Bab 1 Sistem Telekomunikasi

5/20/2018 Bab 1 Sistem Telekomunikasi

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas limpahan berkah,

rahmat, karunia, serta hidayah-Nya penyusun dapat menuntaskan Laporan

Praktikum Sistem Telekomunikasi 1 2013 ini dengan baik.

Laporan ini sebagai bukti autentik pelaksanaan praktikum dimana memuat

hasil percobaan mengenai analisa Line Code (Encoder, Decoder), PWM

(Modulation, Demodulation), PCM (Modulation, Demodulation), Delta

(Modulation, Demodulation), dan ADM (Modulation, Demodulation).

Dengan disusunnya laporan ini, tidak lupa penyusun menghaturkan terima

kasih kepada:

1.

Bapak Ir.Agung Warsito, DHET. selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Elektro

Universitas Diponegoro.

2. Bapak Wahyul Amien S, ST, MT. selaku Kepala Lab Komunikasi dan

Pengolahan Sinyal

3.

Ibu Ajub Ajulian Zahra, ST, MT. selaku Dosen Pengampu Mata Kuliah

Sistem Telekomunikasi

4. Saudara M.Yanuar Siddiq selaku Koordinator Praktikum Sistem

Telekomunikasi 2013

5. Seluruh Asisten Praktikum Sistem Telekomunikasi 2013 yang dengan

sabar telah membimbing penulis dan rekan-rekan dalam menyelesaikan

laporan ini

6. Seluruh teman-teman yang membantu penulis, serta

7. Berbagai pihak yang terlibat yang tidak dapat penulis tuliskan satu persatu.

Tak ada gading yang tak retak. Penyusun menyadari bahwa laporan ini

masih jauh dari kata sempurna sehingga masih terdapat berbagaikesalahan. Oleh karena itu, penyusun mengharapkan kritik dan saran

sebagai acuan ke depan. Terima kasih.

Semarang, 12 Desember 2013

Hanardi Satrio


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BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1

Latar Belakang

Penyusunan Laporan Praktikum Sistem Telekomunikasi 1 ini merupakan

bukti kegiatan praktikum yang telah dilaksanakan. Praktikum ini merupakan

kegiatan yang dilakukan agar praktikan dapat mengetahui sistem

telekomunikasi dengan baik.

1.2Tujuan Percobaan

1.

Mahasiswa elektro mengetahui, memahami, dan mampu menguasai sistem

dari telekomunikasi.

2. Mampu menganalisa Line Code (Encoder, Decoder), PWM (Modulation,

Demodulation), PCM (Modulation, Demodulation), Delta (Modulation,

Demodulation), dan ADM (Modulation, Demodulation).

3. Memahami karakteristik, pembangkitan dan pendeteksian sinyal.

1.3

Pembatasan Masalah

Pada praktikum ini, hanya membahas mengenai Analisa Line Code (Encoder,

Decoder), PWM (Modulation, Demodulation), PCM (Modulation,

Demodulation), Delta (Modulation, Demodulation), dan ADM (Modulation,

Demodulation).

1.4Metodologi Penelitian

Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan percobaan adalah dengan observasidan uji coba langsung. Sedangkan metode penulisannya adalah tinjauan

pustaka.

1.5Sistematika Penulisan

Laporan Praktikum Sistem Telekomunikasi ini berisikan tujuh bab yang

disusun secara sistematis. Berikut adalah sistematika penulisannya :


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BAB XII

PENUTUP

12.1 Kesimpulan

1. Level sinyal yang digunakan untuk unipolar : menggunakan level +v dan 0

,sedangkan pada bipolar menggunakan level +v, 0, dan -v.

2. Pada NRZ ini berlaku : Bit 1 dinyatakan oleh high signal selama

perioda bit, sedangkan bit "0" dinyatakan oleh low signal selama perioda

bit.

3. Pada percobaan PWM kita dapat simpulkan bahwa semakin besar

tegangan masukan DC, maka lebar pulsa akan semakin lebarbegitu pula

sebaliknya. Hal ini sudah sesuai dengan karakteristik sinyal PWM.

4. Keluaran dengan menggunakan LM555 IC tidak berpengaruh terhadap

masukannya.

5.

Modulasi PCM adalah contoh dari penyandian sumber. Arti dari sumber

penyandian adalah konversi dari sinyal analog ke sinyal digital.

Keuntungan utama dari modulasi PCM adalah hanya membutuhkan 8 kHz

dalam frekuensi samplingnya untuk mempertahankan keaslian dari

kualitas audio.

6. Keluaran dari modulator PCM adalah tipe bipolar junction transistor tidak

memiliki efek pada rangkaian transistor. Karena itu, untuk mencegah efek

beban, kita membutuhkan hubungan sebuah buffer pada keluaran terminal

untuk mencocokkan impedansi.

7. Pulsa gelombang modulasi dapat digunakan untuk mengirimkan sinyal

audio analog atau data dengan tingkat tertentu untuk menyampel sinyalanalog dan laju ini adalah laju transmisi. Pada penerima, sinyal yang

diterima akan didemodulasi oleh demodulator PCM untuk memulihkan

gelombang kontinyu sinyal analog asli.

8.

Delta modulator adalah salah satu pengkodean yang dapat mengkonversi

sinyal analog ke sinyal digital dan mendapatkan sinyalnya dengan mudah

pada saat pengkodean, dan juga untuk memfilter sinyal yang tidak

diinginkan.


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9. Pada praktikum Delta Modulation, frekuensi clock yang digunakan adalah

32 KHz, 64 KHz, 128 KHz, dan 256 KHz.

10.

Pada T1 DM Demodulator sinyal keluaran berbentuk kotak dan bernilai

unipolar.

11.Pada Audio O/P DM Demodulator sinyal keluaran berbentuk sinus.

Namun pada percobaan didapatkan sinyal keluaran yang masih terlihat

sedikit sinyal step-nya. Hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya kepresisian

alat.

12.

ADM (Adaptive Delta Modulation) adalah modifikasi dari delta modulasi

untuk memperbaiki kerugian atau kesalahan dari kejadian slope overload.

Berbeda dengan DM yang sering menghasilkan slope overload, ADM

menghasilkan keluaran yang lebih adaptif, maksudnya nilai (t)

menyesuaikan dengan besar variasi frekuensinya.

13.Perbedaan antara CVSD dan modulator ADM adalah tingkat kuantisasi adjuster

A. Pada ADM modulator adalah nilai-nilai diskrit sedangkan pada CVSD

modulator adalah nilai-nilai kontinu.

