikis SerCevisas gamoiy­

eneba I jgufis principebi da agreTve

sityvaTa semantikuri sityvaTwarmomqm­

neli SesaZleblobebi, maTi mravalmniS­

vnelobianoba da ama Tu im TemasTan mi­

kuTvneba.

rac Seexeba leqsikis SerCevis proce­

duras, pasiur leqsikaze muSaoba xdeba

weriTi wyaroebidan sityvebis amorCe­

viT. Aaqtiur leqsikaze muSaobisas ki,

sityvebs varCevT weriTi dialoguri me­

tyvelebis analizis safuZvelze, anda

salaparako­literaturuli metyvelebis

safuZvelze, romelic Cawerilia bune­

briv situaciaSi.

literatura

1. “inglisuri enis swavlebis meTo­

dika” m. kraveiSvili ganaTleba 1979 w.

2. Шатилов Е. (1974): Иностранные языки в школе

Principles English Textbooks and its Vocabulary Selection

Manana IvaniseliGeorgian Technical UniversityDepartment of Liberal Sciences77 Kostava str., 0175, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 822 373 819E-mail: ivaniseli.manana@yandex.ru

AbstractThe article deals with the methods of selecting

vocabulary for English textbooks. Selection meth-

ods depend on conditions, requirements, as well as the level of education. During the course students should acquire the forms and meaning of new lexical units and they should use them in their own speech (oral and writing). As a result of this work the fol-lowing principles of selecting vocabulary have been identified: 1)semantic principle which means select-ing words which express the main notions students often come across with; 2) Principle of compatibil-ity with other words; 3)The principle of stylistically limited words; 4) The principle of frequency; 5)The principle of excluding synonyms; 6)The principle of wordbuilding; 7)The principle of excluding inter-national words.

Keywords:Vocabulary, principle, semantical, accordance,

student.

Принципы выбора лексики учебников английского языка

Иванисели МананаГрузинский Технический УниверситетДепартамент либеральных наукУл. Костава №77, 0175, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел: 822 373 819 E-mail: ivaniseli.manana@yandex.ru

РезюмеВ статье рассматриваются методы подбора

лексического материала для англоязычных учеб-ников. Подбор методов зависит от условий и тре-бований, а также от уровня обучения. Во время курса обучения студенты должны усвоить формы и зтачения новых лексических едениц и должны использовать их в собственной речи (как уст-ной, так и письменной). Выделено следующих 7 принципов: 1) семантический принцип, который подразумевает подбор тех слов, которые выража-

50

mecnierebisa da xelovnebis progresi da eTika

dodo labuCiZe

grigol robaqiZis saxelobis

universiteti

filosofiisa da socialur

mecnierebaTa kvleviTi instituti

j. bagrationis q. #6, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 591 605 948

E-mail: dodolaboutchidze@yafoo.fr; dodolaboutchidze@mail.ru

reziumewinamdebare statiaSi warmodgenilia

franguli ganmanaTleblobis Tval­

saCino warmomadgenlis Jan Jak rusos

(1712­1778) mosazrebebi mecnierebisa da

xelovnebis progresis Sesaxeb. ruso

sakiTxs ganixilavs eTikis WrilSi, ar

uaryofs progresis rols Tavad mecnie­

rebebisa da xelovnebebis ganviTarebaSi.

rusos survilia, rom mecnierebisa da

xelovnebis progresi iyos sazogadoe­

bis zneobrivi da samoqalaqo ganviTare­

bis sawindari.

sakvanZo sityvebi: progresi, siqvele, ganmanaTlebloba,

mecniereba, xelovneba, ganaTleba, zneo­

ba, sibrZne, civilizacia, harmoniuli

sazogadoeba.

Sesavali mecnierebisa da xelovnebis sxvadasxva

dargis progresis mniSvnelobis warmosa­

Cenad safrangeTis akademiebi (romelTa

ricxvi XVIII saukuneSi ormocs aRwevda)

yovelwliurad acxadebdnen sakonkur­

so Temebs. 1749 wels diJonis akademiis

mier gamocxadebuli sakonkurso Temis

pasuxad, konkursis monawileebs unda

epasuxaT kiTxvaze: `Seuwyo Tu ara xeli

mecnierebisa da xelovnebis ganviTare­

bam zne­CveulebaTa gaumjobesebas~. erTi

wlis Semdeg akademiiis mier dawesebu­

li premia miekuTvna rusos naSroms _

`msjeloba mecnierebisa da xelovnebis

Sesaxeb~. ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da xe­

lovnebis progresis Sesaxeb Tavis naa­

zrevs rusom sxva siRrme da Teoriuli

safuZvlianoba mianiWa, brwyinvale lite­

raturuli forma misca da gansjisaTvis

farTo sazogadoebas mcire moculobis

traqtatis saxiT SesTavaza.

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis reorgani­

zaciisa da adamianTa Soris gonivruli

urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis mizniT

frangi ganmanaTleblebi udides mniS­

vnelobas aniWebdnen adamianTa mTeli

masis ganaTlebas, sazogadoebis evolu­

ciis pirobad ki mecnierebisa da xelov­

nebis progress miiCnevdnen. rusos Rrma

rwmeniT, xsenebul progress aseve unda

Seewyo xeli sazogadoebis moraluri

ganspetakebisTvisac, radgan gonivruli

bednierebis idealis ganxorcieleba

[mxolod] adamianTa keTili bunebrivi

instinqtebis ganviTarebiT miiRweva. Se­

sabamisad, rusom sakiTxi ganixila eTi­

kis, sazogadoebrivi Segnebis erT­erTi

formis, WrilSi da dasmul kiTxvas ua­

ryofiTi pasuxi gasca.

imxanad franguli sinamdvilisaTvis

rusos analizi iSviaT gamonakliss

warmoadgenda, radgan mecnierebisa da

xelovnebis uaryofiT gavlenaze lapa­

raki araTu moulodneli, aramed Zalze

ucnauri, paradoqsuli gaugebroba iyo.

bizantiaSi konstantines taxtis dace­

mis Semdeg, `Zveli saberZneTis narCene­

bi italiaSi iqna gadatanili, am Zvir­

fasi nadavliT, Tavis mxriv, safrangeTic

gamdidrda. literaturas maleve mohyva

mecnierebebi, weris xelovnebas azrovne­

51

bis xelovneba daemata~*; yovelive aman

didad Seuwyo xeli mecnierebisa da xe­

lovnebis progress. `Tavisuflebisa da

adamianis uflebaTa qomagad~ wodebuli

rusos wrfeli survili nakarnaxevi

iyo `Tavisuflebis im dasabamieri bu­

nebrivi grZnobis~ aRorZinebiT, bevrad

ufro didi Zalmosilebis mqone mec­

niereba da xelovneba adamianebs monu­

ri yofis siyvaruls rom `aiZulebdnen

da civilizebulad wodebul xalxebad

gardaqmnidnen~**. Jan Jak ruso mtruli

publikaciebis uSualo samizned iqca;

gamoqveynda rusos sapasuxo publikacie­

bic. 1752 wels (diJonis akademiis mware

gakveTilis Semdeg) franguli akademiis

kategoriuli moTxovniT gamocxadda

sakonkurso Tema: `wignierebis siyvaru­

li siqvelis siyvarulis STamagonebe­

lia~.

ZiriTadi nawili ruso ar uaryofs progresis rols

Tavad mecnierebisa da xelovnebis gan­

viTarebaSi. msjelobis dasawyisSive

igi wers: `saerTod ar Seuracxvyof

mecnierebas; me vicav siqveles qve­

li adamianebis winaSe. patiosneba bev­

rad ufro Zvirfasia keTilsindisieri

adamianebisaTvis, vidre ganswavluloba

swavlulTaTvis~.***magram, raki eTikuri

Teoriebis didi nawili moqmedebis mo­

ralurobas, faqtobivad, misi ganxorcie­

lebis motivebiT afasebs, amdenad, rusos

survilia, rom mecnierebisa da xelovne­

bis progresi iyos sazogadoebis zneo­

brivi da samoqalaqo ganviTarebis sawin­

dari. misi debulebis Tanaxmad, mecniere­debulebis Tanaxmad, mecniere­mecniere­

bisa da xelovnebis progresis kvalo­ progresis kvalo­

baze siqvelis SesanarCuneblad adamia­ siqvelis SesanarCuneblad adamia­

* Jan Jak ruso (2014): `msjeloba mecnierebisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb~, `agora~. Tbilisi. gv. 31. ** ix. iqve, gv. 33*** ix. iqve, gv. 27

nebi kvlav bunebas unda dauaxlovdnen,

radgan bunebriv mdgomareobaSi myofi

adamiani Tavisufali, keTili, yvela sxva

adamianTa Tanaswori iyo; mecnierebisa

da xelovnebis ganviTarebis Sedegad

adamianebi TandaTan daSordnen bunebas,

maT urTierTobaSi TandaTan gabatonda

xelovnuroba da pirferoba, Tavi iCina

egoizmma, cinizmma, borotebam. im zRvars

ki, romelsac progresis kvalobaze mec­progresis kvalobaze mec­mec­

niereba da xelovneba avlebda adamiansa

da bunebas Soris, sazogadoebaSi Tavi­

suflebis, adamianTa Soris odindeli

wrfeli da uangaro urTierTobebis

gauCinareba mohyva. amgvari refleqsie­

bis Semdeg, bunebiTi yofis qomagi ruso

gulistkiviliT aRniSnavs, rom mecnie­

rebisa da xelovnebis progresiT ada­

mianTa bednierebas araferi Sematebia

da sinanuliT dasZens: `aRarcAwrfeli

megobrobaa, aRarc namdvili pativiscema,

aRarc upirobo ndoba. eWvi, undobloba,

SiSi, gulcivoba, faruli azrebi, TavSe­

kaveba, siZulvili, Ralati gamudmebiT

imalebian Tavazianobis im erTgvarovani

da veragi, esoden qebuli zrdilobis sa­

farqveS, Cveni saukunis ganaTlebas rom

unda vumadlodeT~.****

Tavisi drois sazogadoebrivi cxo­

vrebis mwvave kritikosi ruso Zalze

mkveTr mosazrebas gamoTqvams imis Se­

saxeb, Tu rogor gaixrwna adamianis

suli mecnierebisa da xelovnebis sru­

lyofilebis zrdis kvalobaze; `rac

ufro Zlierdeboda maTi [mecnierebisa

da xelovnebis] sinaTle Cvens horizont­

ze, miT ufro uCinardeboda siqvele; [...]

zneTa xrwnam ki gemovnebis siwminde Se­

bRala; xelovnebisa da mecnierebis ga­

naxlebis Semdeg Cven gvyavs fizikosebi,

geometriis specialistebi, qimikosebi, as­

tronomebi, poetebi, musikosebi, mxatvrebi,

Tumca moqalaqeebi aRar gvyavs; an, Tu

****ix. iqve,, gv.38.

52

kidev SemorCnen, gaveranebul soflebSi

mimofantulni, iq iRupebian upativcemu­

lobasa da siRatakeSi~*. gansakuTrebiT

mkveTrad ilaSqrebs ruso sakuTar WeS­

maritebaSi darwmunebuli im usargeblo

da warumatebeli, medrove enamWevrebis

winaaRmdeg, romlebic `damRupveli para­

doqsebiT SeiaraRebulni yoveli mxridan

gviteven, Tavad rwmenis safuZvlebs Zirs

uTxrian da siqveles spoben. maT guli­

samrevad eRimebaT am Zveli sityvebis _

samSoblo, religia _ gagonebaze, TavianT

niWsa da filosofias warmarTaven yove­

live imis ngrevisa da Selaxvisaken, rac

ki sakraluria adamianebisaTvis~** da mi­

marTavs ZlierT ama qveynisaT: `Zlierno

ama qveynisano! giyvardeT talantebi da

mfarveloba gauwieT maT, vinc mecniere­

basa da xelovnebas ganaviTareben~!***

amgvari refleqsiebis Semdeg, imis sur­

viliT, rom mecnierebisa da xelovnebis

progresi, imavdroulad, sazogadoebis

zneobrivi ganviTarebis sawindaric iyos,

ruso wers: ̀ ra sasiamovno iqneboda cxo­

vreba CvenSi, garegnuli saxe mudam namd­

vil sulier ganwyobaTa gamoxatuleba

rom yofiliyo, zrdiloba _ siqvelisa,

Cveni maqsimebi _ qcevis saxelmZRvanelo

wesebisa, WeSmariti filosofia ki _ fi­

losofosis saxelisagan ganuyofeli!~****.

msjelobis dasaruls ruso mimarTavs

ubralo sulTa umaRles mecnierebas si­

qveles _ umaRles sikeTes, pirovnebis

struqturis abstraqtul komponents,

romelsac mediduri mecniereba safrT­

xes uqadis da kiTxulobs: `nuTu marT­

lac amdeni Zalisxmevaa saWiro Sens Se­

sacnobad? nuTu Seni principebi yvelas

gulSi ar aris aRbeWdili? nuTu Seni

kanonebis Sesacnobad sakuTar TavSi

CaRrmaveba da sindisis xmisTvis yuris

* ix. iqve, gv. .43.** ix. iqve, gv. .82-83.*** ix. iqve, gv. .33.**** ix. iqve, gv. .35.

migdebac ar kmara, roca vnebebi duman?

ai, namdvili filosofia, viswavloT mi­

siT kmayofileba; da swavlulTa re­

spublikaSi ukvdavyofili adamianebis­

admi SuRlis gareSe SevecadoT, maTsa

da Cvens Soris davadginoT is sapatio

gansxvaveba, odesRac or did xalxs So­

ris rom SeiniSneboda: erTma maTganma

kargad laparaki icoda, meorem ki _ kar­

gad moqmedeba~.***** ori didi xalxis saxiT

rusos nagulisxmevi hyavs berZnebi da

romaelebi.

ase ganiazra Jan Jak rusom zemoT

dasmuli sakiTxis problemuroba. mog­

vianebiT, rusos xsenebuli traqtati or

sxva traqtatTan [igulisxmeba `msjelo­

ba adamianTa Soris uTanasworobis dasa­

bamisa da safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~ (1755) da

`sazogadoebrivi xelSekruleba~ (1762)]

erTad, azrovnebis istoriaSi rusoizmis

saxeliT Sevida. franguli sociolo­

giis fuZemdebelma emil diurkemma swo­

red maTi avtorobis safuZvelze uwoda

rusos `sociologiis winamorbedi~. ru­

sos ideebma udidesi zegavlena moaxdina

Semdgomi periodis mravali qveynis, maT

Soris XVIII­XIX saukuneebis qarTuli kul­

turis, mwerlobisa da filosofiuri azrov­

nebis ganviTarebaze; am periodis qarTuli

mwerlobisa da filosofiuri azrovnebis

aRorZineba, arsebiTad, ̀ evropeizmis~ danerg­

vis mosurne progresulad moazrovne sasu­

liero da saero pirTa saganmanaTleblo­

mTargmnelobiTma moRvaweobam ganapiroba.

rusos traqtatebi, romelTac dRemde ar

daukargavT SemecnebiTi Rirebuleba da

aqtualoba, iswavleba dasavleT evropis,

amerikisa da saqarTvlos mravali uni­

versitetis sxvadasxva fakultetze.

