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VPP LATENERGI projekta 6.2 ,, Kompleksi pētījumi par atjaunojamo
energoresursu ieguves un izmantošanas inovatīvajām tehnoloģijām
un biogāzes ražošanas potenciālu atkritumu pārstrādes nozarē’’
1. Posms (2014. gads)
ATSKAITE
Saturs
1. Pārskats Latvijas biogāzes ražotņu darba analīze2. BIOGAS POTENTIAL FROM FRESHWATER ALGAE3. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF VEGETABLES PROCESSING WASTES
WITH CATALYST METAFERM
1.PĀRSKATS
LATVIJAS BIOGĀZES RAŽOTŅU DARBA ANALĪZE
DARBA IZPILDĪTĀJI: Vilis Dubrovskis Dr.sc.ing
Imants Plūme Mg.sc. ing
Biogāzes ražošana Latvijā• Biogāze ir viens no visperspektīvākajiem atjaunojamās enerģijas resursiem, jo to
var izmantot gan elektroenerģijas gan siltuma ražošanai un arī kā degvielu transporta līdzekļiem. To var arī izmantot pēc attīrīšanas kā labas kvalitātes dabas gāzi. Tās saražošanai ir izmantojama jebkura biomasa un arī organiskie atkritumi, kas parasti netika izmantoti un to utilizēšanai tika ieguldīti ievērojami finansu līdzekļi. Biogāzes ražošana dod ievērojamu SEG ietaupījumu salīdzinot ar fosilo kurināmo.
• Latvijā pašlaik (2014) darbojas 54 biogāzes ražotnes.
• Pēc labvēlīgo valsts atbalsta MK noteikumu (262, 221) izsludināšanas daudzi vēlējās būvēt biogāzes ražotnes un saņēma kvotas. Tomēr dažādu apstākļu dēļ ražotnes netika uzbūvētas un kvotas izmantotas.
• 2009. gadā pēc atbalsta noteikumu MK 262 pieņemšanas sākās strauja biogāzes projektu attīstība un turpinājās līdz 2012.g., kad to ierobežoja jaunākie lēmumi. Kaut arī optimistiskie aprēķini liecināja, ka, ja izmantotu līdz tam neizmantotās lauksaimniecības zemes, kuru kopējā platība pēc 2010 g. datiem sasniedza 368500 ha, kopējo biogāzes ražotņu elektrisko jaudu būtu lietderīgi palielināt līdz 300MW, EM uzskatīja, ka tai nevajadzētu pārsniegt 92MW. Praksē vairāk kā 70% atbalsta nauda tika izmaksāta koģenerācijas stacijām, kas izmanto dabas gāzi. Šobrīd esošā atbalsta metodika dabas gāzes koģenerācijas stacijām ir pretrunā ar valsts un elektroenerģijas lietotāja interesēm, jo elektroenerģijas, kas ražota no dabas gāzes, cena Latvijā ir lielāka par elektroenerģijas cenu Nord Pool tīklā.
Biogas production in Latvia• One of the most promising energy resources is biogas, which can be obtained from
cogeneration plants in anaerobic fermentation process. Latvia is already running 54
biogas cogeneration plants, and maize silage is the most common biomass used as
feedstock, as it gives large quantity of biomass and good yield of biogas.
• After the favorable state aid Cabinet of Ministers Regulation (262, 221) announcing
many wanted to build a biogas plant and received allowances. However, for various
reasons the plants were not built and used quotas.
In 2009, following aid rules MK 262 began making rapid development of biogas
projects and continued until 2012, when it was limited last decisions. Although
optimistic calculations showed that if until then to use unused agricultural land with
the total area by 2010. data amounted to 368 500 ha, the total electric capacity of
biogas plants would be useful to increase to 300MW, EM considered that it should
not exceed 92MW. In practice, more than 70% of the aid money was paid for CHP
plants that use natural gas. At present, the existing aid methodology for natural gas
cogeneration stations is incompatible with the state and the power user's interests in
electricity produced from natural gas, the price of Latvian is greater than the price of
electricity in Nord Pool network.
Biogāzes ražotņu atrašanās vietas
Biogāzes ražotņu darbības analīze• Biogāzes ražotņu darbība salīdzināta vērtējot uzstādītās elektriskās jaudas
izmantošanu 2014.gada pirmajā pusgadā.