14.Perbedaan antara modulator delta dan adaptif delta modulator adalah bahwa gain

integrator dari modulator delta adalah tetap.Namun, adaptif delta modulator akan

mengubah gain integrator sesuai dengan sinyal termodulasi saat itu dan sesaat

sebelumnya.

15.Integrator digunakan untuk membuat keluaran memiliki perbandingannya

terhadap integrasi masukkan, sehingga akan dapat dilakukan perbaikan

pada transmisi. AGC akan dicapai saat rangkaian telah memiliki keluaran

yang mendekati masukkan, sehingga gain akan mempengaruhi sinyal

maka sinyal akan memiliki daya dan amplitude yang cukup untuk

digunakan.

16.Jika sampling ditingkatkan, maka pada sisi demodulator sinyal diartikan

lebih baik dan mendekati sinyal masukkan, tetapi jika sampling dikurangi,

maka akan terjadi penurunan kualitas bahkan error pada saat di

demodulator dan diawasandikan kembali.


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12.2 Saran

1. Diharapkan praktikan membaca dasar teori sebelum memulai praktikum.

2.

Praktikan seharusnya sudah tahu mengenai tata cara dan perlengakapan

yang digunakan saat praktikum.

3. Ketelitian adalam membaca skala sangat diperlukan untuk mendapatkan

hasil yang optimal.

4. Praktikan diharapkan melakukan kalibrasi alat terlebih dahulu sebelum

praktikum.

5.

Penggunaan kamera sangat disarankan untuk hasil yang tepat, cepat, dan

efisien


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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.........................................................................................i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN...........................................................................ii

KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................iii

DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................

DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1.

Latar Belakang Pelaksanaan Praktikum ..................................................1

1.2. Tujuan Praktikum ....................................................................................1

1.3. Pembatasan Masalah ...............................................................................1

1.4. Metode Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................1

1.5.

Sistematika Penulisan Laporan Praktikum..............................................1

BAB II LINE CODE ENCODER

2.1 Tujuan .....................................................................................................5

2.2

Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................5

2.3 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................11

2.4 Langkah Percobaan .................................................................................11

2.5 Data Percobaan........................................................................................15

2.6 Analisa dan Pembahasan .........................................................................31

2.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................58

BAB III LINE CODE DECODER

3.1

Tujuan .....................................................................................................593.2

Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................59

3.3 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................66


3.5

Data Percobaan........................................................................................71


3.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................115


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BAB IV PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

4.1 Tujuan .....................................................................................................116

4.2

Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................116

4.3

Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................124


4.5

Data Percobaan........................................................................................127


4.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................163

BAB V PULSE WIDTH DEMODULATION

5.1 Tujuan .....................................................................................................165

5.2

Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................165

5.3 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................171


5.5 Data Percobaan........................................................................................173

5.6

Analisa dan Pembahasan .........................................................................179

5.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................186

BAB VI PULSE CODE MODULATION

6.1

Tujuan .....................................................................................................187

6.2 Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................187

6.3 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................193


6.5 Data Percobaan........................................................................................194


6.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................214

BAB VII PULSE CODE DEMODULATION7.1

Tujuan .....................................................................................................216

7.2 Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................216

7.3 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................221

7.4

Langkah Percobaan .................................................................................221

7.5 Data Percobaan........................................................................................223


7.7

Kesimpulan .............................................................................................244


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BAB VIII DELTA MODULATION

8.1 Tujuan .....................................................................................................246

8.2

Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................246

8.3

Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................252


8.5

Data Percobaan........................................................................................254


8.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................290

BAB IX DELTA DEMODULATION

9.1 Tujuan .....................................................................................................292

9.2

Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................292

9.3 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................295

9.4 Langkah Percobaan ........................................................................................... 296

9.5 Data Percobaan........................................................................................298


9.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................330

BAB X ADAPTIVE DELTA MODULATION

10.1

Tujuan .....................................................................................................325

10.2 Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................325

10.3 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................332


10.5 Data Percobaan........................................................................................334


10.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................350

BAB XI ADAPTIVE DELTA DEMODULATION

11.1

Tujuan ....................................................................................................351

11.2 Dasar Teori ..............................................................................................351

11.3

Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................355


11.5 Data Percobaan........................................................................................358

11.6

Analisa dan Pembahasan .........................................................................364

11.7 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................370


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BAB XII PENUTUP

12.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................371

12.2

Saran ........................................................................................................373

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

BIODATA

LAMPIRAN


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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Perbedaan tipe dari gelombang sinyal LC ................................ 6

Gambar 2.2 Diagram sirkuit UNI-NRZ encoder .......................................... 7Gambar 2.3 Diagram sirkuit bipolar nonreturn-to-zero encoder .................. 7

Gambar 2.4 Diagram sirkuit unipolar return-to-zero encoder ...................... 8

Gambar 2.5 Diagram sirkuit bipolar return-to-zero encoder ........................ 9

Gambar 2.6 Diagram Sirkuit AMI signal encoder ........................................ 10

Gambar 2.7 Diagram sirkuit Manchester signal encoder .............................. 10

Gambar 2.8 Data I/P UNI-NRZ f= 1KHz v/div= 2V T/div= 500s ............. 15

Gambar 2.9 Data I/P UNI-NRZ f= 2KHz v/div= 2V T/div= 200s ............ 15Gambar 2.10 Data I/P UNI-NRZ f= 5KHz v/div= 5V T/div= 10ms .............. 15