***** ix. iqve, gv. 127-129.

53

daskvnaSejamebis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

yoveli didi moRvawe Tavisi epoqis

pirmSoa. ruso, romelic azrovnebis is­

toriaSi Sevida rogorc Tavisi drois

kulturisa da sazogadoebrivi cxov­

rebis mwvave kritikosi, im moazrovneTa

rigs ganekuTvneba, romlebic, qarTveli

filosofosis Tamaz buaCiZis Tanaxmad,

`gamoTqvamen erTi SexedviT moulodnel,

ucnaur, paradoqsul azrebs da TiTqos

uxveven gakvaluli gzidan. mere aRmoCn­

deba xolme, rom maT SeumCneviaT iseTi

ram, rac adre SemCneuli ar iyo da Cvens

azrovnebas aiZuleben ufro Rrmad, sa­

fuZvlianad da mravalmxrivad ikvlios

problemebi~*.

literatura :

1. ruso J. J. `msjeloba mecnierebisa

da xelovnebis Sesaxeb~, agora. Tbilisi,

2014.

2 Dictionnaire de philosophie, Larousse, 2001.3. Crogiez Michèle, Rousseau et le paradoxe,

Champion, 1999.4. Trousson Raymond, J. J. Rousseau. Mémoire de

la critique, Presses universitaires de la Sorbonne, 2000.

Прогресс и этика науки и исскуства

Лабучидзе Додо АкакиевнаУниверситет им. Гр. РобакидзеИнститут философии и социальных наукул. Дж. Багратиони №6, Тбилиси, Грузия.Тел. 891 605 948E-mail: dodolaboutchidze@yahoo.fr dodolaboutchidze@mail.ru

* Jan Jak ruso, `sazogadoebrivi xelSekruleba~, Sesavali, gv. 8.

Резюме В статье рассмотрены рефлексии виднейшего

представителя французского Просвещения Ж.Ж. Руссо (1712-1778) о прогрессе науки и исску-ства. Автором вопрос рассмотрен с точки зрения этики. Руссо не отрицает роль прогресса в раз-витии науки и исскуства. Высказывает желаемую мысль о том, что прогресс науки и исскуства должен содействовать прогрессу общественной нравственности и гражданским навыкам.

Ключевые слова: Демократия, децентрализация власти, иннова-

ция, законодательная система, судебная власть, исполнительная власть, социальный строй.

The Progress and Ethics of Science and Art

Dodo LabuchidzeGrigol Robakidze State UniversityInstitute Of Philosophy and Social Sciences6, St. of J. Bagrationi, Tbilisi GeorgiaMobile number:891.605.948E-mail: dodolaboutchidze@yahoo.fr dodolaboutchidze@mail.ru

AbstractThe paper represents the considerations of the rep-

resentative of French Enlightenment – Jean-Jacques Rousseau about the progress of science and ethics. Rousseau discusses the question from the viewpoint of ethics without ignoring the role of progress in the development of science and art. Rousseau wishes the progress of science and art to be the precondition of moral and civil development of the society..

Keywords: progress, Enlightenment, science, art, education,

moral, wisdom, civilization, harmonic society.

54

msoflios kulturuli suraTis gansazRvreba

medea svani

saqarTvelos universiteti

enebis departamenti

kostavas q. #77 a, 0175, Tbilisi,saqarTvelo

tel.: 597 755 127E-mail: medea_svani@yahoo.com

reziumestatiaSi kultura ganixileba rogorc

adamianebis TanamSromlobis produqti

­ maTi koleqtiuri Tanaarsebobis, we­

sebisa da adaTebis sistema. aRniSnuli

sistema iqmneba garkveul teritoriaze

adamianebis Tanacxovrebis, ekonomikuri

saqmianobisa da gareSe mtrisgan erTo­

blivi Tavdacvis mizniT. Sesabamisad,

adamianebi iziareben saerTo warmod­

genebs samyaros, cxovrebis wesis, urT­

ierTobis, Cacmulobis, kulinariisa da

a.S. Sesaxeb.

samyaros kulturuli suraTi

specifikuri da gansxvavebulia sx­

vadasxva erebisaTvis, rac gamowveulia

Semdegi faqtorebiT: geografiiT, kli­

matiT, garemoTi, istoriiT, socialuri

struqturiT, rwmenebiT, tradiciebiT,

cxovrebis wesiT da a.S. garda amisa,

TiToeuli istoriuli epoqa ayalibebs

samyaros miseul suraTs.

kulturaTa Soris kavSirebis ganvi­

Tareba xels uwyobs maT Soris sxvaobis

gaqrobas, rac moitana meoce saukunem ­

kompiuterizaciis epoqam.

sakvanZo sityvebi: kultura, warmodgena samyaroze,

cxovrebis wesi, samyaros suraTi, rwmene­

bi, tradiciebi.

Sesavalikultura adamianebis erToblivi si­

cocxlisunarianobis produqtia, es

aris maTi koleqtiuri Tanacxovrebis

SeTanxmebuli saSualebebis, mowesrige­

buli normebis, wesebis sistema. Mmoce­

muli sistema formirdeba adamianebis

garkveul teritoriaze erTad xan­

grZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi cxovrebis

Sedegad, sameurneo saqmianobisas,

ucxo mtrisagan Tavdacvis mizniT. es

yvelaferi adamianebSi ayalibebs erTian

msoflmxedvelobas, cxovrebis saerTo

wess, urTierTobis maneras, Cacmulobis

specifikas, kulinariis Taviseburebebs

da a. S.

magram yoveli eTnikuri kultura ar

warmoadgens Sesabamisi eTnosis adami­

anebis sicocxlisunarianobis aqtebis

meqanikur jams. Mmis birTvs Seadgens

,,wesebis nakrebi~ romlebic Camoyal­

ibda maTi koleqtiuri Tanacxovrebis

procesSi. adamianis biologiuri Ta­

viseburebebisagan gansxvavebiT es ,,Tama­

Sis wesebi~ ar aris genetikuri memkvi­

dreoba, aramed maTi aTviseba xdeba das­

wavlis gziT. am mizeziT SeuZlebelia

erTiani universaluri kulturis arse­

boba, romelic gaaerTianebs yvela ada­

mians dedamiwaze.

ZiriTadi nawilijer kidev Zvelma moazrovneebma

(herodotem, Tukididem), romlebic da­

kavebulni iyvnen istoriuli aRwerebiT,

SeniSnes, rom yovel kulturas aqvs

specifikuri niSnebi, romlebic ganasx­

vaveben mas sxva xalxebis kulturisagan.

izrdeba ra cxovrebis specifikur pi­

robebSi (geografiuli, istoriuli, te­

55

qnologiuri, yofiTi da a. S.), kultura

ayalibebs Tavis istorias, SeimuSavebs

Tavis enas, Tavis msoflmxedvelobas.

kulturis yofierebis mTeli simdidre,

eris arsebobis erTianoba gansazRvravs

samyaros Secnobisa da masSi arsebobis

xerxs. samyaros am specifikuri xedvis

Sedegi, romelSic binadrobs adamiani,

aris swored msoflios kulturuli su­

raTi.

msoflios kulturuli suraTi aris

erToblioba racionaluri codnisa da

warmodgenebisa sakuTari kulturisa

da sxva xalxebis kulturaTa faseu­

lobebis, normebis, wes­Cveulebebis, men­

talitetis Sesaxeb, es aris sistema war­

modgenebisa samyaros mowyobis, codnisa

da masSi adamianis adgilis Sesaxeb.

msoflios kulturuli suraTi Ta­

vis gamoxatulebas hpovebs kulturu­

li movlenebis mimarT gansxvavebul

damokidebulebaSi, moicavs pirovnebis,

misi sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis

Sesaxeb warmodgenebs Tavisuflebasa

da Tanasworobaze, Rirsebaze; agreTve

sikeTesa da borotebis Sesaxeb warmod­

genebs, uflebebsa da Sromis Sesaxeb,

ojaxisa da seqsualuri urTierTobebis,

Taviseburebebs; istoriis mimdinareo­

bis, axalisa da Zvelis urTierTobas.

sikvdilisa da sulis Sesaxeb warmod­

genebs. msoflios kulturuli suraTi

gadaecema Taobidan Taobas, ganicdis

transformacias sazogadoebis ganviTa­

rebasTan erTad, igi amouwuravia Sinaar­siT da warmoadgens adamianis qcevis

safuZvels.

ama Tu im eris kulturis Tavise­

burebebi SeiZleba gamovlindes ada­

mianTa cxovrebis sxvadasxva aspeqtSi:

biologiuri, materialuri an suli­

eri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaSi,

qcevis bunebriv CvevebSi, Cacmisa da

sacxovrisis tipebSi, samuSao iaraRis

saxeobebSi, SromiTi operaciebis xe­

rxebSi da a. S.

kulturuli suraTi yalibdeba imis

mixedviT, Tu ras niSnavs samyaro ada­

mianisaTvis, romelic cxovrobs masSi

da yvelaze primitiul sasicocxlo

moTxovnilebebsac ki adamiani ikmayofi­

lebs mkacrad gansazRvruli wesiT.

seriozuli kulturuli gansxvavebe­

bia sxvadasxva xalxebSi sakvebis miRebis

processa da mis raodenobaSi, magidas­

Tan qcevis wesebSi, stumris mimarT yu­

radRebis gamovlenaSi da a. S. ikmayofi­

lebs ra SimSils da wyurvils, adamiani

icavs damkvidrebul tradiciebs, rac

damaxasiaTebelia misi kulturisaTvis:

igi iyenebs gansazRvrul sagnebs, mis­

devs momzadebis gansakuTrebul pro­

cedurebs da sakvebis miRebis rituals.

trapezi, amgvarad, adamianisTvis iZens

gansakuTrebul ritualur da simbolur

mniSvnelobas.

magaliTad, rusebs tradiciisamebr

pirdapir magidasTan mihyavT stumari,

rac akvirvebs amerikelebs, vinaidan maT­

Tan vaxSams win uswrebs saubari Rvinis

bokaliT xelSi da msubuqi sakvebi. magi­

dasTan rusebs TiToeuli stumrisaTvs

TefSze miaqvT mravalferovani saWmeli

da cxeli ulufa maSin, roca amerika­

Si saWmels gadaawodeben wreze, raTa

TiToeulma stumarma gadaiRos Tavis

TefSze saWiro raodenobis ulufa. rusi

diasaxlisebi Zalian cdiloben kargad

gamokvebon stumrebi, rac amerikelebis

kulturisaTvis miuRebelia.

adamianis rogorc gansazRvruli

kulturis subieqtis yoveli sasicocx­

lo gamovlineba fiqsirdeba ama Tu im

wes­CveulebebiT, ritualebiT, norme­

biT, romlebic arian kulturis mniS­

vnelovani komponentebi da aregulire­

ben adamianis sicocxlisunarianobis

56

droisa da sivrciT procesebs.

xSirad erebi, romlebic cxovro ben

msgavs geografiul pirobebSi, erTma­

neTis mezoblad saxlebs aSeneben

sxva dasxvagvarad. Crdiloeli rusebi

tradiciulad saxlebs aSeneben quCisken

gverdulad, xolo samxreTelebi – quCis

gaswvriv. balyarelebi, osebi da yara­

Caelebi mravali saukunea cxovroben

kavkasiaSi erTmaneTis mezoblad, Tumca

erTni aSeneben qvis erTsarTulian sax­

lebs, meoreni _ orsarTulians, xolo

mesameni ki – xis saxlebs.

adamianis cxovreba amouwuravad mdi­

daria, mravalwaxnaga da mravalfeniania.

misi zogierTi momenti, gansakuTrebiT

isini, romlebic dakavSirebulia pirve­

lad SegrZnebebTan, dabadebuli adamia­

nis samyaroSi realizebis pirvel mcde­

lobebTan, ar eqvemdebareba racionalur

kontrols da warmoiqmneba gauTviTc­

nobiereblad. amitom cneba ,,msoflios

kulturuli suraTi~ gamoiyeneba sity­

vis farTo da viwro gagebiT.

msoflios kulturuli suraTis vi­

wro gagebaSi, Cveulebriv, moiazreben

pirvelad intuicias, nacionalur ar­

qetipebs, gamomsaxvelobiT wyobas, droi­

sa da sivrcis aRqmis xerxebs, ,,naTel~,

magram daudasturebel mtkicebulebebs,

aramecnierul codnas. mis farTo gage­

baSi, garda CamoTvlili elementebisa,

moiazreben mecnierul codnasac.

msoflios kulturuli suraTi spe­

cifikuria da gansxvavdeba sxvada sxva

xalxebSi. es ganpirobebulia mTeli

rigi faqtorebiT: geografiiT, klima­

tiT, bunebrivi pirobebiT, istoriiT,

socialuri wyobiT, aRmsareblobiT,

tradiciebiT, cxovrebis wesiT da a. S.

garda amisa, yovel istoriul epoqas

aqvs Tavisi msoflio suraTi, Tanac ar­

cerTi maTgani ar hgavs erTmaneTs.

