B PHILIPPINES.pdf

7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf

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Luzon

1. I D

F

2. I M A

(IMA) F

3. I F

4. ASCODE5. LIKAS

Visayas

6. PROCESS

7. L P

8. Aq D

F

Mindanao

9. FORWARD

10. A-j D

F

11. B M

12. C

13. S-M

14.

15. L D

nCR

16. PEA

17. K C F

18. GABRIELA

19. PAAMABA

20. C W R


3/103125

ChapteR 7

the iCt enViRonMent and infRastRuCtuRe

in the phiLippines

engLish as a MediuM of CoMMuniCation in the phiLippines

A A , P

E- (P, 2005). T

P . I .

gendeR gap

T P 6 q A

10. G

P :

(4), (1), (22),

(1). T P A

(W

E F, 2006)

W 39%

, (64%), (57%), (67%),

(56%).

the phiLippines Media pRofiLe

A P P A,

. H,


4/103126

philippines

, ( ) .

L (S., 2006).

soCiaL RoLe

T ,

F . T

,

, - (S., 2006). P ,

, tv,

- , .

H, P , ,

, (S.,

2006).

T

. T x

. W ,

(C, 1999).

pRint Media

newspapeRs

T N C R (NCR) 22%

. T 13 j

, 17 , 32 z, 39 5 C (S.,

2006).

T 441 13 z. M

, , -, - ,

(S., 2006).

T Phlppne Daly Inqurer 257,416.

Ownership

N P . A

S z , C-F ,

, (C, 1999).


5/103127

the ict environment and inrastructure

E Y, x, Manla Bullen , J G,

R M S C, Manla mes .

inQ7

INQ7 I I. j

P -- Phlppne Daly Inqurer,

, GMA N I.,

P (Iq7., 2006). INQ7 F z (I

z) 12.4 , J 2002

(L, 2006).

wOmens Access tO news pApers

M

. T P

j (, 2004).

R 1980

z . B ,

. I , z

(D Cz, 1988). I 1986, j j

,

S B Aq J. . T , ,

. A -

: E A, B G B

L M (D Cz, 1988). H,

10 , (Az, 2004).

In all our newspapers, there were more males than emales in board and editorialpositions. However, the ratio o emale to male reporters appeared to be equal. What

this points to is the apparent difculty that women reporters encounter in rising to the

rank o editor or board member (Tolentino, 2004).

CoMMunity papeRs

C .

I 1998, 408 , .

T j


6/103128

philippines

. S ,

j (R, 1999).

tabLoids

x 2000

3,347,744. A ,Bulgar

448,450 , Peoples JournalPeoples ongh,

382,200 365,811, (S., 2006).

Magazines

I Manla mes, G S M,

z P,

(S M, 2006). I 1995 Preew,

z, x Cosmopolan

Mare Clare.

CoMiCs

T P . I 1800,

J Rz F- Te Monkey

and he orose (K, 2006). I 1960,

, 17% E (Y, 1962). A C

Bj 1950

1960. H, 1970 P

M L. T M

. A

, q (K, 2006).

Radio and teLeVision bRoadCasting

B tv q,

-

. T x tv 1994

F L, E M M S. B , 81.22%

44.93% tv (S.,

2006). B P A

.


7/103129


Radio

T P KZKZ H M M

1922. T , KZRM KZEG,

. I 1929,

. I , 81%

50 F 1994 x . A

81.6% x (S., 2006).

A 2002 A R N C

(NC), D 31, 2002, x 369 AM 583 FM

P NC (N C

[NC], 2003).

T ,

- . T

, . S

,

q (Y, 1962, . 73). C FM AM

P

.

CoMMunity Radio

C ,

. U

,

x. I

ambul j L P,

P, P P PPPP, j ambul

CA (C A ) (D, 2001). A

j narrowasng

.

teLeVision

Ownership

O ,

P, (S, 2003).

M M, 96% tv . A

, .


8/103130

philippines

tv 73% Lz (

), 60% V, 63% M.T P

. A , - (C

C, D E) (P, 2005). M M 13 j

, M M (S., 2006).

A 1950, P

U S

(z, 2006). T

. H,

: -. M . Ex

.

O , -

,

(S, 2004). elenoelas

. A

, Mx K elenoelas, J

(S, 2004).

FilipinO Owned

A 100% F q P

, S A (S, 2003).

H,

(S,

2004, . 166). A ,

P . A

,

(S, 2003).

Qtv

Qtv (Q tv-1) GMA N ,

, T

(Qtv C 11, 2006). A ,

,

.


9/103131


cAble televisiOn

T , A,

1969 B C (S., 2006)

. I 2000,

217 . R VI ( V)

84 , R II (C) (S.,

2006). I P, tv

tv . C

M M j

, q

(S, 2004). S 1960,

-

(S, 2004).

Film

W 172,022 381 M M 12

5 , N C R (NCR)

. R IV

69,780 150 (S., 2006).O 373 , 215 57.6 M M

NCR (P, 2005). C M M

A C, R C,

P C (P, 2005). T

. I 2003, P 109

(P, 2005). N, US

P (P, 2005). I 2003,

- .

tAr get mA rket

B z , P

, . Y , 45

, 83.76% P . O ,

42.44% 41.32% . T

(P, 2005).


10/103132

philippines

tRaditionaL and indigenous CoMMuniCation tooLs

fiesta

L ,

.F F

, .

B P S , C

. A P, M x , 83%

P C (S., 2006). F

P q C S

F

C . I S

(Jq, 2006). F

P , .

ChanneLs of peRsonaL infLuenCe

R Y (1962)

. T

, 45.7% . T

(14.4%), (6%), sar-sar () (2.3%) (1.5%). W

sar-sar , sar-sar

. A

.

theatRe

C P F ,

, , , x,

. T P , (Fz, 1996). T P E T A,

PEA, P - (Fz, 1996).

I , . O

q /

Mq W N V C. A P

, N V C ,

, x, ,

, q, x , x, ,

, (N V C, 2006).


11/103133


new iCts

teLeCoMMuniCations

T P SMS . A 2003,

22 . M

25% , x . T

, ,

F (L, 2006). B 2003

P A, , 94% F

x , 70% x 10

(L, 2006).