Gambar 2.11 Data I/P UNI-NRZ f= 8KHz v/div= 10mV T/div= 10ms ......... 16

Gambar 2.12 TP1 BIP-NRZ f= 2KHz v/div= 1V T/div= 50ms ..................... 16

Gambar 2.13 BIP-NRZ O/P f= 2KHz v/div= 2V T/div= 100s ..................... 16

Gambar 2.14 TP1 BIP-NRZ f= 3,5KHz v/div= 500mV T/div= 50ms ........... 16

Gambar 2.15 BIP-NRZ O/P f= 3,5KHz v/div= 5V T/div= 10ms ................... 16

Gambar 2.16 TP1 BIP-NRZ f= 5KHz v/div= 10V T/div= 10ms ................... 17

Gambar 2.17 BIP-NRZ O/P f= 5KHz v/div= 1V T/div= 10ms ...................... 17

Gambar 2.18 TP1 BIP-NRZ f = 7,5KHz v/div= 10V T/div= 10ms .............. 17

Gambar 2.19 BIP-NRZ O/P f = 7,5KHz v/div= 200 mV T/div= 10ms ......... 17

Gambar 2.20 TP1 BIP-NRZ f = 2KHz v/div= 2V T/div = 100s ................. 17

Gambar 2.21 BIP-NRZ O/P f = 2KHz v/div= 2V T/div = 200s ................. 17

Gambar 2.22 TP1 BIP-NRZ f = 3,5KHz v/div= 2V T/div = 100s .............. 18

Gambar 2.23 BIP-NRZ O/P f = 3,5KHz v/div= 2V T/div = 100s ............... 18

Gambar 2.24 TP1 BIP-NRZ f = 5KHz v/div= 10V T/div = 10ms .............. 18

Gambar 2.25 BIP-NRZ O/P f = 5KHz v/div= 100 mV T/div = 10ms .......... 18

Gambar 2.26 TP1 BIP-NRZ f = 8KHz v/div= 10V T/div = 10ms .............. 18

Gambar 2.27 BIP-NRZ O/P f = 8KHz v/div= 5V T/div = 10ms ................... 18

Gambar 2.28 CLK I/P UNI-NRZ fclk = 2KHz dan fdata = 1KHz v/div= 2V

T/div= 500s ............................................................................. 19

Gambar 2.29 Data I/P UNI-NRZ fclk = 2KHz dan fdata = 1KHz v/div=2V

T/div= 200s ............................................................................. 19


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Gambar 2.30 UNI-NRZ O/P fclk= 2KHz dan fdata= 1KHzv/div= 2V

T/div= 200s ............................................................................. 19

Gambar 2.31 CLK I/P UNI-NRZ fclk= 3,5KHz dan fdata= 1,5KHzv/div=2V

T/div= 100s ............................................................................. 19

Gambar 2.32 Data I/P UNI-NRZ fclk= 3,5 KHz dan fdata = 1,5KHz

v/div= 2V T/div= 100s ........................................................... 19

Gambar 2.33 UNI-NRZ O/P fclk= 3,5KHz dan fdata= 1,5KHz v/div= 2V

T/div = 200s ............................................................................ 19

Gambar 2.34 CLK I/P UNI-NRZ fclk= 5KHz dan fdata= 2,5KHz v/div=2V

T/div= 100 s ............................................................................ 19

Gambar 2.35 Data I/P UNI-NRZ fclk= 5KHz dan fdata= 2,5KHz v/div=2V

T/div= 200s ............................................................................. 19

Gambar 2.36 UNI-NRZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div= 2V

T/div= 100s ............................................................................. 19

Gambar 2.37 CLK I/P UNI-NRZ fclk = 7,5 KHz dan fdata = 4KHz v/div =2V

T/div = 50 s ............................................................................. 20

Gambar 2.38 Data I/P UNI-NRZ fclk = 7,5 KHz dan fdata = 4KHz

v/div=2V T/div = 50s .............................................................. 20

Gambar 2.39 UNI-NRZ fclk = 7,5 KHz dan fdata = 4KHz v/div =2V T/div =

50 s .......................................................................................... 20

Gambar 2.40 CLK I/P BIP-RZ f = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 500s ............ 20

Gambar 2.41 Data I/P BIP-RZ f = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 200s............. 20

Gambar 2.42 TP1 BIP-RZf = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 50ms ..................... 20

Gambar 2.43 BIP-RZ O/Pf = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 500s..................... 20

Gambar 2.44 CLK I/P BIP-RZ f = 5 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 100s ............ 21Gambar 2.45 Data I/P BIP-RZ f = 5 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 100s............. 21

Gambar 2.46 TP1 BIP-RZf = 5 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 100s .................... 21

Gambar 2.47 BIP-RZ O/P f = 5 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 100s.................... 21

Gambar 2.48 CLK I/P BIP-RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 500 s ........................................................................... 22

Gambar 2.49 Data I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div= 2V

T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 22


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Gambar 2.50 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div= 2V

T/div = 50ms ............................................................................. 22

Gambar 2.51 BIP - RZ O/P fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div= 2V

T/div = 500s ............................................................................ 22

Gambar 2.52 CLK I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5 KHz

v/div= 2V T/div = 100 s ........................................................ 22

Gambar 2.53 Data I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz

v/div= 2V T/div = 200 s ........................................................ 22

Gambar 2.54 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHzv/div = 50 mV

T/div = 1 s ............................................................................... 23

Gambar 2.55 BIP - RZ O/P fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHzv/div = 5V

T/div = 100s ............................................................................ 23

Gambar 2.56 CLK I/P AMI f = 100 Hz v/div =1V T/div= 100 s ................. 24

Gambar 2.57 Data I/P AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 5V T/div= 100s ................. 24

Gambar 2.58 TP1 AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 10 ms .................... 24

Gambar 2.59 TP2 AMI f = 100 Hzv/div = 2 V T/div = 5 ms ........................ 24

Gambar 2.60 TP3 AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 1 ms ....................... 24



Gambar 2.63 TP4 AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 20 ms ..................... 25

Gambar 2.64 CLK I/P AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 5 V T/div= 1 ms ................. 25

Gambar 2.65 Data I/P AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 5 V T/div= 1 ms.................. 25

Gambar 2.66 TP1 AMI f = 500 Hzv/div = 2 V T/div = 2 s ........................ 25

Gambar 2.67 TP2 AMI f = 500 Hzv/div = 1 V T/div = 1 ms ....................... 25

Gambar 2.68 TP3 AMI f = 500 Hzv/div = 2 V T/div = 5 s ........................ 25Gambar 2.69 TP4 AMIf = 500 Hzv/div = 2 V T/div = 200 s ..................... 25

Gambar 2.70 TP5 AMI f = 500 Hzv/div = 1 V T/div = 200 s .................... 26

Gambar 2.71 AMI O/P f = 500 Hzv/div = 2 V T/div = 50 s ...................... 26

Gambar 2.72 CLK I/P AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 26

Gambar 2.73 Data I/P AMIfclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hzv/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 26


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Gambar 2.74 TP1 AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data= 50 Hz v/div= 2 V

T/div= 10ms .............................................................................. 26

Gambar 2.75 TP2 AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data= 50 Hz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 26

Gambar 2.76 TP3 AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hzv/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 27

Gambar 2.77 TP4 AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hzv/div = 2 V

T/div = 20 ms ............................................................................ 27