Tumca SeiZleba gamovyoT msoflios

universaluri suraTi, romelic axasi­

aTebs kacobriobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom

igi metad abstraqtuli iqneba. amgvarad,

yvela adamians axasiaTebs, rogorc Cans,

TeTrisa da Savis binaruli opozicia,

magram erTi jgufisaTvis TeTri iqneba

dadebiTi sawyisis _ sicocxlis, xolo

Savi – uaryofiTi sawyisis – sikvdilis

Sesabamisi; meore jgufisTvis ki, magali­

Tad, CinelebisTvis, piriqiT. nebismier

ers Tavisi eqneba warmodgena sikeTesa

da borotebaze, normebsa da faseulobe­

bze, magram yovel ers es warmodgenebi

eqneba gansxvavebuli.

msoflios suraTi yvela pirovnebas

aseve eqneba Tavisi da, upirveles yov­

lisa, igi damokidebuli iqneba mis xa­

siaTze: sangviniks igi erTgvari aqvs,

flegmatiks – sruliad sxvagvari.

unda gaviTaliswinoT aseve, rom

msoflios suraTi damokidebulia enaze,

romelzec saubrobs misi matarebeli da

piriqiT, msoflios suraTis ZiriTadi

momentebi yovelTvis aisaxeba enaSi. ra

Tqma unda, msoflios kulturuli su­

raTi ufro sruli, siRrmiseuli da mdi­

daria, vidre msoflios enobrivi sura­

Ti. amasTan, msoflios kulturuli su­

raTi pirveladia enobrivTan SedarebiT,

magram swored enaSi verbalizdeba, re­

alizdeba msoflios kulturuli sura­

Ti, inaxeba da gadaecema Taobidan Tao­

bas. enas SeuZlia aRweros yvelaferi,

rac aris msoflios kulturul su­

raTSi: geografiis, klimatis, istoriis,

cxovrebis pirobebis Taviseburebebi da

a. S.

ai tipuri magaliTi enebis urTierT­

qmedebis sferodan. rogor aRniSnaven

sxva dasxva enebSi ferebs? cnobilia,

rom adamianis Tvalis badura garda in­

dividualuri paTologiuri gadaxrebisa

fers afiqsirebs absoluturad erTnai­

rad, miuxedavad imisa, visi Tvali aRiq­

57

vams fers – arabis, ebraelis, CuqCis,

rusis, Cinelis Tu germanelis. magram

yovelma enam daawesa sakuTari sistema

da es sistemebi xSirad ver rigdebian

erTmaneTSi. magaliTad, eskimosebis ena­

Si Tovlis saxeobebisa da tonebis aR­

saniSnavad arsebobs sityvis `TeTri~

14­20 sinonimi. inglisurad molaparake

adamiani ver arCevs ferebs – `cisferi~

da `lurji~, rusulad molaparakisagan

gansxvavebiT. magram amgvari gansxvavebe­

bi ara marto ferTa gamas exeba, aramed

garemomcveli sinamdvilis sxva sagnebsa

da movlenebsac. arabul enaSi arsebobs

aqlemis aRsaniSnavi ramdenime sityva:

arsebobs daRlili aqlemis calkeuli

dasaxelebebi, orsuli aqlemisa da a. S.

mWidro kavSirisa da urTierT­

damokidebulebis arseboba enasa da mis

matarebels Soris ar iwvevs eWvebs. ena

uwyvetad aris dakavSirebuli im same­

tyvelo koleqtivis cxovrebasa da gan­

viTarebasTan, romelic mas iyenebs ro­

gorc uTierTobis saSualebas.

enis sazogadoebrivi buneba gamov­

lindeba rogorc mocemul sazogadoeba­

Si misi funqcionirebis gare pirobebSi,

aseve enis struqturaSi, mis sintaqsSi,

gramatikaSi. adamiansa da realur sa­

myaros Soris dgas adamiani. swored

adamiani aRiqvams da Seicnobs samyaros

grZnobis organoebis daxmarebiT da amis

safuZvelze qmnis samyaros Sesaxeb war­

modgenebis sistemas. gadaamuSavebs ra

maT Tavis cnobierebaSi, gaiazrebs ra am

aRqmis Sedegebs, igi gadascems maT Tavi­

si sametyvelo koleqtivis sxva wevrebs

enis daxmarebiT.

ena mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli az­

rovnebasTan, rogorc azris gadmocemis

da adamianidan adamianze misi gadace­

mis saSualeba. gza realuri samyarodan

gagebisaken da Semdeg sityvier gamoxa­

tulebamde araerTgvarovania sxvadasxva

erebSi, rac ganpirobebulia gansxvave­

biTac istoriaSi, geografiaSi, am erebis

cxovrebis TaviseburebebiT da, Sesabam­

isad, maTi sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis

ganviTarebis gansxvavebebiT. ramdena dac

Cveni cnobiereba ganpirobebulia ro­

gorc koleqtiurad (cxovrebis wesiT,

wes­CveulebebiT, tradiciebiT da a.

S.), aseve individualurad (samyaros

specifikuri aRqmiT, rac damaxasiaTe­

belia konkretuli individisaTvis), am­

denad ena gamoxatavs sinamdviles ara

pirdapir, aramed ori klakniliT: re­

aluri samyarodan azrovnebamde da az­

rovnebidan enamde. msoflios kulturu­

li da enobrivi suraTebi mWidrodaa

erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, imyofebian

mudmivi urTierTqmedebis mdgomareobaSi

da midian msoflios realur suraTamde,

ufro swored, adamianis garemomcvel

realur samyaromde.

magram ena – es ar aris msoflios

kulturuli suraTis erTaderTi Semad­

geneli, igi yalibdeba artefaqtebis

Tematurad gasagebi, gacnobierebuli da

utyuari Sinaarsebisagan da gauTviTc­

nobierebeli azrebisa da piradi mniSvn­

elobebisagan, aseve cdebis, gancdebisa

da Sefasebebisagan. amis Sedegad, Sinaar­

sobriv­Tematuri kuTxiT Cveulebriv

gamoiyofa samecniero, esTetikuri, re­

ligiuri, eTikuri, samarTlebrivi da

sxva analogiuri msoflios suraTebi, am

poziciidan msoflios suraTi daiyvaneba

monacemebisa da infomaciis nakrebamde.

am suraTebis gaCenas win uswrebs sxva

msoflios suraTis gaCena – intuiciuri

warmodgenebis, mniSvnelobebis da azris

suraTisa, rogorc mocemuli kulturis

sicocxlisunarianobis Taviseburebebis

gamoxatuleba. amasTan yoveli azri yo­

velTvis gansakuTrebulad warmoadgens

samyaros universalurobas, romelSic

cxovroben adamianebi.

58

daskvnakulturaTa Soris kavSirebis ganvi­

Tarebas mivyavarT TiToeuli maTganis

unikaluri Taviseburebis gaqrobisaken.

amgvarad, XX saukuneSi erebi da qvey­

nebi iwyeben unificirebas yofacxovre­

basa da azrovnebaSi. amis Taobaze gan­

sakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod metyvelebs

kompiuterizaciis procesi, romelic

erTian algoriTms uqvemdebareben ima­

Ti azrovnebis logikas, vinc muSaobs

kompiuterTan. miuxedavad yvelafrisa,

TiToeuli kulturis birTvSi inaxeba is,

rac aris ,,gamokristalizebuli~ qveynis

bunebis, klimatis, peizaJis, sakvebis, eT­

nikuri tipis, enis, sakuTari istoriisa

da kulturis Sesaxeb maxsovrobis gav­

leniT. amiT msoflios kulturuli su­

raTi inarCunebs Tavis unikalurobas

kulturis universalizaciis proceseb­

Si.

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12. Каган М. С. (1994): Проблема «Запад-Восток» в культурологии: Взаимодействие худож. культур. – М.: Наука: Изд. фирма «Вост. лит.»

13. Караулов Ю. Н. (2006): Русский язык и языковая личность. 5-е изд. М. С. 38

14. Касевич В. Б. (2001): Лингвокультурный концепт как единица исследования // Методоло-// Методоло-гические проблемы когнитивной лингвистики: Сб. науч. тр./ Под ред. И.А. Стернина. – Воронеж,

15. Кубрякова Е.С. (2004): Язык и знание. – М.: Языки славянской культуры

16. Кучмаева И. К. (2002): Культура общения: этикет и стиль. – М.

17. Кучмаева И. К. (1997): Путь к всечеловеку. Мир как целое в концепции культуры М. М. Пришвина. – М.

18. Кучмаева И. К., Громов М. Н. (2000): Культура как способ общения // Труды ГАСК. – Вып.2.: Мир культуры, С. 3–7

19. Леонтьев А. А. (208): Психология общения. 5-е изд. – М.: Academia, Смысл. С. 45

20. Лотман Ю.М. (2000): Семиосфера. – СПб.21. Пищальникова В. А. (2000): Национальная

специфика картины мира и ее репрезентация в языке // Языковое сознание: содержание и функ-ционирование. ХШ междунар. симпозиум по психолингвистике и теории коммуникации: Тез. докл. М. С. 189–190.

22. Постовалова В. И. (1998): Наука о языке

59

в свете идеала цельного знания // Язык и наука конца XX века. – М.: Наука

23. Серебренников Б.А. (1988): Роль чело-веческого фактора в языке. Язык и мышление – М.: Наука

The Definition of the World Cultural Picture

Medea SvaniGeorgian UniversityDepartment of Languages77a Kostava str., 0175, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel. : 597 755 127E-mail: medea_svani@yahoo.com

AbstractThe paper discusses culture as a product of col-ulture as a product of col-

laboration of people, a system of their collective co-existence and customs. This system is formed as a result of a joint long-term accommodation of people in a particular area, their economic activities, defence against external enemies. Consequently people have a common worldview, a lifestyle, a way of communication, the specificity of the clothing, es-pecially the cooking, etc.

The cultural world view is specific and is differ-ent in different Nations. This is due to a combination of factors: geography, climate, natural environment, history, social structure, beliefs, traditions, way of life, etc. in addition, each historical epoch has its own picture of the world.

The development of links between cultures leads to the disappearance of the unique characteristics of each of them. This was brought by the twentieth cen-tury – the epoch of computerization.

Keywords: culture, worldview, lifestyle, picture of the world,

beliefs, traditions.

Определение культурной картины мира

Свани Медея ТенгизовнаГрузинский университетДепартамент языковУл.Костава №77a, 0175, Тбилиси,ГрузияТел.: 597 755 127E-mail: medea_svani@yahoo.com

РезюмеCтатья рассматривает культуру как продукт

сотрудничества людей, а так же системы их кол-лективного сосуществования и традиций. Эта система сформирована в результате совместного и долгосрочного сотрудничества людей в опре-деленной области, их экономической деятельно-стей, защиты от внешних врагов. Следовательно люди имеют общее представление о мире, жиз-ненном стиле, пути коммуникации, характерно-стях в одежде, особенно кухни и т. д.

У разных наций культурный взгляд на мир специфичен и отличается. Это из-за совокупно-сти факторов: географического положения, кли-мата, естественной окружающей среды, истории, социальных структур, вероисповедания, тради-ций, жизненного пути и т. д., где каждая эпохаль-ная история имеет собственное представление мира.

Развитие межкультурной цепи приведет к ис-чезновению уникальной характеристики каждой их них. Это уже произошло в ХХ столетии – в эпоху компьютеризации.

Ключевые слова:культура, представление о мире, стиль жизни,

картина мира, перования, традиции.

60

laTinuri difTongebi Tanamedrove espanur enaSi

nino WrikiSvili

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti WavWavaZis gamz. #36, 0179, Tbilisi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 591 222 007E-mail: nchrikishvili@yahoo.com

rezumeCveni kvlevis sferos warmoadgens es­

panuri enis xmovnebis diaqroniuli fo­

notaqtika. xmovanTa SeerTebebis Seswa­

vla mniSvnelovan cnobebs gvawvdis imis

Sesaxeb, Tu romel fonetikur cvlile­

bebTan aris dakavSirebuli ama Tu im

espanuri sityvis evolucia. statiaSi

ganxilulia is gza, rac klasikuri la­

Tinuris difTongebma ganvlo espanur

enaSi damkvidrebisas da daxasiaTebu­

lia is fonetikuri cvlilebebi, romle­

bic xalxur laTinurSi an espanuri enis

arqaul variantSi dafiqsirda. yuradRe­

ba gamaxvilebulia sityvebis monacvle

formebzec. laTinuri enisaTvis damaxa­

siaTebeli difTongebis diaqroniuli

kvlevisas gamoviyeneT etimologiuri

leqsikonebis monacemebi.

sakvanZo sityvebi:etimoni, derivati, difTongizacia, mo­

nofTongizacia, vokalizacia.

Sesavalicnobilia, rom fonemaTa SeerTebebis

Seswavla mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs

sityvis etimologiis kvlevisas. miuxeda­

vad imisa, rom enaTmecnierebi ZiriTadad

yuradRebas TanxmovanTa SeerTebebze

amaxvileben (radgan isini sityvis xerxe­

mals warmoadgenen), aranakleb interess

iwvevs xmovanTa SeerTebebis diaqroniu­

li kvlevac.

espanuri enis xmovanTa sistema laTi­

nuri enis xmovnebis evoluciis Sedegad

miviReT. laTinurSi arsebuli xmovnebis

kombinaciebi espanur enaSi sxvadasxva

formiT gadavida. Tumca, arsebobs araer­

Ti iseTi magaliTi, sadac xmovanTa Tana­

mimdevroba varirebas ar daeqvemdebara.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom espanur enaSi

fonemaTa araerTi gansxvavebuli saxis

SeerTebas vxvdebiT, statiaSi yuradReba

gavamaxvileT mxolod im kombinaciebze,

romlebic laTinur enaSi difTongs

warmoadgenda.