I , x

, ,

. F x, z ,

x (L, 2006). Cz

P G M-A

X GMA. T C S C XCSC

z , , q CSC

(L, 2006).

x - .

x, F F M

A,

SMS (L, 2006). T

x , EDSA 2,

P J E.

inteRnet and otheR new ICTS

T P I M 1994,

. I I P, . N, ,

, . T

E- C

R Vz, , C D NGO N

F M A (P, 1999). M, 90% I

f P USA, P

I (L, 2003). T j

E.


12/103134

philippines

W IC , 1994 --

I (VOIP), (SMS), (W-F)

(3G), . IC

x

- IC .

, , I

(L U,

2003).

A I U, 2.7

(PC) 100 2001. T 2.77 2002. H, N S

Of, F I Ex S, PC

2.79% 2000 3.87% 2003. H

PC, 5.90% -

PC 3.48% - .

tabLe 1. HouseHold ownersHip of personal computers, 2000 and 2003

nl icm dclprc hl

2000 2003l 0.0 0.0

s 0.0 0.0

th 0.0 0.11

fh 0.5 0.22

fh 0.5 0.26

sxh 0.27 0.63

sh 0.73 1.36

eh 1.64 3.15

nh 4.43 7.51th 20.27 30.18

n 2.79 3.87

Soure: NSO as quoed by FMA (2006a)

H, ict, ict

,

ict.


13/103135


woMens aCCess to new iCts

T U N H D R

, F

. A P

1999-2000 40%

(x ) . T

S A (F, 2000 S-A, 2006). A

, ict ,

-. A

x, ,

. A

tv - (Lz, 2001). H, ict

, q F

ict , , x

(Lz, 2001).

faCtoRs affeCting Media and CoMMuniCation tooLs

pRint

T P , La Soldardad

Kalayaan P M Kapunan . J RzNol

Me angereand El Flbusersmo,

S, P .

T -

. A

P j,

q x

. T j 1945

M L S 21, 1972. T M

, , ,

.

A

, . G

,

. F, D (1990, . 4) ,

,


14/103136

philippines

.C, j

P j. S ,

80

(R, 2006). P-EDSA j

M-A ,

, P

C P P (Lz, 2006)

Radio and teLeVision

A ,

, -

. M, ,

,

q

(R, 1999, . 51). I 1999 , ABS-CBN

E Lz III , - ,

. T ABS

(Rz, 1999, . 55).

Ownership

M

C. T

P

(P D Iq E, 2006). A PDI ,

60% P , F

, -

--- q

, (P D Iq E, 2006). H,

q ,

.

pOlitics

T

. T

. C F-H (2004),


15/103137


. B

, ,

j (. 1).

regulAtiOn: legAl And illegAl

A S (2003), P tv

, f, - . C

x tv

x . P

x x (F-H, 2004).

perceptiOns OF the mediA

T

P

. A

- . F , P , M P D P

2004-2010, -

j . H,

, P .

woMen, CoMMuniCation, Media, and new iCts

D A ,

j . A - A M-G, C G-N E A. W

D M, L

F G Ez M,

. M

.

A ,

H

. T ,


16/103138

philippines

- , N A.T 1970 1980 ,

j

M . T E D. A,

B G-B, A B, S C, M J, C D, M

PL L, J-A M, L M, M M, Nz C O,

Mz P D .

A , -

. P

,, (L B, 2001). A 1995, 18

P 80 (L B,

2001). W .

B ,

. A L M x, ,

(L B,

2001). T

,

.

woMens MoVeMents and theiR aCCess

to CoMMuniCation tooLs

woMens MoVeMent

A P

, S A . F

M . W

(S, 2006). W ,

F

- (S, 2006).

Media: doubLe edged swoRd

F

. N,


17/103139


. T

, x, j (C, J V, 2004). A

x S R C. I

US-P V F A,

N US .

N , F S R,

, ( F S R, 2006). T

x ,

N. I . A

N . I , F j N.

KaLayaan

KALAYAAN Kalayaan ng Kababahan, Kalayaan ng Bayan, sabay nang

paglaban! J 1986 F Q S. KALAYAAN

P. KALAYAAN q

,

.W KALAYAAN x

M L,

(E, 1988).

genpeaCe

A j, GENPEACE

. C j

. GENPEACE

. GENPEACE

, -

M (M, 2005). I 2002, j

x - - . T

j x - j

(M, 2005).


18/103140

philippines

gabRieLa (geneRaL asseMbLy binding woMen foR RefoRMs,

integRity, equaLity, LeadeRship and aCtion)

GABRIELA

j, q,

F . F 20 , GABRIELA

.

S , GABRIELA x -

(C ., 2004). GABRIELA , ,

. I , x

Pangarap a Hnagps: Mga Aw ng Kababahang Marala,

A S.

KanLungan

KANLUNGAN q

F . M,

KANLUNGAN (C .,

2004). I j. W

F ,

x, KANLUNGAN (C ., 2004).

KANLUNGAN , , . I

I, ,

. I

(C ., 2004).

woMenLead

WLEAD

-. WLEAD

. I

-. M, WLEAD

,

(C ., 2004). WLEAD

, . I

.

H, WLEAD


19/103141


(C ., 2004). A

, ,

.

the woMens Media CiRCLe foundation, inC. (woMedia)

T W M C (W) F -, -

,

, . I

P j. I , W

. I

, W ,

,

j.

E 1985 M , W

1986. I j

WomanWah. T DWIZ-AM 1990. RadyoWomanWah 1993. I 1995,

- x

U N I C P D C

(U N, 1994) U N W C W Bj

(U N, 1995), W

. F , W XYZ

M-M A C . T , W

:

1) - x , - x

; 2) XYZ-KALAKASAN C S N Lz; 3) tv

; , 4)

.

the Kababaihan Laban sa KaRahasan foundation, inC.

(KaLaKasan)

T K L S K F, I. (KALAKASAN)

- .


20/103142

philippines

KALAKASANS ,

, j, j, , . I , KALAKASAN

,

. KALAKASAN

, .

KALAKASAN j

- (S, 2006).