Gambar 2.78 TP5 AMIfclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hzv/div = 2 V

T/div = 20 ms ............................................................................ 27

Gambar 2.79 AMI O/Pfclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hzv/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 27

Gambar 2.80 CLK I/P AMI fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 5 V

T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.81 Data I/P fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 5 V

T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.82 TP1 AMIfclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 1 V

T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.83 TP2 AMI fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 1 V

T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.84 TP3 AMI fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 1 V

T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.85 TP4 AMIfclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 1 V

T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.86 TP5 AMI fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 1 VT/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.87 AMI O/Pfclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hzv/div = 2 V

T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 28

Gambar 2.88 CLK I/PMenchester fclk= 2 KHz dan f data =1KHzv/div =5V

T/div=5 ms ................................................................................ 29

Gambar 2.89 CLK I/PMenchester fclk= 2 KHz dan f data =1KHzv/div=5V

T/div=5 ms ................................................................................ 29


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Gambar 2.90 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 2 KHz dan f data =1KHzv/div =2V

T/div=200s .............................................................................. 29

Gambar 2.91 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 3,5 KHz dan f data=1,5KHzv/div

=1V T/div =500s ..................................................................... 29

Gambar 2.92 Data I/P Menchester fclk= 3,5 KHz dan f data =1,5KHzv/div

=200 mV T/div=200 s ............................................................. 29

Gambar 2.93 Menchester O/P fclk= 3,5 KHz dan f data =1,5KHzv/div=2V

T/div=100s .............................................................................. 29

Gambar 2.94 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 5KHz dan f data =2,5 KHz

v/div =2V T/div=200s ............................................................. 29

Gambar 2.95 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 5KHz dan fdata= 2,5KHz

v/div= 200mV T/div=100s ..................................................... 29

Gambar 2.96 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 5 KHz dan f data =2,5 KHzv/div

=2V T/div=100s ..................................................................... 29

Gambar 2.97 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 8KHz dan f data = 4KHzv/div =2V

T/div=200s .............................................................................. 30

Gambar 2.98 Data I/P Menchester fclk=8KHz dan f data = 4KHzv/div =200

mV T/div=100s ....................................................................... 30

Gambar 2.99 Menchester O/P Menchester fclk= 8KHz dan f data = 4KHz

v/div =2V T/div=100s ............................................................. 30

Gambar 2.100 Rangkaian UNI-NRZ ................................................................ 31

Gambar 2.101 Data I/P UNINRZf = 1 KHz v/div = 2 V T/div = 500 s ..... 32

Gambar 2.102 Data I/P UNINRZf = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 200s ....... 32

Gambar 2.103 Data I/P UNINRZf = 5 KHz v/div = 5V T/div = 10 ms ....... 32

Gambar 2.104 Data I/P UNINRZf = 8 KHz v/div = 10mV T/div = 10ms ... 33Gambar 2.105 Rangkaian BIP-NRZ ................................................................. 33

Gambar 2.106 TP1 BIPNRZf = 2 KHz v/div = 1 V T/div = 50 ms ........... 34

Gambar 2.107 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 2 KHz v/div = 2 V T/div = 100 s ........... 34

Gambar 2.108 TP1 BIPNRZf = 3,5KHz v/div = 500 mV T/div=50 ms .... 34

Gambar 2.109 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 3,5 KHz v/div = 5 VT/div = 10 ms ........... 34

Gambar 2.110 TP1 BIP - NRZ f = 5 KHz v/div = 10V T/div = 10ms .......... 34

Gambar 2.111 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 5 KHz v/div = 1V T/div = 10 ms ............. 34


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Gambar 2.112 TP1 BIPNRZf = 7,5 KHz v/div = 10V T/div = 10ms ........ 35

Gambar 2.113 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 7,5 KHz v/div = 200 mV T/div = 10 ms ... 35

Gambar 2.114 Rangkaian UNI-RZ ................................................................... 36

Gambar 2.115 TP1 BIPNRZ f = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 100s............ 36

Gambar 2.116 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 200s ............. 36

Gambar 2.117 TP1 BIPNRZf = 3,5 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 100s......... 37

Gambar 2.118 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 3,5 KHz v/div = 2VT/div = 100s ............ 37

Gambar 2.119 TP1 BIP - NRZ f = 5 KHz v/div = 10V T/div = 10ms .......... 37

Gambar 2.120 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 5 KHz v/div = 100 mV T/div = 10 ms ..... 37

Gambar 2.121 TP1 BIPNRZf = 8 KHz v/div = 10V T/div = 10ms ........... 37

Gambar 2.122 BIP - NRZ O/P f = 8 KHz v/div = 5 V T/div = 10 ms ............. 37

Gambar 2.123 CLK I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 2 KHz dan f data = 1KHzv/div

= 2V T/div = 500s ................................................................... 38

Gambar 2.124 Data I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 2 KHz dan f data = 1KHzv/div

= 2V T/div = 200s ................................................................... 38

Gambar 2.125 UNI - NRZ O/P fclk = 2 KHz dan f data = 1KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 200s ............................................................................ 38

Gambar 2.126 CLK I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 3,5 KHz dan fdata = 1,5KHz

v/div =2V T/div = 100s .......................................................... 38

Gambar 2.127 Data I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 3,5 KHz dan f data = 1,5KHzv/div

= 2V T/div = 100s .................................................................. 38

Gambar 2.128 UNI - NRZ O/P fclk = 3,5 KHz dan fdata = 1,5KHz

v/div = 2V T/div = 200s ......................................................... 38

Gambar 2.129 CLK I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz

v/div =2V T/div = 100 s ......................................................... 38Gambar 2.130 Data I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz

v/div =2V T/div = 200s .......................................................... 38

Gambar 2.131 UNI - UNI - NRZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div

= 2V T/div = 100 s ................................................................. 38

Gambar 2.132 CLK I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 7,5 KHz dan fdata = 4KHz v/div

=2V T/div = 50 s .................................................................... 39


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Gambar 2.133 Data I/P UNI - NRZ fclk = 7,5 KHz dan fdata = 4KHz v/div

= 2V T/div = 50s .................................................................... 39

Gambar 2.134 UNI - UNI - NRZ fclk = 7,5 KHz dan fdata = 4KHz v/div

= 2V T/div = 50 s ................................................................... 39

Gambar 2.135 Rangkaian BIP-RZ .................................................................... 40