• Jaudas izmantošanas koeficients aprēķināts pēc sekojošas formulas:
• Jik= Ep/0,5 Kg %, kur
• Jik- jaudas izmantošanas koeficients %
• Ep- pusgadā saražotā elektriskā enerģija MWh
• Kg-elektrības realizācijas kvota gadā MWh
• Latvijas biogāzes ražotnes analizētajā periodā vidēji ir ražojušas elektroenerģiju 73,15% no paredzētā apjoma. Tas izskaidrojams ar daudzajām tehniskajām problēmām iekārtu darbībā un izejvielu trūkumu kā arī ar kļūdām bioloģisko procesu vadībā. Dažas ražotnes šajā periodā tika apturētas uz laiku lai iztīrītu sakrājušos bioreaktoros neorganiskos nosēdumus. Tās dīkstāves šajā periodā nav ievērtētas.
• Tehnoloģijas un iekārtas piegādāja vairākas Vācijas firmas un viena Nīderlandes (Host Energy), kura arī iekārtas faktiski iepirka no Vācijas ražotājiem. Projektus piesaistīja vietējie projektētāji un arī praktiskos būvdarbus veica daudzas Latvijas būvfirmas.
Biogas plant performance analysis• Biogas plants in operation compared to the assessment of the installed capacity
utilization in the first half of 2014.Capacity utilization rate calculated by the following formula:
JIK = Ep / Kg 0.5% JIK- capacity utilization rate %Ep-half of the produced electric energy MWhKg-electricity sales quota in MWhLatvian biogas plants over the period average electricity produced 73.15% of the target amount. This is explained by the many technical issues in the operation of facilities and shortage of raw materials as well as process management, biological errors. Some factories during this period was suspended for a period of time to clear away the accumulated inorganic sludge digesters. They downtime not evaluate during this period.Technology and equipment supplied by a number of German companies and one of the Netherlands (Host Energy) that the equipment actually purchased from German manufacturers. The projects attracted local designers and the practical works carried out many Latvian construction companies.
Ražotnes, kuras izmantoja dažādu firmu tehnoloģijas un iekārtas
1. MT-Energy Uzstād.
jauda
MW el.
Kvota
gadā
elektr. MWh
Jaudas
izmantošanas
koeficients%
1.1. AD biogāzes stacija Skrudalienas
pag.
1,96 15480 95,74
1.2. Agro Iecava Iecavas nov. 1,95 14040 79,86
1.3. Bioenerģija 08 Sarkaņu p.
Madonas nov.
1,96 15680 29,34
1.4. Conatus Bioenergy Ērgļu nov. 1,96 15680 82,19
1.5. Grow Energy Limbažu nov.
Gravas
1,96 15679 82,89
1.6. RZS Energo SIA Sesavas p. 0,998 7850 99,56
1.7. Ekorima Lēdurgas pag.Krimuldas
nov.
0,95 7500 99,13
1.8. Vecsiljāņi Bebru p. Kokneses nov. 0,98 7840 53,67
Vidēji 77,8
2. Binowa BIOLAK Baltic
2.1. Agrofirma Tērvete SIA 0,5 4000 103,1
2.2. Alusdarītava Tērvete 1,5 12000 32,8
2.3. Baltijas dārzeņi Salaspils 1,0 8000 94,99
2.4. BP Energy Krastmalas Allažu
p.
0,245 2500 48,07
2.5. Līgo Vintera ZS Jelgavas n. 0,5 4000 100,0
2.6. Nopa LTD Ilūkste 0,25 2000 20,3
2.7. Zaļā Mārupe Jaunmārupe 1,0 8000 100,27
2.8 LB Energy 0,21 1680 79,71
Vidēji 72,40
3. Biogas Nord
3.1. Agro Lestene Lestene 1,5 12000 77,0
3.2. Agro 3 Litene 1,5;
1,0
12000
8000
30,41
45,63
3.3. Bērzi Bio Mālpils 0,526 4000 87,59
3.4. Bio Auri Kroņauce 0,6 4560 100,5
3.5. Daile Agro Nākotne 1,0 8000 94,45
3.6. International Investments
Līvāni
1,5 12000 28,07
3.7. Zaļās Zemes Enerģija
Skrīveri
1,0 8000 46,9
3.8.* Druvas Unguri Saldus nov. 0,5 4116 92,37
Vidēji 69,66; 71,56
4. Envitec Uzstādītā
Jauda
MWel
Kvota
gadā
elektr. MWh
Jaudas
izmantošanas
Koeficients %
4.1. BIO Future Vaiņodes
nov.
