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INTRODUCTION OF MONITOR

A computer monitor is an essential part of the machine. A computer monitor displays the output

from the hard drive,video card and CDROM. Without a monitor,a computer is not operational.

There are several types of monitors similar to a regular television. Flat-screen monitors withenhanced technology make it easier for users to install the device onto their computer. These

monitors have replaced old tube screens that take up more space and are harder to install.

SIZE

S izes vary among monitor types. S maller monitors like 19-inch displays are used by people who

only need a simple view of spreadsheets and documents. Wide-screen 22-inch displays are the

most beneficial for gamers. Even larger monitors are available for people who like a flashy

display with a high-powered machine. RESOLUTION

Resolution adds to the crisp,detailed display of images through monitors. Resolution is measured

in pixels. Pixels are the tiny dots that display the image to the viewer. The more pixels,the higher

the resolution and the better the detail of the graphics. High-resolution monitors are dependent

on video cards for the best detailed images.

CONTRAST AND BRIGHTNESS

Contrast and brightness defines the light and dark settings of the monitors. Again,this isimportant for gamers who need more defined images. People who only use a computer for

desktop applications dont need to spend more money on contrast and brightness.

CABLES AND CONNECTIONS

The connection from the monitor to the computer uses a specific cable. The cable comes with the

monitor. The other side of the connector cable is usually color-coded on the computer so that

users know where to attach the cable to the motherboard. Additionally,a monitor comes with a

power cable. These two cables are the only wires needed when installing a new monitor on acomputer.


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H ISTORY OF MONITOR

U ntil the early 1980's most monitors were terminals. They were boxy video display terminals

(VDT's) combined with an attached keyboard. A terminal could be configured to work with just

about any computer on the market. (Not that there was a wide selection of personal computersfor you to choose from.)

Terminals were attached to computers by a serial interface. In those days, the VDT was

commonly referred to as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube).

Before DO S , the dominant operating system (O S ) for 8 bit computers was CP/M (Control

Program for Microprocessors). Early CP/M machines were originally designed to use separate

memory-mapped video display devices and discrete keyboards that plugged into the machines -not unlike video display cards used later. The most well known was the VDM-1. Terminal

manufacturers recognized this "lost market "and began to market mainframe and mini-style

terminals to the CP/M community. The sales pitch of "just like a real (mainframe at the time)

computer" paid off. CP/M computers soon used terminals almost exclusively.

Apple II computers and the early game machines (such as those made by Atari, Coleco or

Nintendo) hooked to a monitor not a terminal. (The Apple II was built with a keyboard as part of

the system. All that was missing was a monitor once the Apple II was plugged in).

These monitors - unlike terminals - looked like television sets without the tuner. In some cases

they actually were television sets. (Many early computers - such as the Commodores Vic 20, 64

and 128, could be used with any television set with a special RF adapter that hooked to the

antenna of the TV).

Then IBM came out with PC-DO S computers, which were dubbed "three-piece computers.' One

explanation according to a prominent used car dealer Moonie Bronstein was that many of the

early marketers advising the techies of the early computer era ,had their start in the competitive

world of auto sales where such terms as " 3 piecers " and " 4 piecers" were popular marketing

and sales terms. Other explanations for this marketing term was because the computers included

three main components i.e. - the monitor, the keyboard and the CP U "box".


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Ironically, when the IBM PC-DO S computers arrived on the scene with separate monitor and

keyboard the monitor connected directly to the computer. Just like the earliest personal

computers) through a display device connection. These new monitors used video cards that were

either IBM monochrome (MDA), IBM color graphics cards9 CGA), or Hercules (the first third

party ad on cards).


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The Evolution of Patient Monitor Technology

Patient monitor technologies have evolved greatly over the last few decades. Theyve gone from

offering only single parameter monitoring capabilities, to now offering multi-parameter

measurements. In the past, different patient monitors were needed to measure every individual

vital sign. The ECG was carried out by one patient monitor, while blood pressure was done by a

separate monitor. Todays technologies have evolved to offer not only multi-parameter

measurement capabilities, but also networkable monitors, handheld monitors, portable monitor

and more.

Physicians everywhere depend highly on the integrity and consistency of their medical

equipment. A patient monitor is a physicians direct link to the welfare of their patients, and

having dependable, unfailing equipment at all times is vital. As the technologies continue to

evolve, it is likely that there will be even more to look forward to in not only patient monitoring

but in all facets of medical equipment technologies.


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FEATURES OF MONITOR SCREEN .