Gambar 2.136 CLK I/P BIPRZf = 2 KHzv/div = 2V T/div = 500s ......... 41

Gambar 2.137 Data I/P BIPRZf = 2 KHzv/div = 2V T/div = 200s .......... 41

Gambar 2.138 TP1 BIPRZf = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 50ms ................. 41

Gambar 2.139 BIP - RZ O/Pf = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 500s................. 41


Gambar 2.141 Data I/P BIPRZf = 5 KHzv/div = 2V T/div = 100s .......... 41

Gambar 2.142 TP1 BIPRZf = 5 KHzv/div = 2 V T/div = 100 us ............... 42

Gambar 2.143 BIP - RZ O/Pf = 5 KHzv/div = 2V T/div = 100s.................. 42

Gambar 2.144 CLK I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHzv/div = 2V

T/div = 500 s ........................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.145 Data I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHzv/div = 2V

T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.146 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHzv/div = 2V T/div =

50ms .......................................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.147 BIP - RZ O/P fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHzv/div = 2V T/div

= 500s ...................................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.148 CLK I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 43

Gambar 2.149 Data I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHzv/div = 2V

T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 43Gambar 2.150 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHzv/div = 50 mV

T/div = 1 us ............................................................................... 44

Gambar 2.151 BIP - RZ O/Pfclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHzv/div = 5V T/div

= 100s ...................................................................................... 44


Gambar 2.153 CLK I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan f data = 1 KHz

v/div = 2V T/div = 500 s....................................................... 45


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Gambar 2.154 Data I/P BIP - RZ f = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 200s......... 45

Gambar 2.155 Data I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz

v/div = 2V T/div = 200 s....................................................... 45

Gambar 2.156 TP1 BIP - RZ f = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 50ms ................ 45

Gambar 2.157 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 2V T/div

= 50ms ....................................................................................... 45

Gambar 2.158 BIP - RZ O/P f = 2 KHz v/div = 2V T/div = 500s................ 45

Gambar 2.159 BIP - RZ O/P fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 2V T/div

= 500s ...................................................................................... 45

Gambar 2.160 Rangkaian AMI ......................................................................... 47

Gambar 2.161 CLK I/P AMI f = 100 Hz v/div =1V T/div = 100 s ............... 48

Gambar 2.162 Data I/P AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 5V T/div = 100s .............. 48

Gambar 2.163 TP1 AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 10 ms ................... 48


Gambar 2.165 TP3 AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 1 ms ...................... 48



Gambar 2.168 TP4 AMI f = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 20 ms .................... 49

Gambar 2.169 CLK I/P AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 5 V T/div = 1 ms ............... 49

Gambar 2.170 Data I/P AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 5 V T/div = 1 ms................ 49

Gambar 2.171 TP1 AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 2 s ....................... 49


Gambar 2.173 TP3 AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 s ....................... 49

Gambar 2.174 TP4 AMIf = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 200 us .................... 49

Gambar 2.175 TP5 AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 200 us ................... 50Gambar 2.176 AMI O/P f = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 50 us ...................... 50

Gambar 2.177 CLK I/P AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 50

Gambar 2.178 Data I/P AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 50

Gambar 2.179 TP1 AMI fclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 10 ms ............................................................................ 51


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T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 51


T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 51


T/div = 20 ms ............................................................................ 51


T/div = 20 ms ............................................................................ 51

Gambar 2.184 AMI O/P fclk= 100 Hz dan f data =50 Hz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 51

Gambar 2.185 CLK I/P AMI fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hz v/div = 5 V

T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 51

Gambar 2.186 Data I/P fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hz v/div = 5 V

T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 51

Gambar 2.187 TP1 AMI fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hz v/div = 1 V

T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 52


T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 52


T/div = 2 ms ............................................................................. 52


T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 52


T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 52

Gambar 2.192 AMI O/P fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hz v/div = 2 VT/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 52

Gambar 2.193 CLK I/P AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 5 V T/div = 1 ms ............... 53

Gambar 2.194 CLK I/P AMI fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hz v/div = 5 V

T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 53

Gambar 2.195 Data I/P AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 5 V T/div = 1 ms................ 53

Gambar 2.196 fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hz v/div = 5 V T/div = 2 ms .... 53

Gambar 2.197 TP1 AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 2 us ....................... 53


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T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 53



T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 53

Gambar 2.201 TP3 AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 us ....................... 54


T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 54

Gambar 2.203 TP4 AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 200 us ................... 54


T/div = 1 ms .............................................................................. 54

Gambar 2.205 TP5 AMI f = 500 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 200 us ................... 54


T/div = 5 ms .............................................................................. 54

Gambar 2.207 AMI O/P f = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 50 us ...................... 54

Gambar 2.208 AMI O/P fclk= 500Hz dan f data = 250Hz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 2 ms .............................................................................. 54

Gambar 2.209 Rangkaian MANCHESTER ..................................................... 56

Gambar 2.210 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 2 KHz dan f data =1KHz v/div =5V

T/div=5 ms ................................................................................ 56

Gambar 2.211 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 2 KHz dan f data =1KHz v/div=5V

T/div=5 ms ................................................................................ 56

Gambar 2.212 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 2 KHz dan f data =1KHz v/div =2V

T/div=200s .............................................................................. 56

Gambar 2.213 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 3,5 KHz danf data=1,5KHzv/div=1V T/div =500s ............................................................. 56

Gambar 2.214 Data I/P Menchester fclk= 3,5 KHz danf data =1,5KHz v/div

= 200 mV T/div=200 s ............................................................ 56

Gambar 2.215 Menchester O/P fclk= 3,5 KHz danf data =1,5KHz v/div=2V

T/div=100s .............................................................................. 56

Gambar 2.216 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 5KHz dan f data =2,5 KHz

v/div =2V T/div=200s ............................................................. 57


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Gambar 2.217 CLK I/P Menchester fclk=5KHz dan f data =2,5 KHz

v/div =200 mV T/div=100s .................................................... 57

Gambar 2.218 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 5 KHz dan f data =2,5 KHz

v/div =2V T/div=100s ............................................................ 57

Gambar 2.219 CLK I/P Menchester fclk= 8KHz dan f data = 4 KHz

v/div =2V T/div=200s ............................................................. 57

Gambar 2.220 Data I/P Menchester fclk=8KHz dan f data = 4 KHz

v/div =200 mV T/div=100s .................................................... 57

Gambar 2.221 Menchester O/P Menchester fclk= 8KHz dan f data = 4 KHz

v/div =2V T/div=100s ............................................................ 57