KALAKASAN, , Qz

C L Ex P P D. O P D P

F R M 1993 P D

P (S, 2006).

Cant LiVe in the CLoset, inC. (CLiC)

CLIC -, - O

1993. CLIC

(S, 2006). CLIC

- , , x. I

, CLIC , - ,

, . CLIC -

, DC (S, 2006).

wedpRo

WEDPRO

f x (T A F

P, I., 2001). I , - .

WEDPRO , .

woMens featuRe seRViCe (wfs phiLippines inC.)

T W F S

. WFS

, , , .

M, WFS

(S, 2006). WFS -


21/103143


400 125 j 60

(S, 2006).

LagabLab

T L G L A N-P (LAGABLAB)

, -, - , , x

(LGB)

, x

(LAGABLAB, 2006). I LGB

A-P R (APR). A , j A-

D B,

F LGB (LAGABLAB, 2006).

ang LadLad - the nationaL oRganisation of fiLipino Lesbians,

gays, bisexuaLs and tRansgendeRs (Lgbt)

A L F , , x

(A L, 2006). T , - 2007,

, ,

(A L, 2006). T ,

tv Dong Puno Le, Saks, Unang Hr

Sar,Inqurer

.

isis inteRnationaL-ManiLa

I I M -

. D , x , x

, --

(B, 2003).

H , I I M

ict x j ,

. I

,

,

.


22/103144

philippines

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P I A. (2000).Phlppne meda abook: Oher as and gures 2000.

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R, L. (1999). T . I S. S. C (E.), From Loren o Marmar: Te

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Rz, E. (1999). I: E G Lz III. I S. S. C (E.), From Loren

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J.

Sz, Z. A. (1999). A B K P. I Bagong Kasaysayan. Qz

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S-A, C. (2006). Possble worlds n mpossble paes. Qz C: A

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S, K. (2000). T . I M. MK (E.), Teory o he noel: A

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S, J. M.C. (2004). R : P

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K (E.), eleson, regulaon and l soey n Asa. L: R Cz.

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S, A. (E.) (1991).Pangarap a hnagps : Mga aw ng kababahang marala. (D

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. N. X. M. (2000). T N . I Te geopols o he sble: Essays on

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W F S (2006). Womens Feaure Sere. R N 23, 2006,

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Y, J H C. (1962, N). C

P .Journal o Asan Sudes, 22 (1), 67-77.


29/103151

ChapteR 8

how inteRMediaRy gRoups use CoMMuniCation tooLs

foR gRassRoots woMens eMpoweRMent in the phiLippines

Atotal o 20 j P

. T j

. T

O I S

q

. F ,

x.

I q

.

type of inteRMediaRy gRoup

B O I S (OIS)

, j (10

50% )

. O 5 (25%) . T

(15%) . T 2 (10%)

. F 1

.


30/103152

philippines

figuRe 1. type of organisation (based on beneficiaries) (n=20)

Mission/thRust of the oRganisation

T OIS

- (90%). M (80%),

- (80%),

(80%). T q (75%)

(60%). O

(15%) (5%).

figuRe 2. mission / tHrust of organisation (n=20)

WOMEN IN GENERAL

GRASSROOTS IN GENERAL

GRASSROOTS WOMEN

OTHERS

10%

15%

25%

50%

0

20

40

60

80

100

ECONOMIC

EMPOWERMENT

GOVERNANCE

GENDER

MAINSTREAMING

NETWORKING

RESEARCH

EDUCATION/

PERCENTAGESBUILDING

SERVICES

90%

80%

60%

75%80%

80%

15%

50%55%

5%

PERCENTAGES

TRAINING/

CAPACITY

BUILDING

ADVOCACY

ORGANISING/

COMMUNITY

BUILDING


31/103153

how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment

stRategy in CoMMuniCating with gRassRoots woMen

T

, , -

(65%), -(60%), -

(55%), (40%). Ex - ,

.

figuRe 3. strategy in communicating witH grassroots women (n=20)

uses of CoMMuniCation tooLs

T , ,

. F 4 . A 20

. I,

,

x . A,

.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

EDUCATION/CONSCIOUSNESSRAISING

TRAININGCAPACITYBUILDING

ORGANISINGCOMMUNITYBUILDING

SERVICE DELIVERY

ADVOCACY/

MOBILISATIONS

ECONOMIC

EMPOWERMENT

RESEARCH/

DOCUMENT

OTHERS

NETWORKING/

LINKAGES

65%

60%

20%

35%

40%

55%

5%

14%15%P

ERCENTAGES


32/103154

philippines

figuRe 4. uses of communication tools (n=20)

M (70%).

S

:

S, , x ,

,

q .

T

xz :

Q , PP

,

.

A (65%). T

. O , I

. T j z.

A .

TRAINING

EDUCATION

ADVOCACY

ANNOUNCEMENT

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

70%

65%

60%60%

PERCENTAGES


33/103155


C (60%). T

, f:

U , ,

, , 15

, , , , ,

.

C

. S x

. A :

S, q

, , x

. F x

, , PO.

CoMMuniCation tooLs used by inteRMediaRy gRoups

T j ,

, , . T

F 5.

figuRe 5. communication tools used by intermediary groups (n=20)

0

20

40

60

80

100

90%

80%

70%70%

65%

PERCENTAGES

FILM/ VIDEO (1)

RADIO (2)

COMPUTERS (3)

THEATRE (3)

CELLULAR PHONE (4)


34/103156

philippines

T P -

, . F 18 20 (90%). S

,

. S

, . I

,

. A , . A ,

, CD .

T , . S

- ; .S G D (GAD)

V A W (VAW),

, HIV/AIDS, .

F , , ,

. F

j , , ,

:I -,

. B

. T .F

, . S -

,

. A :

F x, ,

j, . F

. A , ,

, M, x,

, M, I, ,

j .

F ,

.

B ,

. F ,

, . F ,


35/103157


z

. I , ,

.

T ,

- : - ,

. T . T,

16 20 (80%)

.

S , . T

, . O , ,

. T

. I

,

x .

T, q

. F

, . F

, f . D f,

. H,

. A

.