A monitor is a display device,is an electrical equipment which displays images generated

and is packaged as a separate peripheral.There are several types of monitor such as LCD

monitors ,plasma monitors, and CRT monitors .They may have same features such as have a

tilt-and-swivel base,have integrated speakers and build-in web cam.However,as they are

different types of monitor,so they have different characterictics.The following describe about

each of these monitors.

1. L CD Monitors

A liquid crystal display( L CD) is a desktop monitor that uses a liquid crystal to display

images. L CD monitors is a thin,flat electronic visual display and produce sharp and flicker free

images. L CD monitors are widely used in instrument panels such as aircraft cockpit

displays,video players,clocks and calculator.They usually have a small footprint,do not use much

desk space,lightweight,portable,less expensive and more reliable.They are available in a variety

of sizes,but commonly wider screen size than CRT and plasma monitor.

2. Plasma monitor

A plasma monitor is a display device that uses gas plasma technology which sandwiches a layer

of gas between two panel of glass plates.Compared to L CD monitors,plasma monitor offer more

wider screen up to 150 inches and richer colours.However,this monitor usually more expensive

than the other.As plasma monitor is lightweight and wider screen,they can hang directly to the

wall.

3. CRT monitor

A cathode ray tube monitor is a display device that contain a cathode ray tube and a fluorescent

screen.A CRT monitor is large,deep,heavy and sealed glass tube.They may have a viewable size

of 20 inches and produce a small amount of electromagnetic radiation.


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TEC H NOLOGY USED IN MONITORS .

Resolution

Resolution is term of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display devices.Each pixel of L CD

monitor display has a layer of liquid-crystal cells which are transparent and two polarizing

filters.Each pixels is divided into three cells that are coloured red,green and blue.A higher

resolution uses a greater number of pixels and provides a sharper,smoother and mare clearer

images.The resolution increases for larger monitors and screens.For example, a wide screen 19-

inch L CD monitor typically has a resolution of 1440900,whereas a 22 inch L CD monitor has a

resolution of 16801050.

Response time

Response time of L CD monitor is indication of time in milliseconds,for the pixels to turn on or

off. L CD monitor response time range from 3 to 16 miliseconds.The lower the number,the faster

the response time.

Dot pitch

The dot pitch,sometimes called pixel pitch,measured in millimetres,between pixels on a display

device.The lower the number,the sharper the image.

Brightness

Brightness of an L CD monitor is measured in nits.A nit is a unit of visible light intensity.The

higher the nits,the brighter the images.

Contrast ratio

The contrast ratio is the relationship in light intensity of the brightest white and the darkest black

that can be display on monitor.Contrast ratios today range from 500:1 to 2000:1.Higher contrast

represent colors better.


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FUNCTIONS OF MONITOR

A computer monitor is a display adapter that displays information processed by the computer's

video card. When a video card or graphics card converts binary information from 1s and 0s into

images, these images are displayed onto the directly connected monitor. There are different types

of monitors, including cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal displays ( L CD). Monitors have

display functions that include powering it on and off, controlling brightness, contrast and

position, among others.

*CRT Monitors

CRT monitors are cathode ray tube, similar to CRT televisions. These televisions use red, green

and blue electrons flowing from left to right, filling each line on the display. When these

electrons hit the phosphor on the CRT, they glow for a short time. They need to be refreshed;

video cards with too low a refresh rate will cause flickering of the screen. CRTs are prone to

other types of problems such as images being burnt onto the screen, which is named

"screensaver" prevents.

*L CD monitors

A liquid crystal displays or L CD is a type of flat panel monitor, meaning it's designed to be thin.

This feature should not be confused with flat screen, meaning the computer monitor's screen is

flat instead of curved. L CDs refresh their screen differently than CRT monitors. An L CD screen

is created by electric voltages hitting liquid crystal cells, allowing 64 different shades per cell.

L CDs have one resolution size, and, if a smaller resolution is adopted, a black border will appear

around the re-sized resolution.


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*Dual Monitors

Besides buying a larger monitor, it is possible for some computers to display information on two

separate monitors. This is a feature of the video card (better video cards add more features). Dual

monitors work as the name implies; one monitor is set up next to another, usually side by side. In

"clone" mode, the same image is displayed on both monitors. In "dualview" mode, the screens

act as extensions of one another, allowing you to move the mouse cursor and windows from

monitor to monitor.

U se of Dual Monitors

The clone function is good for large projections, where the user can play movies or videos on his

monitor, and a copy is displayed on a larger projection for a room full of people. The dualview

function is better suited for multiple tasks at once, such as viewing multiple windows, files and

spreadsheets.