Gambar 3.1 Perbedaan tipe pada bentuk gelombang sinyal line code .......... 60

Gambar 3.2 Diagram sirkuit dari unipolar nonreturn-to-zero decoder. ........ 61

Gambar 3.3 Diagram sirkuit dari bipolar nonreturn-to-zero decoder. .......... 61

Gambar 3.4 Diagram sirkuit pada unipolar return-to-zero decoder. ............. 62

Gambar 3.5 bentuk gelombang keluaran unipolar return-to-zero decoder. .. 62

Gambar 3.6 diagram rangkaian decoder Alternate mark Inversion (AMI)... 64

Gambar 3.7 diagram rangkaian decoder Manchester.................................... 65

Gambar 3.8 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v ,T/div = 200 us ............ 71

Gambar 3.9 Data O/P f = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v ,T/div = 200 us ..................... 71

Gambar 3.10 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 5 KHz, V/div = 1 v ,T/div = 10 ms ............ 71

Gambar 3.11 Data O/P f = 5 KHz, V/div = 50 mv ,T/div = 10 ms ................. 71

Gambar 3.12 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 8 KHz, V/div = 10 v ,T/div = 10 ms .......... 71

Gambar 3.13 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 8 KHz, V/div = 20 mv ,T/div = 10 ms ....... 71

Gambar 3.14 TP 1 f = 1 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 500 s ........................... 72

Gambar 3.15 BIP O/P f = 1 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 500 s ..................... 72Gambar 3.16 TP 1 f =5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s ............................. 72

Gambar 3.17 BIP O/P f =5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s ....................... 72

Gambar 3.18 TP 1 f = 8 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s ........................... 72

Gambar 3.19 BIP O/P f = 8 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s ..................... 72

Gambar 3.20 UNI - RZ I/P fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 500 mv, T/div = 10 ms ... 73

Gambar 3.21 TP 1 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 50 mv, T/div = 10 ms .................. 73

Gambar 3.22 TP 2 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 mv, T/div = 10 ms ................... 73


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Gambar 3.23 TP3 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 1 v, T/div = 10 ms ......................... 73

Gambar 3.24 TP4 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 mv, T/div = 10 ms .................... 73

Gambar 3.25 Data O/P fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 mv, T/div = 10 ms ............ 73

Gambar 3.26 I/P fclk = 2 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 200 s .......................... 74

Gambar 3.27 TP1 fclk = 2 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 200 s ........................ 74




Gambar 3.31 O/P fclk = 2 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 200 s ........................ 74

Gambar 3.32 I/P fclk = 3,5 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 200 s ....................... 75

Gambar 3.33 TP1 fclk = 3,5 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 100 s ..................... 75




Gambar 3.37 O/P fclk = 3,5 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 200 s ..................... 75


Gambar 3.39 TP1 fclk = 5 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 100 s ....................... 76

Gambar 3.40 TP2 fclk = 5KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 100 s ......................... 76




Gambar 3.44 I/P fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 50 s ............................ 77

Gambar 3.45 TP1 fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 50 s ......................... 77

Gambar 3.46 TP2fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 50 s ........................... 77

Gambar 3.47 TP3 fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 1 V, T/div = 50 s .......................... 77Gambar 3.48 TP4 fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 50 s .......................... 77

Gambar 3.49 TP4 fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 50 s .......................... 77

Gambar 3.50 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ............... 78

Gambar 3.51 TP1 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ....................... 78

Gambar 3.52 TP2 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s ........................ 78

Gambar 3.53 TP3 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 1 v, T/div = 50 us .......................... 78

Gambar 3.54 TP4 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ........................ 78


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Gambar 3.55 Data O/P fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ................ 78

Gambar 3.56 CLK I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 200s ............................................................................ 79

Gambar 3.57 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 200s ............................................................................ 79

Gambar 3.58 TP2 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 1 V

T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 79

Gambar 3.59 BIP - RZ O/P fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 1 V

T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 79


T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 79


T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 79

Gambar 3.62 Data I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div= 5V

T/div = 100s ............................................................................ 79

Gambar 3.63 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5 KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 100s ............................................................................ 80

Gambar 3.64 TP2 BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div = 1 V

T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 80

Gambar 3.65 TP3 BIP - RZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div = 1 V

T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 80


T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 80

Gambar 3.67 BIPRZ O/P fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 80Gambar 3.68 CLK I/P AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 ms .......... 80

Gambar 3.69 Data I/P AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 ms .......... 80

Gambar 3.70 TP1 AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 5 ms ................. 81

Gambar 3.71 TP2 AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 5 ms ................ 81



Gambar 3.74 P5 AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 ms .................... 82


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Gambar 3.76 AMI O/P fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 ms .................. 82

Gambar 3.77 CLK I/P AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 5 V, T/div = 1 ms .......... 82

Gambar 3.78 Data I/P AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 2 V T/div = 50 s ........ 82

Gambar 3.79 TP1 AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 1 V T/div = 200 s ............. 82

Gambar 3.80 TP2 AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 1 V T/div = 1 ms ............... 82

Gambar 3.81 TP4 BIP - RZ fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 2 V T/div = 100 s ....... 83

Gambar 3.82 TP4 AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 1 V T/div = 20 s .............. 83


Gambar 3.84 TP6 AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 2 V T/div = 100 s ............ 83

Gambar 3.85 AMI O/P fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 2 V, T/div = 100 s .......... 83

Gambar 3.86 CLK I/P AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 ms .......... 84

Gambar 3.87 Data I/P AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 5 ms ........... 84



Gambar 3.90 TP3 BIP - RZ fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 10 ms ........ 84

Gambar 3.91 TP4 AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 10 ms ............... 84



Gambar 3.94 AMI O/P fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 10 ms ............... 85

Gambar 3.95 CLK I/P AMI fclk = 500 Hz , v/div = 5 V, T/div = 1 ms ......... 85




Gambar 3.99 TP4 BIP - RZ fclk = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 1 ms .......... 86Gambar 3.100 TP4 AMI fclk = 500 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 50 s ............... 86




Gambar 3.104 Machester I/P fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 200 us......... 87


Gambar 3.106 Data O/P fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 200 us ................ 87


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Gambar 3.107 Machester I/P fclk = 3,5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100s ...... 87

Gambar 3.108 TP1 fclk = 3,5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s .................... 87

Gambar 3.109 Data O/P fclk = 3,5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 200 s ............. 87