D ,

. S

. B ,

. A

:

A ,

,

! E ,

,

, ! I , W ? N, I

, I I

I j .


36/103158

philippines

M

. U : O ,

, ,

.

T - ,

14 (70%). I,

PP . W PP,

.

T

:

Q , PP

,

.

T

. P

: E I, , , ,

, , W, ! T .

()

O

:

Y, () ,

T ! I ,

, , LCD, .

F , , ,

. T -

,

-x.

F 13 - (65%), . M

- , VAW. S

, .

O,


37/103159


PEA, . W ,

.T

x. O

. A ,

.

T . I

. I ,

. I , q j

. A :

A , ,

, ,

. I ,

, .

T , -

.

T 13 (65%). A ,

q :

C, . I ,

( ). T

. I

I ,

, - :B

, .

T (SMS) x. B

x,

, . G

x

q

.

S

, x


38/103160

philippinesphilippines

f, ,

:

I , 80% f

, x 3 , ,

, x, ,

, - ,

j x, .

H,

, , :

A , , O, ? A

? T . () I ,

, . T j H ? I

OK? W ? T

. W .

S x

x. x x - . I

:

A, , , ,

T , . B ,

, x, ,

, .

L F

. I /

, (PP)

. O , f

x . T

.


39/103161


CoMMuniCation tooLs Most aCCessibLe to gRassRoots woMen

T ,

, , /, , -

, , . T

F 6. N 17 q.

figuRe 6. communication tools most accessible to grassroots women

(n=17)

N , 71% (12 17 ). A

F, , , . A , I

, . I ,

(). W (PO)

, x

. T ,

q P: I ,

. A , ,

CELLULAR PHONE* (1)

RADIO (2)

FILM/ VIDEO (3)

MISCELLANEOUS

PAPERS (4)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

71%

53%

47%

35%

PERCENTAGES


40/103162

philippines

. E

, x. W x, j .

T ICs F

, . O

:W ,

NGO

.

T , 53% (9 17 )

. R . W , x ,

q . T ,

, . R

.

T

. S

: R , OK ! A ,

H, . W ! S

j .S ,

(47% 8 17

). W ,

:

F x, , VAW, N M S N,

, ! W ,

, f. S ,

, , , ,

.

T - , , ,

(35% 6 35 ).

E , -

, q : Y, ,

, j,

, -

.


41/103163


CoMMuniCations tooLs Least aCCessibLe to gRassRoots woMen

A , I, , V, ,

, . T

F 7. O 17

q.

figuRe 7. communication tools least accessible to grassroots women

(n=17)

T I (76% 13 17

) , : B I ,

I. B , I.

T f I

I x. S I q

,

: , ,

M I.I ,

I . I , I

76%

47%47%

41%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

PERCENTAGE

S

INTERNET (1)

COMPUTER (2)

CELLULAR PHONE (2)

TV (3)


42/103164

philippines

.

A , . T I. T

I . T ,

: Y , I x ,

I , ,

S I,

f , 8 (47%). C

. O x, T I

, , , ,

? A -j, , , , ,

? ()

L I, q . F

:

T , x, , ,

, , . W

, , , ,

. O f ,

, . T ,

x, 30 , x .

T ,

. A

. O

:

I ,

. S I , I ? U,

, , , . T

, .

W

, ,

(47% 8 17 ). O

: B . T

. T .T


43/103165


. H,

. I

.

S . T

, ,

:

W x . F

x, j , W ,

E-VA, x , ? O .

L . O

: T

.

S (41% 7 17 )

. T

, , : I -

, . T : U,

, .

Most effeCtiVe CoMMuniCation tooLs

W ,

, , / V. F 8

. O 17 q.

B ,

/ .

I

q q, x,

.


44/103166

philippines

figuRe 8. most effective communication tools (n=17)

R 10 17 . O

j - :

B -

, . S

.

T

, . I

,

, . G q

q :

U, ! A , S

, ! I

. F x, 2

, . E

, , !

T x

29%

RADIO (1)

CELLULAR PHONE (2)

FILM/ VIDEO (3)

TV (3)

THEATRE (4)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

59%

41%

29%

24%

PERCENTAGES


45/103167


. O x

- j , x .

T . T

, ,

:

W , , ,

. S , ,

.

A

. O z

q . T

:

T , ,

q. S , . W

.

T 7 17

(41%). I q, ,

: x. D , SMS x

x

:

I , x

, x . I

.

T 5 17 (29%). O

. T

. I ,

: , ,

, . S


46/103168

philippines

: W ,

x, , . C,

.

F 17 (29%) . L

, - .

Reasons why a tooL is effeCtiVe

T

: (1) ; (2) - ; , (3)

. T F 9. T

. O 16 q.

figuRe 9. reasons wHy a tool is effective (n=16)

68%68%

63%

INTERACTIVE AND FAST

VISUALLY STIMULATING

WIDE REACHING COVERAGE

PERCENT

AGES

80

70

0

20

10

40

50

60

30


47/103169


M (13 19 68%) -

. O , :

,

. P , ,

.

O : I ,

() , ? B ,

, ?O ,

I .T 13 (68%) q

. B ,

. T

, :

I , .

I ,

. W , x, ,

, S ? I , .

T ,

12 (63%). W

, . I

, . S,

. A :

H, - . I ,

. B , I

z, I , H , I

tv, , I z tv

.

Least effeCtiVe CoMMuniCation tooLs

T , 14

q, , I, .

F 10 .


48/103170

philippines

figuRe 10. least effective communication tools (n=14)

T , 4 14 (28%),

. O , ,

. T,

:

I I

, . S

. B , , I,

.

T , x, . T

.

, . W q ,

. O

.

T x :

COMPUTER (1)

INTERNET (1)

BOOKS (3)

LETTERS (3)

28%28%

21% 21%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

PERCENTAGES


49/103171


A, x,

, CD-ROM . A,

, , .

f.

T I 4

14 (28%). T

: T I

.O I

.H, , I z. G ,

x :

L ,

, I I xz . U,

, x, I

. I

x! H

(). S x

x .

L z 3 14 (21%)

. F , . T

q

:

C, q . B

, . U , .