Displays

All monitors have a resolution type that it uses to display images. The inch sizes of L CDs tell

what their resolution type is. A 17-inch display can have a resolution of 1024x768, while a 20-

inch display will have 1600x1200. The number in inches is the monitor's screen size diagonally,

while the resolution is the pixel width by pixel height. Although laptops have built-in monitors,

some laptops come with an S -Video port, which allows an S -Video cable to plug into certain

televisions. When the television is changed to the appropriate input, it will act as a clone.


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MANUFACTURER OF MONITOR

1. MODEL: 7 INC H TFT VGA CAR MONITOR 2011S PECIFICATION: 7 Inch TFT L CD VGA car touch monitor 2011, L CD monitor sales in

East Europe/ S outhheast Asia etc.

SU PPL IER: S henzhen Feelworld Technology Co. L td

ORIGIN: China

2. MODEL: LED MONITOR, FAS H ION DESIGN IN 2011S PECIFICATION: 24 inch, L ED super slim monitor, flat screen monitor,5 ms quick

response hot sale in China.

SU PPL IER: Diguang Electronics

ORIGIN: China


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3 . MODEL: 21S SERIES LED MONITOR S PECIFICATION: 18.5 L ED monitor sales all over the world

SU PPL IER: S henzhen KTC Technology Co. L td.

ORIGIN: China

4 . MODEL: 3 D LCD MONITOR S PECIFICATION: 3D L CD Monitor

SU PPL IER: S ichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group Co. L td.

ORIGIN: China

5 . MODEL: 7 INC H LCD MONITOR & LCD DISPLAY TOUC H SCREENS PECIFICATION: 7 inch L CD Touch Monitor & L CD Display Hot sale in China, aspect

ratio 16:9

SU PPL IER: S henzhen Feelworld Technology Co. L td.


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ORIGIN: China

6 . MODEL: 21S SERIES LED MONITOR S PECIFICATION: buy high quality 21.5 L ED monitor with best price

SUPP

LIER:

Shenzhen KTC Technology Co.

Ltd.

ORIGIN: China

7. MODEL: LCD TOUC H H DMI MONITOR S PECIFICATION: L CD Touch S creen, 19 TFT L CD VGA Touchscreen Monitor with

HDMI,high quality with best price.


ORIGIN: China


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8 . MODEL: 7 INC H CAR TFT VGA TOUC H MINI LCD MONITOR S PECIFICATION: buy high quality 7 inch Remote controller car TFT L CD VGA Touch

Mini L CD Monitor with best price


ORIGIN: China

9 . MODEL: 2 3 S SERIES LED MONITOR S PECIFICATION: high class 23 inch L ED monitor with best price

SU PPL IER: S henzhen KTC Technology Co. L td

ORIGIN: China


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10. MODEL: LCD TOUC H MONITOR WIT H 5 WIRE RESISTIVES PECIFICATION: OEM available L CD Touch Monitor with 5 Wire Resistive


ORIGIN: China

11. MODEL: LCD TOUC H COMPUTER MONITOR S PECIFICATION: L CD Touch computer monitor, best PC monitor to buy, 10.4 inch

TFT L CD computer monitor

SU PPL IER: S henzhen feelworld Technology Co. L td.

ORIGIN: China


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ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF MONITOR

LCD Monitor

Advantages

y The biggest advantage to L CD monitors is their size and weight. As was mentioned

earlier, the size and weight of an L CD monitor can be upwards of 80% lighter than an

equivalent dimension CRT screen. This makes it possible to users to have larger screens

for their computers than was possible before.

y L CD screens also tend to produce less eye fatigue to the user. The constant light barrage

and scan lines of a CRT tube tend to cause strain on heavy computer users

y The lower intensity of the L CD monitors coupled with their constant screen display of

pixels being on or off produces less fatigue for the user .

Disadvantages

listing the specifications for monitors to help buyers understand and compare monitors.

The most notable disadvantage to L CD screens is their fixed or native resolution. An

L CD screen can only display the number of pixels in its matrix and no more or less. It

can display a lower resolution in one of two ways.

U sing only a fraction of the total pixels on the display or through extrapolation.

Extrapolation is a method whereby the monitor blends multiple pixels together to

simulate a single smaller pixel. This can often lead to a blurry or fuzzy image particularly

with text when running the screen below is native resolution.

Video was problematic with early L CD monitors because of lower response times.