Gambar 3.110 Machester I/P fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 200 mv, T/div = 50 s ... 87

Gambar 3.111 TP1 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 5 v, T/div = 100 s ....................... 87

Gambar 3.112 Data O/P fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 100 mv, T/div = 100 s ......... 87


Gambar 3.114 TP1 fclk = 7 KHz, V/div = 200 mv, T/div = 100 s ................ 87


Gambar 3.116 Rangkaian UNI-NRZ ................................................................ 88

Gambar 3.117 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v ,T/div = 200 us ............ 89

Gambar 3.118 Data O/P f = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v ,T/div = 200 us .................... 89

Gambar 3.119 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 5 KHz, V/div = 1 v ,T/div = 10 ms ............ 89

Gambar 3.120 Data O/P f = 5 KHz, V/div = 50 mv ,T/div = 10 ms ................ 89

Gambar 3.121 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 8 KHz, V/div = 10 v ,T/div = 10 ms .......... 89

Gambar 3.122 UNI - NRZ I/P f = 8 KHz, V/div = 20 mv ,T/div = 10 ms ....... 89

Gambar 3.123 TP 1 f = 1 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ............................ 91

Gambar 3.124 BIP O/P f = 1 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 200 us ...................... 91

Gambar 3.125 TP 1 f = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 v, T/div = 10 ms ........................... 91

Gambar 3.126 BIP O/P f = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 mv, T/div = 10 ms .................. 91

Gambar 3.127 TP 1 f = 7 KHz, V/div = 10 v, T/div = 10 ms ........................... 91

Gambar 3.128 BIP O/P f = 7 KHz, V/div = 100 mv, T/div = 10 ms ................ 91

Gambar 3.129 UNI - RZ I/P fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 500 mv, T/div = 10 ms ... 93

Gambar 3.130 TP 1 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 50 mv, T/div = 10 ms ................. 93

Gambar 3.131 TP 2 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 mv, T/div = 10 ms ................... 93Gambar 3.132 TP3 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 1 v, T/div = 10 ms ........................ 93

Gambar 3.133 TP4 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 mv, T/div = 10 ms .................... 93

Gambar 3.134 Data O/P fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 10 mv, T/div = 10 ms ........... 93






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Gambar 3.141 I/P fclk = 3,5 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 200 s ....................... 95





Gambar 3.146 O/P fclk = 3,5 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 200 s ..................... 96



Gambar 3.149 TP2 fclk = 5KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 100 s ......................... 96




Gambar 3.153 I/P fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 50 s ............................ 97


Gambar 3.155 TP2fclk = 8 KHz,V/div = 2 V, T/div = 50 s ........................... 97




Gambar 3.159 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ............... 99

Gambar 3.160 TP1 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ........................ 99


Gambar 3.162 TP3 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 1 v, T/div = 50 us .......................... 99

Gambar 3.163 TP4 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ........................ 100Gambar 3.164 Data O/P fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 us ................ 100

Gambar 3.165 CLK I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 200s ............................................................................ 100

Gambar 3.166 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz dan fdata = 1 KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 200s ............................................................................ 100


T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 101


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T/div = 200 s .......................................................................... 101


T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 101


T/div = 200 s ........................................................................... 101

Gambar 3.171 Data I/P BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div =5V

T/div = 100s ............................................................................ 101

Gambar 3.172 TP1 BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5 KHz v/div = 2V

T/div = 100s ............................................................................ 101


T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 101

Gambar 3.174 TP3 BIP - RZ fclk = 5KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div = 1 V

T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 101


T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 102

Gambar 3.176 BIPRZ O/P fclk = 5 KHz dan fdata = 2,5KHz v/div = 2 V

T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 102

Gambar 3.177 BIP - RZ fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s ............... 102

Gambar 3.178 BIP - RZ fclk = 5 KHz, f data= 2,5 KHz, V/div = 5 v,

T/div = 100 s ........................................................................... 102

Gambar 3.179 TP1 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = v, T/div = s ................................ 102

Gambar 3.180 TP 1 fclk = 5 KHz, f data= 2,5 KHz V/div = v, T/div = ms .. 102


Gambar 3.182 TP 2 fclk= 5 KHz f data= 2,5 KHz V/div = 1V T/div= 100us . 103Gambar 3.183 TP3 fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 1 v, T/div = 50 s .......................... 103

Gambar 3.184 TP3 fclk= 5 KHz f data= 2,5 KHz V/div= 1V T/div= 100s ... 103


Gambar 3.186 TP4 fclk= 5 KHz f data= 2,5 KHz V/div= 2V T/div=100us .. 103

Gambar 3.187 Data O/P fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s ................ 103

Gambar 3.188 Data O/P fclk = 5 KHz, f data= 2,5 KHz V/div = 2 v,

T/div = 100 us ........................................................................... 103


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Gambar 3.189 Rangkaian AMI ......................................................................... 105










Gambar 3.199 CLK I/P AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 5 V, T/div = 1 ms .......... 107

Gambar 3.200 Data I/P AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 2 V T/div = 50 s ........ 107


Gambar 3.202 TP2 AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 1 V T/div = 1 ms ................ 107

Gambar 3.203 TP4 BIP - RZ fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 2 V T/div = 100 s ....... 107

Gambar 3.204 TP4 AMI fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 1 V T/div = 20 s ............... 107



Gambar 3.207 AMI O/P fclk = 500 Hz, v/div = 2 V, T/div = 100 s .......... 108





Gambar 3.212 TP3 BIP - RZ fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 10 ms ........ 109

Gambar 3.213 TP4 AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 10 ms ............... 109Gambar 3.214 TP5 AMI fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 10 ms ............... 109


Gambar 3.216 AMI O/P fclk = 100 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 10 ms ............... 109

Gambar 3.217 CLK I/P AMI fclk = 500 Hz , v/div = 5 V, T/div = 1 ms ......... 110





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Gambar 3.221 TP4 BIP - RZ fclk = 500 Hz v/div = 2 V T/div = 1 ms .......... 110

Gambar 3.222 TP4 AMI fclk = 500 Hz v/div = 1 V T/div = 50 s ............... 110




Gambar 3.226 Rangkaian Manchester .............................................................. 112

Gambar 3.227 Machester I/P fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 200 us......... 112


Gambar 3.229 Data O/P fclk = 2 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 200 us ............... 112

Gambar 3.230 Machester I/P fclk = 3,5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100s ...... 113

Gambar 3.231 TP1 fclk = 3,5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 100 s .................... 113