ZiriTadi nawililaTinur enaSi erT­erT yvelaze ga­

vrcelebul difTongs warmoadgens ae kombinacia, romelic evoluciis sainte­

reso gzas gadis. igi aris klasikuri

laTinuris erTaderTi difTongi, rome­

lic sityvaSi maxviliani marcvlis po­

ziciis mixedviT varirebs. Ae kompleqsi

umaxvilo poziciaSi gadadis e­Si, xolo

maxviliani poziciis SemTxvevaSi jer

gvaZlevs Ria e­s (xalxur laTinurSi),

Semdeg ki gadadis ie difTongSi (espanu­

ri enis Camoyalibebis adreul etapzeve).

difTongizaciis movlena, romelic ger­

manikul periodTan aris dakavSirebuli

(savaraudod) ar dafiqsirebula pire­

neis naxevarkuZulis mTel teritoria­

ze. germanikuli warmoSobis tomebisa

da Sesabamisad, maTi enis gavlena, nakle­

bi iyo galisiis mxareze, sadac xalxu­

ri laTinurisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma

xmovanma ar ganicada varireba (xalxu­

ri laTinuris Ria e dRemde ucvleli

61

formiT fiqsirdeba galisiursa da por­

tugalurSi). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom

naxevarkunZulis centralur regioneb­

Si gaCenil difTongs garkveuli perio­

dis ganmavlobaSi ori varianti hqonda,

rac kargad Cans Semdeg magaliTSi: sierra da siarra ʽqediʼ. laTinuri ae difTongis

siRrmiseulma kvlevam gviCvena, rom Sua

saukuneebis espanurSi dafiqsirebulma

ie kombinaciam SesaZloa kidev erTi vari­

reba ganicados da monofTongizirebu­

li saxiT gadavides espanur enaSi: laT.

saelucum emilianur glosebSi dafiqsire­

bulia sieculos­is formiT, rac dRevandel

espanurSi siglos­s ʽsaukuneebiʼ Seesabame­ba.

sakmaod gavrcelebulia ae kompleqsi

sityvis TavSi. xmovanTa aRniSnuli Ta­

namimdevroba Tavkiduri poziciiT ga­

dadis e­Si, radgan ae difTongiT Ziri­

Tadad oTxmarcliani sityvebi iwyeba,

sadac pirveli marcvali umaxviloa.

variaciis am formas vxvdebiT iseTi

sityvebis etimologiis kvlevisas, rogo­

riaa: esp. edificio ʽSenobaʼ, romelic la­

Tinuri aedĭfĭcĭum-idan transformirda

da esp. equilibrio ʽwonasworobaʼ, romelic aequĭlībrĭum-idan momdinareobs. SesaZloa,

laTinuri sityva ar iwyebodes aRni­

Snuli kombinaciiT, magram ae kompleqsi

mainc pirvel marcvals qmnides: esp.

península ʽnaxevarkunZuliʼ, romelic war­

moadgens arsebiTi saxelisa (insula espa­nurad iTargmneba rogorc isla ʽkunZuliʼ) da prefiqsis (paena _ espanurad iTargmne­

ba rogorc casi ʽTiTqmisʼ) kompozits,

laTinuri paeninsula­dan momdinareobs.

Ae difTongs am SemTxvevaSic umaxvilo

pozicia aqvs, rac ganapirobebs mis mo­

nofTongizacias. gansakuTrebiT xSiria

laTinuri ae kompleqsi ormarcvliani

sityvis sawyis marcvalSi, romelic la­

Tinuri enis maxvilis wesebis Tanaxmad

mudam maxvilian poziciaSia. am tipis

sityvebis espanur enaSi damkvidrebi­

sas warmoiqmneba aRmavali difTongi ie: laT. saecum → esp. ciego ʽbrmaʼ, laT. caelu → esp. cielo ʽbrmaʼ da a.S. Ae kompleqsi

derivatis doneze mxolod sityvis Sua­

Si an boloSi fiqsirdeba. espanuri caer ʽdavardna, Camovardnaʼ laTinuri cadere­dan (saerTo indoevropuli Ziri kad) momdinareobs. rac Seexeba esp. correa­s ʽqamariʼ, igi laTinuri corrigia­s evolu­

ciis Sedegad miviReT. laTinuri sityvis

fuZiseuli i xmovnis Secvla uSualo

kavSirSia sityvis bolos dafiqsirebul

iodTan, romelic gavlenas axdens wi­

namdebare xmovanze.

Ai kombinacias araerT naSromSi moixse­

nieben rogor klasikuri ae difTongis

arqaul formas. Tumca, umeteswilad igi

ganxilulia rogorc Sua saukuneebis

espanurSi dafiqsirebuli axali kombi­

nacia, romlis warmoqmnac iodis metaTe­

zisma ganapiroba. swored Sua saukunee­

bis espanuris formaa carraira, romelsac

safuZvlad daedo laTinuri carraria (da ara laTinuri carraira). aRniSnuli kombi­

nacia garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi

monacvleobda ei kombinaciasTan, ramac

mTeli rigi sityvebis ori variantis

(carraira da carreira) warmoqmna ganapiroba.

XI saukunidan difTongis orive varian­

ti daeqvemdebara monofTongizacias

da miviReT carrera. aRniSnuli movlena

gvxvdeba iseT sityvebSi, sadac fiqsir­

deba iodi ­si-, -pi-, -ri- kombinaciebSi: kl.

laT. basium → Zv. espanuri baisu an beisu → esp. beso ʽkocnaʼ. evoluciis igive gza

fiqsirdeba Semdeg sityvaSi: laT. sapias → Zv. esp. saipas an seipas → esp. sepas (zmna saber ʽcodnaʼkavSirebiTi kilos erT­erT

formaSi). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ai va­rianti ufro gamoyenebadi iyo espaneTis

samxreTiT (arabuli gavlenis terito­

62

riaze), ei kombinacia ki espaneTis Crdi­

loeTisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli. Ei difTongi dRemde gamoyeneba galisiur

enasa da leonur dialeqtSi. dRevan­

del espanurSi ai difTongi ZiriTadad

berZnuli warmoSobis sityvebSi gvxvde­

ba. vgulisxmobT berZnuli etimologiis

iseT sityvebs, romelTa fuZec a xmovanze bolovdeba da daerTvis iko(s) sufiqsi: arcaico ʽarqauliʼ, prosaico ʽprozauliʼ. Ai difTongi derivatis doneze fiqsirdeba

ramdenime zmnis nauRleb formaSic, iqne­

ba zmna TxrobiTi Tu kavSirebiTi kilos

axlandeli drois mravlobiTi ricxvis

meore pirSi (mag: amáis, temáis, partáis). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom laTinurSi aRniS­

nuli daboloebebi ar warmoadgendnen

difTongs, radgan xmovnebs Soris fiq­

sirdeboda yru okluzivi (laT. amatis, laT. timeatis, laT. partiatis).

Au kompleqsi, romelic klasikur

laTinurSi erT­erTi yvelaze gavrcele­

buli difTongia, ZiriTadad sityvis

pirvel marcvals warmoadgens. klasi­

kuri laTinuris es difTongi espanur

enaSi gadasvlisas monofTongizacias

ganicdis. Tumca, masalis kvlevis dros

aRniSnuli kombinaciis stabilurobis

damadasturebeli araerTi magaliTi

Segvxvda. laT. auctoritas,-atis espanur enaSi gadasvlisas ar eqvemdebareba varire­

bas da inarCunebs daRmavali difTon­

gis formas, ris Sedegadac gvaZlevs esp.

autoridad­s. ucvleli formiT fiqsirdeba

au difTongi berZnuli warmoSobis (es­

panurSi laTinizirebuli formiT dam­

kvidrebuli) auto prefiqsiT warmoebul

sityvebSic: autónomo ʽavtonomiuriʼ, au-tomático ʽavtomaturiʼ da a.S. CamoTvlili

vokabulebi espanur enaSi klasikuri

laTinuridan damkvidrda, riTac aixs­

neba maTi konstanturoba. Tumca, au dif­Tongiani sityvebis garkveuli nawili

espanur enaSi xalxuri laTinuridan

Sevida, sadac au kombinacia cvlile­

bebisaken iyo midrekili. swored am mov­

lenaze amaxvileben yuradRebas romae­

li gramatikosebi, romlebic kl. laT.

aurum­is monacvle formad orum­s asax­

eleben. monofTongizacia fiqsirdeba

sityvis SuaSic: esp. toro­s ʽxariʼ etimons laT. taurus warmoadgens. igives ver vi­tyviT esp. causa­ze ʽmizeziʼ, romlis eti­

mologiis kvlevasac berZnuli causa­mde mivyavarT. SesaZloa, au difTongi es­

panur enaSi meore elementis amovardnis

Sedegad gadavides. am tipis movlenas

vxvdebiT maSin, roca au kombinacias jer

velaruli Tanxmovani mohyveba, xolo

Semdeg u xmovani: laT. augustu → esp.

agosto ʽagvistoʼ. mxolod erTi fuZis si­

tyvebSi gvxvdeba Tavkiduri au difTongi

derivatis doneze: laT. absens,­tis → esp.

ausente. Aamave fuZisagan aris nawarmoebi Semdegi sityvebi: ausencia (laT. absentia) da ausentar (laT. absetare). derivatis doneze dafiqsirda au difTongi esp. bautizar­Sic ʽmonaTvlaʼ, romelic laTinuri baptizare­s gavliT gadavida espanurSi berZnuli

baptizo­dan. rac Seexeba esp. baúl­s ̔ skivriʼ, igi Zv. franguli bahur­idan (dRevand.

bahut) gadavida espanurSi (ucnobia ra

gziT damkvidrda frangulSi). aqve unda

aRiniSnos, rom baúl erT­erTi im sity­

vaTagania, romelic au difTongs aRar

Seicavs. aRniSnul sityvaSi gvaqvs ori

fonemis ­ a­sa da u­s iseTi Tanamimdev­

roba, romelic ara difTongs, aramed hia­

tuss warmoadgens, rac ganpirobebulia

susti xmovnis orTografiuli maxviliT

gaZlierebiT. igive movlena fiqsirdeba

esp. laúd­Si ʽbarbiTiʼ (Zv. espanuri alaúd), romelic arabuli ud­isa da aseve arabu­li al artiklis Serwymis Sedegad mivi­

ReT.

ramdenime sityvaSi Tavkiduri pozici­

63

is au difTongi mxolod Zvel espanurSi

fiqsirdeba. Zveli espanurisaTvis dam­

axasiaTebeli au difTongi enis evolu­

ciis garkveul etapze monacvleobs ou kombinaciasTan, Semdeg ki gadadis o-Si: laT. alterum → Zv. esp. auteru an outero →

esp. otro ʽsxvaʼ. am tipis magaliTebSi au difTongi, romelic ar fiqsirdeba fuZe­

enis doneze, warmoiqmneba derivati enis

arqaul variantSi. laTinuri l­s voka­

lizacia fiqsirdeba im sityvebSi, sadac

Tavkiduri an sityvis pirveli marcvlis

a fonemas /lt/ an /lp/ konsonanturi kom­pleqsi mosdevs: laT. talpa → esp. taupa →

esp. topo ʽTxunelaʼ. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Sua saukunis teqstebSi upirateso­

ba eniWeba au difTongis konstanturo­

bas, rac ramdenime sityvis espanurSi

ucvleli formiT damkvidrebas iwvevs:

laT. altus → esp. alto ʽmaRaliʼ, laT. saltus → esp. salto ʽnaxtomiʼ.

laTinuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

mesame difTongi aris eu kombinacia, ro­melic yvelaze xSirad Tavkiduri pozi­

ciiT fiqsirdeba. igi ZiriTadad ber­

Znuli warmoSobis sityvebSi gvxvdeba

da espanurSi laTinuris gavliT gada­

dis. am tipis sityvebis berZnul war­

momavlobas adasturebs berZnuli pre­

fiqsi eu, romelic espanurad iTargmneba

rogorc bien ʽkargadʼ (an bueno ʽkargiʼ). swored berZnuli morfemebis kompozits

warmoadgens eukalypto (laTinizirebuli

forma eucalyptus), romelic espanur euc-alipto­s ̔ evkaliptiʼ Seesabameba. aRniSnul

rTul vokabulaSi berZnuli TavsarTi

iTargmneba rogorc bien, xolo sity­

vis fuZe niSnavs “yo tapo”, “yo escondo” (me vfarav, me vmalav). amrigad, esp. euc-alipto sityvasityviT iTargmneba rogorc ʽkargad dafaruliʼ. ramdenime sityvaSi eu kombinacia fiqsirdeba berZnuli eti­

mologiis (espanurSi laTinuris gav­

liT gadasuli) rheuma TavsarTiT war­

moebul sityvebSi. swored maT Sorisaa

esp. reumático ʽrevmatizmiT daavadebuliʼ da reumatismo ʽrevmatizmiʼ. igive difTon­

gi fiqsirdeba neuma prefiqsisagan miRe­bul vokabulebSi: neumonía ʽpnevmoniaʼ da a.S. laTinuri etimonidan ucvleli

formiT gadadis eu difTongi esp. neutro-Si ʽSualeduri, saSualoʼ (laT. neuter). iSviaTad fiqsirdeba eu kombinacia de­rivatis doneze: esp. deuda ʽvaliʼ (laT.

debitum).

daskvnalaTinuri enis difTongebze Catare­

bulma diaqroniulma kvlevam gvaCvena,

rom xmovanTa kombinaciebma evoluciis

sakmaod rTuli da amavdroulad, mra­

valferovani gza ganvles. kompleqsebis

didi nawili zog sityvaSi stabiluria,

zogSi ki varirebas eqvemdebareba, rasac

aqvs Semdegi axsna: klasikuri laTinuris

gziT damkvidrebuli espanuri sityvebi

difTongebis konstanturobiT gamoirCe­

vian, xolo laTinuris gavliT damkvi­

drebuli vokabulebi ­ varirebis maRa­

li xarisxiT. xmovanTa kombinaciebis

evolucias garkveulwilad ganapiro­

bebda laTinuri maxvilic. masalis kv­

levam gvaCvena isic, rom laTinurSi ar­

sebuli difTongi SesaZloa espanurSi

gadavides orTografiuli maxviliT, rac

difTongis daSlas iwvevs.

literatura:1. Ariza M. (2008): El comentario filológico de

textos. Madrid2. Coromines J. (2008): Breve diccionario eti-

mológico de la lengua española. Madrid3. Lloyd P. (1993): Del latín al español. Madrid

64

4. Menéndez Pidal R. (1982): Manual de gramáti-ca histórica española. Madrid

5. Molina Yévenes J. (1993): Iniciación a la foné-tica, fonología y morfología latinas. Barcelona

6. Quilis Morales A. (2005): Fonética histórica y fonología diacrónica. Madrid

7. Munguía S. (2010): Nuevo diccionario eti-mológico Latín-Español y de las voces derivadas. Bilbao

Latin diphthongs in Modern Spanish Language

Nino ChrikishviliTbilisi State UniversityHumanitarian science faculty36, Chavchavadze ave., 0179, Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel.: 591 222 007E-mail: nchrikishvili@yahoo.com

AbstractThe sphere of our research is the diachronic pho-

notactics of the Spanish vowels. The study of the conjunction of vowels informs us about the phonetic changes connected with the evolution of this or that Spanish word. The paper discusses the way of diph-thongs adaptation in Spanish language and charac-terizes the fixed phonetic changes in folk Latin and in the archaic variant of Spanish language. In the process of diachronic study of the diphthongs char-acteristic to Latin language we applied the data of the etymologycal dictionaries.