T , z (). C, -, .

F , ,

: Y, . B

x, j .

S , 3 14 (21%) .

F . T

x. T

x- :


50/103172

philippines

F x, P D x,

() x, . H, F ,

, j M O,

.

I

: T

. S

.

Reasons why a tooL is ineffeCtiVe

T

.

T , .

T , .

T F 11. O 16

q.

figuRe 11. reasons wHy a tool is ineffective (n=16)

DIFFICULT TO SET UP/

INFRASTRUCTURE/

LOCATION

NOT AFFORDABLE

LACK OF SKILLS/

TRAINING/ LITERACY

LIMITED COVERAGE

81%

69%

50%50%

0

20

40

60

80

100

PERCENTAGES


51/103173


A j (13 16 81%)

f , ICs, , . T

x :

L x, I , .

A , .

H, . T . S

.

T q

. T,

:

Y, , I. T ,

! S ,

, .

T j ,

11 (69%). C

x . P q .

A , tv

x:

S x . Y -

- .

M j j

. B . A ,

, ?

F, - .

C I . E

:

T , tv,

, x . E

x , .


52/103174

philippines

T x ,

ict, . T - q , x I. T

q ,

:

B , I

. B ,

. O . S

.

F , x ,

ict, x

:

B . T x

, . I , x

.


53/103175


annex

CoMpLete tabLe of figuRes

tabLe 1. type of organisation (n=20)

t / %

1. g 10 50%

2. g 5 25%

3. w 3 15%

4. oh 2 10%

tabLe 2. mission / tHrust of organisation (n=20)

M/ tr / %

1. t/ c- 18 90%

2. o/ c- 16 80%

3. a 16 80%

4. s 16 80%

5. nk 15 75%

6. rh 12 60%

7. e/ i- 11 55%

8. e e 10 50%

9. g 3 15%

10. g 1 5%

tabLe 3. strategy in communicating

witH beneficiaries (n=20)

sr / %

1. e/ c- 13 65%

2. t/ c- 12 60%3. o/ c- 11 55%

4. nk/ lk 8 40%

5. s 7 35%

6. a/ m 4 20%

7. e e 3 15%

8. oh 1 5%


54/103176

philippines

tabLe 4. uses of communication tools (n=20)

u / %

1. t 14 70%

2. e 13 65%

3. a 12 60%

4. a 12 60%

5. o 6 30%

6. nk 5 25%

7. rh 5 25%

8. oh 4 20%

9. s 2 10%

tabLe 5. communication tools used by

intermediary groups (n=20)

tl / %

1. f/ v 18 90%

2. r 16 80%

3. c 14 70%

4. th 14 70%

5. c ph 13 65%

6. ph 12 60%

7. m p 12 60%

8. oh 11 55%

9. ph 10 50%

10. tv 10 50%

11. fx 9 45%

12. l ph 9 45%

13. l 9 45%

14. i 8 40%15. p 8 40%

16. Leaets 8 40%

17. p/ s 7 35%

18. s 7 35%

19. bk 6 30%

20. c 6 30%

21. mz 6 30%

22. n 6 30%

23. s 6 30%


55/103177


tabLe 5. continued

tl / %

24. o / s 5 25%

25. p m (.) 4 20%

26. sk 4 20%

27. oHp 3 15%

28. f 2 10%

29. n 2 10%

30. d 1 5%

31. p 0 0%

tabLe 6. communication tools most accessible

to grassroots women (n=17)

tl / %

1. c ph 12 71%

2. r 9 53%

3. f / v 8 47%

4. m p 6 35%

5. Leaet 5 29%

6. l 4 24%7. tv 4 24%

8. l ph 3 18%

9. mz 3 18%

10. ph 3 18%

11. s 3 18%

12. s 3 18%

13. th 3 18%

14. fx 2 12%

15. c 2 12%

16. i 2 12%

17. o/ s 2 18%

18. ph 2 12%

19. p/ s 2 12%

20. p 2 12%

21. bk 2 12%

22. c 1 6%

23. d 1 6%

24. f 1 6%


56/103178

philippines

tabLe 6. continued

tl / %

25. n 1 6%

26. n 1 6%

27. oh 1 6%

28. sk 1 6%

tabLe 7. communication tools least accessible

to grassroots women (n=17)

tl / %

1. i 13 76%

2. c 8 47%

3. c ph 8 47%

4. tv 7 41%

5. r 6 35%

6. l ph 5 29%

7. fx 2 12%

8. m p 2 12%

9. o / s 2 12%

10. p 2 12%

11. f 1 6%

12. Leaet 1 6%

13. n 1 6%

tabLe 8. most effective communication tools (n=17)

tl / %

1. r 10 59%

2. c ph 7 41%

3. f 5 29%

4. tv 5 29%

5. th 4 24%

6. fx 2 12%

7. o / s 2 12%

8. p 1 6%

9. ph 1 6%

10. m p 1 6%


57/103179


tabLe 8. continued

tl / %

11. l 1 6%

12. c 1 6%

13. oh 1 6%

tabLe 9. reasons wHy a communication tool

is considered most effective (n=19)

R / %

1. i 13 68%

2. w-h 13 68%

3. v 12 63%

4. l 11 58%

5. c 11 58%

6. c 9 47%

7. a 7 37%

8. w 6 32%

9. e / i/ l 5 26%

10. H k/ t/ l 5 26%

11. oh 3 16%

tabLe 10. least effective communication tools (n=14)

tl / %

1. c 4 28%

2. i 4 28%

3. l 3 21%

4. bk 3 21%

5. tv 2 14%

6. c ph 2 14%

7. r 1 7%

8. o / s 1 7%


58/103180

philippines

tabLe 11. reasons wHy a communication tool

is considered least effective (n=16)

R / %

1. Difcult to set up/ Infrastructure/ Location 13 81%

2. n 11 69%

3. lk k/ / 8 50%

4. l 8 50%

5. w 7 44%

6. c 6 38%

7. n 4 25%

8. d 3 19%

9. n 1 6%

10. oh 1 6%


59/103181

ChapteR 9

eMpoweRMent

Dierent groups P .T .

M

,

, . LIKAS GABRIELA, x,

.

