Bai Giang He Thong Ky Thuat Trong Cong Trinh - Kien Truc

Ging vin: Bi Quang Trung

B mn: Vi kh hu v Mi trng Xy dng

H THNG K THUT TRONG CNG TRNH

Kt cu

C-in

Kin trc

Cc vn ny sinh?

Xuyn dm

Kch thc hp k thut

Ti trng thit b?

Thm m - kin trc

V tr l ch

cng

Mc ch/ yu cu

Nm c cc kin thc c bn v

cc h thng k thut phc v

trong cc cng trnh xy dng;

Cung cp cho sinh vin chuyn ngnh

kin trc v xy dng cng trnh dn

dng v cng nghip cc kin thc c

bn sau y:

Chc nng;

Nguyn l hot ng;

Xc nh nhanh khng gian v v tr

ca h thng k thut ng v ngang

v gian my ca 1 s h thng k

thut chnh trong cng trnh.

HKK & TG

H thng in chiu sng v ng lc

H thng thang my

H thng cp thot nc

H thng PCCC

H thng cp kh t

H thng in nh

Phn 1: H thng HKK

1.1. Mc ch, ngha

1.2. Nguyn l hot ng

1.3. Phn loi

1.4. Cc nguyn tc la chn h thng

1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut

1.1. Mc ch, ngha

HKK l ngnh k thut c kh nng to ra bn trong cc cng trnh

kin trc mt mi trng KK trong sch, c nhit , m v vn tc

gi nm trong phm vi n nh ph hp vi cm gic nhit ca c th con

ngi ng vi cc trng thi lao ng khc nhau

+ Bo m ch tin nghi (nhit , m, vn tc gi);

+ Lc bi;

+ Kh khun;

+ Cung cp dng kh (O2).

HKK c tc dng phc v cho nhiu qu trnh cng ngh khc nhau

yu cu gii hn nhit v m

HKK c th kh nhit tha, khng ch nhit ; kh m tha khng

ch m - hai yu t vi kh hu quan trng nht trong dn dng v cng

nghip.

HKK ton phn: khng ch c nhit v m, c th gi l iu tit

khng kh. HKK khng ton phn: khng ch 1 trong 2 thng s trn.

Phn 1: H thng HKK

1.1. Mc ch, ngha

1.2. Nguyn l hot ng

1.3. Phn loi



1.2. Nguyn l hot ng

Mi cht lnh

Cc tiu ch nh gi

1. Ch s ODP thp (Ozone Depletion Potential)

2. Ch s GWP thp (Global Warming Potential)

3. Hiu sut vn hnh my cao

4. Thi gian tn ti trong kh quyn thp

5. p sut vn hnh thp

6. c hi/ bc chy thp

7. Tng quan gia hiu sut v chi ph tt

5.4

5.6

5.8

6

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.8

CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC- 410A HFC- 407C HFC-245fa

CO

P

Efficiency for Chillers (COP)

Atmospheric Life (Years)

0

20

40

60

80

100

CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC-

410A

HFC-

407C

HFC-245fa

Ye

ars

Mi cht lnh

Phn 1: H thng HKK

1.1. Mc ch, ngha

1.2. Nguyn l hot ng

1.3. Phn loi



1.3. Phn loi

HKK

Mc quan trng

Cp I m 35h

Cp 2 150 m 200

Cp 3 350 m 400

PP x l nhit m

PP kh B mt lm lnh kh: dn ng

PP t Bung x l nhit m: bung phun

c im khu x l

c lp 1 cc, 2 cc, multi

Trung tm VRV, Chiller

Kh nng kh nhit

1 chiu

2 chiu

c im gii nhit

Gii nhit gi

Gii nhit nc

c im cht ti lnh

Lm lnh trc tip VAV

Lm lnh gin tip Nc lm cht ti lnh: VWV

Kho lnh

c im my nn

Trc vt

Piston

...

1.3.1. iu ha cc b

Loi my lin khi (1 cc) Loi my hai khi (2 cc)

Loi nhiu khi my (multi split)

u im

Thi cng lp t, vn hnh n gin.

Kh nng iu chnh rng v linh hot. Thch hp vi cc cng trnh

c h s s dng ng thi nh.

Chi ph u t ban u thp.

H s hiu xut COP (Coefficient of Performance): Nng sut

lnh/in nng tiu tn: 2,3 - 3,02

Nhc im

Chim rt nhiu khng gian t my

(outdoor). nh hng xu ti kin trc cng

trnh v cnh quan khu vc.

Vic b tr my gp nhiu kh khn v b hn

ch chiu di ng gas ni gia indoor v

outdoor.

Vi cng trnh c cng sut lnh yu cu ln,

s lng my nhiu, kh duy tu bo hnh.

Kh p ng c yu cu k thut v lng

gi ti cho con ngi cng nh vn tc gi

trong phng.

Kh m bo c ng u v nhit .

Tiu tn nng lng vn hnh ln.