Keywords: ethymon, derivate, diphthongization, monoph-

thongization, vocalization.

Латинские дифтонги в современ-ном испанском языке

Чрикишвили Нино ГелаевнаТбилисский государственный университетФакультет гуманитарных наукПр. И. Чавчавадзе №36, 0179, Тбилиси, ГрузияТел.: 591 222 007E-mail: nchrikishvili@yahoo.com

РезюмеСферой нашего исследования является диа-

хроническая фонотактика гласных испанского языка. Изучение сочетаний гласных предостав-ляет важные сведения о том, с какими фонети-ческими изменениями связана эволюция того или иного испанского слова. В статье рассмотрен путь, который классические латинские дифтонги прошли при внедрении в испанский язык и оха-рактеризованы фонетические изменения, зафик-сированные в народном латинском либо арха-ичном варианте испанского языка. Мы уделили внимание и на чередующиеся формы слов. При диахроническом исследовании дифтонгов, ха-рактерных для латинского языка, использованы данные этимологических словарей.

Ключевые словаЭтимон, дериват, дифтонгизация, монофтон-

гизация, вокализация.

65

kalamburis gamoyeneba sagazeTo statiebis saTaurebSi

Teona cincaZe

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo

universiteti

evropeistikis departamenti

ninoSvilis q. #35, 6010, baTumi,

saqarTvelo

tel: 593 112 051

E-mail: teona.tsintsadze.87@mail.ru

reziumewinamdebare statiaSi warmodgenilia

kalamburis analizi sagazeTo statiebis

saTaurebSi inglisur da qarTulenovan

masalebze dayrdnobiT. magaliTebi gan­

xilulia inglisuri da qarTulenovani

sagazeTo statiebis saTaurebis mixed­

viT da msgavsebis safuZvelze klasi­

ficirebulia saerTo maxasiaTeblebis

mqone kalamburebi. kalamburis rogorc

sityvaTa TamaSis erT­erTi formis media

diskursSi kvlevam cxadyo, Tu raoden

mniSvnelovania misi roli recipientze

zegavlenis mosaxdenad da ra swrafad

reagirebs adresatis qvecnobierze Jur­

nalistis mier kreatiuli gziT mowode­

buli informacia.

sakvanZo sityvebi: media diskursi, kalamburi, tipolo­

giuri klasifikacia, iumori, informa­

cia.

Sesavalimedia diskursis mTavari mizani in­

formaciis miwodeba da sazogadoeba­

ze zemoqmedebaa. Sesabamisad, stilisa

da marTebuli sityvebis SerCeva erTob

mniSvnelovania. mkiTxvelis yuradRebis

mipyroba ki gazeTis saTaurebiT xdeba,

sadac mokledaa gadmocemuli statiis

Sinaarsi, gamoyenebulia ra stilistu­

rad relevanturi xerxebi, romelTac

garkveuli intencia gaaCniaT. statiaSi

ganvixilavT, Tu ra misia akisria ka­

lamburs sagazeTo statiis saTaurebSi,

ra ostaturad xdeba kalamburis gamoy­

enebiT cocxali, STambeWdavi da krea­

tiuli sagazeTo statiis saTaurebis

Seqmna.

ZiriTadi nawili„bgera, da araferi bgeris garda.“

es aris kalamburis­iumoris ganuyofe­

li nawilisa da popularuli metafo­

ris erT­erTi ganmarteba. uZveles dro­

Si, gansakuTrebiT zepirsityvierebaSi,

bgera iyo Zlieri iaraRi da miaCndaT,

rom msgav si JReradobis sityvebs erTi

da igive warmoSoba da buneba gaaCndaT.

„kalamburi SeiZleba ganimartos

rogorc sityvaTa TamaSi, romelic

damyarebulia semantikur orazrovne­

baze, rodesac ori­pirdapiri an konte­

qstualuri mniSvnelobis mqone sityva

moulodnelad iCens Tavs da gamowveu­

li Seusabamoba komikur efeqts qmnis.

[Crysta. 2004:408]. am efeqtur stilistur

saSualebas SeiZleba wavawydeT mxat­

vrul nawarmoebebSi, gamocanebSi, anek­

dotebSi, iumoristul citatebSi, inter­

net sivrceSi, sareklamo sloganebsa Tu

bilbordebze, mediis yvela sferoSi da

maT Soris sagazeTo statiebis saTau­

rebSi.

gazeTi mkiTxvelis informirebisa da

darwmunebis saukeTeso saSualebaa, Se­

sabamisad mniSvnelovania informaciis

sworad organizeba. saTauris roli

66

aseve Zalian mniSvnelovani elementia

presaSi, radgan swored saTauris saSu­

alebiT xdeba mkiTxvelis daintereseba,

sagazeTo statiis saTauri e.w. Suamav­

lad gvevlineba mkiTxvelsa da teqsts

Soris.

statiis konkretuli mizania gamokve­

Tos kalamburis gamoyenebis xerxebi

media diskursSi, konkretulad saga­

zeTo statiebis saTaurebSi. sagazeTo

statiebis saTaurebi Tavis mxriv enis

gansakuTrebul gamoyenebas moiTxoven.

maT Soris: gamotoveba, xSiri nominal­

izacia, frazebis gamoyeneba winadade­

bebis nacvlad, awmyo drois gamoyeneba,

markirebuli/emociuri sityvebis, aluz­

iebis, idiomaturi gamoTqmebis wina

planze wamoweva. sagazeTo statiis sa­

Tauri unda iyos mokle, lakonuri da

Sinaarsobrivi, man garkveuli emociuri

gavlena unda moaxdinos. saTauri unda

„Seicavdes naTel, lakonur da Tu Ses­

aZlebelia damaintrigebel Setyobineba­

sac ki, rom gaaRvivos mkiTxvelis in­

teresi“ [Crystal. 1990:174]. kalamburis tipologiuri klasifika-

cia

gazeTis saTaurebSi kalamburis sti­

listurma analizma gvaCvena, rom arse­

bobs kalamburis Semdegi produqtiuli

tipebi:

omonimuri kalamburi _ msgavsi JRera­

dobisa da marTlweris, magram sxvadasx­

va mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebi.

polisemuri kalamburi _ semantikuri

tipis kalamburia, romelic or an met

erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul sityvas war­

mogvidgens.

omofonuri kalamburi _ msgavsi JRe­

radobis, magram sxvadasxva marTlwer­

isa da mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebi.

Canacvlebaze agebuli kalamburi _

Tanxmovnisa Tu xmovnis Canacvleba iu­

moristuli efeqtis misaRwevad.

gamotovebaze agebuli kalamburebi _

Tanxmovnisa Tu xmovnis gamotoveba iu­

moristuli efeqtis miRebis mizniT.

Tanxmovnisa Tu xmovnis damatebis

Sedegad miRebuli kalamburebi.

sxvadasxva kalamburebis Sedegad

miRebuli axali kalamburis forma.

omonimuri kalamburi

omonimuri kalamburi did yuradRe­

bas iqcevs da kreatiulobis gamoxatvis

erT­erTi saukeTeso saSualebaa, aka­

vSirebs ra erTnairi bgerebis, magram

sruliad gansxvavebuli warmoSobisa da

mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebs:

I can’t bear to be without you _ statiis

saTaurSi sityva bear­is datvirTva Sem­

degia. 1.moTmena, atana, (zmna.) 2. daT­

vi ( rogorc arsebiTi saxeli). statia

mogviTxrobs erovnul parkSi myof or

daTvze, romelTa gancalkeveba moxda

galiidan da aRwerilia maTi gulisamaC­

uyebeli damSvidobebis momenti.

A stone age _ pirveladi mniSvneloba

ukavSirdeba istorias. (qvis xana), Tum­

ca statiaSi aRniSnavs amerikeli msax­

iobi qalis gvars (Seron stouni) da

miuTiTebs asakis matebas.

Veni. Vidi,Vici-vici!

aseT saintereso magaliTs vawydebiT

qarTul presaSi. garda orazrovnebisa

da gaormagebuli mniSvnelobisa, ro­

melic Jurnalistma iulius keisris

cnobili fraziT (mivedi, vnaxe, gavimar­

jve) Seqmna da daakavSira qarTul zmna­

sTan, mas arc aliteracia darCenia yu­

radRebis miRma. statia yofil premier

ministrs biZina ivaniSvils eZRvneba da

mis SesaZleblobebs usvams xazs. (kviris

palitra # 48. 1.12.2013)

67

Savi pant-eris dasasruli _ „Savi

pantera“, „Savi margaliti“ _ ase moixse­

nieben legendarul portugaliel fex­

burTel euesebio da silva fereiras.

aRniSnuli saTauriT avtori gvamcnobs

,rom fexburTeli gardaicvala. sas­

veni niSnis saSualebiT ki qmnis ormag

mniSvnelobas. aRniSnavs ra metsaxels

da miuTiTebs fereiras sidiades, ro­

melic ers daaklda (kviris palitra #

3. 13.01.2013).

omofonuri kalamburebi

am tipis kalamburebi xSirad gamoiye­

neba gazeTis saTaurebSi. maT erTnairi

JReradoba da gansxvavebuli daweril­

oba aqvT, Tumca ar arian sinonimebi da

Sesabamisad maTi Sinaarsi sruliad gan­

sxvavebulia.

Eyed love to see ‘em ­ sityva eyed Sekve­cili formis I’d­is Canacvlebaa. statia

amerikul pop jgufs Black Eyed Peas eZ­Rvneba.

Finnish and be done with ­ statiis saTauri

xazs usvams finur enas (Finnish) da para­lelurad sityva dasrulebas (Finish), iye nebs ra politkoreqtulobas.

qarTul enaSi SeuZlebelia omofon­

uri kalamburebis moZieba, gamomdinare

iqedan, rom aq yvela sityva rogorc

iwereba, iseve ikiTxeba.

Canacvlebaze agebuli kalamburebi

TanxmovanTa Canacvleba:

Downing Streep for Meryl – cnobili msax­

iobis gvari Caenacvla sityva quCas.

(Downing street-britaneTis premier minis­

tris sacxovrebeli adgili). statiaSi

ki ganxilulia meril stripis (cnobili

msaxiobis) axali roli, sadac is marga­

ret tetCers ganasaxierebs.

Gord help us now – statia amerikis erT�

erT premier ministr gordon brauns eZ­

Rvneba. moxda pirveli bgeris Canacvle­

ba da kalamburis saSualebiT avtorma

sxartad mimarTa premier ministrs, mia­

niSna, Tu rogori mniSvnelovani figu­

raa is qveynisTvis.

internet sivrceSi vawydebiT dimitri

moniavas statias saxelwodebiT „tafiT

an tafaze“ Caenacvla gamoTqmas „ fariT

an farze“ ( exeba ra politikur reJims

eqs­prezident mixeil saakaSvilis ga­

dadgomis motiviT. moxda TanxmovnebiT

Canacvleba da miviReT kalamburis erT­

erTi saxeoba.)

xmovanTa Canacvleba

Andy Murray’s butter off now - statia eZ­

Rvneba dietaze myof tenisis moTamaSes.

soWirboroto olimpiada?! ­ svams

SekiTxvas Jurnalisti, ganixilavs soW­

Si gamarTul olimpiadas kompetentur

pirebTan interviuSi.(kviris palitra #

7. 16.02.2014). xmovnis CanacvlebiT iRebs

garkveul efeqts da amasTanave erTi si­

tyviT or mniSvnelobas usvams xazs.

sazogadoebrivi mouwyobeli ­ xmo­

vanTa CanacvlebiT warmoqmnili kalam­

buridan vigebT rom erT­erTi qarTuli

satelevizio arxi „sazogadoebrivi mau­

wyebeli“ cud mdgomareobaSia. (kviris

palitra # 39. 29.09.2013)

gamotovebaze dafuZnebuli kalambu-

rebi

sagazeTo statiebSi bgeris an bgerebis

gamotoveba.

Ice to see you , boys – saTauri islandiis

erovnul safexburTo gunds eZRvneba.

Bride and rooms – statia bukingemis sa­saxleSi arsebul oTaxebze mogviTxrobs,

sadac saqorwino sauzmes miirTmeven.

bgeraTa damatebis Sedegad miRebu-

li kalamburi­ mTavar sityvas emateba

xmovnebi an Tanxmovnebi. zogjer nawilo­

briv emTxveva omofonur kalambursac.

Demi’s lost even Moore weight – statia

ukiduresad gamxdar amerikel msaxiobs

demi murs eZRvneba.

Pope idol - pope (papi) Caenacvla si tyva

pop­s. Pop idol britanuli musikaluri

68

Soua da gamarjvebuli umReris paps

SotlandiaSi vizitisas.

Expendables 2 is gun-believable ­ statia

silvester stalones filmzea gaTvli­

li. daemata ra Tanxmovani zedsarTav

saxels da gvamcno filmis Janri.

gazeT kviris palitris statiis sa­

Tauri Semdegnairad gamoiyureba „Tavze

xelaRebuli fu(l)funeba! statiaSi

gakritikebulia qarTveli Cinovnikebi.

(kviris palitra, # 21:2014).

„tanc(a)ebi“ did politikaSi“ ­ bgera­

Ta damateba winsarTisa da Sua sarTis

saxiT. statia politikur intrigebzea

(„tancebi“) exeba ra nacionaluri moZ­

raobis wevrebs, paralelurad xazgas­

mulia sityva ancebi. (kviris palitra. #

33 12­18.08.2013).

sayovelTaod inforaciuli ya(C)daRo-

bana - 21­e saukuneSi niusis dapatimreba

SeuZlebelia!!! ambobs statiis qvesaTau­

ri da informaciis miRebis saSualebebis

SezRudvas e.w. dayadaRebas aprotestebs

da miaCnia, rom es dayaCaRebas gavs da

adamianis Tavisufal nebas eRobeba win.