Gambar 3.232 Data O/P fclk = 3,5 KHz, V/div = 2 v, T/div = 200 s ............ 113


Gambar 3.234 TP1 fclk = 5 KHz, V/div = 5 v, T/div = 100 s ....................... 113



Gambar 3.237 TP1 fclk = 7 KHz, V/div = 200 mv, T/div = 100 s ................ 113


Gambar 4.1 Sinyal bentuk gelombang dari sinyal audio dan sinyal PWM .. 116

Gambar 4.2 Diagram karakteristik dari modulasi PAM, PPM, dan PWM ... 118

Gambar 4.3 Diagram rangkaian PWM dengan menggunakan A741......... 119

Gambar 4.4 Diagram bentuk gelombang dari pengisian dan pengosongan

uA741 ........................................................................................ 119

Gambar 4.5 Diagram rangkaian dari LM555 astable multivibrator.............. 121

Gambar 4.6 Bentuk gelombang keluaran dari LM555 astable multivibratorpada titik berbeda ...................................................................... 122

Gambar 4.7 Diagram rangkaian dari monostable multivibrator dengan

menggunakan LM555 IC .......................................................... 123

Gambar 4.8 Diagram rangkaian dari PAM dengan menggunakan dua LM555

ICs ............................................................................................. 124

Gambar 4.9 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=4 v F=1,1KHz .............. 127

Gambar 4.10 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaranV = 20,2V F= 2,279 KHz .. 127


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Gambar 4.11 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=4,4v F=507,1Hz ........... 127

Gambar 4.12 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaranV=20v F=2,596KHz .......... 127

Gambar 4.13 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=4,32v F=502,5Hz ......... 127

Gambar 4.14 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran V=20,2v F=2,271KHz ...... 127

Gambar 4.15 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=6,48v F=501Hz ............ 128

Gambar 4.16 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran V=20,20v F=2,294KHz .... 128

Gambar 4.17 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukan V=6,48v F=501Hz ........... 128

Gambar 4.18 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran V=20v F=2,588KHz ......... 128

Gambar 4.19 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukan V=6,48v F=493,1Hz ........ 128

Gambar 4.20 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukan V=20,2v F=2,26KHz ....... 128

Gambar 4.21 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran (Vm=2,5V,fm=1KHz)

gelombang kotak ....................................................................... 129


gelombang segitiga.................................................................... 129


gelombang sinusoidal ................................................................ 129


gelombang kotak titik uji TP1 ................................................... 130




gelombang kotak titik uji TP3 .................................................. 130



Gambar 4.28 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran (Vm=2,5V,fm=1KHz)gelombang kotak titik uji PWM O/P ......................................... 131


gelombang segitiga titik uji TP1 ............................................... 132


gelombang segitiga titik uji TP2 .............................................. 132




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gelombang segitiga titik uji PWM O/P ..................................... 133


gelombang sinus titik uji TP1 ................................................... 134


gelombang sinus titik uji TP2 .................................................. 134






gelombang sinus titik uji PWM O/P ......................................... 135


gelombang kotak ....................................................................... 136









Gambar 4.44 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran (Vm=1,5V,fm=1KHz)gelombang kotak titik uji TP3 ................................................... 137




gelombang kotak titik uji PWM O/P ......................................... 138




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Gambar 4.57 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=4 v F=1,1KHz .............. 143

Gambar 4.58 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaranV = 20,2V F= 2,279 KHz .. 143

Gambar 4.59 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=4,4v F=507,1Hz ........... 143

Gambar 4.60 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaranV=20v F=2,596KHz .......... 143

Gambar 4.61 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=4,32v F=502,5Hz ......... 143

Gambar 4.62 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran V=20,2v F=2,271KHz ...... 143

Gambar 4.63 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukanV=6,48v F=501Hz ............ 144Gambar 4.64 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran V=20,20v F=2,294KHz .... 144

Gambar 4.65 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukan V=6,48v F=501Hz ........... 144

Gambar 4.66 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran V=20v F=2,588KHz ......... 144

Gambar 4.67 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukan V=6,48v F=493,1Hz ........ 145

Gambar 4.68 Bentuk gelombang sinyal masukan V=20,2v F=2,26KHz ....... 145


gelombang kotak ....................................................................... 145


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gelombang kotak titik uji TP3 .................................................. 147















Gambar 4.82 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran (Vm=2,5V,fm=1KHz)gelombang sinus titik uji TP1 ................................................... 151


gelombang sinus titik uji TP2 .................................................. 152






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gelombang kotak ....................................................................... 154





















Gambar 4.98 Bentuk gelombang sinyal keluaran (Vm=1,5V,fm=1KHz)gelombang segitiga titik uji TP4 ............................................... 158








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Gambar 5.1 Diagram Sinyal PWM to PAM ................................................. 166

Gambar 5.2 Diagram sirkuit dan bentuk gelombang PWM to PPM ............ 167

Gambar 5.3 Diagram Blok gelombang sinyal dari detektor produk PWM

demodulator............................................................................... 168

Gambar 5.4 Diagram sirkuit internal dari MC1496. ..................................... 169

Gambar 5.5 Diagram Circuit PWM demodulator dengan MC1496 ............. 170

Gambar 5.6 Sinyal output (Vm=500mV,fm=700Hz) carier sinyal input

terminal ..................................................................................... 173

Gambar 5.7 Sinyal output (Vm=500mV,fm=700Hz) PWM O/P ................. 173

Gambar 5.8 Sinyal output (Vm=500mV,fm=700Hz) TP1 ........................... 173






Gambar 5.14 Sinyal output (Vm=500mV,fm=700Hz) Audio O/P ................. 175


terminal ..................................................................................... 176

Gambar 5.16 Sinyal output (Vm=500mV,fm=500Hz) PWM O/P ................. 176Gambar 5.17 Sinyal output (Vm=500mV,fm=500Hz) TP1 ........................... 176








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terminal ..................................................................................... 179










terminal ..................................................................................... 182









Gambar 6.1 Diagram blok modulasi PCM.................................................... 188

Gambar 6.2 Diagram modulasi PCM ............................................................ 189

Gambar 6.3 Diagram rangkaian modulator PCM PCM ................................ 189

Gambar 6.4 Diagram rangkaian generator gelombang kotak 2048 kHz....... 192

Gambar 6.5 V = 1,62V; f = 496Hz ............................................................... 194Gambar 6.6 V = 1,62V; f = 496Hz ............................

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