Auctions and Multi-agent SystemsAuctions and Multi-agent Systems

발표자 발표자 : 96419-047 : 96419-047 오 연 희오 연 희

Purpose

Discuss how a virtual institution can be derived from the Llotja(a fish market)

Show how this institution can be applied to define other institutions where the participants can be software agents

Auction

Auctions are price-fixing mechanisms

: bidding conventionAuction houses is institutions

: also, other equally relevant conventions are used. (about registration of participants and goods, guarantees, payment, commissions, starting prices, etc...)

Three types of conventions

Ontologic and Communicational Conventions

Social Conventions

Individual Behaviur Rules

But, we are concerned with VI!!

The Difference of virtual institution from traditional auction house

- Virtual location

- software agentConsequently, it could be understood as a

multi-agent system model, or more specifically, as its computational realization in the Internet.

Feature of Virtual Institution

Message Exchange

strong dialogical stance Dialogical system

Llotja (a fish market of Blances) : traditional auction house

Five scenes(location, staff)

1. Buyers’ register(AR, ba)

2. Goods’ register(RR, sa)

3. Goods’ show and auction(AH, auct)

4. Credits and goods delivery(DR, bm)

5. Sellers’ settlements(BO, sm)

Scenes in the Blanes Llotja

Illocutions used in an upward bidding round in the Fishmarket

Fishmarket bidding rounds

The Difference of Fishmarket from the Blanes auction

The Participants can be computer programs executed in a remote location

collisions are managed in the Fishmarket

- by a random selection of a winner

Institution

Dialogical FrameworkPerformative Structure

: articulation of scenesIndividual Behavior Rules

FM = <DF, PS, BR>FM = <DF, PS, BR>

Performative Structure

Commitments established in an auction house

Exchange of auctioned goodstheir featuresthe exchange conditions

Information structure for Commitments in the Fishmarket

The auction’s catalogue

: storage of information related to the goods auctioned

each seller’s account

: identification, the income and commissionseach buyer’s account

: credit and the purchases mode

Individual Behavior Rules(purpose)

The need of making these conventions explicit and more intelligible for users or external observers

To facilitate the definition and update of the institution’s conventions

Individual Behavior Rules(example)

Closed bidding auction

- operator(selected and creditstatus) is added and extended

Vickrey bidding : upward and closed bidding

- selected operator is changed

Convention Variant of the Fishmarket 1.

Convention Variant of the Fishmarket 2.

The same individual rules, the same illocutions and the same operators could be used for any of its variants

Use of sufficiently general operators

- parametrized

Compoments of Dialogical Framework for Fishmarket

Agents a set of identifiersRol = {boss, auct, sa, sm, ba, bm} {s, b}SR = {<boss, x> : x Rol \ boss}Loc = {AH, RR, AR, DR, BO, M}L the “object language”CL (a communication language)ML (metalanguage to define behaviour rules)T a time model

Models and Implementation

FM: auction houseA: auctionG: auctioned goodsA: participating agentsE0…Ew: the incidents evolveA = <A, G, <E0..Ew>>

Institutions

Agent-mediated institution - “Cohabited Mixed Reality Information Space” project

Agent-based instutions - “medical protocols” SMASH project

Closing Remarks #1 Artificial Intelligence

A interdisciplinary problemother fields of AI

Closing Remarks #2multi-agent systems

Constitute a non-trivial problema domain in which competitive evaluation is

possibleauctions are a conveniently scalable problem

Closing Remarks #3Electronic Commerce

Electronic exchange through the InternetThe opportunity of developing agents