(kviris palitra # 26. 1.07.2012).

wageba isev rus(n)ulia - saqarTvelos

moragbeTa erovnulma nakrebma ruseTis

erovnuli nakrebi rekorduli angari­

SiT 46:0 daamarcxa. statiis avtori mo­

winaaRmdegeTa erovnebasTan erTad dam­

arcxebasac gvamcnobs.(kviris palitra

# 12. 19­25. 03.2012).

sxvadasxva leqsemebis Sedegad miRe-

buli kalamburebi

sxvadasxva sityvebis Sejvarebis me­

SveobiT statiis avtorebi qmnian axal

sityvebs gansakuTrebuli efeqtis mis­

aRebad. ori leqsemis saSualebiT mi­

iReba axali semantikuri mniSvnelobis

mqone sityva.

Bye-lusconi, hello, super Mario _ statia ita­lieli premier ministris silvio ber­

luskonis gadadgomis Sesaxebaa.

Christmas time...Moss-letoe and wine _ popu­laruli saSobao simRera gamoyenebulia

sagazeTo statiis saTaurSi da xazs us­

vams modelis _ qeiT mosis reputacias

sasmlis gadaWarbebuli moxmarebis Ses­

axeb.

The Toy-al wedding ­ statiaSi warmodge­nilia princ uiliamisa da qeiT midlto­

nis qorwili, sadac RonisZiebis pativis­

cemis niSnad saTamaSoebi iyideba.

„nacionalur muxrovanobebSi gaCx­

erilebi“ _ eZRvneba muxrovanis amboxis

movlenebs. vano ki yofili premier min­

istria da Jurnalisti awvdis mkiTxvels

informacias misi monawileobis Sesaxeb.

(kviris palitra # 6:2013)

daskvnamediaSi kalamburis gamoyeneba efeq­

tur Sedegs iZleva. kalamburi rogorc

leqsikur­stilisturi xerxi, brwyinva­

le saSualebaa mkiTxvelis yuradRebis

mi sapyrobad. sarkazmisagan gansxvave­

biT kalamburis funqcia iumoristuli

efeqtis Seqmnaa, warmoaCens ra avtoris

ostatur unarebs. garda amisa maxvil­

gonivruli kalamburi acocxlebs da

ufro xatovans qmnis dasaTaurebebs.

saTauri is ZiriTadi elementia, ro­

melic pirvel rigSi ipyrobs recipien­

tis yuradRebas. es xerxi gansakuTrebiT

gamoiyeneba popularul gazeTebSi. mki­

Txvelebis garkveulma nawilma enis

amgvari gamoyeneba SeiZleba enis da­

kninebad miiCnios, magram garkveuli

nawili fiqrobs, rom es kreatiuli da

sasiamovno gzaa enis gasaxaliseblad da

gansaaxleblad. Cven SevecadeT gamogvev­

lina is Taviseburebebi, romelic axasi­

aTebs qarTuli da inglisuri sagazeTo

statiebis saTaurebs da romelic iqm­

neba kalamburis sxvadasxva tipis saSu­

alebiT.

69

literatura:

1. Crystal D. (2004): A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Cambridge University press

2. Crystal D. – Davy (1990): Investigating Eng-(1990): Investigating Eng-1990): Investigating Eng-): Investigating Eng- Investigating Eng-lish Style. Harlow. Longman

3. Culler J. (ed.) (1988): On Puns: The founda-tions of letters, Basil Blackwell, New York

4. Dynel M. (2007): book review. Partington A. (2006): The Linguistics of Laughter. A Corpus-As-sisted Study of Laughter-Talk. Routledge. London

5. Galperin I. R. (1977): Stylistics. Moskva.6. Leigh J. H. (1994): The Use of Figures of

Speech in Print Ad Headlines. The Journal of Ad-vertising [online]

7. McArthur T. (1992): The Oxford Companion to the English language. Oxford: Oxford University Press

8. Wales K. (2001): A Dictionary of Stylistics. Harlow: Pearson Education

9. www.thesun.co.uk10. www.dailymail.co.uk11. www.geworld.ge12. http://www.mcgarvey.co.uk/2007/11/22/

best-tabloid-headlines

The Use of Pun in Newspaper Headlines

Teona TsintsadzeShota Rustaveli State UniversityEuropeistics Department35 Ninoshvili str., 6010, Batumi, Georgia.Tel: 593 112 051E-mail: teona.tsintsadze.87@mail.ru

AbstractThe given article presents the analysis of pun

in newspaper headlines on the basis of English and Georgian materials. The examples are considered according to the English and Georgian newspaper

headlines and puns having common characteristics are classified by means of resemblance. The re-search of pun as one of the forms word play in me-dia discourse has made it clear how important it is for influencing the recipient and how rapidly an ad-dressee’s subconsciousness reacts to the information when delivered in a creative way by a journalist.

Keywords: media discourse, pun, typological classification,

humour, information.

Использование каламбура в газетных заголовках

Цинцадзе Теона МерабовнаБатумский государственный университетим. Шота РуставелиДепартамент европеистикиул. Ниношвили №35, 6010, Батуми, ГрузияТел.: 593 112 051E-mail: teona.tsintsadze.87@mail.ru

РезюмеВ данной статье представлен анализ каламбу-

ра в газетных загаловках на основе материалов английских и грузинских газет. Рассмотрены примеры в соответствии с английскими и грузин-скими газетными заголовками и каламбурами, имеющими общие характеристики, они класси-фицируются на основе сходства. Исследование каламбура, как одной из форм слова в медийном дискурсе ясно показывает, насколько это важно для воздействия на адресата и как быстро подсо-знание адресата реагирует на информацию, кото-рая подана креативным умом журналиста.

Ключевые слова: СМИ (средства массовой информации), дис-

курс, каламбур, типологическая классификация, юмор, информация.

70

sityvaTa TamaSis analizi fonetikur-morfologiur doneze

Teona cincaZe

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo

universiteti

evropeistikis departamenti

ninoSvilis q. #35, 6010, baTumi

saqarTvelo

tel: 593 112 051

E-mail: teona.tsintsadze.87@mail.ru

reziumesityvaTa TamaSi modeli, romelic

gansazRvravs sametyvelo qmedebis

stils, sadac xdeba enobrivi pirovnebis

SemoqmedebiTi potencialis realizacia.

sityvaTa TamaSis warmoebis sxvadasxva

gzebi arsebobs da TiTqmis yvela eno­

briv doneze SeiZleba misi gamoyeneba ara mxolod leqsikur elementebSi, ar­

amed gramatikasa da fonetikaSic.

statia aanalizebs sityvaTa TamaSis

fonetikur­morfologiur dones in­

glisur da qarTulenovan masalebze

dayrdnobiT, ganixilavs Tu rogor

xdeba bgerebis, asoebisa da morfemebis

transpozicia, gadanacvleba an gameo­

reba gansakuTrebuli efeqtis misaRebad.

sakvanZo sityvebi: mondegrini, spunerizmi, onomatopea,

intencia, kreatiuloba.

SesavalidRes lingvistikasa da enis filoso­

fiaSi xdeba mTeli rigi warmodgenebis

kardinaluri revizia, romelic exeba

enis funqciebsa da arss. es procesi gan­

pirobebulia pragmalingvisturi gamokv­

levebis ganviTarebiT, romlis Sedegad

aSkara gaxda, rom warsulSi arsebuli

warmodgena enaze, rogorc semantikuri

an enobrivi informaciis gadmocemis sa­

Sualebaze, ar aris sakmarisi. anTro­

pocentrulma paradigmam mecnierebis

yuradRebis centrSi daayena adamiani,

enaSi pirovnuli sakiTxis kvlevisas ki

SeuZlebeli gaxda enaze SemoqmedebiTi

manipulaciebis uyuradRebod datoveba.

enis potenciuri SesaZleblobebis re­

alizacia xSirad xels uwyobs sityvaTa

TamaSis Seqmnas, romelic warmoaCens

enis dafarul rezervebsa da arareali­

zebul potencials. sityvaTa TamaSis

arseboba dakavSirebulia iseT Tvise­

bebTan, rogoricaa enis kreatiuloba da

sistemur­sociologiuri xasiaTi.

ZiriTadi nawilisityvaTa TamaSi mravalfunqcionalu­

ria da SeuZlebelia misi garkveul Ca­

rCoebSi moTavseba, sityvaTa TamaSis

kvle va mravali kuTxiTaa SesaZlebeli

misi masStaburi da mravalmxrivi bune­

bidan gamomdinare. rac Seexeba sityvaTa

TamaSis ganmartebas, lingvistikaSi misi

erTxmad miRebuli da aRiarebuli defi­

nicia ar arsebobs.

`ar arsebobs sityvaTa TamaSisadmi

sayovelTaod miRebuli midgoma da misi

yvelasaTvis misaRebi ganmarteba~ [Lep-pihalme. 1997:141-143].

delabastita sityvaTa TamaSs Semdeg­

nairad ganmartavs:

“sityvaTa TamaSi aris zogadi saxel­

wodeba, aRniSnavs ra sxvadasxva teqs­

tur movlenebs, sadac enis struqtu­

ruli Tvisebebia gamoyenebuli, imisaT­

vis, rom Sedarebul iqnas ori an orze

meti lingvisturi struqturis msgavsi

an gansxvavebuli komunikaciurad mniS­

vnelovani formebi” [Delabastita. 1996:28].

71

devisi miiCnevs, rom sityvaTa TamaSi

pirdapir kavSirSia enis sistemasTan,

sadac mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli erT­

maneTTan: fonetika, sintaqsi, semantika,

pragmatika [Davis. 1997:25].rogorc vxedavT, sityvaTa TamaSi

TiTqmis yvela enobriv doneze vlinde­

ba, romelic Tavis mxriv garkveuli er­

Teulebis mixedviT klasificirdeba. maT

Soris erT­erTia fonetikur­morfolo­

giuri done. am doneze ganvixilavT Sem­

deg enobriv erTeulebs: mondegrins,

spunerizmsa da onomatopeas.

mondegrini

mondegrini ganimarteba, rogorc aras­

worad gagebuli sityva an fraza, rom­

lis araswori aRqma sityvis, frazis an

winadadebis omofonias efuZneba [Ledrer. 2000:78].

terminis SemoReba amerikel mweral

silvia raiTs ekuTvnis, romelmac ze­

moaRniSnuli neologizmi 1954 wels

daamkvidra. is Sotlandiuri baladis

pirveli strofis bolo xazs “And they laid him on the green” Semdegnairad aRiq­vamda “And lady Mondegreen”.

mondegrini umetes SemTxvevaSi msmene­

lis mier iqmneba, usmens ra simReras/te­

qsts, ar esmis naTlad sityvebi da anacv­

lebs msgavsi bgerebiT, romelTa saSu­

alebiTac viRebT sxva mniSvnelobis te­

qsts, Tumca xSirad vxvdebiT gamiznul

mondegrinsac, rodesac msmenels Rrmad

aqvs CabeWdili garkveuli simReris mon­

degrinuli varianti, magaliTad jimi

hendriqsis simReridan “Purple Haze” fra­zas “Scuse me while I kiss this guy”, msmene­

li imdenad mkafiod aRiqvamda rogorc

“Scuse me while I kiss the sky“, rom hendriqsma koncertze sityvebi Caanacvla ise, ro­

gorc isini msmenels esmoda.

mondegrins komerciuli mizniTac iye­

neben. 2012 wels, firma folksvagen pasa­

tis mwarmoebelma, manqanis audio siste­

mis reklamireba swored mondegrinis

saSualebiT moaxdina, aCvena ramdenime

adamiani Eelton jonis simReris monde­

grinuli variantiT, araswori sityvebis

gamoyenebiT, Semdeg ki qali, romelic

am simReris teqsts manqanaSi mosmenisas

aanalizebs, amiT xazi gausva manqanis

audio sistemis xarisxs.

qarTul enaSi uxvad SegviZlia movi­

ZioT msgavsi magaliTebi, radgan momRe­

rali simReris specifikidan gamomdin­

are xSirad ise warmoTqvams frazas, rom

azris gamotana rTuldeba. yvelasaTvis

cnobili simRera BbaTumze:

baTums qaTqaTas, baTums Tvalwarmtacs,

zurmuxt­mSvenebas, sicocxlis edems”.

aRmoCnda rom, 10 gamokiTxuli adami­

anidan 8 bolo frazas aRiqvams rogorc

“sicocxlis erTs”, msmenelis mier moce­

muli fraza arasworad aRiqmeba.

spunerizmi

spunerizmisTvis damaxasiaTebelia

xmovnebis, Tanxmovnebisa da morfemebis

transpozicia, ZiriTadad winadadebis

dasawyisSi, rasac Tan axlavs komikuri

efeqti.

spunerizmi SeiZleba iyos uneblie da

aseve intenciis matarebeli garkveuli

fonis Sesaqmnelad. spunerizmis etimo­

logia dakavSirebulia uiliam spuneris

saxelTan, romelic cnobili iyo msgav­

si sityvebis gamiznulad gamoyenebiT.

“You have hissed all my mistery lectures” (Missed all my history lectures).