1,0 8000 80,31
4.2. BIO PAB 0,6 4400 58,67
4.3. Lielmežotne Mežotnes
p. Bauskas nov.
0,98 8000 99,53
4.4. Pampāļi Pampāļu p.
Saldus nov.
1,0 8000 94,91
4.5. Sprūževa Rēzeknes
nov.
0,5 3884 96,83
4.6. Viļānu SIS Viļānu
nov.
0,95 7600 82,41
Vidēji 85,44
5. Ecogen Uzstādītā
Jauda
MWel
Kvota
gadā
elektr. MWh
Jaudas
izmantošanas
Koeficients %
5.1. ECO Zeta Cesvaine 0,98 7840 38,08
5.2. Piejūra Energy Nīca 1,611 12888 86,51
5.3. Zemgales enerģijas
parks Bēne
0,99 8000 64,68
5.4. Zemgaļi JR Vircava 0,5 4000 100,36
Vidēji 72,41
7. Weltec Biopower - UPB Uzstādītā
Jauda
MWel
Kvota
gadā
elektr. MWh
Jaudas
izmantošanas
Koeficients %
7.1. Jaundzelves Katvaru pag. 0,526 4043 58,31
7.2. Sidgunda BIO Sidgundas p.
Mālpils nov.
0,6 4400 98.36
7.3. Ulbroka Stopiņu nov. 0,252 2016 62,34
7.4. Vecauce Auces nov. 0,26 2200 69,38
Vidēji 72,10
8 Agraferm Uzstādītā
Jauda MWel
Kvota
gadā
elektr. MWh
Jaudas
izmantošanas
Koeficients %
Biodegviela Jaunkalsnava 1,9 15200 75,47
9 Clean Gas
Mc-bio Zaļenieku pag. 0,996 7968 73,09
BioPlus Kastuļina Aglonas
nov.
0,6 4488 61,76
CleanGas vidēji 67,43
Tehnoloģiju un iekārtu piegādes firmu rezultātu salīdzinājums
Nosaukums Ražotņu skaits
Latvijā
Kopējā
uzstādītā jauda
MWel
Jaudas izmantošanas
koeficients vid. %
Vieta
Envitec 6 5,03 85,44 1
MT-Energy 8 12,72 77,8 2
Agraferm 1 1,9 75,47 3
Ecogen 4 4,08 72,41 4
Binowa 8 5,205 72,4 5
Weltec
Biopower UPB
4 2,038 72,10 6
Biogas Nord 8 7,626 71,56 7
Host Energy 3 3,698 68,88 8
Clean Energy 2 1,596 67,43 9
Biogas producing from wastes onlyNosaukums Uzstādītā
jauda
MWel
Saražota
elektroenerģija
kwh
Jaudas
izmantošanas
koeficients %
BO Getliņi EKO 5,24 15929631 88,50
SIA Rekonstrukcija un
investīcijas
0,56 2906670 73,03
Liepājas Ras Ķīvītes 0,45 1390030 92,67
Liepājas Ras Šķēde Sadedzina lāpā
SIA ZAAO Enerģija 0,35 489643 75,33
SIA Brakšķi enerģija 0,18 426053 28,90
Rigens 1,998 5544891 70,14
Vidēji 71,42
BIOGAS POTENTIAL FROM FRESHWATER ALGAE• Freshwater algae (Chlorella Vulgaris) is one of the plants, that also gives great yield
of biomass yield and hence could be used for biogas production. Competition on arable land areas increases and particularly frustrated are those farmers who based biogas production efficiency on cheap land rent. On other hand, although Latvia has lot of unused or underused lands (around 360,000 ha in 2010), farmers, who do not own a biogas plant, put the pressure on the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economy aimed to limit the use of arable land for biogas production. Therefore, the production of raw materials from unused lands would be most supported and encouraged.
• The objective of this study was to find out how much methane and biogas can be obtained from algae Chlorella Vulgaris cultivated in open ponds and whether this input can compete with other biomass, especially with maize silage.