1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV

1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV Cc loi dn lnh


Gi v mng k thut

Dn nng v cc v tr lp t


ng ng - quy cch lp t ng ng


iu khin h thng


Yu cu k thut ca V-II Series

hng Fujitsu - General

Yu cu k thut ca VRV III

hng Daikin

u im

Thi cng lp t, vn hnh n gin;

Kh nng iu chnh rng v linh hot, thch hp vi cc cng trnh

c h s s dng ng thi nh.;

Chi ph vn hnh thp, c cc hng iu ha p dng nhiu ci tin

k thut v thit b cng nh iu khin: nh bin tn, iu khin

thng minh;...

Tng tnh thm m ca cng trnh nh s a dng trong vic la chn

kiu dng my iu ha.

H s hiu xut COP (Coefficient of Performance): Nng sut

lnh/in nng tiu tn: 3,2 - 4,4

Nhc im

Gi thnh u t ban u cao hn so vi phng n iu ha cc b;

Kh nng r r mi cht lnh cao;

Hn ch v khong cch gia indoor v outdoor nn khng thch hp vi

nhng cng trnh yu cu cng sut ln.

1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV

S nguyn l h thng

HKK Chiller


Chiller

My nn

My nn li tm Chiller cng sut rt ln

My nn trc vt Chiller cng sut ln

My xon c Chiller nh v trung bnh

My nn pt tng Chiller nh v va

Thit b ngng t

Gii nhit bng gi

Gii nhit bng nc

Thit b bay hi

Nc chy trong ng

Nc chy ngoi ng

Phn loi Chiller


Chiller gii nhit nc

Chiller gii nhit gi


Thp gii nhit

(Cooling tower)


Bm nc lnh/Bm gii nhit


Thit b trao i nhit FCU


Thit b trao i nhit AHU


So snh FCU v AHU

AHU thng c cng sut ln hn FCU;

AHU cu to phc tp hn FCU, cc m un x l nhit m c th

c lp t thm theo yu cu thit k;

AHU thng c s dng trong cc khng gian ln, ng ngi;

AHU c s dng trong h thng x l khng kh ngoi (khng kh

ti); FCUs thng m trch x l khng kh trong phng;

FCU thng lp t ti khng gian cn iu ha, AHU thng c

b tr ti cc gian my. V vy s dng FCU cn lu tm n vn

n.


H thng ng gi

Quy cch ch to

TCXD 232-1999: H thng TG, HKK v Cp lnh -

Ch to, lp t v nghim thu.

Tiu chun Smacna - HVAC Duct Construction

Standards - Metal and Flexible.


S 2 ng ng, 3 ng ng

H thng ng ng nc


Van dp la

Van kha

Van in t 2 ng Van in t 3 ng

Van cn bng Van cng/chn

Van bm

Van iu p

Van gi in

Van gi Van cu

u im

iu ha trung tm c u im l chi ph vn hnh tng i thp so vi

cc phng n iu ho VRV, cc b.

Khng lm mt i v p kin trc ca cng trnh. Lm tng tnh thm m

v hin i ca cng trnh.

Thch hp vi cc cng trnh c h s s dng ng thi ln, mt bng

cn iu ho rng.

m bo c cc thng s v nhit , m, kh sch.

p ng y cc yu cu v tin nghi nhit cho con ngi: nhit ,

lu lng gi ti ...

m bo cung cp kh lnh gia cc khu vc ng u, khng c s thay

i nhit t ngt.

Vi cc cng trnh, khi tht k kin trc, b tr cc khu vc t my, s

khng gy nh hng xu ti kin trc cng trnh.

H s hiu xut COP (Coefficient of Performance): Nng sut lnh/in

nng tiu tn: 4,0 6,5

Nhc im

Phi c gian my: t cc thit b: my lnh trung tm, bm nc lnh ...

Di iu chnh khng linh hot.

Ch thch hp vi cc cng trnh c cng sut lnh yu cu ln v h s s

dng ng thi ln.

1.3.4. H thng HKK VAV

H thng iu ha dng t

iu ha khng kh cho phng sch

1.3.4. H thng HKK VAV

VAV box

Ming thi khuch tn

Gian my AHU

u im

H thng HKK VAV thch hp vi cc cng trnh c yu cu v

thng s nhit , m, p sut, sch khun, sch bi bn

trong nghim ngt nh: trung tm d liu, phng my ch, cc h

thng phng sch;

Thch hp vi nhng cng trnh cng nghip;

Nhc im

H thng cng knh, chim nhiu khng gian k thut.

Cn lu tm n vn n, thm m cho h thng ng ng.

Phn 1: H thng HKK

1.1. Mc ch, ngha

1.2. Nguyn l hot ng

1.3. Phn loi



1.4. Nguyn tc la chn h thng

H thng la chn trn c s cc tiu ch: chi ph u

t, chi ph vn hnh, khng gian thit b yu cu, mc

nh hng ti kt cu, kin trc cng trnh, tin

xy dng,

1.4.1. Chn phng n

1.4.2. Chn loi my

1.4.3. Chn hng my

1.4.1. Chn phng n

c tnh c th ca cng trnh: Cng nng - phn khu chc nng; h s s

dng ng thi, thit k kin trc; a im ca cng trnh;...

