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Contents

2.2 Advanced ER Constructs 23

2.2.1 Ceneralization: Supertypes and Subtypes 23

2.2.2 Aggregation 25

2.23 fernary RelationshiPs 25

2.2.4 Ceneral n-ary Relationships 28

2.2.5 Exclusion Constraint 29

2.2.6 Referential IntegritY 30

2.3 SummarY 3O2.4 Literature SummarY 31

Chaoter 3The Unifled Modellng Language (UMt) 33

3.1 Class Diagrams 343.1.1 Basic Class Diagram Notat ion 35

3.1.2 Class Diagrams for Database Design 37

3.1.3 Example from the Music Industry 43

3.2 Activity Diagrams 463.2.1 Activity Diagram Notation Description 46

3.2.2 Activity Diagrams for Workflow 48

3.3 Rules of Thumb for UML Usage 50

3.4 SummarY 5l3.5 Literature Summary 5l

Chapter 4' Req.rlrements Analysis and Conceptual Data Modeling 53

4.1 Introduction 534.2 Requirements Analysis 54

4.3 ConcePtual Data Modeling 55

4.3.1 Classify Entities and Attributes 56

4.3.2 ldentify the Generalization Hierarchies 57

4.3.3 Def ine Relat ionshiPs 58

4.3.4 Example of Data Modeling: Company Personnel andProiect Database 61

4.4 View lntegration 664.4.1 Preintegration AnalYsis 67

4.4'2 ComParison of Schemas 68

4.4.3 Conformation of Schemas 68

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6.4 Determining the Minimum Set of 3NF Tables 122

6,5 Fourth and Fifth Normal Forms '127

6.5. ' l Mult ivaluedDependencies 127

6.5.2 Fourth Normal Form '129

6.5.3 DecomPosing Tables to 4NF 132

6.5.4 Fi f th Normal Form I33

6.6 Summary 1376.7 Literature Summary

'138

Chaoter 7An Example of Logical Databaie Design 139

7 .1 Requirements Specification 1397.1 .1 Design Problems 140

7.2 Logical Design l4l7.3 SummarY 145

Chaoter 8Business Intelllgence 1478.1 Data Warehousing 148

8.1.1 Overview of Data Warehousing 148

8.1 .2 Logical Design 1 52

a.2 Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) 166

8.2.'l The Exponential Explosion of Views '167

8.2.2 Overview of OLAP 1 698.2.3 View Size Est imat ion I708.2.4 Selection of Materialized Views 173

8.2.5 View Maintenance I768.2.6 Query OPtimizat ion 177

8.3 Data Mining 1788.3.1 Forecast ing 1798.3.2 Text Mining 181

8.4 SummarY 1858.5 Literature SummarY 186

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