Miss - gacdena, gamotoveba. Hiss - sisini“Sen gaaqilike Cemi saocari leqcie­

bi” (gaacdine istoriis leqciebi.)

intenciur spunerizmebs xSirad

vawydebiT inglisur enaSi, magaliTad

cnobili eleqtronuli musikis mim­

72

devris kom truzis saxeli, aseve cno­

bili msaxiobis tom kruzis spunerizmia,

iseve rogorc musikos viu stuanderis

saxeli dakavSirebulia cnobil momRe­

ral stiv uanderTan.

inglisur enaSi rogorc intenciuri,

aseve araintenciuri, uneblie spuneriz­

mis saSualebiTac iqmneba axali mniS­

vnelobis matarebeli sityva Tu wi­

nadadeba (Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom

uneblie spunerizmi zogjer SeiZleba

arafrismTqmeli sityva iyos da mniSvn­

eloba ar hqondes), gamomdinare ingli­

suri enis bunebidan. maSin, rodesac qa­

rTul enaSi uneblie spunerizmi gauge­

brobas da bundovanebas badebs. Tanxmov­

anTa Tu xmovanTa uneblie gadarTvas ar

axlavs damatebiTi mniSvneloba da si­

tyvaSi bgeraTa uneblie gadasma aRiqme­

ba rogorc arasworad gamoyenebuli si­

tyva. intenciur spunerizms qarTul ena­

Si ver mivageniT isev da isev qarTuli

enis gansxvavebuli bunebis gamo. bgera­

Ta uneblie gadasma, igive metaTezisi,

romelic inglisur enaSi araintenciur

spunerizms SeiZleba gavutoloT, qar­

Tul enaSi Cveulebriv Secdomad aRiqme­

ba. uneblie/araintenciuri spunerizmebia

mag: ̀ borji boTlomi~, boTli borjomis

nacvlad; “nu kapadi” “nu pagadis” (ну, по-, по-по-гади) nacvlad; `zrugi~ zurgis nacvlad;

`nevri~ nervis nacvlad da a.S. am dros

mosaubre gaucnobiereblad uSvebs Sec­

domas, msgavsi tipis Secdomebs ZiriTa­

dad bavSvur metyvelebaSi vawydebiT.

onomatopea

onomatopea xSirad ganimarteba, ro­

gorc sametyvelo bgerebis, bunebis mov­

lenaTa Tanmxlebi xmebis, cocxal ar­

sebaTa xmianobis, stvenisa Tu yvirilis

da sxvaTa xmis pirobiTi reproduqcia.

amis safuZvelze Seqmnili sityvebis

ramdenime saxeoba gamoirCeva maTi

formebisa da funqciebis mixedviT:

• sakuTriv xmabaZva, anu formaucv­

leli xmianobis miaxloebiTi gadmocema

(da ara aRniSvna). MqarTul enaSi: yiyli­

yo, gugu, tkac.

• xmabaZvis safuZvelze ama Tu im

xmianobis aRniSvna formacvalebadi si­

tyvebiT. Mmag: Sriali, tkacuni, xarxari.

• xmabaZvis safuZvelze movlenebi­

sa da arsebebis (da ara maTi xmianobis)

aRniSvna formacvalebadi sityvebiT. mag:

guguli, WriWina, tkacuna.

Oonomatopeas xSirad iyeneben reklam­

aSi, myidvelis mier produqtis kargad

damaxsovrebis mizniT. erT­erTi samed­

icino kompania gaciebis sawinaaRmdego

saSualebis Alka Seltzer reklamirebas Sem­

degnairad axdens:

“Plop, plop, fizz, fizz. Oh, what a relief it is!” (gaciebis dros gamocemul xmaTa repro­

duqcia).

sagzao moZraobisas usafrTxoebis

wese bis gaTvaliswinebaze xazgasma bri­

taneli sareklamo jgufis mier Semde­

gnairad iqna mowodebuli:

“Clunk, click, every trip”. (click the seatbelt on after clunking the car door closed.) manqanis karis daketvis xma da Semdeg Rvedis

Sekvris xmabaZva, miuTiTebs mogzau­

robisas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacvis

aucileblobaze.

1922 wels jeims joisma “ulise”­Si

karze kakunis xmabaZvis aRsaniSnavad

gamoiyena onomatopea tattarrattat, romelic

oqsfordis leqsikonis mier yvelaze

grZel palindromadaa miCneuli. aR­

saniSnavia, rom aq gadaikveTa sityvaTa

TamaSis ori formis onomatopeasa da

palindromis buneba. (palindromi si­

tyvaTa TamaSis erT­erTi saxeobaa). joi­

sis mier Seqmnili sityva erTdroulad

palindromicaa da onomatopeac.

73

daskvnarogorc sityvaTa TamaSis fonetikur­

morfologiur doneze kvlevam gviCvena,

TiToeuli enobrivi erTeulisTvis dam­

axasiaTebelia rogorc intenciuri, aseve

araintenciuri gamoyeneba. mondegrins

axasiaTebs fonologiuri faqtorebis

urTierTqmedeba da swored aseTi urT­

ierTqmedeba iwvevs bundovanebas. spuner­

izmis kvlevam ki cxadyo, rom misi gamoy­

eneba inglisur enaSi rogorc gaazrebu­

lad, aseve gauazrebladac xdeba, xolo

qarTul EenaSi mxolod araintenciuri

spunerizmis magaliTebi gvaqvs. Oonoma­

topea is xerxia, romliTac avtori sx­

vadasxva tipis pirobiTi reproduqciis

saSualebiT teqsts gansakuTrebul JRe­

radobas matebs. umeteswilad, sityvaTa

TamaSi intenciurad, gamiznulad iqmneba

da recipientze zegavlenis moxdenas gu­

lisxmobs.

literatura

1. Арутюнова И. Д. (1987): Аномалии и язык (к проблеме языковой «картины мира»)/ Вопр. языкознания. № 3

2. Davis K. (1997): «Signature in Translation». In Delabastita (ed.)

3. Delabastita D. (1996): Traductio. Wordplay and Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing

4. Leppihalme R. (1997): Culture Bumps. An Empirical Approach to the translation of Allusions. Clevedon, multilingual matters

5. Leigh J. H. (1994): The use of Figures of speech in print Ad Headlines. The journal of adver-tising (online). 23(2)

6. Ledrer R. (2000): “A Primer of Pun”. In Eng-lish Journal. vol.70, no.6

7. Wittgenstein L. (2009): Philosophical investi-gations. 4th edition. Blackwell publishing ltd.

The Analysis of Word Play at Phonological and Morphological

Levels

Teona TsintsadzeShota Rustaveli State UniversityEuropeistics Department35 Ninoshvili str., 6010, Batumi, Georgia.Tel: 593 112 051E-mail: teona.tsintsadze.87@mail.ru

AbstractWord play is a model that defines the style of the

speech act, when the realization of creative potential of a lingual identity takes place. There are number of ways to form the Word play that can be used at al-most all linguistic levels - not only lexical elements, but also grammar and phonetics.

The article analyzes the phonological and mor-phological levels of word play based on materials in English and Georgian languages , considers how the sounds, letters and morphemes transposition, shift or repetition cause a special effect.

Keywords: Mondegreen, spoonerism, onomatopeia, inten-

tion, creativity.

Анализ игры слов на фонетическом и

морфологическом уровнях

Цинцадзе Теона МерабовнаБатумский государственный университетим. Шота РуставелиДепартамент европеистикиул. Ниношвили №35, 6010, Батуми, ГрузияТел.: 593 112 051E-mail: teona.tsintsadze.87@mail.ru

74

РезюмеИгра слов представляет собой модель, которая

определяет стиль речевого акта, когда происхо-дит реализация творческого потенциала язычной идентичности. Есть ряд способов формирования игры слов, которые могут использоваться почти на всех языковых уровнях - не только в лексиче-ских элементах, но и в грамматике и фонетике.

В статье анализируются фонетические и мор-фологические уровни игры слов на основе мате-риалов английского и грузинского языков, рас-сматриваются, как звуки, буквы и транспозиция морфемы, сдвиг или повторение вызывают осо-бый эффект.

Ключевые слова: мондегрин, спунеризм, ономатопеа , намере-

ние, творчество

75

socialuri mecnierebebi

Social SciencesСоциальные науки

76

Inter-Ethnic Balance Problems in Mass Media and Socio-Economic Levels of the Welfare in Society

Faya ShulenbayevaKazakh University of EconomicsFinance and International TradeAstana, KazakhstanE-mail: fschulen@mail.ru

Kamila AkimL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National UniversityAstana, KazakhstanE-mail: kamilla.schullenbay@gmail.com

Elmira JoldybayevaKazakh University of EconomicsFinance and International TradeAstana, KazakhstanE-mail: elya_joldibaeva@mail.ru

AbstractEthno-cultural policy’s optimization requires the

unification and the integration of the peoples. In this scientific article were studied the problems of cor-porate ethics formation in mass media. There were defined the theoretical concepts of lingvo- cultural situations in human life. Interrelations of linguistic and cultural directions are considered. Influence processes on creative consciousness of the person in lingvo-cultural situations are revealed during inter-action of ethnic groups.

Keywords: human in the civil society, phraseological struc-

ture of the language, linguistic personality, social image of the individual, linguo-cultural situation, personal culture, Eurasian space, personal creative consciousness, bilingual mechanism of the speech activity, passionarity.

IntroductionThe topicality of the paper is caused by the active

propaganda processes of inter-ethnic balance stabili-zation in mass media during interaction of linguistic

and cultural directions in human life, which is the object of the investigation. The subject of the inves-tigation is the evaluation of ethnocultural society sphere formation and the analysis of linguocultural situation influence on the level of personal creative consciousness.

Public institutions of the state – enlightenment and education, artistic creativity, social and humani-tarian sciences actively propagandize and consoli-date spiritual and moral values and nationwide ide-als in human consciousness. In the space extension of civil society formation, mass media plays a prom-inent role. Those are state and private organisations of tele-radio broadcasting, modern informational means of communications and connections. In the corporate culture of Kazakhstani journalists is very high the culture of informing of inter-ethnic rela-tions that excludes the provocation of contradictions and violent conflict on national and cultural basis by means of the mass media. In the mass media, there are special requirements placed to the transmission of ethno-cultural situations in society through the prism of phraseological picture of the world, which is directly relevant to the study of specifics in seman-tic space of the language. Phraseological structure of a language in the mass media is a “mirror”, in which a lingvo-cultural community identifies their national self-consciousness. Namely, phraseologisms as pe-culiar “microcosms” provide to native-speakers a specific notion of a situation, social activity and their own macrocosm. Recognition of the fact that, not only the text, but also separate lexical-semantic units can represent a language function and determine its functional trend, allows to talk about such interpreta-tion of lexical units, which depends on conceptual-ization peculiarities of the world.

Mains BodyUnderstanding of theoretical foundations of the

semantic space structure requires the formation of

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corporate ethics in the mass media. The structure of semantic space can be presented by the different conceptual fields, and the phraseology covers the fields connected with human being. Strongly marked anthropocentric character of phraseological seman-tics allows us to describe the semantic structure of a phraseological word, the level of phraseological saturation and the character of representation of the external world. The coding process of specific no-tional field is connected, primarily with the seman-tic structure of a phraseological word, also with that pragmatic sense which is denoted in the situation of use. The dynamics of lexical universals in the mass media is connected with the admission of that fact, where human language is open and conversional system for each person. The whole phraseological space of informational communications of the soci-ety is created on the ground of the experience and critical perception, when person lives through and accepts new realms and enriches the living language with them. A person lives in the given culture con-sciously, on the critical level. Therefore, cultural identity of a person is an essential attribute of in-formational communicative means in the process of interpretation not only notional structure of phraseo-logical unit, but also its wide cultural context.

Linguistic transformations appear immediately when social image of a person and a society chang-es. The language of mass media is also responsive to historical processes, which take place in the soci-ety. Our reality is characterised by different epochal events, which effectively raise interest of people to political, economic, martial, ecological and cultural problems. A personal need for various kind of infor-mation is also activated. In this connection, there are changes in human lifestyle, in the way of thinking, also takes place re-thinking of stereotypes, which are put in human conscience and language. The analy-sis of author’s (original) texts in modern scientific works of linguistics identified a number of basic trends of realities in the language: cultural linguistics of separate social groups, ethnos, sub-ethnos during the short and culturally dramatic period of time (lin-

guocultural situation); historical cultural linguistics; historical-typological cultural linguistics; compara-tive cultural linguistics, which pursues pragmatic aims.[1, 1997]

The processes of correlation and interdepen-dence of linguistic and cultural trends that reflects linguo-cultural situation constitute the object of lin-guo-cultural investigation [1, 2001]. In this regard, extra linguistic field of language is considered “ev-erything that contacts with ethnology in linguistics, all relations, which can exist between the history of language and the history of race and civilization. Both these histories are intricately bound and inter-dependent. Customs of the nation are reflected in its language, and the language itself considerably forms the nation” [3, 1984]. Properly, the presence or ab-sence of old written traditions, the existence of dia-lects, their pattern, the change of dialectal base, the presence of belles-letters and publicistic literature and the writing systems are accepted to refer to the linguistic style (intralingual) [4, 1968].

In an extended social sense a human culture can be considered as “the aggregate of specific personal work methods and its results” [5, 1973], which di-rectly depends on the language and has an influence on it, composing cohesive linguo-cultural systems, that are implemented in linguo-cultural situations. Linguo-cultural situation is a dynamic and indulat-ing process of interaction of languages and cultures in historically developed cultural regions and social spheres [1, 1997]. The notion of linguo-cultural sit-uation practically includes almost the whole life of any given society. In this sense we can emphasize the most significant factors, which influence on it. Disclaiming the spacious outlook on a linguo-cultur-al situation, we will explicitly give consideration to one of them – ethnolinguistics.

In Kazakhstan live representatives of 131 nation-alities: those are ethnoses - who have their own cul-tures and languages. The largest national community among them is the Kazakh people (53%). The Rus-sians equal to about one third of the population. Be-sides, there are large communities of Ukranians, Ko-

78

reans, Germans, Tatars, Kirghizs, Uzbeks, Azerbai-janians, Armenians, Chechens, Ingushes, Georgians and others [6, 2006]. The results of interaction for ethnoses, who take part in linguo-cultural situation, mostly would be diverse. There are four variants of relationship (addition, complexity, decrease, deple-tion (erosion) of the culture), which can be limited by one simple quantitative change in the culture of ethnos, but which can lead to deep structural shear in it. The higher the level of culture of the ethnic group, the more favorable effects bring her familiarity with another culture [7, 2000].

In the linguo-cultural situation of the Kazakh-stani society in the 1960s has been revived move-ment for enhanced studying of the language, nation-al archetypes of consciousness and behaviour. The progressive youth was worried about the forgotten and seemingly unnecessary, historical past of the Kazakh ethnos. The language was preserved, but there was no study on national culture and history of the nation. During those hard times of demon-strating nationalism, the most stirring part of youth was seeking for “their origins, their essence and its philosophic base... we peered into our Kazakh in-sides, genes, and archetypes of behaviour. We did not consider ourselves as nationalists. We were Eur-asianists; our fervor was directed to the connection of our subsistence with the whole world. We were not looking for friends among those, who support-ed aul (village) homegrown attitude to the world in themselves” [8, 2000].

Eventually an idea came about the importance of this tendency to self-dependence of Kazakh-Turkic element to the culture, determining the character of the region but being not secluded in the same time, clamly aligned with other cultures. In the Soviet Union, it was forgotten and left, so it seemed irrel-evant and antagonistical, although it included new impulses for the development of cultural eurasian-ism. It is necessary to accept a lot from the west – the culture of life, business; but we should not be limited by this, as well as by the “aul (village) nationalism” [8, 2000]. The society understood, that in the history

of the Kazakh ethnos, in the soviet times, existed something foggy and well concealed that was re-ally important and indispensable for self-awareness in this world and for the choice of prospects for the development.