Cng trnh cng cng (trung tm thng mi, vn phng cho thu,...): VRV,

Chiller.

Cng trnh c chc nng c lp (chung c, cn h cao cp, khch sn,...):

VRV, Multi, cc b.

Cng trnh cng nghip: Chiller, VAV,...

Cng trnh c cng nng c bit (phng sch, trung tm d liu,...): Chiller,

VAV.

Cng sut thit k

Cng sut nh: cc b, Multi.

Cng sut va: VRV

Cng sut ln: Chiller

1.4.1. Chn phng n

Kh nng p ng yu cu k thut ca h thng HKK: ngun nc gii

nhit

Yu cu ca khch hng.

Yu cu c bit khc

Kim sot khng kh sch trung tm;

An ninh, bo mt;

Phi hp cng cc ngun nng lng sn c;

Kh nng kt ni cng cc h thng khc ca cng trnh;

;...

1.4.2. Chn loi my

Vic chn my c th c cn c vo kt qu thnh lp v

tnh ton s iu ho khng kh, trong 2 thng s

quan trng nht lm cn c la chn l:

Nng sut gi L thi vo phng , kg/s

Nng sut lnh Qo ca thit b x l khng kh, kW

Cng sut si QSI v QSII ca b sy cp I v II (nu

cn), kW

Loi t sn (Floor Standing) : Loi t nn c ca thi gi t

pha trn, ca ht t bn hng, pha trc. Loi ny thch hp cho

khng gian hp, nhng trn cao.

Loi treo tng (Wall mounted) : y l dng ph bin nht , cc

dn lnh lp t trn tng, c cu to rt p. My iu ho dng

treo tng thch hp cho phng cn i, khng kh c thi ra

ca nh pha di v ht v pha ca ht nm pha trn.

Loi p trn (Ceiling suspended): Loi p trn c lp t p st

trn gi. Dn lnh p trn thch hp cho cc cng trnh c trn thp

v rng. Gi c thi ra i st trn, gi hi v pha di dn lnh

1.4.2. Chn loi my

Loi cassette: Ton b dn lnh nm su trong trn, ch c

mt trc ca dn lnh l ni trn b mt trn. Mt trc

ca my cassette gm c ca ht nm gia, cc ca thi

nm cc bn. Tu theo my m c th c 2, 3 hoc 4 ca

thi v cc hng khc nhau. Loi cassette rt thch hp

cho khu vc c trn cao, khng gian rng nh cc phng

hp, i snh, hi trng,...

Loi du trn (concealed type): Dn lnh kiu du trn

c lp t hon ton bn trong trn gi. dn gi

xung phng v hi gi tr li bt buc phi c ng cp,

hi gi v cc ming thi, ming ht. Kiu du trn thch

hp cho cc vn phng, cng s, cc khu vc c trn gi,

trn git cp.

Loi v tinh (Ceiling mounted built-in): Dn lnh kiu v

tinh gm mt dn chnh c b tr ming ht, dn chnh

c ni vi cc v tinh, l cc hp c cc ca thi gi.

Cc v tinh c ni vi dn chnh qua ng ni mm. Mi

dn c t 2 n 4 v tinh t cc v tr tu .

1.4.3. Chn hng my

Phn 1: H thng HKK

1.1. Mc ch, ngha

1.2. Nguyn l hot ng

1.3. Phn loi




Gian my

Trc ng

Khng gian

cn thit


Khng gian k thut cn thit phi:

m bo cc yu cu k thut ca thit b;

Cc thng s k thut: vn tc gi, lu lng nc,... Phi m

bo iu kin vn hnh ti u quy nh trong cc TC, QC;

Khng gian cn thit phi p ng cc yu cu k thut trong

qu trnh thi cng - lp t, vn hnh, sa cha, bo dng v

thay th.

1.5.1. Gian my v v tr gian my

1.5.2. Hp k thut ng

1.5.3. Trn gi v chiu cao trn gi


Gian my trung tm

Gian my cc b

V tr gian my s quyt nh n hiu qu trao i nng

lng, nh hng n thit k kin trc, chi ph xy dng,

tin thi cng v k hoch s dng h thng.

La chn v tr gian my cn phi xem xt n cc yu t:

kh nng vn chuyn nhin liu vn hnh, kh nng thi

khi thi khi thit b vn hnh nu s dng thit b chy

xng, du,, cc yu t tc ng v n v rung ng,

kh nng thng gi, cc v tr ca cc thit b ph tr nh

thp lm mt, cc yu cu k thut i vi thit b v vt

liu nh: p sut lm vic ca my lnh, ng ng, ph

kin v van kha, Tt c cc vn ny phi c xem

xt, phn tch chi tit tt c cc giai on: thi cng, vn

hnh, bo tr, bo dng v thay th thit b.


Cc v tr thng t gian my trung tm:

Tng hm

Tng mi

1.5.2. Hp k thut ng

1.5.3. Trn gi v chiu cao trn gi

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Bai Giang He Thong Ky Thuat Trong Cong Trinh - Kien Truc