Specific biogas and methane production from algae
Comparison of biogas and methane production from various raw biomasses
Conclusions and proposals
• Biogas and methane yield obtainable from algae biomass cultivated at Ltd. Delta Riga experimental plant is relatively higher compare to other agricultural biomass for biogas and methane production.
• Comparing of Biogas and methane yield from algae cultivated in the wastewater of sewage treatment facilities (Study 2) is by 21 % and 34 % higher compared to biogas and methane yield from algae cultivated with complex fertilizer Varicon(Study 1).
• Algae Chlorella Vulgaris from 1 ha ponds area give higher biogas yield, compare to that obtainable from maize or grass 1 ha area. In addition, land used under ponds may be not appropriate for agricultural use.
• The results of the investigation shows, that Chlorella Vulgaris is a very good alternative biomass to replace or to complement other raw materials for biogas production.
• The study of frozen and unfrozen confirmed that algae can be stored in frozen conditions without loss the ability to produce biogas and methane, however, the best method is the fresh algae utilisation during its normal growing period (170 days period in a year at climatic conditions of Latvia).
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF VEGETABLES PROCESSING WASTES
WITH CATALYST METAFERM
Vilis Dubrovskis, Imants Plūme,
Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Energetics
Biogas and methane calculation• The biogas volume produced from the added biomass calculates as
follows:VBA = VBS-VBIN
MdomA
• where VBA – biogas produced from dry organic matter (dom) of added biomass, l·kgdom
-1;• VBS – biogas produced from dom of substrate in anaerobic
fermentation process, l;• VBIN – biogas volume produced from dom of inoculum in anaerobic
fermentation process, l;• MdomA – mass of volatile solids in added biomass, kgdom.• That same way calculated produced methane
• In the first study raw onion and carrot processing residues were investigated. In the second study cabbage leaves and potato processing waste were used as raw material in bioreactors. Methods of experiments were the same for both investigations.
Biogas and methane l gDOM-1 from onion and
carrot processing wastes
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
ON+IN ON+IN +1ml MF ON+IN+2ml MF CR+IN CR+IN+1ml MF CR+IN+2ml MF ON+CR+IN+2ml MF
Biogas, l gDOM-1 Methane, l gDOM-1
Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm resulted in considerably higher methane production compared to control reactors (with onion or carrot substrates only) in all bioreactors except from reactors with onions. This indicates that the onions have the substances that can maintain active anaerobic fermentation process itself, or it may act as stimulant substrates without and with addition of biocatalyst MF.
Biogas and methane l gDOM-1 from potato and
cabbage
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
CL+IN CL+IN+1ml MF CL+IN+2ml MF PO+IN PO+IN+1ml MF PO+IN+2ml MF CL+PO+IN+2ml MF
Biogas, l gDOM-1 Methane, l gDOM-1
Conclusions• Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm have an impact on fermentation process in all
substrates compare to control without MF addition.
• Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm in doses of 1 ml and 2 ml in substrates with onions lowered methane production by by 8.5% and 9% compare to control substrate respectively. Interactions between inoculum, onion and biocatalyst should be investigated more detail in further reseach.
• Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm in doses of 1 ml rised methane production by 5,5%, 13.6% and 53.2% in substrates with potato, cabbage and carrot wastes compare to control substrates respectively.
• Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm in 2 ml rised methane production by 17%, 25.2% and 31.1% in substrates with potato, cabbage, and carrot wastes compare to control substrates respectively.
• Addition of biocatalyst MF in dose 2 ml in substrates with cabbage : potato cuttings (50 : 50) results in increase of methane production by 7,63% compare to average methane production from cabbage and carrots substrates with 2 ml MF addition.
• Addition of 2 ml biocatalyst Metaferm into carrots : onions mixture (50 : 50) resulted in methane yield increase by 17.5% more than from control bioreactors containing carrots, but by 11.8% less than from control bioreactors with onions.
Thank you for attention!
Addition of 2 ml biocatalyst Metaferm into cabbage : potato mixture (50 : 50) resulted in methane yield increase by 33% more than average value from control bioreactors containing cabbage and potato mixtures without MF. This result also confirms positive effect of biocatalyst Metaferm on cabbage or potatoes substrates in anaerobic digestion process.