S , ,

: (1) , (2) , (3)

, (4) , (5) , (6)

.S

,

. S

.

M,

. A ,

. F x, GABRIELA, IGOROA, ADF, LIHOK,

BALAOD, KANLUNGAN

how inteRMediaRy gRoups View eMpoweRMent

and CoMMuniCation tooLs in the phiLippines


60/103182

philippines

. S

, .I ,

: ,

, -,

.

T

.

eConoMiC independenCe

T ASCODE, PROCESS, , LIKAS, IMA, ADF

. F x,

PROCESS q .

,

. T

. ascode

. T

j,

sar-sar () . M, ascode

. T, ,

q .

ASCODE

. T

:

T ,

, x, ,

.

LIKAS

.

IDF

. T

, . IDF

-

.

ADF - ,

-. ADF


61/103183

how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools

. T V

, . A, .

poLitiCaL paRtiCipation

E , :

(1) , (2) , (3)

, (4) . T

, barangays1 .

knOwing Ones legAl rights

KANLUNGAN, SALIGAN, PAAMBA, PROCESS, BALAOD, A Mj

ALIKALA

.

BALAOD

f , ,

. E

.BALAOD

, . P

. T q

j.

process

, , x

VAW.

E . PROCESS, x,

, . process

,

-

.

1. A .


62/103184

philippines

legislAtive AdvOcAcy And reFOrm

A Mj, I ,

. A Mj,

I , -

- I . T j ,

- . T

x

, , - . A Mj

.

S, BALAOD -

.

enFOrcing gOvernment respOnsibility

E

. BALAOD KANLUNGAN, x,

j

. KANLUNGAN , , j

. SALIGAN

f .

FORWARD GAD, G

D C, R A 9262 ( V A

W C) ,

LGU (L G U) I

x .

I I D

A-P, ALIKALA barangay f .

pArticipAtiOn in leA dershi p And gOvern Ance:

turning wOmen intO leAders

A , ASCODE

. I

, . P

barangay .

E ,

. F , ADF


63/103185


kagawads barangay apans2 : T

. W .BALAOD .

CoMMunity oRganising/ soLidaRity buiLding

A

. ASCODE

.

sense OF sOlidArity with Other wOmen

BALAOD x . P

j .

T, :

T . I x x

. I

j ,

. I

, I !

I,

. F x, FORWARD

, PAAMBA ,

KANLUNGAN . KANLUNGAN,

B,

.G PAAMBA, GABRIELA, LIKAS

.

LIHOK ADF

,

, . GABRIELA

V A W,

:

2. L .


64/103186

philippines

A x

, , ,

q .

A ,

. I

[pambahay lang ako],

.

IDF

, : T , ,

.

T , PEA .

L

-. B ,

. LIKAS

, ,

.

T , FORWARD, . T

j .

indiViduaL agenCy/ seLf-tRansfoRMation

T

, , . I

, ,

, , , x,

, .

AwAreness

E ,

. E, , .

LUMAH, x, x . S,

BALAOD

.


65/103187


independence And internAlisAtiOn OF knOwledge

M ,

. T

IMA,

. I ,

, .

ADF x

. F ADF,

.

LIKAS -

.

IDF

. T

. T

. T

,

-. T

, id : T

,

.E

(PO) . F PROCESS,

, .

W

. F balaod,

x x .

PEA

. F x, j B, LAGBA, ,

.

T

. T, j

I . T j . I ,

. N, PEA

, LAGBA,

.


66/103188

philippines

persOnAl develOpment And leisure

A , -, ,

ADF j

. T -

.

PEA ,

. W j : W

j

.

creAtivity

A PEA,

. T, . PEA ,

j . M , ,

. Ex

PEA

, , , ,

. LUMAH .

S, PROCESS x, PO,

, x -

.

expressiOn

H x ,

PEA. P q

, , , . T ,

-x. IDF , ,

.

cOnFidence

SALIGAN, IDF ADF

. S

; . A , ADF

x . T


67/103189


. T

FORWARD ADF. LIHOK . LUMAD -

,

q .

P LIKAS

.

vAlues

PAAMABA

,

. T

, ,

manana , . T,

.

the pOwer tO decide

E, ,

, . ascode,

FORWARD, BALAOD, LIKAS, IGOROA, IDF, ADF, PEA

.

IGOROA

, , . W

FORWARD, ,

.

O , PEA - -:

A -

. S

A

,

. E ,

, ,

.


68/103190

philippines

IDF -,

-f -:

E

, j ,

j , j ,

.

faMiLy tRansfoRMation

IDF

. T

B ,

.

IDF

. T , . T,

,

. F IDF,

:

S ,

. S ,

,

j

, , j

,

,

.

IDF

. H , , ,

q

.

F x,

,

. H, IDF q x

q , . W

, . R,


69/103191


q .

T IGOROA j I I I

, , I .

I , , .

A , IGOROA

.

M, ADF

,

. T x

: I .

PAAMABA, ,

,

, .

soCietaL tRansfoRMation

A ,

. F x,

PROCESS, , A Mj,

,

. B SALIGAN LIKAS

.

M,

. , BALAOD, A Mj, likas saligan

.

LIKAS - . T - . P

: Y

.

SALIGAN, ,

.

I ,

. T j

, j, . O


70/103192

philippines

.

eMpoweRing infoRMation

E F

. I [1]

, [2] , [3]

, [4] , [5] , [6] , [7]

, [8] .

Accessible or suitable to the community1.

Accurate or based on research from the ground2.

ransformative or leads to change3.

By means of interactive dialogue4.

Useful5.

Readily available6.

Based on trust7.

Updated8.

T .

M , , ,

-.

aCCuRate

A . T

.

A LIKAS,

.A Mj . T

. E

.

bAcked up by reseArch

A Mj

. E ,

. cwr


71/103193


. E, , .

ASCODE j

. I ,

.

S, CWR j

( --) , . T

.

ALIKALA , x .

ALIKALA PO

, , . A ,

.

based on Constant diaLogue

PEA, ASCODE, ALIKALA AGUM

. F tagum, . peta

:

I - - . I

j

.

fast and updated

LIKAS

, --

I .