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This has been overcome by many improvements, but there are some that still have low

response times. Purchasers should be aware of this when purchasing a monitor. However,

the improvements are often work arounds that can actually lead to another problem of

reduced color clarity. U nfortunately, the industry is very poor about properly

Plasma monitor

Advantage

y High contrast ratios (10,000:1 or greater,) excellent color, and low black level.

y Virtually no response time

y

Near zero color, saturation, contrast or brightness distortion. Excellent viewing angle.y No geometric distortion.

y S ofter and less blocky-looking picture than L CDs

Disadvantage

y Image flicker due to being phosphor-based

y Heavy weight

y Glass screen can induce glare and reflections

y High operating temperature and power consumption

y Only has one native resolution. Displaying other resolutions requires a video scaler,

which degrades image quality at lower resolutions.

y Fixed bit depth. Plasma cells can only be on or off, resulting in a more limited color

range than L CDs or CRTs.

y Can suffer image burn-in. This was a severe problem on early plasma displays, but much

less on newer ones

y Cannot be used with light guns/pens


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CRT Monitor`Advantage

y The primary advantage that CRT monitors held over L CDs was their color rendering y The contrast ratio and depth of colors displayed were much greater with CRT monitors

than L CD S

y Many graphic designers still use the very expensive large CRT monitors in their work

because of the color advantages. Of course, this color ability does degrade over time as

the phosphors in the tube break down.

y The other advantage that CRT monitors held over L CD screens is the ability to easily

scale to various resolutions.

y By adjusting the electron beam in the tube, the screen can easily be adjusted downward to

lower resolutions while keeping the picture clarity intact

Disadvantagesy While these two items may play an important role for CRT monitors, there are

disadvantages as well. The biggest of these are the size and weight of the tubes. An

equivalent sized L CD monitor is upwards of 80% smaller in size and weight compared to

a CRT tube. The larger the screen, the bigger the size difference. The other major

drawback deals with the power consumption. The energy needed for the electron beam

means that the monitors consumer and generate a lot more heat than the L CD monitors.


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NEW INNOVATION OF MONITORS IN FUTURE

Alienware OptX W2210

The monitors design keeps the ports from showing,which is nice when youre looking at it,but

inconvenient when youre trying to plug things in to it. Four US B 2.0 ports,2 HDMI ports,a DVI-

D port and line-in and line-out audio jacks-all vertically oriented behind the monitor-are difficult

to access. On the plus side,the swivel,tilt and height of the display are easy to adjust.

View S onic VG2427wm 24-Inch Widescreen L CD Monitor

The VG2427wms 1920-by-1080 pixel native resolution theoretically makes it 1080p-ready,and

well-suited for HD content. U nfortunately,the display lacks an HDMI input,offering only DVI

and VGA ports. Viewsonic says that it intends the monitor for corporate and office use,but to


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take full advantage of its resolution,an HDMI input would seem to be a necessary feature. The

VG2427 does include three US B ports at the near. Four buttons on the bottom of the front bezel

control the on-screen display(O S D).

H P 200 9 m LCD Widescreen Monitor

The displays 20-inch-diagonal size enables it to have a 16:9 aspect ratio and a 1600 by 900

native resolution,which makes it appropriate for showing HD content. However,the 2009m does

not have an HDMI connection-it offers only VGA and DVI ports. The ports are set in at the back

of the display,to plug in cables,its actually easier to lay the display down on its face,which isnt

the best thing to do.

L enovo L 215p L CD Widescreen Monitor

The L 215p has a full range of multimedia features,including a Webcam at the top of the

screen,three US B ports,microphone and headphone jacks,and a built-in speaker bar that runs

along the bottom of the display. The speaker produced adequate volume,though movie and

gaming enthusiasts would likely want to purchase an external set.


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AOC Aire Black LED-backlit monitors launched

The series comes in three flavours-the 20-inch e2043Fk(1366x768 resolution),22-inch

e2243Fwk(1920x1080 resolution) and last but not least the 23-inch e2343Fk(1920x1080

resolution). The monitors themselves look fairly mundare with the usual extensive use of glossy

black plastics. They currently stand as the worlds thinnest monitors by our reckoning-at

least,until the 7.2 mm E2290V shows its face in the coming months. One redeeming feature is

the screen+ firmware which allows the monitor to be split into four separate sections for

different tasks.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

BIL CONTENTS PAGE1. INTROD U CTION 1

2 HI S TORY 2-33. EVO LU TION 44. FEAT U RE / CHARACTERI S TIC 5-65. F U NCTIONA L ITY 7-86. MAN U FACT U RER 9-137. ADVANTAGE S 14-168. NEW INNOVATION IN F U TU RE 17-199. REFERENCE S 20


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REFERENCES

1. Discovering Computer, Fundamental: input and output,20 11 Edition

2.Course Technology

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor

4. http://www.truckstuffusa.com/evolutionprogrammermonitorbyedgeproducts.html

5. http://www.monitorbeacon.net/history.html

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