The poetry of Olzhas Suleimenov is a spectacu-lar example of the influence of linguocultural situa-tion’s factors on the personal creative consciousness. The poet composes in Russian, but he clearly senses the breath of native Turkic words in the language. Admirably mastering the language, he became a minstrel of Eurasian sense, a spokesman of Eurasian spirit, emerging through Russian language as a base of unity of Turkic and Slavic nations. In his work “АЗиЯ” (“Az i Ia”) he showed, how the Russian lan-АЗиЯ” (“Az i Ia”) he showed, how the Russian lan-” (“Az i Ia”) he showed, how the Russian lan-guage was enriched by communication with neigh-bouring nomads, and how significant this meaning is for the comprehention of people’s temper in the Eurasian space. His book “Язык письма” (“Yazik pisma” / “The language of writing”) explaines the reasons of underlying words consistency in devel-oped languages and continues the thought basing on the material of languages of the whole Europe, comparing vocabularies of North American Indians, Chinese vocabulary and the vocabulary of African nations. Neither language, nor culture can exist in narrow limits of state or national borders, and this is an important breakthrough of Olzhas Suleimenov as a sophist in the most global social spheres [8, 2000].

Investigating the processes of interaction of two linguistic cultures in one personality, U.M. Bakhtikireeva formulated the notion of personal creative consciousness “from the point of view of bilingual mechanism, transferring the primary lin-guo-cultural experience to the language of acquired culture. However, we face a special kind of speech activity, the result of which is literary text” [9, 2009]. Russian-speaking writer spoke about his nation, and this gave him an opportunity to live consciously and properly in those historical facilities. Cultural epoch of the XX century was complicated and ambigu-ous, people lacked for the power, which belonged to a totalitarian state, to forcedly subdue the special

79

moral of intellectual production, primarily art and poetry. Artistic forces become responsible in front of the state and obedient to the state. An artist and a writer should adapt for ethic principles, which are formed by the state, which claim to be the spokes-man and defender of people’s interests. Russian-speaking writers, who are the authors of best literary works, were not taught by the state. They had tasks and objectives, which were different from the tasks and objectives of their colleagues. They were super activists of their ethnos, intercessors for their nation, primarily for the Russian nation [9, 2009].

Literary-historical works of L.N. Gumilyov are the significant facts of last century’s cultural life. These magnificent works describe the attitude of personal creative consciousness with a word “pas-sionarity”. They were called “people of the long will”, who dreamed of and realized projects, which excelled ethnos’s energies. “Ethnic processes are discrete (intermittent)... The basic thesis of ethnol-ogy is dialectical: new ethnos, young and creative, arises suddenly, breaking dilapidated culture and dead-hearted, i.e. without the possibility to cre-ate, life of old ethnoses. This is called renaissance, though it would be more correct to say “degenera-tion”. And if the new impact doesn’t shake the de-crepit ethnoses, they will be turned to relicts. But the shakes reoccur, though disorderly, and the humanity exists in its multiplicity...” [10, 2002].

ConclusionWide propaganda of Kazakhstani inter-ethnic re-

lations abroad and inside the country carries the idea of unity on the Eurasian space, the foundations of creation of supernational order structure promote the development of integration processes. This socially significant role must be played by Mass media with the responsibility, corresponding to time requests. Point of contact and interaction of two language cul-tures is the personal creative consciousness, which provides the unity of world and interethnic balance.

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2. Maslova V. A. (2001): Cultural linguis- V. A. (2001): Cultural linguis-V. A. (2001): Cultural linguis-. A. (2001): Cultural linguis-A. (2001): Cultural linguis-. (2001): Cultural linguis-Cultural linguis- linguis-linguis-tics. (Маслова В.А. Лингвокультурология. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия». 208 c.)

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8. Gadilbek Shalakhmetov (2000): Mir prinos-it schastye / The world brings happiness (Гадильбек Шалахметов. Мир приносит счастье. – М.: ТРК «МИР», 353 c.)

9. Bakhtikireeva U. M. (2009): Creative bi-lingual individual (peculiarities of Russian text by the author of Turkic origin). (У.М. Бахтикиреева. Творческая билингвальная личность (особенно-сти русского текста автора тюркского происхож-дения): Научное издание. Монография. Изд. вто-рое доп. – Астана: Издательство «ЦБО и МИ», 259 c.)

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10. Gumilyov L. (2002): Ancient Rus and the Great Steppe. (Лев Гумилёв. Древняя Русь и Великая степь. Москва, 839 c.)

Проблемы межэтнического баланса в СМИ и социально-

экономический уровень благосостояния общества

Камила Сайановна АкимЕвразийский национальный университет имени Л.Н. ГумилёваКазахстан, АстанаE-mail: kamilla.schullenbay@gmail.com

Ф.А. ШуленбаеваКазахский университет экономики, финансови международной торговлиКазахстан, АстанаE-mail: fschulen@mail.ru

Эльмира Есенгелдиевна ..............Казахский университет экономики, финансови международной торговлиКазахстан, АстанаE-mail: elya_joldibaeva@mail.ru

РезюмеОптимизация этно-культурной политики тре-

бует унификации и интеграцию людей. В этой научной стате были изучены проблемы общей этической формации в масс медии. Были опре-делкны теоретические концепты лингво-куль-турны ситуаций в жизни человека. Так же об-суждались взаимоотношения лингвистических и культурных направлений. Показано влияние процессов на творческое сознание человека в лингвокультурных ситуациях во время взаимо-действия этнических групп.

Ключевые слова:

человек в гражданском обществе, фразеоло-гический состав языка, языковая личность, со-циальный облик человека, лингвокультурная ситуация, культура человека, евразийское про-странство, творческое сознание человека, би-лингвальный механизм речевой деятельности, пассионарность.

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avtorebi

manana aslaniSviliE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis fakulteti, liberalur­mecnierebaTa departamentis doqtoranti

TinaTin afxaiZe _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis fakulte­

ti, socialur mecnierebaTa departamentis asistent­profesoriciuri axvlediani _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer­ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer­Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer­saxelmwifo univer­

siteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, romanuli filologia, filolo­giur mecnierebaTa doqtori, emeritus­profesori

qeTevan gabunia _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite­ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite­Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite­saxelmwifo universite­ti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, romanuli filologiis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, profesori

rusudan gociriZeE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis fakulteti, liberalur­mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis mecnierebaTa Dkandidati, profesori, oqsfordis sauniversiteto sazogadoebis asocirebuli wevri

dodo labuCiZe _ Tbilisis gr. robaqiZis saxelobis universiteti, filosofiisa da socialur mecnierebaTa kvleviTi instituti, filologiis mecnierebaTa doq­tori, profesori

TinaTin mosemRvdliSviliE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, qarTuli fi­lologiisa da media­teqnologiebis departamentis doqtoranti

marina zoranianiE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, liberalur­mecnierebaTa departamenti, biznes­inJineringis fakulteti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, asocirebuli profesori

olga padalka _ kievis saxelmwifo enaTmecnierebis universiteti, germanuli

filologiis kaTedra, aspiranti

tatiana solskaia _ kievis saxelmwifo enaTmecnierebis universiteti, germanuli

filologiis kaTedra, aspiranti

sergei prokopieviE _ ruseTis generaluri sakonsulos konsuli monrealSi (kanada),

teqnikur mecnierebaTa kandidati, ruseTis sainJinro akademiis akademikosimedea svaniE _ saqarTvelos universiteti, enebisa da komunikaciis departamentis

doqtorantimegi falavandiSviliE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis

fakulteti, liberalur mecnierebaTa departamentis doqtorantinino WrikiSviliE _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer­ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer­Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer­saxelmwifo univer­

siteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, romanuli filologia, asistent­profesori

rusudan TabukaSvili _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis

fakulteti, liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis akademiuri doq­

tori, profesorimaia qavTaria _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite­ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite­Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite­saxelmwifo universite­

ti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, inglisuri filologiis, mimarTulebis doqtoranti

marine jaSi _ ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, mecnierebaTa da xelovnebis fakul­mecnierebaTa da xelovnebis fakul­teti, sruli profesori

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Jurnalis redkolegia

maia CxeiZe _ saqarTvelos universiteti, enebis departamentis xelmZRvaneli,

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

rusudan TabukaSvili _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti. biznes­inJineringis

fakulteti, liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis akademiuri doq­

tori, profesori

viola furcelaZe _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite­

ti, filolo giis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

ia CiqviniZe _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis fakulteti,

liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, asoci­

rebuli profesori

hans rudiger fluki _ boxumis universitetis profesori, filolo giis mecniere­

baTa doqtori

kulpaS beibitova _ gumiliovis sax. evraziis nacionaluri universitetis profe­

sori, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori (q. astana)

tania grishameri _ filolo giis magistri (DAAD)

qeTevan gabunia _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti,

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, romanu­

li filologiis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli, profesori

ia burduli _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis fakulteti,

liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, asoci­

rebuli profesori

maria mixailova _ moskovis lomonosovis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis sru­

li profesori, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, ruseTis sabunebis metyvelo

akademiis akademikosisilvia boteva _ sofiis wminda klement ohridelis saxelobis universiteti, roma­

nuli filologiis departamentis xelmZRvaneli, filologiis mecnierebaTa doq­tori, profesori

tatiana megreliSvili _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis

fakulteti, liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

alba graciano _ italiis q. tuscias universiteti, enebis centris direqtori, filologiis doqtori, profesori

alesandra spadafora _ italiis q. tuscias universiteti, ene bis centri, filolo­giis doqtori, asocirebuli profesori

giorgi yufaraZe _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti, filologiis akademiuri doqtori, asoci­rebuli profesori

rusudan gociriZeE _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, biznes­inJineringis fakulteti, liberalur mecnierebaTa departamenti, filologiis akademiuri doq­

tori, profesori, oqsfordis sauniversiteto sazogadoebis asocirebuli wevri

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Редколлегия журнала

Майя Чхеидзе – Грузинский университет, руководитель департамента языков, доктор филологических наук, профессор

Русудан Табукашвили – Грузинский технический университет, факультет бизнес-инженеринга, департамент либеральных наук, академический доктор филологии, профессор

Виола Пурцеладзе – Тбилисский государственный университет им. Иванэ Джавахишвили, доктор фи-ло логических наук, профессор

Ия Чиквинидзе – Грузинский технический университет, факультет бизнес-инженеринга, департамент либеральных наук, академический доктор филологии, ассоциированный профессор.

Ганс Руддигер Флук – Профессор Бохумского университета, доктор филологических наук, профессорКульпаш Бейбитова – Профессор национального университета Евразии им. Гумилева (г. Астана),

доктор филологических наукТаня Грисхаммер – Магистр филологии (DAAD)Кетеван Габуния – Тбилисский государственный университет им. Иванэ Джавахишвили, факультет

гуманитарных наук, академический доктор филологии, руководитель направления романской филологии, профессор

Ия Бурдули – Грузинский технический университет, факультет бизнес-инженеринга, департамент либеральных наук, академический доктор филологии, ассоциированный профессор

Мария Михайлова – Московский государственный университет им. М. Ломоносова, доктор филологических наук, профессор, академик Российской Академии Естественных Наук (PAEH)

Сильвия Ботева – Софийский университет им. Святого Клемента Охридского, руководитель департамента романской филологии, профессор

Татьяна Мегрелишвили – Грузинский технический университет, факультет бизнес-инженеринга, департамент либеральных наук, доктор филологических наук, профессор

Альба Грациано – Университет г. Тусция (Италия), директор центра языков, профессорАлессандра Спадафора – Университет г. Тусция (Италия), доктор филологии, ассоциированный

профессор центра языков Георгий Купарадзе – Тбилисский государственный университет им. Иванэ Джавахишвили, факультет

гуманитарных наук, академический доктор филологии, ассоциированный профессор Русудан Гоциридзе – Грузинский технический университет, факультет бизнес-инженеринга,

департамент либеральных наук, академический доктор филологии, профессор, ассо циированный член Оксфордского Университетского Общества

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Editorial board

Maia Chkheidze – Head of the Languages Department of Georgian University, Doctor of Philological Sci-ence, Professor

Rusudan Tabukashvili – Georgian Technical University, Business-Engineering Faculty, Department of Li-beral Sciences, Academic Doctor of Philology, Professor

Viola Purzeladze – Tbilisis' State University, Doctor of Philological Science, ProfessorIa Chikvinidze – Georgian Technical University, Business-Engineering Faculty, Department of Li beral Sci-

ences, Academic Doctor of Philology, Assosiated ProfessorHans Rudiger Fluck – Professor of the Bokhums` University, Doctor of Philological

ScienceKulpash Beibitova – Gumilev's National Eurasian University (Astana), Doctor of Philological Science, Pro-

fessorTanya Griskhamer – Master of Philology (DAAD)Ketevan Gabunia – Tbilisis' State University, Faculty of Humanitarian Sciences, Head of the Dirrection in

Romanian Philology, Academic Doctor of Philology, ProfessorIa Burduli – Georgian Technical University, Business-Engineering Faculty, Department of Li beral Sciences,

Doctor of Philology, Assosiated ProfessorMaria Mikhailova – Moscow's State University, doctor of Philological Science, the academician of Russian

Academy on the Nature Study (RANS) Sylvia Boteva – Sofia's Uniersity of Holy Klement Okhridsky, the leader of the romanian philology depart-

ment, professor Tatiana Megrelishvili – Georgian Technical University, Business-Engineering Faculty, Department of Li-

beral Sciences, Doctor of Philological Science, ProfessorAlba Graziano – University of Tuscia, Italy, Language Center Director, ProfessorAlessandra Spadafora – University of Tuscia, Italy, Language Center, Doctor of Philology, Assosiated Pro-

fessorGeorgi Kuparadze – Tbilisis` State University, Faculty of Humanitarian Sciences, Academic Doctor of Phi-

lology, Associated ProfessorRusudan Gotsiridze – Georgian Technical University, Business-Engineering Faculty, Department of Li beral

Sciences, Academic Doctor of Philology, Full professor, the associate member of Oxford's University So-ciety