IMA

q f:


72/103194

philippines

F x,

, , x, , , , .

aCCessibLe

I ima

.

BALAOD

. S

,

. T

. P q

.

understAndAble

SALIGAN x ,

, x, q .

M, IMA ,

. IMA ,

.

cAtered tO the indiv iduAl, grOup And cOntext

M

. T

BALAOD

,

-

barangays.

F x, ADF

: , ,

.


73/103195


PEA

. R , ,

. PEA

,

,

C:

G,

. I .

based on tRust and RappoRt

PEA ,

, , . A

, j

,

.

T - A Mj

: Y P []

.

Leads to aCtion and Change

M

.

F , IMA CWR

. IMA , CWR , , ,

. IMA

. T

, x .

T ,

,

.

IMA

. IMA -


74/103196

philippines

. E

elenoelas. P

: O ,

. T

.

ASCODE

. process

, ,

. A , , . I

j ,

q .

usefuL

LIKAS .

I

, . F A

Mj,

.

eMpoweRing tooLs

CoMMuniCation tooLs in geneRaL

T

.

B ,

. M IC

.

A Mj ict

, . T,

ict .

O , IC FORWARD

LGU I . A

, x x


75/103197


I. T ,

x . T F .

T ,

, (),

, , ,

. F IC, BALAOD ,

.

its in hOw the tOOls Are used

M SALIGAN

.

, ASCODE .

SALIGAN

j : I

, j,

. T

, - ,

- , .

BALAOD , ,

,

. A ,

, .

LIHOK j x

, x .

I , I ,

, , x . I j

. S , .

tO Ols Are inFlu entiAl

M , ,

. I ,

EDSA 2. . PEA ,

, ,

.


76/103198

philippines

tO Ols Are necessAry

IGOROA

. A ,

.

tO Ols cAn supplement eAc h Ot her

LIKAS

, I, ,

.

tO Ols As pAr t OF inevitAble prOgress

G ADF

q . I

q . IC,

, , , .

oRaL CoMMuniCation

A FORWARD, ,

.

G id

, tv

. q

.

GABRIELA x - ,

. GABRIELA PROCESS

, . FPROCESS,

.

CWR

. T

,

S . A ,

, ,

, :


77/103199


F x, , ,

, S .T .

theatRe and peRfoRMing aRts

theAtre: empOwering pOt entiAl

A q .

A PEA,

. A , :

. W x

,

. T , PEA

f .

E , .

I , PEA

. O

,

- .

PEA - -,

, ,

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,

:

W ,

x, ,

, -

, -, . I , .

F PEA, :

C- 1.

PEA, q KSA

x ;


78/103200

philippines

I 2. PEA ,

, ;

I , , , 3.

, ,

;

I , 4.

,

;

S- , 5. . A , x

; -

.

BALAOD ,

-, barangay, . ALIKALA

,

, . T

, .

sOng And dAnce: empOwering pOtentiAl

PEA , ,

, ,

x . T x . GABRIELA

. I j

,

x VAW.

T GABRIELA Snng Lla. I , , . T

F , ,

: I .

LUMAD

. A

, q

q . T,

: W , Bajau ,

q .


79/103201


pRint Media

limitAtiOns

T x

. W x , []

, GABRIELA. SALIGAN, ,

. T

-

,

.

E , C , x,

ALIKALA x

. M ,

.

empOwering pOtentiAl

ALIKALA q

. K

,

. F ,

.

GABRIELA

.

AGUM

, .

fiLM/Video

limitAtiOns

SALIGAN , . T ,

,

x . T, , ,

.

PAAMABA

. T

, FORWARD.


80/103202

philippines


N, SALIGAN ,

x . I

x .

ADF

. V ,

. ALIKALA

,

. F A Mj, : A,

, . F ,

j, .

teLeVision

limitAtiOns

V

. F x, LUMAH V

S , j

.

FORWARD x , GABRIELA V

x.


D , GABRIELA ,

j . T

. T

V , .

ADF V ,

. kanlungan

V balaod

.

Radio

limitAtiOns

GABRIELA


81/103203


. I ,

. E ,

. I j

, . I

, , ,

, [].

BALAOD

,

: I

.A , BALAOD x

x . S

. T x,

DXDB, B, Bombo Radyo,

C. A ,

.

H, BALAOD ,

, .


M KANLUNGAN, SALIGAN, BALAOD

. LUMAD

. A ,

. I

.F ASCODE, SALIGAN A Mj,

. I

.

SALIGAN

j ,

, M

. T M

, -

-.


82/103204

philippines

,

.

teLeCoMMuniCations (LandLine)

H f

, .

A SALIGAN, q

. T,

, z j PLD: T

, , ,

, , .

W , , I . patamaba

.

ADF P, S,

. W , f

.

LIHOK ,

,

x.

CeLLphone

C j

. M, BALAOD

, j

.H, ,

. I ,

BALAOD. A FORWARD

, SALIGAN LIKAS

, . O ,

KANLUNGAN . I

80-90% , x .

GABRIELA ,

.


83/103205


B , lihok

. T x W D .

CoMputeR

limitAtiOns

T . A

ADF, -

. A GABRIELA,

x , . T

. T : S I , I ?

T ,

. S, GABRIELA

.

A Mj

q

: S

. T -

.


A Mj, , , j

:

Y . A,

. A, j , Y

, .

A f,

x . M, ,

LCD j

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84/103206

philippines

inteRnet

limitAtiOns

A I ,

x . LIHOK

I.

CWR f I

, , , .

.


FORWARD 10 , I ,

. KANLUNGAN I

ADF

. PAAMABA ,

. F BALAOD,

RPMM I x .

A Mj I , ,

. O .

F x, I .O I.


85/103207

ChapteR 10

how gRassRoots woMen View CoMMuniCation tooLs

and eMpoweRMent in the phiLippines

fgd inteRMediaRy gRoup pRofiLe

PAAMABA, 1990, P , z

. I

, ,

. T z

, , ,

, .

PAAMABA . T

15,000 . I , PAAMABA

, 2,000. T , -

- ,

, - (/) -

(), - (, , ,

), (, , ), (

) .

S 1999, -

. Pj ,

, -. S j


86/103208

philippines

x . T

, x .

pataMaba fgd

patamaba (Pambansang Kalpunan ng Mga Manggagawang Impormal sa Plpnas)

P. T

x,

. T x

x , I ,

. B , .

patamaba ,

q .

T patamaba

- , - . patamaba

D L E (dole)

. I ,

- ;

. P ,

,

. A

,

-

I C (ict).

W I I M patamaba M 2007,

x

ict. T ,

. T j . H

ict.1

D (gd), patamaba

- . S

- ,

1. T A, P, Q D,

- M-M.


87/103209

how grassroots women view communication tools & empowerment

-. M, , dole, ,

f , x

. M,

,

x, F . T

,

ict.

teLephone

T x .

I , ,

,

,

.

T patamaba 1992, x

x , ,

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, ,

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.

Video

D , patamaba

. R A W D (AWID)

S E A (SEA) , x x

z . T -x

. T

D. T patamaba

S-E W A (SEWA) I

. F ,

SEWA , patamaba

. T

. I SEWA , patamaba


88/103210

philippines

, SEWA q .

J , patamaba . A

-

q ,

. I , x

,

, T x -x. T :

T . Y

. W , , , . F , W

, U P. A S A

, . W j ,

. I E. W ,

, . I

.

A,

.

tRansLatoRs

A , .

A

E, .

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E. E B, patamaba q

, E : I E .I . E I P, I

E. [...] I I E, I x

.

H, E,

:

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89/103211


P I. W -

, . T f E. S

. I P, E,

, E.

W E

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website

E. I

, patamaba . T E

. T

, patamaba ,

-, :

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,

, .

A ,

P. T . T

,

,

:

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.


90/103212

philippines

newsLetteRs

patamaba -

. P j

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, , E

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. C, . W ,

DOS W:

W x [ W .]

W . T

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T ,

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theiR bitteRsweet saga with iCts

I, patamaba ,

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DOS? M q, . A ,

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91/103213


x . C ,

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M, ,

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I. T -

x .

T , , j

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patamaba I .

the VaLue of CeLLphones

patamaba gd

,

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x . F x,

j. T x q

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PLD B. F 1200

2200 , (x 22 42 US )

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the pataMaba teChnoLogy wish List

T

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92/103214

philippines

, . I,

j.

S , patamaba

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T . A

x

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Fx . A , patamaba

x . T ,

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I , q

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ReCRuitMent and awaReness CaMpaigns

D gd, patamaba ,

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F , / tv ,

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patamaba , . W

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x, f q


93/103215


. M x, , -

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A , --

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the iMpoRtanCe of faCe to faCe inteRaCtions

A

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, , x

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patamaba -- . T

M . T

j. T Qz C, B, L, B

Qz P,

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gd , j

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teaChing the youth ResponsibiLity

J patamaba ,

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W j,

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94/103216

philippines

. F

J, :

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eMpoweRMent is Change

patamaba

. T -

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. W , j

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, , , .

T gd patamaba

q, . Y

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gd patamaba :

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B : B,

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95/103217


F . T , . A

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x , .

philippines


96/103218

PHILIPPINES


97/103219

ChapteR 11

Content synthesis

A 20 j P

. Mj (50%)

25% . F (15%)

, 10%

. M

- (90%), (80%),

- (80%), (80%).

T q

(75%) , (60%). C

,

, , - (65%), -

(60%), - (55%), (40%). T

, ,

. A,

, .

T P - (90%)

. T

, ,

, . T

phiLippines synthesis


98/103220

philippines

, , ,

. F j , , ,

. F

,

. T (80%), (70%), (70%)

(65%).

T

(71%), / (53%), (47%),

- (35%). N ,

F , . T

. R

. T - , , ,

f . A

, I (76%), (47%), V (47%),

, (41%), . T ,

x. T

. S

. T

, .

T (59%),

(49%), / (29%) V (29%). R

, ,

. T

q, ,

. T / V

. I ,

. T

(68%), -

(68%), (63%).

philippines


99/103221

T (28%),

I (28%), (21%) (21%). T I

. T , x,

. T

. , . L

j

. T

q . B

.

theMatiC synthesis

Sx

P: [1] , [2] , [3]

-, [4] -, [5]

, [6] .

Economic independence ,

. E

-.

Political participation

. A -

, - ,

- .

Community-organising and solidarity-building P

, , . I

j . S

, , .

Individual agency or self-transformation : (1)

-/ (.., ), (2)

(.., ), (3) x (..,

), (4) /, (5) (.., ,

221

synthesis


100/103222

philippines

, ), (6) / (..,

-).Family transformation q

. I q

. M

.

F, societal transformation

P.

when is infoRMation eMpoweRing?

E F . I [1]

, [2] , [3]

, [4] ; [5] , [6] , [7]

, [8] .

when aRe CoMMuniCation tooLs eMpoweRing?

Communication ools In General. A

P ,

IC, . C

.

. S,

, , , . O

, , IC,

, .., , . A

, IC x / , / , /

, . I ,

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T raditional Communicationools :

Oral Communication - (.., , )

, .

Teatre and Performing Arts -

; , ,

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101/103223

synthesis

x (

, theatre, songs, and dance ).Print Media - ;

;

( , newspapers and

publications ).

Film/Video - / ;

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.

elevision (V)

- ; , .

Radio - , ,

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elecommunications , f

, .

T New ICs :

Cellphone - ,

, q;

;

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Computer - f

( ) ; ,

q;

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Internet - I

; ,

I x ; ;

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F P, oral communication

.

Teatre and performing arts

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. V .

Radio


102/103224

philippines

. Print media traditional communication

tools. L, telecommunications .

A new ICs, cellphone

. T cellphone

. T computerand Internet

f . I

computer Internet

. H, computerand Internet

. I , Internet q x

. I , traditional communication tools new ICs, cellphone, P.

fgd synthesis

D FGD PAAMABA (N N I W)

IC,

-- ,

- .

,

E . T

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.

A ,

IC

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x ,

.

N IC j , , . A

IC,

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q

Documents

B PHILIPPINES.pdf